Climaveneta - 350 Euston Road

7/23/2019 Climaveneta - 350 Euston Road

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Improving building performances and carbonfootprint with innovative HVAC solutions.

350 EUSTON ROADCase Study short version


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2 350 EUSTON ROAD CASE STUDY

Executive summary

This report explores the advantages of a

range of HVAC alternatives. In particular itdemonstrates how heat pumps with heat

recovery can contribute to improving energy

performance and reducing the carbon

footprint of buildings, with a short payback,

thus being a viable technology for energy

cost reduction and for improving the UKs

building environmental impact.

Giuseppe Medeghini

Partner

Studio Planning

Prof. Michele De Carli

Department of Industrial

Engineering

University of Padua

Phil Draper

Technical and

Energy Manager,

Broadgate Estates

Authors


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350 EUSTON ROAD CASE STUDY 3

The study considers a real office building situated in 350

Euston road, Regents Place, London.

Owned by British Land and managed by Broadgate Estates,

this property has already achieved significant energy

reduction targets and has been awarded as best-practice

example for energy savings by several independent

institutions, among which CIBSE. Existing boilers and

chillers needed to be replaced.

In order to ensure transparency and quality of results, the

University of Padua - Department of Industrial Engineering

and Studio Planning has been involved, respectively as an

independent research institution and as qualified building

services engineering consultancy with great experience in

innovative heat pump applications.

A comprehensive energy model was developed to simulate

how the building operates. All actions and prospective

results have been designed on the real heating and cooling

needs of the building and are measured against a baseline

which represents an excellent energy efficient office

building in Central London.

The technological solutions considered are based on

Climaveneta proven technology, already implemented inmultiple buildings with success and proven records.

This research reflects British Land, Broadgate Estate and

Climaveneta shared commitment to advance best

practices in energy reduction and sustainability in new

property developments and management of existing

buildings by means of innovative HVAC design.

Heat Pumps with heat recovery are a viable solutionfor London office buildings offering an integrated

approach to the heating and cooling of the building.

London climate conditions very well suit heat pumpoperating limits making gas boilers redundant /

obsolete.

Heat Pumps with heat recovery reduce the buildingsprimary energy consumption by 38% and CO2

emissions by 34.6%.

Due to the gradual de-carbonisation of the electricenergy production in the UK, the carbon reduction

achievable with this technology will improve over the

lifetime of the system, achieving savings between

75.4% and 88.4% in 2025.

In new developments simplification of the systemallowed by this technology not only provides the

considerable savings described in this study but

results in reduced installation costs compared to achiller and boiler system.

In refurbishments there are additional, althoughlimited, costs due to adapting existing piping works

to the new system, accounting for 5% of the total

investment. Given the achievable savings, the

payback is less than 2 years.

Net Present Value of the total savings over the 15years lifespan cover 60% of the total initial

investment.

Enhancing the system based on heat pumps withheat recovery with ancillary solutions, such as

thermal storage, and chiller plant optimization

systems, would further improve its energy

performance.

Adopting Heat pumps eliminates gas usage at sitethus providing the opportunity to further reduce the

buildings carbon footprint by equipping the building

with a solar photovoltaic array.

Key Findings

Luigi De Rossi

Energy Analysis & Software

Selection Manager

Climaveneta Spa

Giacomo Favaro


Selection Specialist

Climaveneta Spa

Andrea Bertelle

Communications

Manager

Climaveneta Spa


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Jan

250.000,00

200.000,00

150.000,00

100.000,00

50.000,00

-

Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Heating demand

Cooling demand

3 boilers for heating, total capacity1.380kW

2 air-cooled chillers, total capacity2.180 kW.

2 AHU with 40,000 m3/h total airflow, without heat recovery, with

bypass installed and driventhrough BMS to decrement the

amount of external air supplied. If

needed, outdoor air is cooled and

dried by means of the cooling coil,

active also in summer.

Terminal units: Fan coils originallyinstalled are without valves on the

supplying pipes. On the

refurbished floors new fan coil

units with two way valves have

been installed.

Primary circuit with constant flowpumps

Secondary circuit with inverterdriven pumps, with no automatic

control

Energy consumption has been decreasing in the last few years thanks to a

comprehensive energy reduction plan implemented by British Land predominantly based

on innovative building management policies, and limited refurbishments of existing

systems. The measures already applied in the HVAC system area are:

Bypass on the AHU to allow a certain percentage of partial re-use of returned air. Inverter on secondary pumps.

New fan coil units with two-way valves installed on the refurbished floors.

Boilers off during Summer months, no post heating supplied to AHU.

Based on that, 2012 energy consumption for chillers and boilers has been analysed. At

a first glance, the data collected enable one to gather relevant information about the

building and its behaviour:

Energy consumption was exceptionally low due to the renovation works on asubstantial section of the building.

Cooling energy demand is high throughout year, due to the glazing that covers mostof the building envelope and to the high internal heat load caused by people and

appliances.

This results in a significant overlay of heating and cooling loads, offering a veryinteresting opportunity for energy recovery solutions. These solutions will be the

focus of this analysis.

Address: 350 Euston Road, North East London.

Structure:- 7 storeys, 16,016 sq ft, (1488 sq m) each

- Ground floor with a reception area and twocommercial areas

- Commercial areas have an autonomous

heating/cooling system, not included in

this analysis.

- 3 main technical areas from the1st to the 7th floor.

- 2 atriums.

Envelope:the 2 main surfaces are fully glazed: the double skin

has one single glass outside and one double glazingsurface inside. The double glazing has a U-value equal

to 1.78W/(m2K). The opaque walls have a U-value

equal to 0.6 W/(m2K).

Orientation: The real orientation of the building and allprojected shadows have been taken into account and

the effect on solar radiation has been evaluated.

The building

Thermal energyconsumption [kW/h]

The current HVAC system has mechanical

ventilation and 4-pipe fancoil and is based on:

Set-point temperature:

Office spaces: 22Cthroughout the year.

Core 1 and Core 4: onlyheating, with a minimum

temperature of 14C.

Primary air supplied at 16Cwith 65% relative humidity.

The AHU cooling coiloperates with a surface

temperature of 11C and

90% efficiency.

Modifying some of such settings would allow further savings without

compromising the high comfort standards

Operating conditions


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600

400

200

0

-200

-400

-600

-800

-1000

-1200

30/12 24/1 18/2 15/3 9/4 4/5 29/5 23/6 18/7 12/8 6/9 1/10 26/10 20/11 15/12

Heating system

Cooling system

A thorough and rigorous energy analysis hasbeen carried out following the six - step process

described below:

I A dynamic energy model based on current energy

consumption has been created, in order to have a

reliable baseline against which to simulate and measure

the energy savings achievable by the proposed

upgrades. The present comfort setting have beenmaintained for the transparency of the comparison.

II The model has been created by the Department of

Industrial Engineering of Padua University.

The software selected for this work is the Transient

System Simulation Tool (TRNSYS), because of its

advanced HVAC modeling.

III Simulations have been carried out based on the Test

Reference Year (TRY) of London. They evaluated the

hourly profile of net demand of the fan-coil units

(sensible), of the Air Handling Unit (AHU), and overall

heating and cooling net energy demand. The overall

simulated heating and cooling net energy demand is

shown in the figure below.

IV To validate the model actual consumption data havebeen gathered from the electric energy chiller meters

and the gas meters readings feeding the boilers.

Simulated values have been compared with measured

values for the year 2011. On average simulated values

represent between 84% and 87% of measured data.

This confirmed the validity of the model considering that

the simulation did not include the losses due to

distribution control and emissions. The overall efficiency

coefficient for these components can be correctly

estimated in 15% energy of total energy consumption.

The summary of the peak load values is reported in the

table below.

V The defined model has been applied to a four-pipe

system incorporating the present components, namely

AHU without Heat recovery and chillers plus boilers, for

baseline definition.

VI The defined model has been applied to four system

improvement options, described in the following pages.

A comparative analysis of the energy efficiency,

environmental and economic results of each of the options

considered against the baseline has been carried out. This

short version of the study focuses in particular on the most

promising heat pumps with heat recovery.


Dynamic building energy model and baseline definition

Overall hourly need of the heating/cooling system [kW]

Peak load

[kW]

Heating Cooling

476 1026

22 48[W/m2]

Overall

For more information and details.

require the full version of the report contacting:

Andrea Bertelle - Communications Manager- Climaveneta Spa

[email protected]

Peak power of fan coil units, AHU and overall peak load of the

HVAC system (fan-coil units and ventilation system).


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HVAC systemimprovements analysis

HEAT RECOVERYAIR HANDLING

UNITS

HEAT RECOVERYAIR HANDLING

UNITS WITH

POST HEATING HEAT RECOVERYHEAT PUMP

Adopting heat pumps with

heat recovery as single

solution to provide heating

and cooling for the building.

HEAT RECOVERYHEAT PUMPSCOMBINED

WITH NEW AHU

The four HVAC system improvement options

considered in the full version of this study are

presented below.

This short paper focuses on the most promising

of them, represented by the adoption of

Climaveneta heat pumps with heat recovery.

Savings are measured in kWh of primary energy as a way to

compare thermal and cooling energy produced by different

sources (electricity and gas), as well as CO2 emissions.

The Conversion factors fact sheet 2013from the Carbon Trust

has been taken as reference for the conversion of kWh of

energy to tons of CO2.

Building

Heating

Gasboiler

Heat Heat

Primaryenergy

PowergeneratorElectric

grid

ChillerCooling Primary

energy

Heat

Building PowergeneratorElectric

grid

Heat pump

Cooling

Renewableenergy

Primaryenergy

Traditional gas boiler

+ chiller HVAC system VSAdvanced HVAC system based on

heat pumps with heat recovery.


The replacement of existing boilers and chillers with high efficiency boilers and high efficiency chillers has been considered. This solution would provideenergy savings versus standard boilers and chillers, but significantly lower than those achievable adopting heat pumps with heat recovery. The initial cost

would be higher than adopting heat pumps with heat recovery, thus this solution has been discarded and is not further discussed in the study.


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The energy analysis of the current system shows that the building is

characterised by a high cooling demand even during the Winter, with

considerable overlay of heating and cooling demand, as is frequently

the case in office buildings.

Replacing existing old chillers and boilers with heat recovery heatpumps would ensure significant energy savings as it would allow for

energy transfer, recovering energy that otherwise would be wasted on

top of energy saving ensured by Heat Pumps technology.

To properly assess when heating and cooling demand are

simultaneous and therefore predict the exact achievable savings,

a complete simulation has been run, based on the hourly data

gathered from the dynamic model created.

The units selected for the simulations are two Climaveneta

ERACS2-Q SL/CA 2722. The technical data of a single unit is

specified in the table below.

Cooling Heating Cooling + Heating

[kW] [kW] [kW] [kW] [kW] [kW] [kW]

Coolingcapacity

Totalpower input

Coolingcapacity

Totalpower input

Heat recoverythermal capacity

EER Heatingcapacity

Totalpower input

COP TER

678 229 2.96 703 205 3.7 701 193 883 8.19

When a perfect balance between heating and cooling demand occurs,

a stunning performance of 8.19 can be achieved. This condition is

rare, but even limited overlapping demand can result in very high

efficiency ratios, with average values around 4.

The following figure assembles the energy results for each month.

In particular during mid season, when an overlapping cooling and

heating demand is more frequent, the actual absorbed energy

decreases compared to Winter months, even if the total amount of

energy (cooling and heating) produced is the same.

For more information and details.require the full version of the report contacting:


[email protected]


8/20


the heat sink. The amount of energy recoverable could be higher. In fact,

due to lack of thermal storage, the system recovers energy only when

there is a simultaneous demand of heating and cooling, which happens

only for a limited amount of time.

The installation of thermal storages with a capacity of 3-5 thousand litres

would enable storing part of the energy produced for free possible when

demand is not simultaneous to be used later when needed, thus

enhancing the systems performances and increasing the recovery index.

250.000

200.000

150.000

100.000

50.000

0

Kwh

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

14,3% 16,1% 20,7% 19,8% 11,0% 1,6% 0,1% 0,1% 2,9%15,4% 20,7% 11,6%

Heating & Cooling energy produced, Absorbed energy and % of heat recovery

Heating energy Cooling energy Recovered energy Absorbed energy

These performance enhancements are due to the energy recovery

combined with the higher effciency of the adopted heat pump

technology.

The simulation performed shows that very good average performances

can be achieved through the use of the new system (TER between 3,39

and 4,90). The data show that a yearly average of 10.4% of the overall

energy demand can be recovered for free, instead of being wasted on

Energy and emission savings new heat pumps

Primary energy compared to the baseline (%) CO2 Emission compared to the baseline (%)

-38,0%

1.800,00

1.600,00

1.400,00

1.200,00

1.000,00

800,00

600,00

400,00

200,00

0

New heat

pumps

Baseline

50,00

100,00

150,00

200,00

250,00

300,00

350,00

0,00

-34,6%

New heat

pumps

Baseline

The new system reduces the building CO2 emissions by 34.6%

and its primary energy consumption by 38%.


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9

These units can produce

hot and chilled water at

the same time and totally

independently, adapting to

the variable heating and

cooling demands of thebuilding.

There are three basic operating

configurations, which are totally independent

from external temperature conditions:

only chilled water production (the unitworks as a simple chiller);

only hot water production (the unit worksas a heat pump);

combined production of hot and chilled

water (the unit produces simultaneouslyand autonomously cold and hot water for

the two plant sections).

The above working configurations are selected

automatically (on-board microprocessor) in order

to minimize the absorbed energy and satisfy

each thermal buildings requests.

When simultaneous heating and cooling

demand occur, energy can be obtained almost

for free for the buildings needs. To measure

the performances of such machines a new

dedicated tool is needed to assess the global

performance of the heat pump, when hot and

cold water are produced simultaneously.Climaveneta, as a leading manufacturer

and pioneer in this technology has

introduced a new efficiency index, called

Total Efficiency Ratio (TER).

The main challenge in

refurbishing the building with

heat pumps is represented by

lower supply heating

temperatures ideal to exploit HP

technology at its peak efficiency.

The current system on the heating side supplies

water at 57C, as is normally the case with

boilers even of the condensing type. Heat

pumps can produce hot water at a temperature

of 55C, but the efficiency performance (COPs )

would not be as high as at 45C. For that

reason is the possibility to cover the buildings

heating load with the fan coil units operating at

such lower temperatures has been assessed.

As a precaution, a heating power of the fan coil

units reduced by 30% has been considered.

Re-assessing the building with 45C working

temperature, data show that it is possible to

guarantee the heating capacity needed by the

building with no problems at all. There will be no

need for maintaining the boilers and the

occupied space can be freed. Alternatively It is

possible to keep the existing boilers as a

precautionary backup, at no extra cost.

For chillers the energy efficiency ratio is EER and for Heat

pumps COP. Basically TER is the combination of the COP

and EER in one single index. In the case of the

simultaneous, balanced demand of heating and cooling

these units can achieve efficiency corresponding to TER

values between 7 and 8. The superior efficiency is evident

considering that 3,2 is the EER for class A chillers.

Heat Pump with heat recovery: design logic and operating principles

Replacing Boilers with HP requires different heating temperature and distribution systems:this section assesses feasibility and performances.

Further improvementsFurther significant efficiency

improvements can be obtained by:

Advanced plant room monitoring and

optimisation software

Adopting a dedicated optimisation software for

the plant room, designed to integrate with the

BMS and taking full control of heating and

cooling generation as well as pumping, would

allow an additional improvement of about 10%

of total HVAC energy efficiency.

New terminal units and distribution system

Refurbishing the current distribution system

completing the raplacement of old fan coils

with no dynamic control of water flow with

new fan coils with two-way valves on the

heating and cooling coils supply pipes, would

allow reducing water flow and energy

consumption.

To further enhance the system, the secondary

circuit could be completely removed and the

primary pumps could directly distribute the

fluids. Those pumps could be inverter driven

as well to reduce the yearly energy

consumption. Schematics of the actual and

feasible system are displayed in the full study.

Solar photovoltaic array

Although in 350 Euston Road there is not

much space available to install solar panels, a

solar array could be installed in part of the top

of the buildings double skin in the South Side.

It might be possible to install about 60-70 kW

of peak power that could cover more than

10% of the energy needed for heating and

cooling. This energy has zero CO2 emissions

linked to its production and would further

lower the buildings environmental impact.

Thermal storage

The installation of thermal storages with a

capacity of 3-5 thousand litres would makesaving part of the energy produced for free

possible when demand is not simultaneous

increasing the recovery index.

TER =Heating Power Cooling Power

Absorbed Electrical Power

+


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Part L requires the heat pump compliance

to the non-domestic building compliance guide.

The HM Governament non-domestic building compliance guide 2010

requires minimum performances for heat pumps, measured with threemetrics - COP, EER and SPF - and referred to standard conditions defined

in the BS EN 14511:2007Standard

Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically

driven compressors for space heating and cooling.

Compliance with:Part L of the Building Regulations,

London Plan


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Coefficient Of Performance Seasonal Performance Factor Energy Efficiency Ratio

COP SPF EER

3.7 [+68%] 2.7 [+8%] 3,34 [+36%](1) 2.96 [+18%] (2)

2.2

Climaveneta INTEGRA ERACS2-Q heat pumps

Minimum requirements 2.5 2.5

HEAT PUMPS WITH HEAT RECOVERYlargely exceed minimum required heat pumps performances

(1) Note on SPF computationSPF is the operating performance of an electric heat pump over the season

expressed as the ratio between the heat delivered and the total electric

energy absorbed over the season.

The BS EN 15450:2007 standard considers only standard heat pumps and

does not provide a method to calculate the performance of innovative heat

pump with heat recovery.

Therefore to verify compliance with part L SPF has been calculated in the

most penalising way i.e. consideringthat all the absorbed electric power is

for heating only , neglecting the energy recovered. SPF with this method is

2.7 exceeding by 8% the standard. To correctly represent the performance

of a heat pump with heat recovery the calculation should include the share

of heat recovered for free by the heat pump.

In this case SPF would be 3,34. This value exceeds by 36% the standard,

a clear indication of the superior efficiency of this type of units in London

conditions in an office building application.

(2) Note on EER computationThe EER is calculated with an outside temperature of 35C, which is

never reached in London.

Compliance with the London Plan

The overall aim of the London plan is to achieve an overall reduction inLondons carbon dioxide emissions of 60 per cent (below 1990 levels) by

2025.

The heat pump technologies considered in the simulation would ensure a

carbon emission reduction of 90%.

The main priority for the city is the CO2 emissions reduction and therefore the

best system to achieve that target must be selected.

Heat pumps do not generate CO2 emissions at site and thus are fullycompliant with this key point. One of the priorities highlighted in the London

plan is the use of decentralized combined power and heat generation (CHP).

The Mayors target is 25% of the global heat and power demand of the city.

If there is a lack of heating demand a CHP systems efficiency is halved and it

is no longer economically and environmentally convenient.

The guide outlines how the CHP systems must be designed to run efficientlyand be optimally sized to maximise carbon dioxide savings.

For this reason a deep load analysis on each specific case is very important to

validate adoption of such systems.

For 350 Euston Road, CHP was not a viable option because:

Very variable heating loads. From the data available there was no constantheating demand that could justify the use of CHP

Lack of large district heating systems to connect,Micro CHP was not viable due to space availability, low energy efficiency

and high management costs for maintenance, local emissions analysis

and management.

The full results are available in the environmental results section.

The overall aim of the London plan is to achieve an overall reduction in Londons

carbon dioxide emissions of 60 per cent (below 1990 levels) by 2025.

The heat pump technologies considered in the simulation would ensure a carbon

emission reduction of 90%.

The full results are available in the environmental results section.


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Energy is always expressed in primary energy i.e. raw energy

before any transformation, in order to enable an efficiency

comparison of different generators:

For gas boilers,this is the energy contained in the raw fuel andneeded by the generator to fulfil the buildings needs

(natural gas).

For chillers and heat pumps,primary energy is calculated before the production of

electric energy and therefore contains the production

and transmission losses of the national grid.

The study proves that a carbon emissions reduction of 35% is

achievable with the adoption of heat pumps with heat recovery based

on National Grid 2013 guide "UK Future Energy Scenarios".

The implementation of few additional measures could bring the gains

above 50%, in line with results achieved on several developments.

Part L estimates 15 years as the expected lifetime of the new HVAC

system, it makes thus sense to consider the CO2 emissions evolution

in light of the scenarios outlined by the National Grid on the 2013

guide UK Future Energy Scenario.

The UK government is committed to reducing the CO2 impact of power

generation.

In the paper two scenarios are forseen:

Gone Green: a balanced approach to meeting renewable energyand CO2 emission targets in 2020 and 2030.

Slow Progression: a slower approach to meeting renewable energyand CO2 emission targets, for example, the UK2020 renewables

target is missed and greenhouse gas reductions fall short of the

2050 carbon targets and the 4th carbon budget.

BuildingHeat

transfer

GasboilerPrimary

energy

BuildingHeat

transfer

Heatpump

Renewableenergy

Electricgrid

PowergeneratorPrimary

Energy

CO2 emission reduction - Life cycle analysis

Environmental results

This section presents the results of the comparison of the current system and the new

system based on heat pumps with heat recovery in terms of CO2 reduction over the life

cycle of the systems, based on National Grid 2013 guide "UK Future Energy Scenarios".

Energy diagram

for current chiller + gas boiler system

Energy diagram

for new system, based on heat pumps with heat recovery


13/20


Using the data provided, emissions have been

estimated in 2020 and 2025.

Increases in the grid efficiency, although definitely

very probable, have not been accounted for.

Emissions reduction over the life cycle of the new

system with Heat Pumps become even higher if

compared to the system including boilers, as

emissions linked to natural gas cannot benefit

from the government commitment to reducing

the CO2 impact of power generation.

In 2020 the building analysed in this paper if

equipped with heat pumps with heat recovery, is

predicted to emit between 67.4% and 82.2% less

than the emissions of the current system in 2013.

In 2025 the same figure will show a CO2

reduction between 75.4% and 88.4%.

In other terms in 2025 the CO2 emissions of the

building if equipped with heat pumps with heat

recovery, are predicted to be reduced between

50,6% and 55.7%.(for slow progression andgone green respectively) compared to the chiller

plus boiler present solution.

Zero CO2 emission in the city

A further advantage of electrification of the building by

adopting the new HP system would be the complete cut

of local CO2 emissions of the building. Large scale

application of this approach would definitely result in

additional positive externalities leading thanks to a

significant improvement of urban center air quality.

ZERO net Emission Building along the Life cycle

Moreover the possible integration of a local photovoltaicsystem and the usage of certified green energy could

theoretically bring the CO2 emissions linked to heating

and cooling to next to zero.

50,00

100,00

150,00

200,00

250,00

300,00

0,00

New heat

pumps

Baseline

-18,8%

2013 2020

2020

-65,5%

50,00

100,00

150,00

200,00

250,00

300,00

0,00

2013

2025

2025

New heat

pumps

Baseline

-32.6%

-88.3%

50,00

100,00

150,00

200,00

250,00

300,00

0,00

New heat

pumps

Baseline

-14,7%

-58,9%2013 2020

2020

50,00

100,00

150,00

200,00

250,00

300,00

0,00

New heat

pumps

Baseline

-24.5%

-75.1%20132025

2025

CCS Coal

Coal

CCS Gas

Gas

Oils/Other

Solar PV Biomass

Imports

Wind

Nuclear Emission

(gCO2/kWh)

Hydro / Pumped e

Storage/Marine

CCS Coal

Coal

CCS Gas

Gas

Oils/Other

Solar PV

Biomass

Imports

Wind

Nuclear Emission

(gCO2/kWh)

Hydro / Pumped e

Storage/Marine

UK generation by fuel type Slow Progression

(source National Grid 2013 UK Future Energy Scenarios)

UK generation by fuel type Gone Green(source National Grid 2013 UK Future Energy Scenarios)


14/20

600,000.00

500,000.00

400,000.00

300,000.00

200,000.00

100,000.00

0

475,000.00 500,000.00

Boilers +

Chillers

replacementHeat recovery

heat pumps


Payback

Part L has been used as independent

guidelines for investment evaluation andsimple payback calculation.

Payback period is defined as: the amount of time it will take to recover

the initial investment through energy savings, and is calculated by

dividing the marginal additional cost of implementing an energy

efficiency measure by the value of the annual energy savings achieved

by that measure taking no account of VAT3.

Energy prices are derived from the Department of Energy and Climate

Changes statistical data set of September 2013. Boliers and chillers

installed in the building are at the end of life and need replacement.

The alternatives compared are: replacement of boilers and chillers with

new ones versus adoption of heatpumps with heat recovery.

The replacement of existing boilers and chillers with high efficiency

boilers and high efficiency chillers has been considered but has been

discharged has it is not economically viable. The initial cost would be

higher than adopting heat pumps with heat recovery and running costs

due to energy consumption would be higher.

Investment costs are based on predictions elaborated with two separate

UK installers. Prices are conservative and the final budget is expected

to be lower.

The extra cost for the heat pump installation is due to modify existing

heating pipework and pumps.

Equipment costs


15/20

The payback time for adopting heat recovery heat

pumps is shorter than two years.

Even very prudent calculations of the Net

Present Value (NPV) of the total savings at

15 years from the initial investment,

assuming the same yearly average energy

cost increase of the last 10 years, show a

total savings covering 60% of the total cost

of the initial investment.

Net Present Value of the total savings over

the 15 years lifespan cover 60% of the

total initial investment.


Gas costTotal

energy cost

Baseline

New heat pumps

Electricity cost Cost reduction

Scenario[] [] [] (%)

-

30,678.67

45,194.12

27,446.73

45,194.12

58,125.40

-22%

-

Cost reduction Simple Payback

[] [years]

-12,931.28

-

1,93

-

Running costs


16/20


This reports explores the advantages of a range of HVAC alternatives

and in particular demonstrates how heat pumps with heat recovery can

contribute to improve energy performances and reduce the carbon

footprint of buildings, thus being a viable technology in improving theUKs building environmental impact.

In doing so we have considered a real office building situated in 350

Euston road, Regents Place, London. Owned by British Land and

managed by Broadgate Estates, this property has already achieved

significant reduction targets and has been awarded as best-practice

example for energy savings by several independent institutions,

among which CIBSE.

In order to ensure transparency and the quality of results, the

University of Padua Department of Industrial Engineering and

Studio Planning have been involved, respectively as an independent

research institution and as qualified building services engineering

consultancy with great experience in innovative heat pump

applications.

A comprehensive energy model has been developed by the

University of Padua, Department of Industrial Engineering to

simulate how the building operates. All actions and prospective

results have been designed on the real and expected needs of the

building and are measured against a baseline which represents a

state-of the-art example of energy reduction in Central London

office buildings.

The technological solutions considered by Studio Planning are basedon Climavenetas proven technology, already implemented on

multiple buildings with success and proven records.

This research reflects British Land, Broadgate Estate and

Climavenetas shared commitment to advance the best practices

and innovation in energy reduction and sustainability in property

development, building management and HVAC design.

Executive summary


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This research reflects the common commitments of the participant company's institutions to

promote best practices and innovation in energy reduction and sustainability.

Findings are intended to offer valuable support for immediate decision-making about energy

reduction on refurbishments and new developments.

Key Findings

Heat Pumps with heat recovery are a viable solutionfor London office buildings offering an integrated

approach to the heating and cooling of the building.

London climate conditions very well suit heat pumpoperating limits making gas boilers redundant /

obsolete.

Heat Pumps with heat recovery reduce the buildings

primary energy consumption by 38% and CO2emissions by 34.6%.

Due to the gradual de-carbonisation of the electricenergy production in the UK, the carbon reduction

achievable with this technology will improve over the

lifetime of the system, achieving savings between

75.4% and 88.4% in 2025.

In new developments simplification of the systemallowed by this technology not only provides the

considerable savings described in this study butresults in reduced installation costs compared to a

chiller and boiler system.

In refurbishments there are additional, althoughlimited, costs due to adapting existing piping works

to the new system, accounting for 5% of the total

investment. Given the achievable savings, the

payback is less than 2 years..

Net Present Value of the total savings over the 15years lifespan cover 60% of the total initial

investment.

Enhancing the system based on heat pumps withheat recovery with ancillary solutions, such as

thermal storage, and chiller plant optimization

systems, would further improve its energy

performance.

Adopting Heat pumps eliminates gas usage at sitethus providing the opportunity to further reduce the

buildings carbon footprint by equipping the building

with a solar photovoltaic array.


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British Land is one of Europe's largest Real Estate

Investment Trusts (REITs) with total assets, owned or

managed, of 16.4 billion (British Land share 10.5

billion), as valued on 31 March 2013. Through our

property and finance expertise we attract experienced

partners to create properties and environments which

are home to over 1,000 different organisations and

receive over 300 million visits each year. Managing

our environmental, economic and social impacts iscentral to the way we do business and deliver value

for our shareholders. We assess the issues that

matter most to us and our stakeholders on an on

going basis and, where appropriate, adjust our

strategic focus to reflect this. We focus on managing

our buildings efficiently, supporting communities,

developing sustainable buildings and engaging our

staff. For each of these priorities we are targeting our

efforts and resources at initiatives where we can

achieve the biggest impacts. Further details can be

found on the British Land website atwww.britishland.com.

From a foundation of managing iconic London

properties at Broadgate, our offer and portfolio have

broadened over the past 25 years to include many of

the UKs most prestigious developments. Core to our

strategy is a commitment to unrivalled service and

innovation. Our expertise and sole focus is property

management. Our customers value our hands-on,

flexible and adaptable approach working seamlessly

with them to create genuine partnership. We are alsoprogressive problem solvers, anticipating issues and

offering intelligent solutions that are tailor-made to

deliver our clients vision.

We can unlock value throughout the development and

asset management lifecycle from design for

management, through set-up and occupation, and into

long term management. Broadgate Estates has a

dedicated energy management team that monitors

energy consumption data, building services expertise

and occupier engagement to reduce energy

consumption. We have also worked with the Better

Buildings Partnership to develop a leading edge toolkitand benchmarking methodology to compare energy

and water consumption and share best practice

across our management portfolio.

BRITISH LAND

BROADGATE ESTATE

Climaveneta is the European leader in central

climate control systems, providing high efficiency,

sustainable HVAC & HPAC solutions for commercial,

retail, residential, and data centre customers.

With 40 years experience, Climavenetas solutions-

led approach combines optimum comfort and

premium energy efficiency to ensure an attractive

return on investment and the highest standards ofenvironmental respect in each type of building.

Fabricated in 7 specialised production centres in

Europe, China and India, Climaveneta integrates air-

conditioning, heating, process cooling solutions with

measurement devices and services in the most

prestigious, complex and demanding projects

worldwide through its global network of branches

and business partners.

Climaveneta is a DeLclima company.Further details can be found on Climaveneta website

at www.climaveneta.com

CLIMAVENETA

Authors

Giuseppe Medeghini

Partner

Studio Planning

Prof. Michele De Carli

Department of Industrial Engineering

University of Padua

Phil Draper

Technical and Energy Manager,

Broadgate Estates

Luigi De Rossi


Selection Manager

Climaveneta Spa

Giacomo Favaro

Energy Analysis & Software Selection

Specialist

Climaveneta Spa

Andrea Bertelle

Communications Manager

Climaveneta Spa

Improving building performances and carbon footprint

with innovative HVAC solutions.350 EUSTON ROADCase study


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Studio Planning is a building services engineering

company with an extensive experience in designing

and commissioning all types of buildings:

commercial, offices, residential, shopping centres,

retail chains, industrial. It is the main contractor for

Esselunga one of the biggest retail chains in Italy. It

has been involved in different phases in some of the

main projects in the Milan area of the last 15 years

like the new Porta Nuova Garibaldi area and Porta

Vittoria, accounting for thousands of square meters

of development. The studio is specifically focused

on highly efficiently solutions to successfully

implement zero building design in different types of

building. It has vast experience in energy audit,

modelling and monitoring to achieve better

performances through continuous commissioning

and to enhance the design phase through feedback

from live monitoring.

Universit degli studi di Padova was founded in

1222 and is one of the oldest universities in the

world.

The Department of Industrial Engineering of the

University of Padua, promotes and manages

scientific and technological research projects in

many fields of Industrial Engineering, including

Aerospace Engineering, Chemical and Process

Engineering, Electrical Engineering, EnergyEngineering, Materials and Mechanical

Engineering, as well as industrial technology

transfer initiatives. All the Department activities aim

at reaching international levels of research

excellence by an interdisciplinary approach.

International cooperation with top Universities and

Research Centres is actively fostered.

Beside research, the Department is responsible for

teaching activities at B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. levels

concerning all curricula in Industrial Engineeringrelated to the above mentioned areas of research.

PLANNING STUDIO

UNIVERSITA DI PADOVADEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING


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For more information and details.

require the full version of the report contacting:


[email protected]

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