Closing Entries Chapter 7

叩切仕訳(第7章)

1. Work Sheet精算表

2. Closing Entries 締切仕訳

3. Post-closing Trial Balance締切後試算表

4. Accounting Cycle会計サイクル

第5章でのAdjustedTrial Balance (修正後残高試算表)の作成の後の会計サイクルでは財務諸表(第8章)へと進む。111買序は違うが第7章では当期の財務諸表が作成され、翌期の会計を始めるための締切仕訳を学ぶ。

7-1 Worksheet精算表

XY Company Worksheet: December 31，2口Ox

Account Title Trial Balance Adjustments Adj TIB Income Balance Sheet Statement

Dr Cr Dr Cr Dr Cr Dr Cr Dr Cr

Cash 2.360 2.360 2.360

Accounts receivable 2.400 2.400 2.400

Inventory 4口D 500 4口口 500 500

Marketable secur比les 460 460 460

Equipment 15.000 15.000 15.000

Accumulated deprec旧t旧n 2.890 230 3.120 3.120

Accounts payable 4.290 4.290 4.290

Income tax payable 520 520 520

Bonds payable 640 640 640

Common stock 4口00 4.000 4口00

Retained earnings 6口口 600 6口口

Sales 45.990 45.990 45.990

Purchases 23.4口D 400 500 23.300 23.300

Salaries expense 6.500 703 7.203 7.203

Travel expense 1.650 1.650 1.650

Interest expense 6.510 520 5.990 5.990

Income tax 250 250 250

58.930 58.930

Depreciat旧nexpense 230 230 230

Prepaid expense 520 520 520

Salaries payable 703 703 703

2.353 2.353 59.863 59.863

Net income 7.367 7.367

Plug number 45.990 45.990 21.240 21.240

Income Statement I mage XY Company

Income Statement (損益計算書)

For the year ended Dec. 31， 200x

Net sales (純売上)

Cost of goods sold (売上原価)

Gross profit (売上総利益)

Operating expenses (営業費)

Salaries expense (給料)

Travel expense (交通費)

Depreciation expense (減価償却費)

Operating profit (営業利益)

Other expense (その他費用)

Interest expense (支払い利息)

Income before income tax (税引前利益)

Income tax (法人税、等)

Net income (当期純利益)

7，203

1，650

230

$45，990

23，300

22，690

9，083

13β07

5，990

7，617

250

$7，367

8alance Sheet Imaae

Assets (資産の部)

Current assets: (流動資産)

Cash (現金)

Marketable securities (有価証券)

Accounts receivable (売借金)

Inventory (在庫)

Prepaid interest

Total current assets

XY Company

Balance Sheet (貸借対照表)

As of December 31， 200x

Liabilities & Eauitv (負債・資本の部)

Current liabilities: (流動負債)

$2，360 I Accounts payable (買借金)

460 I Salaries payable (未払給料)

2，400 I Income tax payable (未払税)

500 I Total current liabilities

520 I Non-current lia刷lities:(長期負債)

6，240 I Bonds payable (社債)

Property， plant & equipment: (有形固定資産) Total liabilities

Equipment (設備) 15，000 I Stockholders' equity: (資本)

Less accumulated depreciation (3，120)

Total property， plant & equipment 11，880

Common stock (普通株)

Retained earnings-beginning (利益剰余金)

Net income (当期純利益)

Total stockholders' equity

Total assets 辰五日 To凶 liabilities& st帥 hold郎 '叩比

$4，290

703

520

5，513

640

6，153

4，000

600

7，367

11，967

$18，120

7 -2 Closing Entries

締切仕訳

After preparing financial statements， accountants must prepare the ledger accounts to record the next period's transactions. This process is called “closing the books"， although transferring， summarizing， or clearing might be better labels

• A11 balances in the “temporarv" stockholders' eauitv accounts (revenue and expense accounts) are summarized and transferred to “permanent" stockholders' eauitv account町 RetainedIncome. Closing entries pe斤ormthis transfer

• Result of this transfer creates the retained income balance-end of period， which in turn becomes the retained income-beginning of period for the following fiscal year

• No asset or liability account is affected in this process

A new account called the income summarv account is used， but it is only used for this instant and merely keeps track of the process

この "IncomeSummary"という暫定的な通過勘定を使うということは非常に判りづらい。rpL勘定の残高を直接快etainedEamings"勘定!こ移すJほうが判りやすいと思う。

• Slight variations on this process occur in different companies， but the end result is always the same， revenue and expense account balances are “reset" to zero and net income generated during the period increases retained income

7-2 Closing Entries (2)

切仕訳(2)

Common Stock

I bal 500 bal

。、一

nド一

oiu「Ill1

+ー、一nu

間一切

ou

一

一一凶500 …f

同 5.500

くbegin.bal. >

Salaries expense

bal. 2.0∞| ハUm

oi》-

y-a

p--b

nu-

nu-

A

一

Rent expense

凶 τ高下一Cffice supplies expense

凶 8∞|

Accounts receivable

bal. 1.0∞| ω可

7 -2 Closing Entries (3)

切仕訳(3)

Common Stock

1 bal 500

一一凶 500

くbegin.bal. >

bal

Salaries expense

2.0∞I 2.000 cl国 l叩

bal

Rent expen

市0011.000 closing

Accounts receivable

bal. 1.0∞|

bal 500 1 500 closi叩

Revenue Income summary

closing 5.5

800

Off巴esupplies expense

bal 800 I 800 closing

bal ω可

5.500

1.000

500

8口口

7 -2 Closing Entries (3)

切仕訳(3)

Common Slock

I bal 500 bal 500 I 500 closi叩

一一凶Revenue Income summary

5.500 500 closing

くbegin.bal. > 1.000

500

8口口

bal

Salaries expense

2.0∞I 2.000 cl国 l叩 800 enlries ar

町んomeSumm叫 4.3∞ Renl expense Off巴esupplies expense / Cr. Salaries exp 2口口口

bal closing bal 800 800 closing /1 Renl exp 1口口口

Inleresl exp 500

Accounls receivable Cash Office supplies exp 800

bal bal and 、

Dr. Revenue 5.500

Cr. Income Summary 5.5口口

7-1 Closing Entries (4)

切仕訳(4)

Common Stock

1 bal 500 bal 500 1 500 closing

Retained earnings Revenue Income summary

5口D closing 5.500 2，000 I 5.500

1.200 1.000

1.700 5口D

Salaries expense Accounts payable 8口D

bal closing 800 -closing 1.200

bal

Rent expense

日0011，000 cl国 l時

Off巴esupplies expense

凶 8∞ 8∞ cl国 l時

Accounts receivable

bal. 1.0∞| bal ω可

7 -3 Post-closing Trial Balance

締切後試算表

• After the closing entries， no revenue or expense related accounts has an account balance They were closed

• Also notice that there is no Income Summary account as well

• These account balances are the initial balance to newly start recording the transactions of the following fiscal year

“A" Company

Post-closing Trial Balance

December 31， 20xO

Cash

Accounts receivable

Accounts payable

Common stock

Retained earnings

Dr

$2，000

1，000

$3，000

Cr

$800

500

1，700

$3，000

This becomes;

January 1，

20x 1 ba la nce

e

c

VJ

FUEν一

町白

川サ一

∞計一

向

会一

A『ウー

Accounting Cycle (会計サイクル)is a series of steps taken by the aCGountant to maintain a company's bo豆恒(帳簿)and prepare its financial statements (財務諸表)based on generally accepted accounting principles

仕訳

取引の一一二ノ、

/ 財務諸表

経理概念

経理倫理

精算表 総勘定元帳

ノ決算

仕訳