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4/10/2013 1 CLOSURE OF LARGE OROANTRAL FISTULA lh lh Essam Essam Saleh Saleh, MD , MD Prof of ORL Prof of ORLH&N Surg. H&N Surg. Alex. University, Egypt Alex. University, Egypt Oroantral Fistula persistent pathological communication between the maxillary sinus and the oral cavity Aetiology Aetiology Aetiology Aetiology The commonest is due to tooth extraction. It is commoner in males. Highest rate in the 3 rd decade Highest rate in the 3 decade. The commonest is in the upper 1 st molar area.

CLOSURE OF LARGE OROANTRAL FISTULA - · PDF fileCLOSURE OF LARGE OROANTRAL FISTULA EssamEssamSaSalhleh, MD Prof of ORL ... Palatal flap

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4/10/2013

1

CLOSURE OF LARGE OROANTRAL FISTULA

l hl hEssamEssamSalehSaleh, MD, MDProf of ORLProf of ORL‐‐H&N Surg.H&N Surg.Alex. University, EgyptAlex. University, Egypt

Oroantral Fistula persistent pathological communication between the maxillary sinus and  the oral cavity

AetiologyAetiologyAetiologyAetiology

The commonest is due to tooth extraction.

It is commoner in males.

Highest rate in the 3rd decadeHighest rate in the 3 decade.

The commonest is  in the upper 1st

molar area.

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In extraction , it is usually due to 

Plunging an elevator through the bony floor.

Forcing roots tips or tooth into the sinus.

Penetration while exposing impacted teeth.

Fracture of a segment of the alveolar process.

Aetiology

Destruction of the sinus walls by cyst or tumors.

Erosion of sinus wall by longstanding  dentoalveolarinfection.infection.

Faulty implant surgery

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Prolonged periapical infection

Prolonged periapical infection

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Faulty implant surgery

ManifestationsManifestations

Unilateral maxillary sinusitis.

Fetid discharge from the fistula.

Food & water regurge from the nose.

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ManagementManagement

Defects larger than 5 mm usually fail to close Defects larger than 5 mm usually fail to close spontaneouslyspontaneously

Fistula excision

ClosureSoft tissue ± Bony defect

+

Soft tissue   ± Bony defect

Maxillary Sinus management

±

ManagementManagement

Soft tissueSoft tissue

Palatal flapPalatal flap Palatal flapPalatal flap Palatal advancement rotation flap.Palatal advancement rotation flap.

Palatal pedicle island flap.Palatal pedicle island flap.

SubmucosalSubmucosal palatal flappalatal flap

BuccalBuccal FlapFlap BuccalBuccal FlapFlap BuccalBuccal advancement flapadvancement flap

BuccalBuccal pad of fat.pad of fat.

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Palatal FlapPalatal Flap

Palatal FlapPalatal Flap

AdvantagesAdvantages Good blood supply Good blood supply

Rotated without tension

Preserves the maxillary vestibular sulcus.

DisadvantagesDisadvantagesgg Raw areaRaw area

Bunching & kinking at flap base.Bunching & kinking at flap base.

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BuccalBuccal FlapFlap

BuccalBuccal FlapFlap

DisadvantagesDisadvantagesooObliteration of the vestibular Obliteration of the vestibular sulcussulcusooDifficult for large defectsDifficult for large defects

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ManagementManagementBony Defect ClosureBony Defect Closure

Why?Why? Oroantral fistulas are cavity dependent

Closure of large defects may fail by soft tissue covering lalone.

Rehabilitation for implants may be needed.

ManagementManagement

Bony Defect ClosureBony Defect Closure Cancellous bone.(Whitney JS et al.)

P l th l l t ( l b h h   Polymethylacrylate (Al‐Sibahi A, ShanoonA), hydroxylapatite blocks. (Zide M, Karas N.)

Transplantation of the upper third molar.(Kitagawa Y et al.)

Guided tissue regeneration & absorbable gelatin membrane.(Waldrop TC, Semba SE) 

Monocortical bone grafts (Haas R et al.)

Biosorbable root analogue.(Thoma K et al.)

SeptalSeptal CartilageCartilage

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Maxillary Sinus ManagementMaxillary Sinus Management

Traditional management is by g yCaldwellCaldwell‐‐Luc’s operationLuc’s operation and inferior inferior meatalmeatal antrosotomyantrosotomy..

Endoscopic sinus surgery Endoscopic sinus surgery is now the is now the method of choice.method of choice.

Our Management StrategyOur Management Strategy

Dental examination.

ENT examination.

Nasal endoscopy.

Preoperative antibiotics (Macrolides + Metronidazole)

CT scan PNS sinusesCT scan PNS sinuses

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ManagementManagementOur Technique For Large Difficult Our Technique For Large Difficult CasesCases Buccal Pyramidal Flap

Septal Cartilage for Bone Defect

++

±±FESS

BuccalBuccal Pyramidal FlapPyramidal Flap

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BuccalBuccal Flap ModificationsFlap Modifications

PeriostealPeriosteal incisionincision Pyramidal Pyramidal crevicularcrevicular incisionincision

SeptalSeptal cartilagecartilage

ClosurClosuree

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Post Operative CarePost Operative Care

Medications

Antibiotics (Amoxicillin clavulanate + (metronidazole or Clindamycin)

PrecautionsPrecautions opening mouth wide while sneezing

not sucking on a straw / cigarette

id bl i avoid nose blowing

Suture RemovalSuture Removal

10-14 days

PatientsPatients

11 cases, 9 males 2 females

Age : 18‐65 (mean39.5 yrs)g 5 ( 39 5 y )

8 revision surgery. 

4 diabetics, 1 irradiated.

Aetiology 9 tooth extraction, 1 primordial cyst  1 faulty implantprimordial cyst, 1 faulty implant.

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ResultsResults

Fistula size 8mm‐3.5 cm        (mean 1.4 cm) & involved (mean 1.4 cm) & involved >1 tooth in 3 cases.

2 cases had defect in anterior & inferior wall of the maxillary sinus.the maxillary sinus.

Concomitant FESS was performed in 4 cases.

Fistulas can appear smaller than their Fistulas can appear smaller than their actual sizeactual size

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ResultsResults

Complete closure in 10 cases (91.9%):(91.9%):9 99 9

7 case after 10 days

3 cases closed within 3 weeks.

1 case  (9.1%) failed

Follow‐up 1‐60 mon. (mean 17.5 months.)

ConclusionsConclusions

Buccal pyramidal flap is a viable alternative for soft tissue closure of Oroantral fistulafor soft tissue closure of Oroantral fistula.

Septal cartilage for defect closure is a simple, cost‐effective technique that assures an excellent success rate and allows for easier future sinus lift if dental implant is sought.g

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Prolonged periapical infection