Cloud Computing as Next Generation Architecture

8/8/2019 Cloud Computing as Next Generation Architecture

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Abstract - Computers used to work alone - inside a home or business. But

thanks to the Internet, we can now use the power of computers at a

completely different location - what we call "in the cloud”. Cloud

computing is Internet-based computing, whereby shared resources,

software, and information are provided to computers and other devices

on demand. The cloud is becoming increasingly associated with small

and medium enterprises (SMEs) as in many cases they cannot justify or

afford the large capital expenditure of traditional IT. SMEs also

typically have less existing infrastructure, less bureaucracy, more

flexibility, and smaller capital budgets for purchasing in-housetechnology. Similarly, SMEs in emerging markets are typically

unburdened by established legacy infrastructures, thus reducing the

complexity of deploying cloud solutions. A customer on a budget-

maintaining their own business costs a lot. Plus, it’s hard to know how

much resource he need. His business suffers when the business cannot

cope up with resources. Now he know about a new kind of company that

has an unlimited fleet of resources that can be used on an needed basis-

and he only pay for what he uses. Now he can depend on other company

to handle the business. He has websites, servers and database that all

have to be maintained at headquarters. It’s a huge expense, and a big

worry. The business is constantly running out of storage space and

fixing broken servers. Then here the customer gets benefited from cloud

computing which works a lot like his business process. Instead of

managing important technology on-site, customer can depend on a new

kind of company to help take away the pain. That have all the computerpower customer needs and its all secure, backed up at another location

and accessible through the Web –what people call “in the cloud”. But

that's not all. Cloud computing means computers don't have to limit

their business. Because Cloud companies have nearly unlimited storage

and resources, they can grow without worry. And because the servers

are normally backed up in multiple locations, their information is safe.

But what they really love is only paying for what they use. If business is

slow, their computing costs can go down too. Cloud Computing also

means they can use new kinds of services that live in the cloud and are

only accessible through the web. When they needs a new application

system, they have a choice: installing and supporting one on-site, or

using a product that lives in the cloud and works using her web

browser. From email, to word processing or photo sharing - cloud

computing also works for you and me. We can use products that live in

the cloud, are always backed up, accessible from any Internetconnection, and safe from spilled coffee. Cloud computing means we

have new choices. Businesses and individuals can spend less time

worrying about technology and focus on what matters.

Index terms: Software as a Service(SaaS), Virtualization, Green

Computing, Interoporability, Server consolidation.

I. INTRODUCTION

Cloud computing is a byproduct and consequence of the ease-of -access to

remote computing sites provided by the Internet. “Cloud is simply a

metaphor for the internt. Users do not have or need knowledge,

ownership in the computer infrastructure. Users simply rent or ac

software, paying only for what they use. According to IEEE It is a para

which information is permanently stored in servers on the Internet and

temporarily on clients that include desktops, entertainment cente

computers, notebooks, wall computers, handhelds, etc.[1] Whereas a

to MIT Technology Review it is the idea of relying on Web-based ap

and storing date in the “CLOUD”[2]. Wikipedia has a similar descri

that of IEEE which describes it as a paradigm shift whereby det

abstracted from the users who no longer need knowledge or, experti

control over the technology infrastructure “in the CLOUD” that suppor

[3]

fig: (a) an overview on Cloud Coomputing

II. HISTORY

Concept dating back to the 1960's by John McCarthy, a computer s

brought up the idea that “computation may someday be organized as

utility”. The two ideas that revolutionized Cloud Computing are

Computing and Grid Computing. “In some ways, the cloud is a natu

step from the grid-utility model,” said Frank Gens, an analyst at the

firm IDC.

Amazon initiated, and launched Amazon Web Services on a utility co

basis in 2006.[4][5] In 2007, Google, IBM and a number of univ

embarked on a large scale cloud computing research project.[6] I

2010, Microsoft's CEO, Steve Ballmer, made his strongest statement o

the company's future in the cloud by proclaiming “For the cloud, we'r

and further starting “About 75 percent of our folks are doing entire

based or entirely cloud inspired, a year from now that will be 90 percen

Cloud Ccomputing as a Next Generation ArchitecturChandan Prasad Gupta

Bsc, CME, Vth Semester

St. Philomena’s College

Bannimantapa, Mysore – 570015, India

[email protected]

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III. CLOUD COMPUTIVE FOR SMEs

The cloud is becoming increasingly associated with small and medium

enterprises (SMEs) as in many cases they cannot justify or afford less

bureaucracy, more flexibility, and smaller capital budgets for purchasing

in-house technology. Similarly, SMEs in emerging markets are typicallyunburdened by established legacy infrastructures, thus reducing the

complexity of deploying cloud solutions. [8]. In situations where the

capital expenses would be relatively small, or where the organization has

more flexibility in their capital budget than the scale of any potential cost

savings include the efficiency of a company's data center as compared to

the cloud vendor's, the company's existing operating costs, the level of

adoption of cloud computing, and the type of functionality being hosted in

the cloud. [9] [10]

IV. SERVICES

Amongst the services provided by Cloud Computing, Software is the best

one. Defined as service-on-demand, where a provider will license software

tailored. Customers' tun applications off their infrastructure, but

transparent to the end user. Customers can utilize greater computing power

while saving on cost, space, power consumption and facility. Cloud also

offers platform as a service. It provides all the facilities necessary to

support the complete process of building and delivering web applications

and services, which are all available over the Internet. The platforms can

be altered transparently depending upon the customers' unique needs.

Infrastructure: as it is fully outsourced service so no business need to

purchase servers, softwares or equipment. It allows cost savings for the

service

providers, since they don not need to operate their own data-center. And

also the ad-hoc system allow quick customization to consumer demands.

V. LAYERS

The first layer is cloud client which consists of computer hardware and

software which are dependent on the cloud for the services and the

applications delivery. Phones, computers, operating systems and browsers

can be taken as the cloud client's example. [11][12]. The second layer is

Applications and the term “Software as a Service(SaaS)” is often used to

refer it. This level is where the service provider provides the applications,

its maintenance, uses and support. Access to management of softwares

which are commercially available, access to applications remotely via the

Web, delivery of the applications and update of centralized feature which

helps in downloading patches and upgrades. The next level is whichcomprises of cloud infrastructure and sustains cloud applications known as

Platform services or “Platform as a Service (PaaS)”. The platform

visualization is the next layer which is referred to as “Infrastructure as a

Service (IaaS)” and it provides a virtual availability of servers, softwares,

data-center space or network equipments. IaaS evolved from virtual

private server offering. [13] The base-most layer is server layer consisting

computer hardware and software products which also includes multi-core

processors, cloud-specific operating system and combined offerings. [56].

fig (b): Cloud Layers

VI. ARCHITECTURE

The system architecture of Cloud Computing typically involves multip

components communicating with each other over application progr

interfaces, usually which is web services. The multiple programs eac

one thing properly and working together over universal interfaces.

typical Unix Philosophy.

The two components, front end which is the part seen be the client whi

includes client's network and the back which is cloud itself which cons

various computers, servers and data storage devices. [15]

VII. VIRTUALIZATION

Virtualization is “something which is not REAL, but displays the full

of the REAL”. A software implementation of a machine that

programs like a real machine. The advantages of virtualization are-

A. Server Consolidation

B. Testing and development

C. Virtual Recovery

D. Reduced infrastructure cost

E. Green Computing (Power Utilization)F. Virtualization- The Cloud Computing Enabler

There are also disadvantages of using virtualizations like-

A. Physical failuresB. Low PerformanceC. New management tools

D. Virtual machine sprawl



VIII. PROS

The best thing Cloud Computing offers is “pay for what you use”. Since the

end users gets reduces hardware equipments and improved performance

there is always need of lower hardware and software maintenance. They are

accessible to instant software updates and which is always less expensive.

Flexibility is a huge plus and customers' need not invest on multiple

licensing.

IX. CONS

Security is the number one issue in Cloud Computing which may be

delaying its option. [19] There had been discussion on whether the internal

management or cloud management.[20] The Cloud Security Alliance is a

non-profit organization formed to promote the use of best practices for

providing security assurance within Cloud Computing.[21] Another big

issue is Internet Connection as only one access point so far has been made

available for all the customer's which doesn't give consistent connection. A

number of Platforms always make customers ponder on which one tochoose. Location of Servers is another issue. Transition time and speed are

still issues to be solved in Cloud Computing.

X. MAJOR CLOUD PROVIDERS

A. Amazon web services: They provide Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud

“Amazon EC2”. They specially work for the web-scale computing making

easir for developers. Here developers onl pay for the capacity that they

actually use.

B. Google 100: Network made up of millions of cheap servers that would

store staggering amount of data, including numerous copies of the worldwide web. They make search faster and answer billiions of queries in

fraction of a second. Google spend more that $2 billion a year in data-

centers for cloud computing.

C. Salesforce.com: Salesforce.com is best known for Customer

Relationship Management to businesses over the internet using the SaaS

model.

D. Microsoft Azure: Recently microsoft went open source with their cloud

operating system calsed Azure which provides the platfomr hosted in

Microsoft data-centers. They provide a range of functionality to build

applications that span from consumer web to enterprise scenarios.

E. IBM's CloudBurst: IBM are deeloping cloud computing applications

for the everyday user called CloudBusrt. It also offers “private” cloud

computing services using IBM blue services on softwares. [22]

XI. CONCLUSION

The cloud is becoming increasingly associated with small and medium

enterprises (SMEs) as in many cases they cannot justify or afford the large

capital expenditure of traditional IT. SMEs also typically have less

existing infrastructure, less bureaucracy, more flexibility, and smaller

capital budgets for purchasing in-house technology. Open Source is

leading the market today and all the cloud providers including Microsoft is

moving towards open source. “Pay for what you use” is the best thing with

cloud and nobody wants to pay for what they have not used. Hence,

although there are some issues and security risks in this, Cloud Computing

is surely going to be an architechture of next generation and in

movement has already started.

REFERENCES

[1] IEEE http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/hardware/the-cloud-is-the-comput

[2] MIT Technology Review http://www.technologyreview.com/briefings/cloud

[3] Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing

[4] Jeff Bezos' Risky Bet

[5] [1]

[6] Google and I.B.M. Join in 'Cloud Computing' Research

[7] Gartner Says Worldwide IT Spending On Pace to Surpass $3.4 Trillion in 2

Gartner, 2008-08-18. Retrieved 2009-09-11.

[8] SMBs cloud computing adoption: the future’s bright -Bime - SAAS Busines

Intelligence (BI)

[9] Paul, Fredric. "1 Midsize Organization Busts 5 Cloud Computing Myths".

Bmighty.com. http://www.bmighty.com/services/showArticle.jhtml?

articleID=211600030. Retrieved 2010-08-22.

[10] "Cloud Computing Savings – Real or Imaginary?". Appirio.com. 2009-04-

http://www.appirio.com/blog/2009/04/cloud-computing-savings-real-or.php. Re

2010-08-22."Microsoft's cloud operating system, Windows Azure, to go live in

Geek.com. 2009-11-18.

[11] http://www.geek.com/articles/news/microsofts-cloud-operating-system-wi

azure-to-go-live-in-january-20091118/. Retrieved 2010-08-22.

[12]. by Brian BraikerSeptember 02, 2008 (2008-09-02). "The Cloud's Chrome

Newsweek.com. http://www.newsweek.com/id/156911. Retrieved 2010-08-22.

[13] "EMC buys Pi and forms a cloud computing group" Searchstorage.techtarg

2008-02-21.

http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid5_gci1301852,00.ht

Retrieved 2010-08-22.

[14] Myslewski, Rik (2009-12-02). "Intel puts cloud on single megachip".

Theregister.co.uk. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/12/02/intel_scc/. Retrieved

08-22.

[15] "Building GrepTheWeb in the Cloud, Part 1: Cloud Architectures".

Developer.amazonwebservices.com.

http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/entry.jspa?

externalID=1632&categoryID=100. Retrieved 2010-08-22.

[16] SMBs cloud computing adoption: the future’s bright -Bime - SAAS Busin

Intelligence (BI)

[17] Paul, Fredric. "1 Midsize Organization Busts 5 Cloud Computing Myths".

Bmighty.com. http://www.bmighty.com/services/showArticle.jhtml?

articleID=211600030. Retrieved 2010-08-22.

[18] "Cloud Computing Savings – Real or Imaginary?". Appirio.com. 2009-04

http://www.appirio.com/blog/2009/04/cloud-computing-savings-real-or.php. R2010-08-22.

[19] “Are security issues delaying adoption of cloud computing?". Networkworhttp://www.networkworld.com/news/2009/042709-burning-security-cloud-computing.html. Retrieved 2010-08-22.

[20] "Security of virtualization, cloud computing divides IT and security pros". Networkworld.com. 2010-02-22. http://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/0virtualization-cloud-security-debate.html. Retrieved 2010-08-22.

[21] "Cloud Security Alliance Official web page". Cloudsecurityalliance.org.http://www.cloudsecurityalliance.org/. Retrieved 2010-08-22.

[22]. http://www.helium.com/items/1951964-top-10-cloud-computing-service

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Cloud Computing as Next Generation Architecture