Cloud Computing: Introduction and Research Perspective

International Conference on Computing and Intelligence Systems Volume: 04, Special Issue: March 2015 Pages: 1364 1367 ISSN: 2278-2397

International Journal of Computing Algorithm (IJCOA) 1364

Cloud Computing: Introduction and Research Perspective

M. Sivasakthi,1 M. Nester Jeyakumar2

1HOD of MCA & CS, MASS College of Arts and Science, Kumbakonam 2 Department of Computer Science, Loyola College (Autonomous), Chennai

Abstract-Over the last few years, cloud computing

paradigm has witnessed an enormous shift towards its adoption and it has become a trend in the information technology space as it promises significant cost reductions and new business potential to its users and providers. In this paper, we aim to attain an understanding of the cloud architecture, cloud styles, issues and challenges of cloud computing. Further, it will provide a good foundation to focus the research on cloud computing.

Keywords-Cloud Architecture; Cloud style; Cloud computing; Issues; Challenge

I. INTRODUCTION Cloud computing is the delivery of computing

services over the Internet. However there are more than 20 definitions of cloud computing that seem to only focus on certain aspects of this technology [12]. Mean while, Oracle CEO L. Ellison thinks that cloud computing is nothing more than "everything that we currently do" [9].

According to Gartner [11] Cloud Computing is the first among the top 10 mostimportant technologies and with a better prospect insuccessive years by companies and organizations.In July 2010, Rackspace Hosting and NASA jointly launched an open-source cloud-software initiative known as OpenStack which is intended to help organizations offer cloud computing services running on standard hardware. In March 1, 2011, IBM announced the IBM SmartCloud framework to support Smarter Planet.In June 7, 2012, Oracle announced the Oracle Cloud. While aspects of the Oracle Cloud are still in development, this cloud offering is posed to be the first to provide users with access to an integrated set of IT solutions, including the Applications (SaaS), Platform (PaaS), and Infrastructure (IaaS) layers.In May 2014, HP announced HP Helion and made available a preview of HP HelionOpenStack Community, beginning with the IceHouse release. HP has operated HP Helion Public Cloud on OpenStack since 2012.

Benefits of Cloud computing are enormous. The most important one is that the customers dont need to buy the resource from a third party vendor, instead they can use the resource and pay for it as a service thus helping the customer to save time and money.Cloud is not only for Multinational companies but its also being used by small and medium enterprises.Applications of cloud computing are practically limitless it may be applied to solve

problems in manydomains of Information Technology like GIS (Geographical Information Systems), Scientific Research [8], e-GovernanceSystems [26], Decision Support Systems [7], ERP [10], Web Application Development [23], Mobile Technology [29] etc.

The organization of the paper is as follows. Section 2 depicts cloud computing in India. Section 3 explains the architecture of cloud computing. Section 4 enlightens the types of cloud computing. Section 5 highlights the few research projects in cloud computing. Section 6 substantiates the research challenges in cloud computing. Section 7concludes the paper.

II. CLOUD COMPUTING REVOLUTION IN INDIA

Oracle has a plan to hire 200 people to ramp up cloud business in India. With a view to explore the promise of adopting a cloud-based application and data access model to revolutionize its e-governance initiatives, the government of India is planning to migrate critical information infrastructure on the cloud. To build the backbone of national e-governance plan, the Department of Information Technology intends to establish a national cloud-based network which would link all the data centers of the 28 states and 7 Union Territories (UTs) of the country. Not only would this enable the states and UTs to get their own private cloud, this plan would also assist in the timely implementation and delivery of varied government to citizen and government to business services via the cloud. Once implemented, the infrastructure would help the government to share critical information across departments via common IT resources. Another example which shows the renewed focus of the government on e-governance projects is the Unique ID Authority of Indias UID project.The UID system, which is expected to serve as a repository of over 1.2 billion biometric records, is set to become one of the largest cloud-based services in the world.CII (Confederation of Indian Industry) believes that Cloud Computing as a disruptive technology and business model offers an accelerator approach for economic growth as it connects people to data, information and computing resources anywhere and anytime.

All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) is a cloud based Quality Improvement, Quality



Assurance and Reporting solution for Higher Education Institutions in India, with modules for NAAC, AISHE DCF II, Annual reports, IQAC.

III. ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUD

COMPUTING

Essential Characteristics Broad network access: Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs) Rapid elasticity:Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned - in some cases automatically - to quickly scale out; and rapidly released to quickly scale in. Measured service:Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource usage by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service. On-demand self-service: A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities such as server time and network storage as needed automatically, without requiring human interaction with a service provider. Cloud Service Models are SaaS (Software as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service) and IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) (These models are enlightened in the next chapter). Cloud Deployment Models Public Cloud:The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services. Private Cloud: The cloud infrastructure is operated solely for a single organization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party, and may exist on-premises or off-premises. Community Cloud:The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, or compliance considerations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises. Hybrid Cloud: The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary

technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load-balancing between clouds).

IV. MAJOR CLOUD COMPUTING STYLE The services of cloud computing are Software-as-

a-Service (SaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) [30][1].

SaaS: This kind of cloud computing transfer programs to millions of users through browser. In the users views, this can save some cost on servers and software. Salesforce.com is so far the most famous company that provides this kind of service. SAAS is commonly used in human resource management system and ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning). Google Apps such as: gmail, google docs, google calendar etc, Microsoft 365, Salesforce and Zoho Office is also providing this kind of service.

PaaS: Platform as a service, another SAAS, this kind of cloud computing providing development environment as a service. You can use the middlemans equipment to develop your own program and transfer it to the users through internet and servers. examples are Google App Engine [9] and Microsofts Azure Services Platform.

IaaS: Infrastructure-as-a-Service is the delivery of huge computing resources such as the capacity of processing,storage and network. Sometimes the IaaS is also called Hardware-as-a-Service (HaaS). Google Compute Engine, Amazon Web Services (AWS) EC2 and S3 (http://aws.amazon.com/) are popular IaaS examples.

V. CLOUD COMPUTING REEARCH PROJECTS

Such ongoing research projects around the globe are [3][5]

Country Name of the project

Rationale/purpose

INDIA Meghraj To accelerate delivery of e-services in the country, while optimizing information and communications technology (ICT).

U.S Nebulas to use "distributed voluntary resources -- those donated by end-user hosts -- to form nebulas"

U.S CloudViews It is a HadoopHBase-supported common storage system being developed by the researchers "to facilitate collaboration through protected



inter-service data sharing."

Germany Trusted Cloud Computing Platform

To enables Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) providers such as Amazon EC2 to provide a closed box execution environment that guarantees confidential execution of guest virtual machines.

U.S Private Virtual Infrastructure (PVI) and Locator Bot

To provide a symbiotic security stance that can be very powerful provided both user and provider hold up their end of the agreement.

U.S Trading storage for computation

Researchers are looking at the trade-offs between storing data, including data that might not be called on that often, and simply recalculating results as needed

VI. RESEARCH CHALLENGES IN CLOUD COMPUTING

Security & privacy includes ensuring security and privacy of sensitive data held by banks, medical and research facilities [2]. Security and privacy issues become even more serious when governmental institutions use the cloud [33]. Security and privacy of data spans issues such as authentication [31], encryption [14], and detection of malware, side channel attacks [27] and other kinds of attacks [15] both internal and external to an enterprise [4]. Data management is enabling more data-intensive applications at the extreme scale; the demand is increasing for effective data management systems [1]. One main topic in this category is data storage [6][32]. Service management is an urgent need for automating service provisioning and making it more dynamic [22]. Automatic combination of services has also been suggested [25]. Another challenge is related to the ability to provide customizable and more context-aware [22] services. Infrastructure including topics likeSaaS placement problems, server allocation optimization, load balancing and many other [18]. Interoperabilityisthe major adoption barrier because of the risk of a vendor lock-in such problems are: the lack of standard interfaces and open APIs, and the

lack of open standards for VM formats [16] and service deployment interfaces [22]. Software challenges in the Cloud is not abundant but it covers a wide range of topics. Mohagheghiet al. [20] discussed the challenges associated with migrating legacy systems to the cloud Software evolution is another major challenge according to [24] given that it could result in service unavailability and version inconsistency in multi-tiered systems. Legal issues, Laws and regulations vary widely across different regions and jurisdictions as to where and how data should be stored, processed, and used [19].

VII. CONCLUSION Cloud computing has the potential to become a

frontrunner in promoting a secure,virtual and economically viable IT solution in the future.As the development of cloud computing technology is still at an early stage, this paper presents better understanding of cloud computing including its architecture and style, the research challenges in cloud computing. Further, the review concludes that more number research project in cloud computing by U.S. and the security issues are most widely repeated area forresearch.

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Cloud Computing: Introduction and Research Perspective