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CMM 201 Foundations of Mass Communication -- Professor
Walters 1
News
CMM 201 Foundations of Mass Communication -- Professor
Walters 2
The First Amendment
“Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or of the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.”
CMM 201 Foundations of Mass Communication -- Professor
Walters 3
The First Amendment
“Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or of the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.”
CMM 201 Foundations of Mass Communication -- Professor
Walters 4
The First Amendment
“Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or of the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.”
CMM 201 Foundations of Mass Communication -- Professor
Walters 5
The First Amendment
“Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or of the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.”
CMM 201 Foundations of Mass Communication -- Professor
Walters 6
Associated Press -- http://www.ap.org/
In 1844 Samuel Morse had invented the telegraph. AP was started in 1848 – N.Y. papers sharing stories By 1861, the Civil War was major continuing story. “The Inverted Pyramid” – tell the most important
information first, in case the telegraph wires were cut before the story was complete: Who What Where When
CMM 201 Foundations of Mass Communication -- Professor
Walters 7
What is news?
Chet Huntley: “News is what I decide is news.”
It becomes news only when it is reported. The individual journalist often makes that
decision. Recent UD grads are often making those
decisions.
CMM 201 Foundations of Mass Communication -- Professor
Walters 8
Typical American value system Ethnocentrism – “foreign” “enemy troops” Democracy & Capitalism Small town pastoralism – Mayberry, Kuralt Social order concern
CMM 201 Foundations of Mass Communication -- Professor
Walters 9
Bias?
Persistent perception … BUT 1971 – 1983 studies by Johnsone, Weaver,
and Wilhoit – p. 259 Comparing Gallop research with journalists’
demographics U.S. journalists mirror U. S. society.
CMM 201 Foundations of Mass Communication -- Professor
Walters 10
Why the bias perception?
News, by its very nature is concerned with change.
Change is usually more interesting than status quo.
Change is threatening. Journalists view their role as that of
watchdogs on the government.
CMM 201 Foundations of Mass Communication -- Professor
Walters 11
Variables Affecting News
News Hole News Flow News Staffing Perception of the organization’s audience Availability of Material Competition Advertiser Influence Corporate Policy Source Pressure
CMM 201 Foundations of Mass Communication -- Professor
Walters 12
Gatekeepers
Investigative Journalism
Criteria: Accuracy, Balance, Fairness Interpretation Original Content / Packaging
OTHER TOPICS
Web news resources
Soft News