Cnap 3 05 Switches Ko

7/27/2019 Cnap 3 05 Switches Ko

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CNAP Semester 3: Switching Basics and

Intermediate Routing

Module 5

SWITCHES

Version 3.0Cisco Regional Networking Academymailto: [email protected]


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Objectives

Understand the design issues associated with the

Layer 1, 2, and 3 LAN structure, or topology

Understanding the role of each layer and thenchoosing the switches best suited for that layer

ensures the best network performance for LANusers.


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Table of Content

1 LAN design2 LAN switches


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LAN DESIGN


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LAN design goals

The first step in designing a LAN is to

establish and document the goals of thedesign:

Functionality

Scalability

Adaptability

Manageability


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LAN design considerations

The function and placement of servers Collision detection issues

Segmentation issues

Broadcast domain issues


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LAN Segmentation

Segmentation is the process of splitting a single

collision domain into two or more collisiondomains.

Layer 2 devices such as bridges and switchesreduce the size of a collision domain.

Routers reduce the size of the collision domain andthe size of the broadcast domain at Layer 3.


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LAN design methodology

1. Gather requirements and expectations

2. Analyze requirements and data

3. Design the Layer 1, 2, and 3 LAN structure, ortopology

4. Document the logical and physical networkimplementation


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LAN topology


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Layer 1 design

Choose cable type.

Identify work area and HCC.

Identify MDF, IDF, HCC, VCC and POP.

Choose Ethernet or Fast Ethernet.

Documentation and physical diagrams


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Example: Wiring closet location


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Example: Wiring closet layout

3.50m.

4.

00m.

Rack 1


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Example: Rack layout

1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 41 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 87 8 9 1 0 1 1 121 2 3 4 5 6

4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 83 7 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 23 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 62 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0

1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 41 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 87 8 9 1 0 1 1 121 2 3 4 5 6

4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 83 7 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 23 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 62 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0

1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 41 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 87 8 9 1 0 1 1 121 2 3 4 5 6

4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 83 7 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 23 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 62 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0

1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 41 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 87 8 9 1 0 1 1 121 2 3 4 5 6

4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 83 7 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 23 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 62 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0

POWERFAULT DATA ALARM

Class Room 1

Class Room 3

Class Room 2

Backbone and

Server Farm

C2924XL - Wg1

C2924XL - Wg2 Mail Server

Router 3662

PIX Firewall

HDSL


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Example: User location

3.50m.

2.0

0m.

7.0

0m.

5.00m. 6.00m.

3.0

0m.

1.40m. 1.80m.

4.00m. 5.00m.

1.40m.6.20m.

1.8

0m.

7.00m.

7.00m.


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Example: Cable run Rack

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP

UTP UTP

UT

PU

TP

UT

PU

TP

UTP

6

18

32

8

4

16

28

68


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Example: Logical Diagram


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Example: Cable documentation


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Layer 2 design

The purpose of Layer 2 devices in the network is toprovide flow control, error detection, error

correction, and to reduce congestion in thenetwork.

Another important characteristic of a LAN switch is

how it can allocate bandwidth on a per-port basis,thus allowing more bandwidth to vertical cabling,uplinks, and servers.


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The size of collision domains

Determine how many hosts are physicallyconnected to any single port on the switch.

Determine how much network bandwidth is

available to any host.


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Bandwidth domains


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Bandwidth everage


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HUB placement

Shared-media hubs are generally used in a LAN

switch environment to create more connectionpoints at the end of the horizontal cable runs.

This is an acceptable solution, but you must ensurethat:

Collision domains are kept small.

Bandwidth requirements to the host are accomplished.


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Layer 3 design

Allows for segmentation of the LAN into unique

physical and logical networks. Allow for connectivity to wide-area networks

(WANs), such as the Internet.

Layer 3 determines traffic flow between uniquephysical network segments based on Layer 3addressing.


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VLAN and broadcast domains

By using VLANs, you can limit broadcast traffic towithin a VLAN and thus create smaller broadcastdomains.

VLANs can also be used to provide security bycreating the VLAN groups according to function.


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VLAN implementation


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LAN SWITCHES


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Access

Layer2 switching

Distribution

Layer3 switchingCore

Layer2/Layer3 switching

Hierarchical design model


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Switched LANs, access layer overview

Shared bandwidth Switched bandwidth

MAC layer filtering

Microsegment


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Access layer switches

Catalyst 1900 series

Catalyst 2820 series Catalyst 2950 series



Catalyst 4000

Catalyst 1912


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Distribution layer overview

Aggregation of the wiring closet connections

Broadcast/multicast domain definition

Virtual LAN (VLAN) routing

Any media transitions that need to occur

Security


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Distribution layer switches

Catalyst 2926G

Catalyst 5000 family

Catalyst 6000 family


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Core layer overview

The core layer is a high-speed switching backbone.

This layer of the network design should not performany packet manipulation.


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Core layer switches

Catalyst 6500 series Catalyst 8500 series

IGX 8400 series

Lightstream 1010

Catalyst 8540

Catalyst 1010


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Summary

Design issues associated with Layers 1, 2, and 3

The functions of each layer in the three-layer model

Cisco access layer switches and their features

Cisco distribution layer switches and their features

Cisco core layer switches and their features


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Q&A


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Documents

Cnap 3 05 Switches Ko