Phonation: Dysphonia

Articulation: Dysarthria

Language: Dysphasia

Types of Dysphasia

Sensory dysphasia (receptive or Wernicke’s) Motor dysphasia (expressive or Broca’s) Nominal dysphasia Global dysphasia (both motor and sensory)

Dysphasia is a disorder of language; dysarthria is a disorder of speech.

Broca area - posterior part of inferior frontal gyrus ; frontal lobe in dominant hemisphere

Wernicke area - superior temporal gyrus ; temporal lobe in dominant hemisphere

Bulbar palsy

Pseudobulbar palsy

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

Ipsilateral ContraleralAbove the level of lesion - -At the level of lesion LMN lesion -Below the level of lesion Loss of vibration and

proprioception sense (posterior column tract)

UMN lesion

Loss of pain and temperature (spinothalamic tract)

Thenar muscles

Hypothenar muscles

Median Nerve

Ulnar Nerve

Radial Nerve

Facial Nerve Palsy

UMN LMNSite of lesionInvolved areaBell phenomenon Absent May be presentTaste sensation Not affected May be affectedHyperacusisFacial wasting / atrophy