Dr. Hardik Shah, IAS Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

Government of India

CO-PROCESSING OF WASTES FOR SUSTAINABILITY :

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES - GUJARAT EXPERIENCE

WHAT IS WASTE?

Waste is any substance which is discarded after primary use, or it is worthless, defective and of no use

STRUCTURE OF PRESENTATION

Ø  Co-processing

Ø  GPCB’s Approach

Ø  Initiatives and Strategy by GPCB

Ø  Current scenario (2009-18)

Ø  Challenges

Ø  Advantages of co-processing

Ø  Role of stakeholders to boost up co-processing

Ø  Way Forward

CO-PROCESSING DEFINITION Co-processing is the use of waste as

(i) Raw material, (ii) Source of energy, or (iii) Both To a)  Replace natural mineral resources b)  Replace fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, gas Mainly in Cement, Lime, Steel, Glass, Power generation

(Energy Intensive Industries)

Waste materials used for co-processing are referred as AFR i.e. Alternative Fuel and Raw material

WHY CO-PROCESSING?

Ø  Co-processing is accepted in Basel Convention

Ø  In Montreal protocol for disposal of POPs Co-processing has been accepted as an environment friendly technology

Ø  Waste co-processing is widely accepted and very successful in countries like Germany, Norway, Austria etc.

Ø  CPCB organized workshop with SINTEF - GPCB took initiatives and is now a frontrunner in co-processing in India

Ø  Co-processing is added as preferential mechanism over waste disposal in Hazardous & Other Waste (M&TM) Rules 2016

Ø  The approval process for co-processing of hazardous waste is put-up on emission norms basis rather than on trial basis

Ø  Emission Standards for co-processing are notified by MoEFCC 6

Background of Co-processing

A proactive approach,

i.  Facilitator instead of merely a regulator

ii.  Team work and collaboration with stakeholders instead of “Command and Control”

iii.  Micro level initiatives e.g. Execution of Project “Know your waste”

iv.  Provided category wise list to all Regional offices followed by Region-wise awareness programmes

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GPCB’S APPROACH

STRATEGY ADOPTED TO PROMOTE CO-PROCESSING

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INITIATIVES BY GPCB Ø  One to one meeting with cement plants & waste generators

Ø  Meetings with Urban local bodies to enhance the rate of co-processing

of MSW

Ø  Monthly Review at MS & Chairman level

Ø  Encourage pre-processing facilities in each industrial clusters

Ø  Identification of waste disposal problems of clusters

Ø  Availability of Waste Characterization report

Ø  A web based portal (XGN) has been developed for identifying suitable

waste for co-processing to the cement industry – WASTE EXCHANGE

PLATFORM

Ø  Online tracking system for the movement of hazardous and other wastes

IMPORTANT PARTNERS OF CO-PROCESSING

(A) Cement Mills :

1.Ambuja Cement Ltd – Gir Somnath

2.Ultratech Cement Ltd – Kovaya Works

3.Ultratech Cement Ltd – Jafrabad Works

4.Ultratech Cement Ltd – Sevagram, Kutch

5.Gujarat Sidhee Cement Ltd – Junagadh

6.Sanghi Industries Ltd – Kutch

7.Shree Digvijay Cement Co. Ltd – Jamnagar

8.Saurashtra Cement Ltd – Porbandar

9. Hi- Bond Cement Ltd. – Rajkot

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(B) Preprocessing Facility : 1.  Ambuja Cement Ltd – Gir Somnath

(Capacity : 1,50,000 MTPA). 2. Recycling Solutions Pvt. Ltd.(RSPL),

Panoli (Capacity :29200 MTPA).

3. Bharuch Enviro Infrastructure Ltd (BEIL)., Ankleshwar

(Capacity : 16000 MTPA) 4.  Nandesari Environmental Control

Limited (NECL), Vadodara (Capacity : 18000 MTPA) 5.  Saurashtra Enviro Projects Pvt Ltd,

Kutch (Capacity: 36000 MTPA) 6.  NEPRA, Ahmedabad

PRE-PROCESSING FACILITY •  Pre-processing facility is a battlefield for the co-processing •  Provides platform to prepare waste mix liquid/ solid from

various wastes generated in industries that can be use for co-processing.

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PRE-PROCESSINGFACILITY

Grab Crane Closed Conveyor

Arm Handler Impregnation shredder

PRE-PROCESSINGFACILITY

TOTAL WASTE CO-PROCESSED : 2009-10 TO 2018-19

Yearwise status is from April to March. In 2018-19,data upto October, 2018 14

15693 22345 171604 181220

549424

2823305

3815050 4178530 4433559

2288802

18479532

0

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

12000000

14000000

16000000

18000000

20000000

2009-'10 2010-'11 2011-'12 2012-'13 2013-'14 2014-'15 2015-'16 2016-'17 2017-'18 2018-19*(Sept) Total

Total Waste Co-processed (MT)

2009-18

* SRS Data Yearwise status is from April to March. In 2018-19,data upto October, 2018 15

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

2009-'10 2010-'11 2011-'12 2012-'13 2013-'14 2014-'15 2015-'16 2016-'17 2017-18 2018-19 (Sept)

Total

0 0 515

29,716 51,687

31,990

52,747

94,148 79,432

40,574

3,80,810

Total Plastic Waste Co-processed (MT)

INNOVATIONS IN APPROACHES AND PRACTICES - NOVEL SPENT ACID MANAGEMENT

Untreated / partially treated

spent acid disposal

Till mid / late 90s

Contaminted Gypsum Sludge for Disposal in

TSDF

Upto 2014

Gypsum Sludge into

Cement Industries

as Raw Material

@ 4.5 Lakh Tonnes

2014 onwards

Acid transporte

d to Cement Plants

(where the limestone

is…) @35000 Tonnes

2016

onwards

* SRS Data Yearwise status is from April to March. In 2018-19,data upto October, 2018 17

0

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

12000000

14000000

16000000

18000000

20000000

Alternate Raw Material

Alternate Fuel Total (MT)

13899494

4578905

18478399.00

Total Waste Co-processed (MT)

From 2009 to Sept-18*

Ø  Mindset tuned to conventional practices

Ø  Small quantity of hazardous waste in Small and Medium Enterprises

Ø  Source Segregation of Municipal Solid Waste - Economic non-viability for

utilization of RDF in Cement Kilns

Ø  Variation in wastes characteristics leads to frequent change in operational

parameters & blend ratio

Ø  Limitation on chloride & fluoride contents in wastes – otherwise corrosion in

cement kiln & stacks

Ø  Installation of adequate feeding system for different wastes

Ø  Health aspect of workers

Ø  Legal permits and hassle free transport of wastes 18

CHALLENGES

Reduces demand of natural resources - Promotes circular economy

Contributes towards lowering of emissions such as greenhouse gases

Reduced requirement of land for landfill sites

Maximizes the recovery of resources present in the waste

Reduces the economic burden on the industry – Economic way of waste disposal. Win-win for generators & users of wastes

Savings in foreign exchange – India imports energy in form of coal, gas, crude oil, etc

Reduces the Health hazard associated with disposal of Hazardous waste by other pathways i.e. land disposal & incineration of the hazardous waste

ADVANTAGES OF CO-PROCESSING

WHAT IS WASTE?

Waste is : resource at a wrong place OR material which will be useful in future

A. Cement Industries : Ø  Develop pre-processing facilities or tie up with pre-processing facility Ø  More focus on small quantity, low CV waste of Small and Medium Enterprises as

micro level initiatives Ø  Explore co-processing of non-conventional fuel like MSW, RDF etc.

B.   Waste Generators : Ø  Industry shall explore waste coprocessing over incineration as per Waste

Management Hierarchy Ø  Waste from small and medium industries shall be diverted into cement industries

through association or common platform Ø  e.g. In Ankleshwer- many small/medium scale solvent recovery units have

successfully diverted their distillation residue collectively at cement industries by developing association of solvent distillation units

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RoleofStakeholders

C. Role of SPCBs :

Ø  To work as facilitator

Ø  Behave more like Doctors than merely like Police

Ø  To fix up the target and prepare a road map for increased TSR

Ø  Robust Inventory of waste generation

Ø  Waste characterization based on quality and quantity

Ø  Awareness programs including projects like “Know Your Waste”

Ø  To encourage pre-processing facilities

Ø  Road map to eliminate disposal through incineration & landfills 22

RoleofStakeholders

KNOW YOUR WASTE Ø  Know your waste is concept initiated by GPCB as a micro level

initiative to divert small scale low volume industrials wastes to Co-processing

Ø  Objectives of the Know Your Waste: i.  Identification of the waste suitable for co-processing ii.  Inventory of Waste based on quality iii.  Integration with modern laboratory of the GPCB for testing of

wastes iv.  Testing of parameters relevant to co-processing i.e. GCV, NCV,

Chloride, Moisture, Heavy metals, TOC etc. v.  Industries generating more than 10 TPA waste will be covered

WAY FORWARD

Way Forward

Ø  Central repository of waste data – sharing them online

Ø  Waste exchange / buyer seller platform

Ø  To encourage the pre-processing facilities in hazardous waste generating

industrial clusters & also in cement plants

Ø  Adequate Online Tracking system for HAZ-Waste at national level

Ø  Technology to monitor online, all emission parameters – protocols & framework

Ø  Encouraging segregation of MSW for co-processing for preparation of RDF

Ø  Waste exchange Banks / Collection Centers to provide information on wastes

Ø  To identify new sectors and their waste generators to link up with cement

industries

Ø  Smooth permit systems by SPCBs

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