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8/6/2019 C S HA HC VT LIU POLYMER
1/20
I HC M A CHT KHOA DU KH B MN LC HA DU
N MN HC
C S HA HC POLYMER
SN XUT V CH BIN PVC
PHN ON TI CH VC
GIO VIN HNG DN : PHM QUANG NI
THC HIN SINH VIN : NGUYN VN HIPLp K51 Lc Ha Du Vng Tu
Vng Tu Ngy 22 thng 10 nm 2009
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Phn I1) Vai tr ca VC trong i sng sinh hot v cng nghip ha cht2) Tc hi ca VC i vi mi trng v sc khe con ngi3) Mc ch ca qu trnh ti ch VC
Phn IINi dung c bn ca qu trnh ti ch VC
-----------------------------------------------------
Phn I:1) Vai tr ca VC trong i sng sinh hot v cng nghip ha cht
Nh chng ta bit VC c ng dng rt quan trng trong sinh hot v trong cng
nghip ha cht. VC l nhin liu iu ch PVC mt vt liu c ng dng rt caotrong cc ngnh cng nghip v sinh hot.
PVC c tng hp ln u tin vo nm 1920. Cng ngy vic ng dng PVCcho cc ngnh cng nghip cng pht trin rng nh:
- Lm v bc dy in- Cc thit b y t ( Ti ng mu, gng tay,huyt thanh ng,ng thng coroner - Trong Xy Dng ( sn tng, sn nh,mi nh,ca s,ng ng,chng thm)- Trong sinh hot ( ti ng, chi, giy dp,may mc)
2) Tc hi ca VC ti mi trng v sc khe con ngi
T lu vinyl clorua (VC) c bit n l mt cht gy ung th. Sn lng VCtrn th gii tng gn gp i trong vng 20 nm qua, hin nay t 27 triu tn/nmNhng nhng kt qu nghin cu mi y ang lm tng thm mi lo ngi v s nguyhim ca VC i vi sc khe v mi trng.
VC c thng mi ha ln u tin vo thp nin 1920. Nhng mi n thp ni1930, khi ngi ta pht minh ra cng ngh polyme ha VC thnh PVC th VC mi sn xut v s dng quy m ln.
u thp nin 1970, nhng kt qu nghin cu trn ng vt v bo co lm sng
cc bnh vin khng nh VC l mt cht gy ung th. V vy cc quy trnh sn xucng nh cc quy nh v an ton lao ng trong ngnh sn xut VC/PVC phi thayi rt nhiu. Hm lng VC trong nha PVC v cc sn phm PVC cng c giihn rt cht ch. Nh nhng bin php ny nn t l mc bnh sacom mch mu gan cc cng nhn lm vic vi VC gim xung n 0. Ngi ta tng rng vn v VC
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c gii quyt. Tuy nhin, nhng pht hin v bnh hc, mi trng v ha sinh cho thy nhngkha cnh mi v th ha cht ny.
nhim mi trng: cc kho st v mi trng nhiu nc cho thy t, ncngm, ging nc gn cc bi chn lp ph thi cng nghip c hm lng VC cao.C nhng mu nc ngm cha n 12 mg VC/l, mt s mu t cha n 230 mgVC/m3. Do hot ng ca vi khun iu kin ym kh VC c th c hnh thnh tqu trnh kh halogen ca cc cht cloeten c clo ha mc cao
3) Mc ch ca qu trnh ti ch VCVC l hp cht rt kh phn hy v gy nhim mi trng rt ln. Ngoi ra ncn l mt s nguyn nhn gy mt s bnh ung th. trong qu trnh sn xut PVta khng th thi VC ra mi trng c v tc hi ca n. m bo cho mitrng v sc khe con ngi ta phi c bin php thu gom v ti ch VC v:
- Bo v mi trng- Bo v sc khe ca con ngi- Ti ch tip tc lm nhin liu sn xut
Phn II:Ni dung c bn ca qu trnh ti ch VC
Tun hon VCChc nng:
*Tp hp kh VC t trong qu trnh:- VC ko chuyn ha ht thnh PVC- Sn phm PVC cha lng rt nh VC*Nn v ha lng VC t ti s dngTun hon VC v thit b phn ng*Gii phng lng ti thiu VC t qu trnh ra
- Mi trng-Nc thi.
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VC ti sinhV405
Ha LngVC
E403 E404
VGAE806
My nn HPVC
K401A-C
Thi KhV501
My nn LPVC
K402A-B
Li b bnnho
V502 C501
Loi bnc th
V803 C8
Mnmechn khng
K301
Bnh phnng
R301n
n s VC
TNG QUAN V QU TRNH TI CH VC
VC t ng x gm cc VC t thp sn xut PVC tha ra v cc tp cht nh nh tng, bnnho v cc xc tc v nc thi cn tch. VC ny t ng n van 2 ca:
Ca 1: n thp ti sinh monome chn khng K301. y cc phn t VC c tch vy sang my nn HPVC. Kh VC tha thit b phn ng R301n cng i ln K301 vthc hin qu trnh lc v y sang my nn.Ca 2: Cc VC sch c a thng n my nn kh HPVC.
Ti my nn, Kh t V501 do R301n cp y ln HPVC nn kh. C 2 ca ra:Ca trn: VC sch i ra thp ha lng VC
Ca di: nc thi v cc tapk c a n bnh loi nc thi V803 C801.VC ha lng trong E403 chuyn v V405 v i xung bnh lc nc thi. Cn VC ha lng E404 c chuyn sang b VGA E806. Ri a n thit b lc nc thi. VC c lc ncthi ri s i ln my nn PVC nhe( cc PVC cha tiu chun). Nguyn liu t thp loi
bn nho cng c chuyn t V502 C501 ln my nn ny
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Qu trnh nn VC
2 h thng tch
- Cc my nn VC p sut cao- Cc my nn VC p sut thp- p sut thp/cao ph thuc p sut, p
sut thi ca mu
2 my nn cho mi cng vic/nhim v-HP:-LP:* 1 ci d phng
-K401C* Tng cng 5 my nnCc my nn vng lng 2 giai onSiemen.
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kh VC
E-8
E 405
E-10
Ti 803
P-5P-6 P-9
P-14
V-1
V408V407
L
P
T
pH
Ti V803
Cat E
My nn VC cao pMy nn VC thp p
VC t cc dng qu trnha ti my tch
Tt c huyn ph v
nc c gi liv chuyn n thp
tch
My nn
c p lcthot l 6barg
L
P401
Cat E bm thmtrnh axit
Nhit nc bkhng c
Mc cht lng trbnh tch c
xung V803 nu c
Kh dn tiha lng
iu khin s quayvng trn my nn
p lc
CC MY NN VC
Ti E403
E408
V401V402
K401A-CK402A-C
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Cc my nn HPNhn kh t:- Bnh Blowdown (V501)
- H thng chn ko (K301)- Kh x t thit b phn ng ( x theo ng
chn ko) p sut ht
-a dng- C th ln ti 3.5 bar (Sau HP)* Vn hnhYu cu v khi ng theo DSC khi:
- x/sut
- Chn khng n- X kh ti TBPU* Ngngv kt thc vn hnh
Khi p sut ca V501
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My nn LPNhn kh t:- Bnh tch liu (V502)
- Thp tch ngng t (E503)- Thp tch nc thi (V803, E802)*p sut ht- Khng i- Hn p sut kh quyn mt cht (Sau LP)* Vn hnhLun hot ng bnh thng
- Tch bn: vn hnh ni tip- Thp tch nc thi: vn hnh ni tip
* Khi ng v ngng theo phng iukhinDCS s shutdown trong cc iu kin btthng.
8/6/2019 C S HA HC VT LIU POLYMER
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Khi ng cc my nn Cc bc chnh v qtrinh kim tra ca HP v LP l
ging nhau.
- Khng th khi ng trong vng 3 pht k t khishutdown : chng ph hng ng c.- ng van x: vn hnh tun hon- Kim tra mc nc trong bnh tch (V408 hay
V407):khng khi ng nu khng t tiuchun
- Khi ng cc my nn hiu lc mt ln mt:thng thng dng 2 my
- i 1 pht nc bt (seal water) t vn tcdng 2m3/h:Tt mynu vn tc dng khng t
- i 2 pht p sut x tng: Tt my nu p
sut khng tng- M van x - hin ti ang pha ng- Kim tra cc iu kin, thso, shutdown nu khng
c
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V408V407
L
F
FpH
TE405E408
Kh vo
Cat E
TIC
FIC
K401A CK402A - B
nh lng nc thpx dng my nn
Kh + Nc
Thm vo h tr Cat EQu trnh hp th CO2
tch t trongVC to s hi sinh
Cat E c trn thmkhi my nn chy
tng pH
MY NN CAO P VCMY NN H P VC
Mc cht lng trong bnh tch xtng theo qu trnh ngng t ca
hi nc trong kh VC
Mc cht trong bnh tch ckhng ch x x vo V803 nu cao
S dng nu
chdng
lm
Nhinkhn 45
VC X dng HCl vo nc bm gy n mn
H THNG NC BT
Nc lm mtCat EDMW
To V803
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H thng seal water my nn
Cc in chnh khi vn hnh:
* Chun ha lu lng seal water, nu- qu thp, my nn ko t c p sut cnthit.
- qu cao, th tch nn b gim Chun ha nhit seal water, nu
- qu thp, VC s ngng t trong nc v sau bay hi trong my nn lm gim th tch
- qu cao, to mi nguy him ln hn v nmn v s tch ly c hi
* Chun ha mc seal water trong bnh tch
- qu thp, lu lng seal water ko - qu cao, nc sang cc bnh ha lng- Khi khi ng nu mc nc cao c th dnn hng hc* Thm cat Echo seal water, nu:
- qu thp, gy n mn v hng my nn- qu cao, lng ph vt liu
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Bm chn khng K301
* Chc nng bm chn khng n
- Tch VC t cc bnh trc khi lu tr- Gim p trong TBPU trc khi x, chtrong mt vi mc .- X t my nn HP
* Chc nng chn khng tr- Tch cc kh tr t cc bnh sau khi lutr:bo m mc Oxy trong qu trnh lthp.- X n p sut kh quyn
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V408V407
L
F
F pH
TE405E408
Kh vo
Cat E
TIC
FIC
K401A CK402A - B
nh lng nc thp xdng my nn
Kh + Nc
Thm vo h tr Cat EQu trnh hp th CO2 tch
t trongVC to s hi sinh
Cat E c trn thmkhi my nn chy
tng pH
MY NN CAO P VCMY NN H P VC
Mc cht lng trong bnh tch x tngtheo qu trnh ngng t ca hi nc
trong kh VC
Mc cht trong bnh tch c khng
ch x x vo V803 nu cao
S dng nu c
chydng n
mt
VC X dng HCl vo nc btm gy n mn d
H THNG NC BT
Nc lm mtCat E
DMW
To V803
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Nitrogen p kh quyn
HOT NG CA BM CHN KHNG
Bm chn khng x hsut trong thit b phn t 1 atm n 0,05 atm tr
vng 30 pht
1. X p n my nn VC cao p2. Chuyn tip x vo my nn VCcao p3. Thi N 24. X t p xut kh quyn
K301
LM SCH BNH ( BNH PHN NG )
Nh qu trnh nhng ch x t
p kh quyn
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I-2
E-4
M
My nn p cao
My nn p thp
Cht c ch ctrn vo kh tiu vo ca dngE403
P404
V40580 m3
A = 298 m2
Q = 825 kw
Nc lm lnh
C 95% VC cngng t trong E403
Nc b ngng t vi VCl tron Tank bt RVC
V412
V412 dng, VClng chy nVGA
c nhn bit nucht lng trong V412 xphi x bng tay tiV405 m bo VGAc vn hnh
Kh tr vngng ch
T
Khng ch p xut duy tr iu kinngng t
My phn tch kh oxy bohiu kh cao p i vo hthng
Nc c lmlnhA = 74 m2
Q = 148 kw
L
A
P
HA LNG VC
E403 E404
Ha lng VC
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Cc im cn ch khi vn hnh: chun ha p sut vn hnh, nu:
- qu thp, ti v nhiu E404, qu nhiu VC nphn xng VGA.- Qu cao, gim th tch my nn* Cung cp lng nc lm mt cho E403
- qu thp, ti v nhiu E404, qu nhiu VC nphn xng VGA.
Cung cp nc c lm nng v nhit thch hp, nu qu thp:
*gim chc nng ca E404, qu nhiu VC n xngVGA. Gim thiu kh tr i vo h thng:
- Hm lng kh tr cao lm gim s ngng t VC,qu nhiu n VGA- My phn tch oxy cho kt qu mc cao (bnh
thng l 0,1%).- Lu lng ln sau E404 (F-43-17) vi nhit
chnh xc (T-43-46
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Mc ch: VC, Oxy, nc v phn ng to sn phm VC Polyperoxide
(VCPP)
VCPP l mt cht rn khng n nh :*VCPP c th phn hy n VCPP to cc gc t do, nhng ci to polime, dn n to khi,
nguyn nhn to thi gian cht. Cht c ch ph hy cc gc t do, ngn chn qu trnh polyme
ha. Cc bin php khc nhm chng to VCPP;
- thit b lm sch thch hp- my nn ht vi p sut p sut kh quyn- Thm cat E cho my nn seal water- Chun ha nhit my nn seal water
S dng: Cht c ch c bm vo pha trong E403 bao ph Tubesheet
Cht c ch chy vo RVC ngn nga s polyme ha y. Lng cht c ch thm vo phi c iu chnh t mcchun trong RVC (20ppm).
Qu nhiu cht c ch (.50ppm) s lm chm cc phn ng. Qu t cht c c (
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T H P T C H N C T H I
Nc c lm sch VC
t
V803t hu gom nc
N c hi lu trong khi khi ng
Nc lm lnh
Lu lng cpnh m c2m3/h
Lng ngng t h
Nc c lm n vng lng th
- V405(RVC tank)- V408(HP VC Comp)- V407(LP VC Com p)
- V303(Vac Pump)- P401(V401/V402)- E806(V G A)
- Lm m cho nhin l iu n nht i C80 1- Mt vi VC bc chy- M c cao t rong V80 3chuynxung cc phn xng cung cpw w s
V8032.4 m3
P801
S801H i
X
T i V40 2
E802
C801ng knh0.3mChia lm2 on ngphc hp
N c ln tp cht VC
Lc tch cn trnhng khi trong C80 1
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Thp tch nc thi
* Nhng im cn ch khi vn hnh
- Cung cp lng nc n nh cho ct- Cng p sut vi my nn - ht LP- S chuyn sang ch Standby nu mc (nc, hacht) trong 803 thp. DCS s t ng khi ng khimc cht lng tng.* Lu lng hi n C801- qu thp tch khng trit , VC ln vo nc x.- qu cao lng ph nng lng, c th dn n ngpthp* Thit b lc nc thi S801- Tch vt cht >2mm t C801
- Trnh to khi, ng dn to thi gian cht di- Nu S801 b to khi dn n tc, dng cp nguynliu vo C801
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ng x VC
Chc nng: Ty u khi thit b cha VC- VD: cc bm VC, cc thit b lc VC- Thit b c kt ni bng tay n ng x
theo yu cu. Thu thp nhng th tch nh VC lng- Cung cp th tch VC lng ph hp flash
off- di 10m ca ng NB 250mm
Kt ni vi K301:-bm chn khng s dng ty u trc khilu tr Kt ni Nito:-s dng cho vic lm sch