Coagulation

Coagulation

Cut or injuryplatelets and injured tissue release Thromboplastin act on Prothrombin in plasma + Calcium ions converts to Thrombin the thrombin acts

as an enzyme and changes Fibrinogen Fibrincreating a mesh that traps red blood cells,platelets and plasma creating a blood clot.

Coagulation Cont.

• Anticoagulants prevent blood clotting• Heparin:antiprothrombin• Prothrombin is dependent on Vitamin K

Leukocytes

White Blood Cells

Leukocytes

• Larger than erythrocytes

• Five types

Leuk/o/cytes –white cells

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Leukocytes

• Larger than erythrocytes• Granular or agranular• 5 types• Normal leukocyte count = 3,200 – 9,800• Diapedesis- when WBC have the ability to

squeeze through the intercellular spaces of capillary walls to fight infection in neighboring tissues.

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

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Leukocytes

• Agranulocytes• Lymphocytes • Monocytes

• Granulocytes• Neutrophils• Eosinophils• Basophils

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Thrombocytes

• Smallest of solid components of blood

• Synthesized in red marrow

• Not cells, composed of fragments of megakaryocytes

• Necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process

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Types of White Cells…Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Lymphocytes Monocytes

Granuloccyte formed in the bone marrowPhagocytize bacteria

GranulocyteFormed in the bone marrowIncrease in numbers in allergic conditions, malaria and in worm infestation.

Produce heparin an anitcoagulantGranulocyte Count increases during chronic inflammation and during healing from infection.

Agranulocyte absence of cytoplasmic granules formed in lymph glands, nodes and bone marrow. B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocyte Protect against cancer cells.

Assist in phagocytosis leave blood vessels and attach themselves to tissues, during infection they help to wall off and isolate the infectedareaAgranulocyte

Life Span of Blood cells 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

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Phagocytosis – process when white cells surround engulf, and digest harmful bacteria.

Inflammation

Inflammation

Pathogenic disease producing microorganisms can cause inflammation. Why?

Bacterial toxins, increase blood flow, collection of plasma in tissues – edema.

Body’s reaction to chemical or physical trauma.

Symptoms – redness, local heat, swelling and pain

Histamine increases the blood flow to the injured area.

Pus produced a combination of dead tissue, dead and living bacteria, dead leukocytes and plasma

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Inflammation

Inflammation Cont.

AbscessPus-filled cavity below the epidermis.

PyrexiaIncrease in body temperature by the hypothalamus in response to pathogenic invasion

LeukocytosisIncrease in the number of white cells in response to infection

LeukopeniaDecrease in number of white cells due to chemotherapy or radiation

Hematology BM #2

BM #3

Hematology BM#2 Questions

1. Name and describe the five different types of what blood cells.

2. Draw a picture for each white blood cell with their job for your body. • For example if they eat the

bacteria draw a big mouth as the WBC and a bacteria inside.

3. What is inflammation? Describe a time when you had an inflammation.

4. List the process of coagulation.

Remember to copy the words from the bubble map in color and color the pictures.