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Director General Coast Conservation & coastal Resources Management Department Defence & Urban development Ministry Sri Lanka
Citation preview
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Coastal Hazards &Climate Change Experiences from Sri Lanka
Eng. Mangala Wickramanayake
Director GeneralCoast Conservation & coastal Resources Management DepartmentDefence & Urban development Ministry Sri Lanka
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Contents of the Presentation
Coastal erosion
Immediate responses
Long term protection and restoration
Tsunami experiences 2004
Recovery & restoration
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Coastal Zone
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Causes of Erosion
• Sand deficit
• Coast protection
• Natural processes
• Seasonal fluctuations
• Human interventions
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Immediate
responses
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Responses
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Definition of protection types
Emergency protection
Coast protection
Long term shoreline management
Soft Solutions
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Management objectives for shoreline management
• Ensure that coast protection schemes do not contribute to, or aggravate coastal erosion.
• Identify coastal erosion trends, prioritise areas which needs protection and formulate appropriate Shoreline Management Plans recommending solutions that are cost effective as well as socially and environmentally acceptable.
• Minimise the negative impacts of coastal erosion and sea level rise in highly developed and protected areas by reclaiming suitable coastal frontages to ensure new development possibilities and to enhance economic potential of coastal frontages.
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Present
layoutAlternative layout
Wave generated current
pattern
Sediment transport
pattern
Coastal Research & Designs
• Coastal Planning• Preparations of coastal Designs• Coastal monitoring• Coastal Research• Coastal studies
Offshore Monitoring
Near-shore MonitoringAr ug ambay H ik k aduwa Mt Lav in i a
N i l awe l i Po lhena Unawa t una
• • Bathymetry• • Shape of coastline• • Tide levels• • Ground level & slope• • Topographic features• • Shore roughness• • Shore-connected water bodies• • Sand dunes• • Coastal vegetation information• • Coastal land use
Monitoring
• Shoreline changes
• Stability of shore structures
• Functional behavior of structures
• Effects of coastal developments
• Coastal features
• Coastal destruction practices
• Unique coastal landscapes
• Coastal fauna & flora
• Coastal sites with archeological significance
Monitoring – Post War
Shoreline Changes
Sand Dunes
Coastal Destruction
Coastal Landscapes
Sea Grass
Coastal Developments
Coastal Species
Coastal Archaeological Sites
Shoreline management
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Provides:
• Protection
• Restoration of sandy beaches
Allows:
• Recreation
• Beach seine fishing
• Sheltered boat landing
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Before
After
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Tsunami 2004
Not aware
Not prepared
No management mechanism in place
No immediate responses
Slow recovery
Many authorities/funds/other resources
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Recovery Process
• Main highway – one week
• Other infrastructure – one month
• Rail link – four months
• Fishery industry – one year
• Settlements – 18 months
• Warning system – 3 years
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Solutions
Warning system in place
Management mechanism established
New Ministry for disaster preparedness
Awareness programs
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Mitigation of Climate Change Impacts through Ecosystem Conservation and Management
Coral Reefs Lagoon areas
Healthy Coastal Ecosystems ;
Provide resources for livelihoods for local coastal communities
Provide buffers against coastal hazards like storms, tsunami etc..
Soft Solutions
The Department uses following methods for conservation and management of coastal ecosystems
Restoration and Rehabilitation
Protection
Enhancement
Restoration and Rehabilitation
Protection
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Enhancement
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Thank You