COBOL_Training_Class-6.ppsx

7/27/2019 COBOL_Training_Class-6.ppsx

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IBM Mainframes

COBOL Training Class-6


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Edited Picture Symbols

Edit Symbol Meaning

ZZero suppression

*Check protection

,

Comma insertion

- / +Plus or Minus sign insertion


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Edited Picture Symbols

Edit Symbol Meaning

$ Dollar sign insertion

CR Credit symbol

DB Debit symbol

B Blank insertion

/ Slash insertion

. Decimal point insertion

BLANK !"N #"R Blank insertion %hen the &al'e is (ero


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Edit Symbol Value Edited Value

(())) 12 *+,

---)) 12 ---+,

$)))) 0123 $*+,

)))) 1234 +,0

1)))) 1234 1+,0

))2))) 1234 *+2,0

)).)) 12.345 +,.0

99CR/DB 12 12CR/DB

99B99 1234 12 34


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REI!I"ES #"RE"#MES

O$er$ie%


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&'at is Redefines

Sometime two or more different variales defined in a program are not

in use simultaneousl!" #heir memor! can e then saved ! sharing the

same location for all such variales"

$acilitates two or more data-%tems to point to the same memor!location"

Simple wa! to save memor! while using data-items

Should e declared at the time of data item definition in data division"


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&edefining variale and redefined variale should e of samelevel number.

#he PIC Clause of redefining variale and redefined variale

need not e same"

Multiple&'('$%)'Sis allowed for a data-item"

&'('$%)'Sclause must not e used for level in FILESECTION"

Must not e used for data-items defined in level numers and, should not have an .CC&Sclause"

0hen we use redefines we can1t use valueclause for redefining

item"

Rules overning RE!EFINES Clause"


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S#NT$%"LEVEL&NO !$T$&N$ME&' RE!EFINES !$T$&N$ME&(.

E%$MPLE

)'*S&!$TE PIC %+,- V$LE /('0''0''/.

)'*S&!$T$&!M# RE!EFINES *S&!$TE. )1 *S&!! PIC 2+(-.

)1 FILLER PIC %.

)1 *S&MM PIC2+(-.

)1 FILLER PIC%.

)1 *S# PIC2+(-.

)'CSTOMER&!$T$. )1 CSTOMER&I! PIC %+),-. )1 CSTOMER&I!&P$RTS RE!EFINES CSTOMER&I!. ') LOC$TION PIC %+3-. ') N$ME&$4REV PIC %+1.-

Synta( #nd E(am)le


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REE!I"ES CL#*SE + e(am)le

************************************

YEAR FOR ENTERED DATE IS : 2005

MONTH FOR ENTERED DATE IS : 01

DAY FOR ENTERED DATE IS : 01

************************************

Output SPOOL

WS00-YEAR2 ree!"#e$ WS00-YEAR1.

I% "$ %&e $'(e ) +%e$ ,! "#!,r('%",#&"& WS00-YEAR2 r,"e$ "# %&e Ye'rM,#%& D'+ !,r('% "# "%$ $-"%e($.

A#+ &'#e "# WS00-YEAR1 &'#e$'6e ,! WS00-YEAR2 '# "e-er$'.


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$acilitates re-grouping of elementar! data items in a record" 2fter

the renames enforcement the elementar! items would elong to the

original 3renamed4 group item as well as the new 3renaming4 group

item"

S!nta5 6 55 data&name&' REN$MES data&name&( T6R data&name&3.

&ules #o 7e $ollowed 0hile sing &')2M'S

&')2M'S must e used after the description of the fieldsre8uired"

Must e coded onl! with level numer "(ata-names 9 and : should not have level numers and

.CC&S Clause"#he elementar! items getting renamed should e contiguous"

REN$MES Clause


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Example

01 STUD-DETAILS.

05 REG-NO PIC 9(5).

05 S-F-NAME PIC X(15).05 S-M-NAME PIC X(12).

05 S-L-NAME PIC X(8).

66 STUD-NAME RENAMES S-F-NAME THRU S-L-NAME.

REN$MES Clause E7am8le

T&e e6e(e#%'r+ "%e($e%%"# re#'(e$&,6 e ,#%",$.

M$% e ,e ,#6+ "%&6ee6 #(er 77.


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REN$MES Clause E7am8le

0.&;%)' @"

? 'MP-B&2 P%C @34 A2>' :"

: 'MP-P2=-.#B'&S"

? 'MP-(2P%C @3:4 A2>' "

? 'MP-%)C')#%A'S P%C @3:4 A2>' ?"

: 'MP-('(C#%.)S"

? 'MP-P$-#D P%C @3:4 A2>' @"

? 'MP-P&.$-#D P%C @3:4 A2>' 9"

0S-A2& &')2M'S 'MP-72S%C #B& 'MP-(2"

0S-A2&9 &')2M'S 'MP-P$-#D #B& 'MP-P&.$-#D"


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Conditional ,erbs

I! #nd E$aluate


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Introduction

%n programming, Man! times program needs to run one or

more sets of statements ased on some condition

%f condition is true, one set of statements get e5ecuted" %f

condition is false another set of statements will get e5ecuted" Conditional statements altersE the control flow of the e5ecution

%n C.7.> the Conditional statements are IF Statement.

E$L$TE Statement.

Terminator/s " Im8li9itterminatorstatement ends :it; a

8eriod +.- and e78li9itterminatora statement :;i9; ends :it;

verb t;at 8re9eded by EN!


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COBOL I! ST#TEME"T

D"!!ere#% F,r($ ,! IF S%'%e(e#%.

S"(6e IF IF - E8SE 8'er

IFCONDITION IF CONDITION

$%'%e(e#% $%'%e(e#%

END-IF. E8SE

IF-E8SE IFCONDTION

IF CONDITION $%'%e(e#%

$%'%e(e#% E8SE

E8SE $%'%e(e#%

$%'%e(e#% END-IF

END-IF. END-IF


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ifferent Ty)es Of Conditions

1 C6'$$ ,#"%",#

2 C,#"%",#-#'(e ,#"%",#

3 Re6'%",# ,#"%",#

4 S"# ,#"%",#

5 Ne'%e $"(6e ,#"%",#

7 C,("#e ,#"%",#$


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Class Condition

Class condition determines whether the identifier contains numeric value .&

alphaetic value"

=Identi>ier&'? @isA @notA = numeri9 0 al8;abeti9 0 al8;abeti9&lo:er 0 al8;abeti9&u88er ?

#his condition is ver! useful to minimiFe the program errors" 7efore doing

arithmetic operation we want to check whether the identifier contains the numeric

data or not"

%$ 0S-2M# %S )M'&%C

2(( 0S-2M# #. 0S-72)>2)C'

'>S'

M.A' Z'&.S #. 0S-2M#

')(-%$"


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Condition-name Condition "ame Condition.

Condition&nameis a identifier defined with level number ,,.

%t has onl! A2>' clause, it does not contain an!pictureclause"

%t must alwa!s e associated to a data name called the conditional variale"

T;is one ma' ,9"

CB%>( A2>' : #B& 9"

#'')-2


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/o% %e can use t'is in PROCE*RE I,ISIO"0

IF INF$NT

MOVE () TO *S&SIN$L

PERFORM ())&INF$NT&P$R$

EN!&IF.

IF *S&$E B )

MOVE () TO *S&SIN$L

PERFORM ())&INF$NT&P$R$

EN!&IF


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Relation Condition

&elation condition compares two operands either of

which can e an identifier, literal, arithmetic

e5pression"

$ormat

.perand Grelational operatorH .perand9

#he &elational operator specifies the t!pe of

comparison


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Relational O)erator

Re6'%",#'6Oer'%,r C'#er"%%e#'$

IS ;REATER THAN IS ?A8 TO IS NOT @

IS ;REATER THAN OR E>?A8 TO IS < @

IS 8ESS THAN OR E>?A8 TO IS = @

.


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Sign Condition

#he signconditiondetermines whether the given numeric value is grater than

the ERO +or- less t;an t;e ERO +or- eDual to ERO"

$ormat

o8erand&' @ISA @NOTA =POSITIVE0NE$TIVE0ERO?

.perand- must e defined as a numeric identifier"

%S P.S%#%A'condition will ecome true, if the operand- value grater than

Z'&.

%S)'


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"egated sim)le condition

0e can negate the simple condition ! using ke!word).#"

'5" %$ 2 L 7

C.MP#' C L 2 ** 9

')(-%$

if 2 7 contains the same value, C.MP#' statement will gete5ecuted"

if we use ).# with the condition, C.MP#' wont get e5ecuted, when 2

7 contains the same value"

%$ ).# 2 L 7

C.MP#' C L 2 ** 9

')(-%$


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Combined conditions

Comined conditions contains two or more conditions

connected using logical operators

$N! or OR.

$ormat

condition- G2)(/.&H condition-9 I G2)(/.&H

condition-: J"""


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Combined Conditions contd11

Be6, %'6e "e$ %&e re$6%$ ,! $"# 6,"'6 ,er'%,r$

AND OR e%ee# %, ,#"%",#$ COND1 COND2.

CO"2 CO"3 CO"2 4

CO"3

CO"2 OR

CO"3

TR?E TR?E TR?E TR?E

TR?E F8ASE F8ASE TR?E

F8ASE TR?E F8ASE TR?E

F8ASE F8ASE F8ASE TR?E


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E(am)le -2

I! !IVISION. PROR$M&I!. IFPRO)'. ENVIRONMENT !IVISION. !$T$ !IVISION. *ORIN&STOR$R SECTION. )'*S&EN!ER PIC %+)'- V$LE SP$CE. PROCE!RE !IVISION. M$IN&P$R$. $CCEPT *S&EN!ER. IF *S&EN!ERB M/ !ISPL$# MR/

EN!&IF. IF *S&EN!ERB F/ !ISPL$# MRs/ EN!&IF. STOP RN.


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E(am)le 5 2 contd1

I! !IVISION. PROR$M&I!. IFPRO)(. ENVIRONMENT !IVISION. !$T$ !IVISION. *ORIN&STOR$R SECTION. )'*S&EN!ER PIC %+)'- V$LE

SP$CE. PROCE!RE !IVISION. M$IN&P$R$. $CCEPT *S&EN!ER. IF *S&EN!ERB M/ !ISPL$# MR/ ELSE !ISPL$# MRs/ EN!&IF. STOP RN.


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E(am)le 5 2 cont+

I! !IVISION. PROR$M&I!. IFPRO)3. ENVIRONMENT !IVISION. !$T$ !IVISION. *ORIN&STOR$R SECTION. )'*S&EN!ER PIC %+)'- V$LE SP$CE. PROCE!RE !IVISION. M$IN&P$R$. $CCEPT *S&EN!ER. IF *S&EN!ERB M/ !ISPL$# MR/ ELSE IF *S&EN!ERB F/ !ISPL$# MRs/ ELSE !ISPL$# ERROR EN!ER INPT/ EN!&IF

EN!&IF. STOP RN.


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E,#L*#TE Statement

'valuate is also used for conditional checking similar to

%$statement"

'valuate was designed in Cobol&,1"

'valuate efficientl! and effectivel! re8la9es Nested&I>statements.

'valuate is of three t!pes6

EV$L$TE TRE

EV$L$TE OPTION

EV$L$TE $LSO


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Synta(

EV$L$TEV$RI$4LE&N$ME TRE

*6EN V$LE CON!ITION

ST$TEMENT'

ST$TEMENT(

*6ENV$LE CON!ITION

ST$TEMENT3

ST$TEMENTG

*6ENOT6ER

ST$TEMENT1

ST$TEMENT5

EN!&EV$L$TE.


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Points to "oted

Ma5imum we can check 9??when conditions using evaluate"

0hen other is an optional statement ut it is highl!

recommendale to code" 0B').#B'&is alwa!s a true

statement, hence should e coded as last condition"

0hen a match found the statement following the *6EN

clause and efore the ne5t *6ENclause, are e5ecuted and

control is then passed to statement following the

EN!&EV$L$TE"

%f no matching when clause is found, the statements following

the *6ENOT6ERstatement is e5ecuted


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CO"TI"*E 4 "ET SE"TE"CE

C.)#%)')'D#S')#')C' are (.

).#B%)< operation statement"

Continue6 Continue passes control to )e5t Statement

after '5plicit Scope terminator"

Ne7tSenten9e6 %t Passes control to the )e5t

Statement after %mplicit Scope #erminator"


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Documents

COBOL_Training_Class-6.ppsx