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What are the impact of tourism?

• 麗江擬征收『古維費』 --- 旅遊和文化遺產保護衝突

What is the impact?

Host-guest relationship

• Possible forms of contact between hosts and guests

• make tourism influential to different stakeholders

Forms of contact • when tourists buy goods and

services • when hosts and tourists share a

facility • when tourists and hosts meet for

cultural exchange• physical presence of tourists

What’s wrong with this?

Tourists’ code of behaviour

• Travel in a spirit of humility

and with a genuine desire to

learn more about the people

of the host country.

Tourists’ code of behaviour

• Be sensitively aware of the

feelings of other people,

• preventing what might be

offensive behaviour on your

part.

• This applies very much to

photography.

Tourists’ code of behaviour

• Cultivate the habit of

listening and observing,

• rather than merely hearing

and seeing.

Tourists’ code of behaviour

• Realise that often the people in

the country you visit have time

concepts and thought patterns

different from your own;

• this does not make them

inferior, only different.

Tourists’ code of behaviour

• Instead of looking for that

“beach paradise”, discover

the enrichment of seeing a

different way of life, through

other eyes.

Tourists’ code of behaviour

• Acquaint yourself with local

customs - people will be

happy to help you.

• Learn the “magic words”.

Tourists’ code of behaviour

• Remember that you are only one of the

thousands of tourists visiting this country

and do not expect special privileges.

• UNDERSTAND

APPRECIATE

PROTECT

What is culture?

• is learned; • not born with

culture• is shared,

collective.

• includes performing arts or high culture

6 Most attractive elements in Culture for tourists

• Language

• Food

• Traditions

• History

• Architecture

• Religion

Language

• The learning of and the ability to use a

foreign language by a tourist

• provides a means for developing an

interest in another culture.

Traditions• Traditions that characterize a

destination or a country

• provide a focal point of interest for

tourists

• who seek to learn about the way of life

in the host community.

Food

• Trying and enjoying the cuisine or

food at a destination

• is one of the main activities

tourists engage in when travelling.

History

• The oral, written, and landscape history of an area reflects its past

• and serves as a reminder for both locals and tourists of the way of life of the host society in earlier times.

• Important events which shaped the existing nature of an area and its people also provide insights for tourists about the community.

Religion• Religion of particular significance to

an area influences the lifestyle and

festivals of the host community.

• It is a source of interest amongst

tourists as it provides further

insights about the spiritual aspects

of the culture of the host

community.

Architecture• Architectural features provide physical

evidence of the cultural attributes of an area. • Often a distinctive architectural style is

associated with a particular community or country.

• Architecture also reflects the availability of local building materials, the way the community adapts to climatic conditions, or a particular design style.

cockpit doorsSocio-cultural impactWhat is demonstration effect?

Demonstration effect

• Local people seek to

• imitate the visitors’ behaviour

• Values, lifestyles while travelling

• Transferred or adopted by host population

• Learn from Internet or televisions

Transformation of values

• demonstration effect imitate tourists’ behaviour• e.g. eating habits, spending patterns• Local cannot afford the tourists’

behaviour frustration• Pursue democracy and modernization

of attitudes amongst the young • negative developments of moral

behaviour • e.g. prostitution, gambling and crime created locations and

environments.

Commercialization

• Commercialization of art forms and especially handicrafts.

• Souvenirs may lose their cultural or religious meaning in mass production

Attention for culture

• stimulates a renewed attention for old cultural traditions and art forms

• Insights from other parts of the world

• the financial stimulus of tourism.

Change on architecture

• Not build according to local architectural standards

• high-rise buildings are rare, hotels are often many stories high

complete changes of the local scenery

Impact on population structure

• population growth in local community immigration

• possibility of finding a better paid job.

• Workers flow in and out of the destination hard to develop a sense of community

Transformation of forms and types of

occupation • New employment opportunities• draw workers from other sectors

of the economy class• Women and young people

become less dependent financially hierarchical strucutres

Congestion • using facilities and resources

impact on daily life.

• rapid pace of development or marked seasonality

a large number of tourists compared with local population

Health problems • By moving around the world

tourists may spread diseases such as AIDS, H1N1, cholera or malaria.

• Movement of tourists may lead to excessive use of facilities such as sewage treatment which may increase health risks

Factors that affect cross-cultural tourist-host contact

• Opportunities for contact

• Attitudes to each other

• Purpose of travel

• Cultural background

cockpit doorsMORE IMPACTS ON TOURISM