Cockroach · Cockroach (n) A mouth situated in the anterior side of head which is surrounded by many chitinous structure called "mouth parts" (o) mouth part :- According to food habit

Cockroach

Parishram “Man needs his difficulties because they are necessary to enjoy success.”

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Cockroach

COCKRCOCKRCOCKRCOCKRCOCKROOOOOAAAAACHCHCHCHCH

Parental Care does not found in Cockroach

Cannibalism - if food is not available, then own species eaten as food.

Cockroach word - originated from Spainish word

"Cucaracha"

Cockroach belong to tropical climate of Africa

Cockroach (Periplaneta) - on 25°C run 130 cm/sec.

Cockroach chromosome no. = 34

Classification :-

Phylum :- Arthropoda

(a) Joined appendages

(b) Blood containing cavity called "haemocoel"

(c) Exoskeleton made up of chitin

Largest phylum :- 90% animals out of total animals belong to this phylum

Class :- Insecta :- largest class

(a) 75% animals included in class Insecta

(b) body divided into head, thorax, abdomen

(c) Three pair of legs (hexapoda )

Subclass :- Pterigota

(a) two pairs of wings

order :- Orthropetra

Wings disimilar type.

Genus :- Periplaneta americana

↓

"Common Cockroach"

or "American cockroach, or Ship cockroach or Bombay canaris.

Blatta (Stylopaga) orientalis

Blatta germanica - smallest cockroach

Male Blatta have wings - female vestigeal wings.

Blatta name - Linnaeus

Periplaneta - "Burmeister"

(a) "Nocturnal animal"

(b) Cursorial animals - fast runner and less capacity of flight.


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Cockroach

(c) Body divided in to three parts called "tegmeta".

3 Tegmeta Head Thorax Abdomen

Embryo stage 6 segment 3 segment 11 segment Total 20

−

=

some segment fuses in adult stage.

Head 1 (6 segments fused)

Thorax 3Total 14 segment

Abdomen 10

(d) Exoskeleton of chitin plates occurred in each segment. Chitin plate called "sclerites".

(e) Sclerites joined each other by "membrane" called "articular or arthroidal membrane."

Sclerites of dorsal side - tergum or tergite

Sclerites of ventral side - Sternum or sternite

Sclerites of lateral side - pleurons or pleurites.

Head :-

(a) "Hypognathus Condition ":- Bent downwards at an

angle of 900 from the long axis of body.

(b) sclerites of the head joined fully and form head capsule.

(c) Top part of Head is called "Vertex" and on the vertex a

chitin plate present called "Occiput".

(d) on the lateral side of head apex 1 pair of compound eye

(e) each compound eye made up of 2000 units called

"ommatidia"

(f) A small light coloured spot called fenestra or ocellar spot

is located upon dorsal surface close to each eye. In in-

sect it function as a photoreceptor organ.

In Cockroach - Inactive and called "Vestigial simple

eye".

(g) lateral side of head apex bear of 1 pair of antennae. Main

receptor of touch, temperature vibration in cockroach.

Antennae :- long filliform, unbranched.

each antenna extending forwards from an antennal socket located dorsally upon head capsule near the com-

pound eye of its side. These are free moving.

(h) A big chitin plate situated below the vertex called frons or forehead.

(i) two long flattened chitin plates situated on lateral side called "gena" or "cheeck"

(j) A big chitin plate present in Anterior part of frons called "Clypeus". a movable chitin plate joined with Anterior

part of clypeus known as "labrum" or "Upper lip".

(k) A big pore situated in the ventral part of head called "Occipetal foramen".

(l) Neck joined with head on the "Occipetal foramen.

(m) Occipital foramen - surrounded by two pair of chitin plate.

Internal :- Post occiput External :- Post gena

Eyeocciput

Vertex

Antenna

Ocellar spot

or fenestra

Antennal socket

Basiantennal

sclerite

Gena

Basimandibular

Mandibles

Maxillary palp

Labial palp

Labium

Labrum

Clypeus

Frons


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Cockroach

(n) A mouth situated in the anterior side of head which is surrounded by many chitinous structure called "mouth

parts"

(o) mouth part :- According to food habits.

"Mouth Parts of Cockroach " :- "Bitting and chewing type"

A cavity formed due to mouth parts called "Preoral cavity" or "cibarium".

(1) Labrum or upper lip :- Broad and flattened terminal sclerite of the dorsal side of head capsule. It dorsally

overhangs the mouth and hence referred to as "upper lip".

(2) Mandibles :- Jaw

1-pair of mandibles.

They form the lateral wall of preoral cavity.

(3) First maxillae :-

One-pair and form lateral wall of preoral cavity.

With the help of maxillary palp part of first maxillae cockroach pickup its food and put it in preoral cavity for

chewing.

Maxillary palps also used as brush to clean antenna and wing.

(4) IInd maxillae or "labium"or lower lip.:-

(1) Form floor of preoral cavity

(2) cover ventral side.

Hypopharynx :- or "lingua"

This is a small, cylindrical mouth part sandwiched between first maxillae on the sides and covered by labrum

and labium respectively on dorsal and ventral sides. It bears several sensory setae at its free end, and the

opening of common salivary duct upon its basal part.

II segment of head - antennae

III segment of head - labrum

IV segment of head - mandibles

V segment of head - I maxillae

VI segment of head - II maxillae (labium)

I segment do not from appendages.

"Neck" - "Soft Neck". or "Cervicum"

8 chitin plates form exo-skeleton of neck.

2- tergum

2-sternum

2 pairs - pleurons.


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Cockroach

2. THORAX

Prothorax

Mesothorax

Metathorax

One-pair of legs present in each segment of thorax.

3-pairs of legs (6 legs)

legs - five main segment

(1) segment - "Coxa" :- broadest segment

(2) segment - trochanter :- small segment

(3) segment - femur

(4) segment - tibia - longest segment

(5) segment - tarsus- tarsus made up of five subsegments piece of chitin on end segment called "pretarsus"

two structure

(1) Arolium or Pulvilus :- These are adhesive pads

(2) One pair claws :- move on the smooth surface by the help of "arolium" and on rough surface with the

help of claws.

In Blatta - arolium is absent .

Small pads present in between of tarsus segment called "Plantulae"

Cockroach climb on the wall by the help of plantulae and Arolium.

Tactile setae present on each segment of legs.

"Wings" 2 - pair wing

(1) fore wings (2) Hind wing

↓ ↓

on Mesothorax on Metathorax

↓ ↓

long, narrow, leathery strong small, broad, thin, soft

↓ ↓

fore wings are so long so cover these wings help in flight

full abdomen. In male projecting

out ward form abdomen

These called Elytra or Tegmina.

A network of fine tubules called "nervures" is present in inner side of wings.


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Cockroach

Opening of duct of

dermal gland

Hypodermis

Basement membrane

Dermal gland

Tormogen cell

(Socket forming cell)

Trichogen cell

(Seta forming cell)Oenocyte

Cuticle

Pore canal

Setae

"ABDOMEN"

(1) 10 segment

(2) 9 segment in male

obviously seen.

(3) 7 segment in female

remaining segment :- "modified and reduced.

each segment of abdomen - 1- tergum

1- sternum

2-pleurons

7th tergum largest in male and female and covers 8th and 9th terga

Stink gland present in between 5th and 6th tergum

smell - repel the enemies.

10th tergum - bowl shaped and bifurcated. 10th tergam 1 pair - "anal cerci"

Each "anal cerci" - "15 segmented" :- These are main sound receptor.

Sternum - In male - 9 sternum

in female - 7 sternum

Projected one-pairs of spine like structure from 9th sternum of male called "anal styles".

these are nonsegmented and help in copulation.

7th sternum of female - special type of boat shaped.

Free end - divided in to two plates

Plates :- "Gynavalvular plates" or "apical lobs".

These plate surround a pore called "ootheca pore"

All characters of sexual dimorphism in cockroach present in abdomen

"Body Wall"

Made up of three layers :-

Outermost - thick cuticle. A waxy layer occurs on cuticle.

Cutide is made up of alternate layer of protein and chitin.


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Cockroach

2 Hypodermis

(Epidermis)

(a) made up of columnar epithelium

(b) It contains some special cells.

(i) Dermal gland :- Secretion of chitinase and proteinase enzyme at the time of moulting. They separate

old cuticle from body and secrete new cuticle.

(ii) Trichogen cell:- elongated cell and reach up to the upper surface of the cuticle.

These secrete "sensory setae" on cuticle.

(iii) Tormogen cell :- long, cup like cell

These cell secrete flexible membrane on the base of setae.

(iv) Neuro - sensory cells :-

(a) These situated in the invagination of tormogen cell. One end of neurosensory cells join setae and other

end joined with nerves.

(b) Trichogen + tormogen + neurosensory cell :- All three form sensory unit called "sensilla".

(v) "Oenocytes" :- function - uncertain perhaps these secrete wax on epicuticle

(3) "Inner Most Layer"

"Basement Layer"

"simple squamous epithelium"

"BODY CAVITY"

(a) called heamocoel (b) blood filled cavity

(c) blood of cockroach - "haemolymph" (d) "blood almost colourless

(e) Blood not related with respiration (f) Trehalose sugar in blood - disaccharide.

"HAEMOCOEL'

(a) Not true coelom

(b) It is a "large blood sinus"

(c) In embryo stage several small blood sinuses" fuse and form "Large Blood sinus".

(d) All arthropods - "True coelomate" But highly reduced and found only in the form of cavity of

gonads".

Cavity of Gonads :- "True Coelom"

(f) large fat body present in haemocoel of cockroach.

(g) analogous to liver of higher animals

four types of cells present in fat body :-

(i) Trophocytes :- these store food in the form of glycogen + Protein + Fats.


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Cockroach

Brain

Head

Corpus allatum

Salivary gland

Oesophagus

Visceral ganglion

Crop

Hepatic caecae

Gizzard

Mesenteron

Rectum

Colon

10th Tergum

ILeumMalpighian tubules

(ii) Mycetocytes :-

(a) Presence of "Symbiotic bacteria".

(b) These symbiotic bacteria synthesize amino acid and vitamine.

(c) These change glucose in to glycogen (glycogenesis)

(d) Possibly "Uric acid" is converted in protein. this reaction called" reverse-assimilation".

(iii) Oenocytes :- These cells related with metabolism of moulting.

(iv) Urate cell :- Absorption of extretory material from heamocoel and storage in the form of "Uric acid" so

called "storage excretion".

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

3-part

(1) Fore gut or stomodaeum :- Ectodermal" :- Formed by the in-

vagination of body wall. Cuticle present in inner side of foregut.

Mouth to - gizzard is foregut

mouth open in the small buccal cavity

Buccal Cavity - opens in tubular pharynx.

Pharynx - open near occipital foramen in "oesophagus".

In thorax oesophagus expand and called "crop".

Crop opens into thick walled gizzard.

(a) Wall of gizzard - "circular muscle layer" well developed.

(b) cavity of gizzard called - "armarium"

(c) six cuticular teeth occur in cavity. these made up of longitu-

dinal muscle layer and sharp cuticle.

(d) fine grinding of food

(e) cuticular hairs present in the posterior part of gizzard these

form "sieve".

(f) Gizzard - grinding in upper part - filtration in lower part.

(2) "Mesenteron" or " Mid gut" (endodermal epithelium)

(a) Anterior Part - Cardia

(b) Gizzard open in cardia by "stomodial valve".

(c) Eight small and tubular, finger like blind processes called hepatic caeca, project freely into the heamocoel

form the front end of Cardia.

These secrete "digestive juice"

(d) Wall of mesenteron is muscular.


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Cockroach

(3) "Hind gut or Proctodaeum"

(a) Thin tubules attached at the junction of hind gut and mid gut called "Malpighian tubules". these are excretory

organ.

(b) Hind gut - first part - Ileum Its wall is thin and internally folded. Its cuticle bears minute spines, which serve to

break the peritrophic membrane.

(c) colon - longest and broader part

(d) Rectum - last part, oval shaped and internally folded wall.

Its wall - 6 folds - called rectal papillae.

These absorb water

(e) Anus :- at the end of 10th abdominal segment.

Salivary gland :-

(a) 1-pair and attached to with oesophagus and occurs in thorax.

(b) Two parts of each salivary gland.

(1) Reservoir part :- cylindrical and storage of saliva.

(2) Glandular part :- leaf like, synthesis of saliva.

(c) Common efferent salivary duct arises from both salivary gland.

(d) This duct open in preoral cavity at base of hypopharynx.

(e) Rings of cuticle occur in wall of duct of salivary gland which prevents these tubules from collapsing

Saliva :- "Carbohydrate - digestive enzymes".

ex. Amylase, chitinase cellulase.

Food - "OMNIVOROUS"

(a) Bread, food grain, vegetable, wood , clothes, insects (dead), nymph, moulted exoskeleton.

(b) Identification of food by the help of antenna.

Digestion :-

(a) Start from preoral cavity

(b) saliva - Enzymes of saliva act upon the food till it reaches the crop. Digestion of carbohydrate takes place.

(c) In crop :- Hepatic caeca - Complete digestive juice reaches in crop through the gizzard.

(d) Gizzard :- Food throughly grinded in to a paste by the thick and sharp edged cuticle of internal folds and

grooves.

(e) Grinded food enter in to the midgut through stomodial valve.

(f) Wall of Cardia :- A membrane secreted around the food called peritrophic membrane. It is made up of

Glycogen + Protein. It serves to protect the wall of midgut from friction with food particles.

This membrane is permeable to digestive enzyme and digestive food. Bacteria (Trichonympha) present in

midgut which are helpful in digestion of cellulase.

(g) Digestion completes in the anterior part of midgut.

(h) Absorpiton of digested food in the posterior part of mid gut.


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Cockroach

Dorsal cephalic trunk

Ventral cephalic

trunk

Dorsal commissures

Thoracic spiracles

Ventral

commissures

Cilia

Ventral longitudinal

tracheal trunk

Dorsal tracheae

Abdominal

spiracles

Ventral tracheae

Dorsal longitudinal

tracheal trunk

Lateral longitudinal

tracheal trunkAtria

Distribution of digested food :- by "heamocoelomic fluid"

Peritrophic membrane and undigested food enter into the Ileum.

Spine - break the peritrophic membrane, so undigested substane release in ileum,

Maximum absorption of H2O occured in rectum by rectal papilla.

RESPIRATION

(1) Respiratory organ - "respiratory tubules"

(2) Network of respiratory tubules in body.

(3) This network open out side the body by the "spiracles"

(4) 10- pair spiracles

2-pair on thorax

All spiracles :- on "Pleurone" (Lateral side of body)

(a) First pair of spiracle of abdomen situated on lateral side of

"tergum"

(b) each spiracles :- is guarded by a valve and bears cilia like

bristles for filtering the incoming air.

(c) Valve absent in 1-pair spiracles of thorax and abdomen both.

(d) each spiracles open into chamber called "atrium" or tracheal

chamber.

(e) The tracheal chambers are connected with several main tra-

cheal trunks which repeatedely branch in to a diffuse network

of small trachea.

(f) last branches of trachea called "Tracheal Capillaries" or "tra-

cheoles"

(g) Tracheal capillaries - "Intra - cellular"

(h) Tracheal capillaries closed in a cell called "tracheal end cell."

(i) Long process found in tracheal end cell.

(j) These process deeply merge in tissues of body

(k) Each cell of body is directly in contact with processes, blood does

not related with respiration in blood respiratory pigment absent.

Exchange of gases take place at the tracheoles by diffusion

"HISTOLOGY"

Breathing :-

(a) Several tergo - sternal muscles extend between the tergites and sternites of all abdominal segments.

(b) When the abdomen expands, atmospheric air gets filled in the tracheal system through spiracles. This is

inspiration.

(c) When the abdomen contracts, the air is forced out. This is expiration.

expiration takes place through first pairs of spiracles of thorax and first pairs spiracles of abdomen.

(d) the spiracular valves control and regulate the in and out passages of the air and abdomen.


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Cockroach

BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM

(a) "Open types" or "lacunar types" blood filled in blood sinuses.

(b) True blood vessel - absent

(c) largest blood sinus - "haemocoel"

colourless - plasma

(d) Blood of cockroach - "haemolymph".

Blood corpuscles (haematocytes)

(e) "Haematocytes" -

(1) Phagocytosis of bacteria

(2) related with blood clotting.

(f) Blood -

(A) not related with respiration, because respiratory pigment absent.

(B) It works as "hydrolic skeleton ".

(C) Exchange of food, hormones and excretory materials.

two horizontal septa -

(1) Dorsal diaphragm

(2) Ventral diaphragm - these have pores called "fenestrae"

Diaphragms divides the haemocoel in three chambers i.e.

(1) P.C.S. have heart in dorsal part (Peri cardial sinus)

(2) Middle sinus - P. Visceral sinus has alimentary canal and fat body.

(3) Ventral chamber - Perineural sinus has nerve cord.

Heart of Cockroach :-

(a) divided in to 13 chamber

(b) chamber - inverted funnel like

(c) each chamber connected with P.C.S. by 1-pair of pores, called "Ostia". These pores act as valve.

(d) Blood enters from P.C. Sinus to heart through Ostia.

(e) Each Posterior chamber of heart connected/related with anterior chamber by a valve like pore.

(f) These pore help in flow of blood from posterior to anterior part.

Dorsal diaphragm

ValvesChambers of heart

OstiaAlary

muscles

Anterior aortaAntenna

Head

Neck

Pulsatory

ampullaNerve cord

Perineural sinusVentral diaphragm

Perineural sinus Perivisceral sinus (Haemocoel)


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Cockroach

(g) special type of cells attached with heart wall called "nephrocytes". Functions of nephrocytes.

(i) these control heart beat.

Heart Beat - 49 heartbeat / mintue

(ii) "storage excretion" storage of excretory substance in the form of "Uric acid.:

(h) First chamber of heart in the form of long tubule called "anterior aorta" It opens into head sinus.

(i) Beside anterior aorta:-

One blood vessel each arises from heart in mesothorax and 3-6 abdominal segments.

(j) These are not true blood vessels because (a) These are not divided into capillaries

(b) open ends.

(k) 13-pair fan like muscles present in P.C.S. called alary muscles. One end which, is pointed is attached to

tergum and other end is broad - connected to dorsal diaphragm. These also fused with heart wall these help in

"blood circulation".

(l) Tergosternal muscle also help in blood circulation mainly these concerned with respiration.

(m) "Pulsatile ampulla" present at base of each antennae and base of each wing. pulsatile ampulla helps in

blood circulation in antennae and wings.

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

(a) main excretory organ - Malpighian tubules

(b) These associated with Alimentary canal at the junction of midgut and hind gut.

(c) 100-150 tubules.

(d) These are "Ectodermal".

(e) Malpighi tubules collects excretory substance from heamocoel

(f) excretory substance mainly in the form of "potassium Urate"

(g) Potassium urate converted into "Uric Acid" and potassium Bicarbonate its enter in to alimentary canal by

pulsation.

(h) Water absorbed by alimentary canal and excretory maetrials along with undigested substances excreted

outside.

(i) Malpighian are enteronephric and help in osmoregulation

(i) Urate cell

(ii) Nephrocytes

Storage excretion

(iii) Body wall -

Absorbs excretory materials from Haemocoel and store in cuticle. Then at the time of moulting excretory

substances and cuticle separate out from body.

(iv) Uricose glands - These help in excretion in male cockroach.


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Cockroach

Circum oesophageal

connective Optic nerve

Antennary nerve

Brain Nerves to mouth parts

Sub oesophageal ganglion

Prothoracic ganglion

Mesothoracic ganglion

First abdominal ganglion

Double nerve cord

Metathroracic ganglion

6th abdominal ganglion

Frontal

Hypocerebralganglion

Visceralganglion

Proventricularganglion

Corpora cardiaca

Corpora allata

Stomogastric A.N.S.

NERVOUS SYSTEM

Three types of nervous system

(1) Central Nervous system:-

(a) Brain ring - It is located in the head around the pharynx, just in front of tentorium.

Its dorsal part is a thick and bilobed supraoesophageal ganglion or "Cerebral ganglion" fusion of three

pairs of cephalic ganglia.

Sub-oesophageal ganglion on ventral side of alimentary canal.

Both ganglia connected to each other by circumoesophageal connective.

(2) Ventral Nerve Cord :- double solid and ladder like.

Nerve cord has nine segmental ganglia. i.e. Three large ganglia in thorax and six in abdomen. Last ganglion is

located in 7th abdominal segment.

All ganglia formed in embryo stage by the fusion of 2-ganglia. last segmental ganglion formed by fusion of many

ganglia.

"Peripheral Nervous System"

Sevral nerves arises from CNS (Brain ring & Nerve cosol) and innervate different part of body. Creats P.N.S. of

cockroach.

motor nerve

All nerves - mixed nerves Sensory nerve


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Cockroach

(3) "Autonomous System"

It is divisible into three parts :-

(1) Stomogastric nervous system :- this includes the following five ganglia they all are inter connected with each

other by nerves and the nerves arising from these ganglion to innervate the anterior part of gut, as follows this

system regulates involuntary activities of foregut.

(a) Frontal ganglion - This is a small median ganglion located dorsally upon the pharynx just in front of brain.

(b) Hypocerebral ganglion - This is also a small median ganglion located dorsally upon oesophagous behind

the brain.

(c) Visceral ganglion:- This is located mid-dorsally upon the crop at about its middle.

(d) Proventricular ganglia" (last ganglia)

these are two small ganglia, one upon dorsal and the other upon ventral surface of gizzard. Each of these are

connected with visceral ganglion by nerve.

These regulate the activity of foregut as "peristalsis"

(2) Spiracular nervous system :-

This controls the activities of spiracles.

(3) "Caudal nervous system"

(a) regulates the activity of hindgut, gonads and abdominal appendages

(b) This nervous system formed by the last segmental ganglion of nerve chord.(7th)

(c) This includes certain fine nerves that arise from the last abdominal ganglion and innervate various parts.

Compound Eyes.

(1) Compound eye made up of 2000 units called sp ommatidia.

Corneal lens

Corneagen cell

Cone cell

Crystalline cone

Rhabdome

Retinular cellRetinular pigmentsheath

Irish pigmentsheath

Ommatidia


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Cockroach

Mechanism :- two types of vision

(1) Apposition or mosaic vision :-

(a) Apposition vision form in bright light

(b) Omatidia fully covered by pigmented mem-

brane. The light rays reflected from an ob-

ject enter in to a number of ommatidia.

(c) An oblique light ray, that enters into the fo-

cussing part of an ommatidium, strikes

against its pigment sheath and becomes ab-

sorbed

(d) A straight light ray that enters into an om-

matidium on the other hand reaches into its

receptor region and forms the image of cor-

responding part of the object.

(e) Thus all the straight light rays entering into

an eye from an object form separate images

of different parts of the object in the different

ommatidia.

(f) The totality of these small image is, how-

ever, a compound image of the whole object

such an image is called apposition image,

It is clear and detailed

(2) "Superposition image" :-

(a) In dim light in nocturnal insects.

(b) In the night, the pigment sheath of omma-

tidia contracts and shrinks to their bases,

hence the light rays can easily cross over

from one ommatidium to adjacent omma-

tidia

(c) complete images are formed in all omma-

tidia. This results in the formation of blurred

superpostion of the objects.

In cockroach only apposition images are

formed (day and night)

No contraction power in pigmented sheath.

Super Position Vision

Apposition or Mosaic Vision


Page No # 16

Cockroach

TestisUtricular gland

Small tubules

Vas deferens

Long tubules

Seminal vesicles

Duct of phallic gland

Ejaculatory duct

Right phellomere

Ventral phellomere

Anal cercus

Anal style

Male gonopore

Pseudopenis

Titillator

Left phellomere

Phallic gland

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Cockroach - "Unisexual"

Male reproduction system:-

(a) 1-pair of testis in "3-6" abdominal segment.

each testis formed of "3 or 4 lobes". each lobe divided into many lobules

(b) Vasa deferentia - A vasadeferense arises from each testis these open in an ejaculatory duct.

(c) Ejaculatory duct opens outside by male genital pore.Seminal vesicle in form of vesicles located upon ejacula-

tory duct.

(d) A gland associated with seminal vesicles called

mushroom gland or utricular gland having two

types of tubules, small tubules on inner side -

utriculi brevivores.

Large tubules outside - utriculi majores

Tips of long tubules called "Uricose gland" These

absorb excretory material from haemocoel.

(e) A gland located on mushroom gland called phallic

gland or congloblate gland. It opens out side by a

long duct "Phallic aperture.

(f) Chitinous structures associated with phallic aper-

ture and male genital pore called "phellomeres"

or gonapophysis."

(1) Left phellomeres

Phellomeres

(2) right phellomeres

(3) Ventral phellomeres

(a) Phallic aperture present on left phellomeres

(b) Male genital pore situated on Ventral phellomeres.

(1) Left phellomeres :-

(1) made up of a flat chitinous plate

(2) four types of lobes attached with it/

- lower most lobe titilator, with a hooks on tips

- "Pseudopenis" - long with bulbow apex

- asperate lobe - lobe of spiny surface, phallic duct opens at the base of asperate lobe

innermost lobe - "Acutolobe - with a hook

(2) "Right phellomeres" It is a chitinous structure.

Two large hooks present at apex and a hook present on base of right phellomeres.


Page No # 17

Cockroach

OvariolesOvaries

FilamentsGermarium

Vitellarium

Egg chamber

Pedicels

Oviduct

Common oviduct

Spermatheca

Right colleterial gland

Genital chamber

Ovipositor processesLeft colleterial

gland

"Ventral - phellomeres"

(a) simplest and formed of a flat chitinous plate hooks absent. Hooks help in opening of oothecapore of female.

Phellomeres :- "External genital organ"

(a) "Spermatogenesis" "Completely in testis"

(b) Seminal vesicle :- Stored the sperms

(c) All sperms glue together's to form a ball called "sperm ball"

(d) long tubules secrete a membrane around sperm ball called spermatophore

(e) small tubules :- secrete a nutritive fluid in spermatophore.

(f) at the time of copulation spermatophore enters in to ejaculatory duct.

(g) Ejaculaotry duct secrete another coat on spermatophore.

spermatophore - "double layered."

(h) when they go out side from male genital pore then phallic gland secretes another layer, so spermatophore

becomes three layered.

Female reporductive system

(1) 1-pair of ovary situated in "2nd to 6th segment of abdomen".

(2) each ovary is made up of 8-long tubules called "Ova-

rioles." Only one egg from in each

ovariole. It means 16 ova are matured at a time in

cockroach.

Both oviduct of ovaries fuse and form "vagina"

(3) Vagina - vagina opens inside body in a genital

chamber.

(4) Genital chamber - formation of genital chamber by

the fusion of 3 abdominal sternum,

(5) 7th sternum - forms the floor of genital chamber.

(6) 8th and 9th sternum - become telescoped inwards

to form the roof and sides of this pouch, the pouch

itself is divisible into a genital chamber in front and

oothecal chamber behind.

(7) A pair of "Spermatheca" associated with

genital chamber.

Spermatheca unequal in size

(8) both spermatheca open by a pore in genital chamber.

(9) A plateform in genital chamber just beneath spermatheca pore called "spermatheca Papilla:

(10) 1-pair of collaterial glands associated with genital chamber. These are branched tubular gland"s.

left collaterial gland = more branched

(11) Both glands open in genital chamber by a common pore

(12) Three pairs of chitinous processes hanging from the roof of genital chamber into its cavity are the external

ganitalia of female cockroach . These are called ovipositor porcesses because these serve to arrange the ova

in a newly formed ootheca, and possible help in giving proper shape to the oothecae.


Page No # 18

Cockroach

Copulation

(1) "Breeding season:- from march to september

The females secrete a highly odousous and volatile "sex attracting scent from their scent glands called phero-

mones or ectohormones.

(2) male perceive the smell of this scent with the help of olfactory sensillae located upon their antennae.

(3) male cockroach opens the ootheca pore with the help of hooks.

(4) The male insert whole of its phallomeres into the females's gential pouch. then it inserts its pseudopenis into

the female gonopore for firm anchorage.

(5) In this positon male gential pore situated on spermathecal papilla

(6) discharge spermatophore by male gential pore upon the spermathecal papilla of female

(7) After that the secretion of its phallic gland upon the spermatophore

Copulation time ⇒ one hour

q The spermatophore remains plastered to the spermathecal papilla of female for about 20 hours. during this

period all its sperms escape out and fill in the two spermathecae of the female, then the female drops out the

case of empty spermatophore.

q Sixteen ova, one from each ovariole of the two ovaries, are dischagred at a time into the genital pouch where

these are arranged by the gonapophyses into two parallel row.

q Simultaneously, sperms stored in the spermathecae are also discharged into the genital pouch to fertilize the

ova.

Fertilization

(a) "Internal fertilization"

(b) After fertilization the left collaterial gland secretes a soluble "milky protein" while the right one secrete

dihydroxyphenol.

Both secretions mix to form a brownish scleroprotein.

(c) Sclero protein forms a common egg. case, called ootheca.

(d) formation time - 24 hours

(e) one end of ootheca like a saw and these close the mouth of ootheca

(f) the female deposit it in some dark and dry places.

Development :-

(a) 1 - female form 9-10 ootheca in life time.

(b) Development of egg inside ootheca

(c) Ootheca are adaptation of terrestrial life to prevent the "Water loss"

(d) Development time - "4 to 8" weeks

(e) juvenile stage inside ootheca is called "nymph"


Page No # 19

Cockroach

Nymph appear like adult except for wings and reproductive organs

(f) Nymph changes into an adult in - 1 year

(g) During metamorphosis - 13 times moulting.

(h) Time interval between two moulting called "stadium".

(i) In between moulting nymph called "instar"

Adult insect are called "imago"

Metamorphosis

"Incomplete or paurometabolus"

In insect, those have larva stage have complete or holometabolous metamorphosis.

- "Cleavage" = "superficial meroblastic".

- Egg - "megalecithal" and "centrolecithal"


Page No # 20

Cockroach

COCKRCOCKRCOCKRCOCKRCOCKROOOOOAAAAACHCHCHCHCH EXERCISEEXERCISEEXERCISEEXERCISEEXERCISE

1. Zoological name of cockroach is :

(1) Glossina palpalis

(2) Periplaneta americana

(3) Musca nebulo

(4) Apis indica

2. Diagonistic feature of insects is :

(1) Segmented body

(2) Chitin in body wall

(3) Three pair of legs

(4) One pair compound eyes

3. Which are the two common indian cockroaches ?

(1) Periplaneta americana and Blatta indica

(2) Periplaneta indica and Blatta orientalis

(3) Periplaneta orientalis and Blatta americana

(4) Periplaneta americana and Blatta orientalis

4. Characteristic of group insecta is :

(1) Joined appendages (2) 3 pair of jointed legs

(3) Chitinous exoskeleton (4) Compound eyes

5. Scientist who gave the name Periplaneta is :

(1) Linnaeus (2) K.N. Bahl

(3) Burmister (4) D. Gir

6. Tergum is joined on the sides by :

(1) Pleuron (2) Sternum

(3) Alimentary canal (4) Muscles

7. The plate situated between the eyes and passing

below that on the head of cockroach is called :

(1) Vertex (2) Fron

(3) Epicranium (4) Gena

8. The dorsal plate of skeleton found on the abdomen

of cockroach is called :

(1) Pleuron (2) Sternum

(3) Tergum (4) Vertex

9. Outer border of tergum bends downwards in

cockroach and attaches with :

(1) Muscles (2) Sternum

(3) Pleura (4) Fat body cells

10. Mandibles of cockroach are :

(1) Short with grinding teeth (2) Long and pointed

(3) short without teeth (4) long and coiled

11. Head of cockroach according to its position is

known as :

(1) Hypopharynx (2) Hypocerebral

(3) Hypognathus (4) Supragnathus

12. Number of sternum present at the abdomen of

female cockroach is :

(1) 6 (2) 7

(3) 8 (4) 9

13. Tongue like structure in Periplaneta is :

(1) Maxilla (2) Hypopharynx

(3) Labium (4) Labrum

14. Which structure is known as lower lip of

cockroach ?

(1) Labrum (2) Labium

(3) Mentum (4) Submentum

15. Wings of cockroach are mainly helpful in :

(1) Egg laying (2) Preying

(3) Finding the mate (4) Protecting against

16. Periplaneta americana differs from Blata orientalis

in :

(1) Well developed wings

(2) Wings absent

(3) Only first pair wings developed

(4) Second pair wing developed

17. Number of segments in cockroach leg :

(1) 3 (2) 5

(3) 6 (4) 9

18. Undeveloped wings are found in :

(1) Housefly (2) Cockroach

(3) Mosquito (4) Blatta

19. Pseudopodia of Amoeba are similar to :

(1) Legs of cockroach (2) Teeth in rabbit

(3) Spicules of Neucosolenia (4) Suckers of Taenia

20. Plantulae are found in cockroach upon :

(1) Pretarsus (2) Femur

(3) Trochanter (4) Coxa

21. Most swollen segment in leg cockroach is :

(1) Tarsus (2) Coxa

(3) Femur (4) Trochanter


Page No # 21

Cockroach

22. In cockroach arolium is helpful in :

(1) Digestion (2) Respiration

(3) Locomotion (4) Reproduction

23. Main character for the distinction between male

and female cockroach :

(1) Antennae (2) Mandibles

(3) Anal cerci (4) Anal style

24. Anal styles are found in :

(1) Housefly

(2) Female cockroach

(3) Male cockroach

(4) Both male & female cockroach

25. Body segments are definite and well marked in :

(1) Hydra (2) Taenia

(3) Earth worm (4) Cockroach

26. In cockroach the audioreceptors are situated on :

(1) Legs (2) Antenna

(3) Sensory receptor (4) Anal cerci

27. The gynovalvular plates in female cockroach are

modification of :

(1) 7th tergum (2) 7th sternum

(3) 8th Tergum (4) 8 sternum

28. Stink glands are found in :

(1) Only in males (2) Only in female

(3) In both (4) None

29. Exoskeleton of cockroach is made up of :

(1) Cartilage (2) Cuticle

(3) Chitin (4) Amino acids

30. Cockroach and other insects have exoskeleton

made up of :

(1) Keratin (2) Spongin

(3) Chitin (4) Cuticle

31. in which part of cockroach is present completely

developed endoskeleton and exoskeleton both ?

(1) Head region (2) Thoracic region

(3) Abdominal region (4) In all regions

32. The body cavity of cockroach is called :

(1) Pseudocoel (2) Coelom

(3) Hydrocoel (4) Haemocoel

33. Which cells secretes wax located at the outer

surface of body wall ?

(1) Trophocytes (2) Oenocytes

(3) Trichogen (4) Mycetocytes

34. The fat body of cockroach contains :

(1) Oenocytes (2) mycetocytes

(3) Trophocytes (4) All the above

35. Hepatic caeca in cockroach are derived from :

(1) Crop (2) Gizzard

(3) Mid gut (4) Proctodaeum

36. Saliva of cockroach contains enzyme :

(1) Lipase (2) Amylase

(3) Pepsin (4) Trypsin

37. Salivary glands of cockroach open on :

(1) Maxilla (2) Hypopharynx

(3) Labium (4) Labrum

38. Mouth part of cockroach are suited for :

(1) Piercing (2) Absorbing

(3) Cutting & chewing (4) Drinking

39. Cockroach is :

(1) Omnivorous (2) Herbivorous

(3) Carnivorous (4) Sanguivorous

40. An animal which feeds upon organic matter, dead

insects and own cost off cuticle may be ?

(1) Herbivorous (2) Scavenger

(3) Omnivorous (4) Carnivorous

41. In cockroach food is crushed in which part :


(3) Mesenteron (4) Oesophagus

42. In which part of alimentary canal of cockroach is

invagination of cuticle found ?

(1) Anterior part

(2) In midpart

(3) In posterior part

(4) Both in antherior and posterior part

43. Maximum digestion takes place in which part of

cockroach ?


(3) Mesenteron (4) Oesophagous


Page No # 22

Cockroach

44. Oxygen is carried to the tissues of cockroach by

which organ :

(1) Skin (2) Trachea

(3) Plasma (4) Respiratory pigment

45. What is common between the trachea of rabbit

and cockroach ?

(1) Both start in head region

(2) Both are filled with fluid

(3) Wall in both is strengthened which does not

allow to collapse

(4) None of them

46. Allary muscles in cockroach are associated or

connected with :

(1) Trachea (2) heart

(3) legs (4) alimentary canal

47. Number of pairs of spiracles in cockroach are :

(1) 4 (2) 6 (3) 8 (4) 10

48. In cockroach O2 is carried to tissue by :

(1) Haemoglobin and haemocyanin

(2) Blood plasma

(3) Tracheal tubes

(4) Diffusion through integument

49. Blood of cockroach does not contain haemoglobin

because :

(1) It respires through atmosphere

(2) Respires through book lungs

(3) It does not respire

(4) It has some other means to carry oxygen direct

into the tissues

50. Give the name of blood vessel, which arises from

first chamber of heart in cockroach :

(1) Nephrocyte (2) Fenestrae

(3) Ostia (4) Anterior aorta

51. Number of chambers in the heart of cockroach :

(1) 5 (2) 9

(3) 13 (4) 16

52. Blood circulation in insects :

(1) Flows in arteries and veins

(2) With red blood corpuscles

(3) Open type

(4) Absent

53. Heart of cockroach is :

(1) Four chamberd

(2) Ventral to gut

(3) Longitudinal and beaded

(4) Three chambered

54. The colour of haemolyph of cockroach is :

(1) Yellow (2) Red

(3) Green (4) Colourless

55. Physiologically the heart of cockroach is :

(1) Neurogenic (2) myogenic

(3) Epigenic (4) Agenic

56. Main excretory product of cockroach is :

(1) Urea (2) Ammonia

(3) Uric acid (4) Amino acid

57. Function of Malpighian tubules of cockroach :

(1) Digestion (2) Respiration

(3) Excretion (4) Reproduction

58. Exeretory organs of cockroach are :

(1) Trachea (2) Kidney

(3) Nephridia (4) Malpighian tubules

59. The nerve cord of cockroach is :

(1) Double, ventral and solid

(2) Double dorsal and hollow

(3) Single, dorsal and solid

(4) Single, ventral and hollow

60. In cockroach which is helpful in sexual attraction ?

(1) Hormone ecdysone (2) Pheromone

(3) Juvenile hormone (4) Anal cerci

61. Ommatida are found in :

(1) Eyes of birds (2) Eye of frog

(3) Eye of insects (4) Eye of rabbit

62. Structural units found in the compound eye of

cockroach are called :

(1) Rhabdom (2) Cone cells

(3) Ommatidia (4) Simple eye

63. What type of vision is found in cockroach ?

(1) Mosaic (2) Super position

(2) Binocular (4) None of them


Page No # 23

Cockroach

64. Ommatidia are units in the eyes of :

(1) Amphibians (2) Mammals

(3) Insects (4) Fishes

65. Apposition image in eye of insects is formed in :

(1) Dim light (2) Bright Light

(3) ocelli (4) None

66. Eggs which have yolk in the centre surrounded by

cytoplasm are called :

(1) Centrolecithal (2) Homolecithal

(3) Microlecithal (4) Alecithal

67. Ootheca is formed in cockroach by :

(1) Phallic gland (2) Conglobate gland

(3) Utricular gland (4) Collaterial gland

68. Ootheca of Cockroach has fertilized eggs, this

numbers is :

(1) 6 (2) 8

(3) 16 (4) 24

69. From egg laying to the development of adult

cockroach. How many moluting occur ?

(1) 10-12 times (2) 9 times

(3) 6 times (4) 3-4 times

70. The type of egg in cockroach is called :

(1) Microlecithal (2) Centrolecithal

(3) Isolecithal (4) Telolecithal

71. Sexual dimorphism is distinct in :

(1) Hydra (2) Earthworm

(3) Sponge (4) Cockroach

72. Conglobate gland is found in the reproductive organs

of :

(1) Earth worm (2) Housefly

(3) Male cockroach (4) Female cockroach

73. Number of moultings in cockroach after hatching

and development of complete animal are :

(1) Less than 7 (2) Upto 8

(3) Upto 9 (4) more than 10

74. How many ovarioles are found in each ovary of

cockroach ?

(1) 3 (2) 6

(3) 8 (4) 16

75. Collaterial glands of cockroach help in :

(1) Fertilization

(2) Formation of ootheca

(3) Copulation

(4) Formation of oothecal chamber

76. In the life history of cockroach (Periplaneta), there

is :

(1) No Metamorphosis

(2) Incomplete metamorphosis

(3) Complete metamorphosis

(4) Anamorphosis

77. Juvenile of cockroach is known as :

(1) Tadepole (2) Amocyte

(3) Nymph (4) Naid

78. Life time of cockroach in general is :

(1) Approximately 1 year

(2) 3 to 3.5 years approx

(3) 5 to 7.5 years approx

(4) 10 years approx

79. In which of the following moulting is not found ?

(1) Hydra (2) Mosquito

(3) Housefly (4) Cockroach

80. Life history of cockroach represents :

(1) Ametaboly (2) Holometaboly

(3) Paurometaboly (4) None

81. Common feature between cockroach and

earthworm is :

(1) Hermaphroditism (2) Moulting of cuticle

(3) Excretion by nephridia (4) Ventral nerve cord

82. Which has no skeleton ?

(1) Cockroach (2) Mosquito

(3) Butterfly (4) Jelly fish

83. Cockroach is :

(1) Nocturnal and omnivorous

(2) Diurnal and omnivorous

(3) Nocturnal and carnivorous

(4) None


Page No # 24

Cockroach

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Ans. 2 3 4 2 3 1 2 3 3 1 3 2 2 2 4

Que. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Ans. 1 2 4 1 1 2 3 4 3 4 4 2 3 3 3

Que. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

Ans. 1 4 2 4 3 2 3 3 1 2 2 4 1 2 3

Que. 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

Ans. 2 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 1 3 3 4 1 2

Que. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75

Ans. 3 3 1 3 2 1 4 3 1 2 4 3 4 3 2

Que. 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83

Ans. 2 3 2 1 3 4 4 1

COCKROACH ANSWER KEY

Documents

Cockroach · Cockroach (n) A mouth situated in the anterior side of head which is surrounded by many chitinous structure called "mouth parts" (o) mouth part :- According to food habit