Asha Vasantha

Vinod Prajapati

Nov 3rd 2014

Introduction CBT was primarily developed through an integration

of behaviour therapy (the term "behaviour

modification" appears to have been first used by

Edward Thorndike) with cognitive psychology

research, first by Donald Meichenbaum and several

other authors with the label of cognitive behaviour

modification in the late 1970s

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a form of

treatment that focuses on examining the relationships

between thoughts, feelings and behaviours.

CBT has been demonstrated to be effective for the

treatment of a variety of conditions

including mood, anxiety, personality, eating,

substance abuse, and psychotic disorders.

CBT is a type of psychotherapy that is different from

traditional psychodynamic psychotherapy in that the

therapist and the patient will actively work together to

help the patient recover from their mental illness

Special application of CBT

Anxiety disorders

Schizophrenia

Psychosis and

Mood disorders

With older adults

Other mental illness.

Method of access. Therapist

A typical CBT programme would consist of face-to-

face sessions between patient and therapist, made up of 6-18

sessions of around an hour each with a gap of a 1–3 weeks

between sessions.

This initial programme might be followed by some booster

sessions, for instance after one month and three months.

Computerized or Internet-Delivered

Computerized cognitive behavioural therapy (CCBT) has

been described by NICE as a "generic term for delivering

CBT via an interactive computer interface delivered by a

personal computer, internet, or interactive voice response

system", instead of face-to-face with a human therapist. It is

also known as internet-delivered cognitive behavioural

therapy or ICBT

Reading self-help materials

Enabling patients to read self-help CBT guides has been

shown to be effective by some studies. However one study

found a negative effect in patients who tended to ruminate

and another meta-analysis found that the benefit was only

significant when the self-help was guided (e.g. by a medical

professional)

Group educational course

Patient participation in group courses has been shown to be

effective

Types of CBTBrief cognitive behavioural therapy

Brief CBT is the compression of CBT material and the

reduction of the average 12-20 sessions into 4 - 8 sessions.

In Brief CBT the concentration is on specific treatments for

a limited number of the patient’s problems.

Specificity of the treatment is required because of the

limited number of sessions and because the patient is

required to be diligent in using extra reading materials and

homework to assist in his or her therapeutic growth.

Cognitive emotional behavioural therapy

Cognitive emotional behavioural therapy (CEBT) is a form

of CBT developed initially for individuals with eating

disorders but now used with a range of problems including

anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder , post

traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anger problems.

It combines aspects of CBT and Dialectical Behavioural

Therapy and aims to improve understanding and tolerance of

emotions in order to facilitate the therapeutic process. It is

frequently used as a 'pretreatment' to prepare and better

equip individuals for longer term therapy.

Structured cognitive behavioural training

Structured Cognitive Behavioural Training is a step-by-step

process designed to produce permanent lifestyle

transformation without the frustration and misery that

accompanies unsustainable willpower-based behaviour

change methodologies.

Uses of CBT In adults

• Anxiety disorders

• Depression

• Eating disorders

• Chronic low back pain

• Personality disorders

• Psychosis

• Schizophrenia

• Substance use disorders

• Post-spinal cord injuries

In children or adolescents

• Body dysmorphic disorder

• Depression and suicidality

• Eating disorders and obesity

• Obsessive–compulsive disorder,

• Posttraumatic stress disorder

• Other repetitive behaviour disorders.

Aim of CBT

The aim of therapy is to work in a collaborative way

with therapist in identifying and developing new skills

and life changes, so that ultimately it become own

therapist so when problems arise in the future can

equipped to deal with the situation in a new and more

helpful way.

Problems with CBT

CBT is not a quick fix. A therapist is like a personal

trainer that advises and encourages but cannot 'do' it for

you.

If you are feeling low, it can be difficult to concentrate and

get motivated.

To overcome anxiety, you need to confront it. This may

lead you to feel more anxious for a short time.

A good therapist will pace your sessions. You decide what

you do together, so you stay in control.

Advantages of CBT CBT are very instructive

When clients / patients understand how to counsel themselves

rationally, they have confidence that they will continue to do

well. For this reason, It teach their clients rational self-

counceling skills.

CBT emphasize getting better, rather than feeling better.

By correcting problematic underlying assumptions, CBT creates

long-term results since the cause of the problem is corrected.

CBT are cross-cultural.

They are based on universal laws of human behaviour. They also

focus on the client's goals, rather than attempting to impose the

therapist's goals on the client.

CBT are shorter-term.

The average number of sessions that people spend in

cognitive-behavioural therapy, across the various approaches

to CBT and problems, is 16. There are those people who

require more sessions (sometimes many more), but the

average is 16 sessions.

CBT are structured

CBT are adaptive

The fundamental principle of CBT is that thoughts

(cognitions) cause our feelings and behaviours.

Disadvantages

To benefit from CBT, you need to commit yourself to the

process. A therapist can help and advise you, but cannot

make your problems go away without your co-operation.

Attending regular CBT sessions and carrying out any extra

work between sessions can take up a lot of your time.

Due to the structured nature of CBT, it may not be suitable

for people with more complex mental health needs or

learning difficulties.

As CBT can involve confronting your emotions and

anxieties, you may experience initial periods where you

are more anxious or emotionally uncomfortable.

Some critics argue that because CBT only addresses

current problems and focuses on specific issues, it does

not address the possible underlying causes of mental

health conditions, such as an unhappy childhood.

CBT focuses on the individual’s capacity to change

themselves (their thoughts, feelings and behaviours), and

does not address wider problems in systems or families

that often have a significant impact on an individual’s

health and wellbeing.