Cognitive \ Behavioural

Learning Theory

Experience physically changes the structure of the nervous system, altering neural circuits that participate in perceiving, performing, thinking, planning and reward.

Four Forms of Learning

Perceptual Learning

Stimulus / response learning

Motor learning

Relational learning~

Cognitive \ Behavioural

Stimulus Response Learning

Based on principles of classical conditioning and operant conditioning.

Classical Conditioning

Also termed associative learning or respondent conditioning

“Teaching a response to a new stimulus by pairing that stimulus with another stimulus that elicits that response”– Martin & PearS1 R

S2

Cognitive \ Behavioural

Operant Conditioning

Also termed instrumental conditioning

“The process of strengthening a behaviour by reinforcing it or weakening a behaviour by punishing it” Martin & Pear

ASE

Antecedent Stimulus Event

B

Behaviour

CSE

Consequence Stimulus Event

Cognitive \ Behavioural

Principles

Positive reinforcement

Negative reinforcement

Extinction

Punishment~

Cognitive \ Behavioural

Positive Reinforcement

Strengthening a behaviour by immediately following it with a reward

B BR

Negative Reinforcement

Strengthening a behaviour by immediately following it with the removal or avoidance of something the person doesn’t like

B - R B

Cognitive \ Behavioural

Extinction

Weakening a behaviour by withholding a known positive reinforcer.

Punishment

Weakening of a behaviour by following it with an aversive CSE ( Consequent stimulus event).~