PowerPoint Presentation

Cold War: Domestic and International ImpactSSUSH20SSUSH20 The student will analyze the domestic and international impact of the Cold War on the United States.Describe the creation of the Marshall Plan, U.S. commitment to Europe, the Truman Doctrine, and the origins and implications of the containment policy.Explain the impact of the new communist regime in China and the outbreak of the Korean War and how these events contributed to the rise of Senator Joseph McCarthy.Describe the Cuban Revolution, the Bay of Pigs, and the Cuban Missile Crisis.Describe the Vietnam War, the Tet Offensive, and growing opposition to the war.Explain the role of geography on the U.S. containment policy, the Korean War, the Bay of Pigs, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Vietnam War.

Cold WarCold WarPeriod of time of political and military rivalry between the United States

Berlin AirliftThe supply of food and supplies to West Berlin by Britain and U.S. military air transport during the blockade.

Containment PolicyChecking the expansion or influence of a hostile power or ideology, as by the creation of strategic alliances or support of client states in areas of conflict or unrest.

Containment PolicyFear over spread of communism

Belief that if Soviet Union can not spread its borders, communism will collapse

War without loss of life on the battlefieldMarshall PlanPost world war II plan infused funds in Europe to rebuild the infrastructure and bring vital supplies to European countries while building the economy of the United States through trade.

Marshall Plan16 countries four years - $13 billion in aidChaotic Western European nations needed reconstructionSecretary of State George Marshall said that it was directed not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaosWhat do you call it when someone gives you money to do or to not do something?

Truman DoctrineA policy of containment initiated during the Truman presidency.

Truman Doctrineit must be the policy of the US to support free peoples who are resisting subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures.What outside pressures? How can the US support?US financial aid would help to contain communism where it was and prevent it from spreading to democracies the US supported

NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization; established in 1949 as a military alliance among democratic nations.

Warsaw PactA military and economic agreement between the Soviet Union and other Communist governments in Eastern Europe.

NATO vs Warsaw Pact

Iron CurtainTerm coined by Winston Churchill to characterize the political divide between Communist and democratic countries.

Competition with USSRThe Cold WarWe built an atomic bombThen they built one of their ownHarry S. Truman used the United Nations (UN) to gain allies and trade partnershipsJoseph Stalin would do the sameUS wanted to encourage self-determination and democracyUSSR wanted to encourage communismUS wanted to rebuild European governments and put Germany togetherUSSR wanted to control Eastern Europe (buffer) and divide East & West GermanyUS created their first peacetime alliance (NATO) for military support between US and 11 Western European nationsUSSR created their own alliance set as well (Warsaw Pact)

2nd Red ScareLosing ChinaChina was in a civil war in the 1940s(US supported) Nationalists vs. CommunistsMao Zedong gathered support among Chinese rural peasants to take control of communist ChinaAmerica had spent $3,000,000,000 to help Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shekBUT America is not willing to go to a military solution over China theyre too big and the USSR might get involvedIs China a communist country today?

a war between North and South Korea; South Korea was aided by the United States and other members of the United Nations; 1950-1953

Korean War

Korean WarIn 1950, communist North Korean forces flooded over the 38th parallel into democratic South Korea (whom the US was supposed to protect)Truman sent General Douglas MacArthur back into action (he had served in the Pacific in WWII)MacArthurs strong push is successful until China adds support to North Korea and pushes backMacArthur begged Truman for greenlight to attack China, Truman refuses, MacArthur criticizes, Truman fires him (Americas favorite war hero at the time)The war ended in a stalemate as the 38th parallel remained the border54,000 Americans died in KoreaAmerica spent $67 billionWhat are Americas gains and losses from the Korean war?

Korean War

McCarthyismmid 20th century political approach initiated by Joseph McCarthy, characterized chiefly by the use of unsubstantiated charges used to defame the people he accused of being Communists.

McCarthyismSenator Joseph McCarthy (Wisconsin) brought the issue of anti-communism to Americas front pages and living roomsStirs up a whirlwind fever claiming to have a list of 57 (no 81, no 205!) communists working in the US State DepartmentAccused Democrats of being soft on communismTelevised bullying of US Army led to his discredit and downfallHow was McCarthyism similar to the Salem With Trials?

Cuban Revolutionthe revolution led by Fidel Castro and a small band of guerrilla fighters against a corrupt dictatorship in Cuba; 1956-1959

the Cuban Revolution 1956Fidel Castro led communist revolution for control over Cuba, promising an end to inequality, poverty and dictatorshipRelations with the US got worse, but JFKs new foreign policy when something didnt go our way was flexible response

Bay of PigsFailed 1961 U.S. assisted invasion of Cuba

The Bay of Pigs invasion The CIA trained over 1,000 Cuban exiles to lead invasion of Cuban Bay of Pigs that would lead to overthrow of Castros governmentNothing went as planned and the US army-led invasion was a giant embarrassment and failureThe US had to pay $53 million in supplies for the release of the captured forcesCuba turned to the Soviet Union for more communist big brother support Bay of Pigs

Cuban Missile CrisisConfrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union over the presence of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba in 1962

the Cuban missile crisis1962 October 14: US planes take photos of Soviet missiles in Cuba placed there by the USSR to keep America out in the futureOctober 22: Kennedy informs America of danger in Cuba, intent to limit buildupOctober 24: Kennedy starts naval blockade of CubaOctober 25: Soviet Union ships stopped at blockadeOctober 28: Khrushchev (USSR) vows to pull missiles out of Cuba to avoid bigger conflictUS had to take missiles out of Turkey as well

Vietnam WarAn undeclared war between the United States and North Vietnam to prevent the Communist takeover of South Vietnam (1957 1975)

describing the Vietnam War 1953: Eisenhower explains DOMINO THEORY and how US cannot let another nation fall to communismVietcong will resist US within South VietnamJFK, afraid to be labeled soft on communism, continues US involvement in VietnamAfter USS Maddox fired upon, Congress passes Tonkin Gulf Resolution gives wide war-power to LBJ Vietnam War

Vietnam War

U.S. Troop levels escalate1963: 16,000 (JFK)1964: 50,000 (LBJ)1965: 180,000 (LBJ)1966: 385,000 (LBJ)1967: 500,000 (LBJ)1968: 542,000 (LBJ)1969: 480,000 (Nixon)1970: 225,000 (Nixon)1971: 160,000 (Nixon) 1972: 10,000 (Nixon)A Difficult War to fightElusive/Unclear/Determined EnemyVietcong were fighting a hundred-year-old war for their survivalImpossible Terrain jungles, heat, bugs, rain, traps, hiding Vietcong3.5 million landmines still in Vietnam todayGuerilla Warfare War of AttritionChemical WarfareSinking Troop Morale

Tet OffensiveJanuary 1968 intense military offensive by North Vietnam; turning point in the Vietnam War as public opinion in support of the war began to change.

the Tet offensive TET OFFENSIVE January 1968Tet holiday ceasefire (Vietnamese New Year)Vietcong ignore ceasefire and attack 100 townsVietcong lose 32,000 (ARVN/US lose 3,000), - before Tet: 28% doves, 56% hawks - after Tet: 40% doves, 40% hawks

The Living room war