Cold War NotesCold War Notes

How to fight a war without actually fighting the war How to fight a war without actually fighting the war -or--or-

The war of wordsThe war of words

WWII EndsWWII Ends Germany gets divided into 4 sections Germany gets divided into 4 sections

(Yalta)(Yalta) Democratic – West GermanyDemocratic – West Germany Communist – East GermanyCommunist – East Germany

West Berlin – DemocraticWest Berlin – Democratic East Berlin – CommunistEast Berlin – Communist

Soviet Union sets up buffer zones in Soviet Union sets up buffer zones in Eastern EuropeEastern Europe

Berlin Airlift (1948 – 1949)Berlin Airlift (1948 – 1949) Soviets blockade supplies to West BerlinSoviets blockade supplies to West Berlin USA airlifts supplies for 1 year until Stalin USA airlifts supplies for 1 year until Stalin

lifts blockadelifts blockade 1949 Germany is officially divided1949 Germany is officially divided

Behind the Cold WarBehind the Cold War

Fighting of Diplomacy (no Fighting of Diplomacy (no weaponsweapons

Tensions between US and Tensions between US and USSR escalateUSSR escalate

Cold War Started after Cold War Started after Bolshevik RevolutionBolshevik Revolution Theory was communism spreadTheory was communism spread USA citizens begin to worryUSA citizens begin to worry

What to do with the SovietsWhat to do with the Soviets

Containment Theory – George Containment Theory – George KennanKennan GK never believed US and USSR GK never believed US and USSR

would go to warwould go to war He wanted to contain or block the He wanted to contain or block the

Soviets and stop communism from Soviets and stop communism from spreadingspreading

Communism would either mellow Communism would either mellow or eventually break upor eventually break up

Nazi Germans put up the Berlin WallNazi Germans put up the Berlin Wall

Examples of ContainmentExamples of Containment Marshall Plan – aiding Western Europe Marshall Plan – aiding Western Europe

against communismagainst communism CIA – financed the Christian Democrats CIA – financed the Christian Democrats

in Italy in an election to defeat the in Italy in an election to defeat the CommunistsCommunists

Truman Doctrine – Giving aid to Greece Truman Doctrine – Giving aid to Greece and Turkey to fight Communismand Turkey to fight Communism

NATO – military alliance formed against NATO – military alliance formed against the Soviets by John Foster Dullesthe Soviets by John Foster Dulles

SEATOSEATO CENTOCENTO ANZUSANZUS Warsaw Pact – Formed by the Soviets Warsaw Pact – Formed by the Soviets

to counteract these organizationsto counteract these organizations

Why not bomb the Soviets into Why not bomb the Soviets into the stone age?the stone age? WWII soldiers were not willing to WWII soldiers were not willing to

fight and wanted to go homefight and wanted to go home US would have to occupy the largest US would have to occupy the largest

nation in the worldnation in the world US would have lost an land battle US would have lost an land battle

with the Soviets (e.g. Napoleon, with the Soviets (e.g. Napoleon, Kaiser Wilhelm, Hitler)Kaiser Wilhelm, Hitler)

A-Bombs would not have stopped A-Bombs would not have stopped them because of the largeness of them because of the largeness of their nationtheir nation

Major Players of the Cold WarMajor Players of the Cold War Josef Stalin – Soviet dictatorJosef Stalin – Soviet dictator Marshal Tito – Leader of Communist Marshal Tito – Leader of Communist

YugoslaviaYugoslavia Truman – US president when cold war Truman – US president when cold war

escalatedescalated Eisenhower – US president whose Eisenhower – US president whose

foreign policy was based on foreign policy was based on containmentcontainment

Mao Tse Tung - Communist China Mao Tse Tung - Communist China leaderleader

Nikita Khrushchev – Soviet leader who Nikita Khrushchev – Soviet leader who proclaimed “Peaceful Coexistence” proclaimed “Peaceful Coexistence” with the westwith the west

Fidel Castro – Cuban communist Fidel Castro – Cuban communist dictatordictator

JFK – US president during Cuban JFK – US president during Cuban Missile CrisisMissile Crisis

Korean War – Communism tries Korean War – Communism tries to spread (first hot war of the cold to spread (first hot war of the cold war)war) 1943 – Cairo Conference – 1943 – Cairo Conference –

Korean would remain free and Korean would remain free and independentindependent Chaing Kai-Shek (China)Chaing Kai-Shek (China) Winston Churchill (Great Britain)Winston Churchill (Great Britain) FDR (USA)FDR (USA)

After WWIIAfter WWII North of 38 parallel - CommunistNorth of 38 parallel - Communist South of 38 parallel - DemocraticSouth of 38 parallel - Democratic

Korean War ContinuedKorean War Continued

1949 national election1949 national election South – democraticSouth – democratic North – communistNorth – communist

Wanted unity but under their Wanted unity but under their own form of governmentown form of government

Korean War ContinuedKorean War Continued

June 1950 – NK marches June 1950 – NK marches across the 38across the 38thth parallel parallel

U.N. security council votes to U.N. security council votes to assist SKassist SK

Bulk of troops came from USBulk of troops came from US Only wanted to contain Only wanted to contain

communismcommunism Did not take any territoryDid not take any territory

Events of the Korean WarEvents of the Korean War

Macarthur gets firedMacarthur gets fired Wanted to advance on ChinaWanted to advance on China Wanted to completely destroy Wanted to completely destroy

communismcommunism Gets canned by Truman for Gets canned by Truman for

violating containmentviolating containment War ends in a stalemateWar ends in a stalemate Objective of containment Objective of containment

successfulsuccessful

Truce TermsTruce Terms

3838thth parallel divides North Korea parallel divides North Korea and South Koreaand South Korea

U.N. Troops have to evacuate U.N. Troops have to evacuate islands off of NKislands off of NK

ResultsResults

US and USSR had negative US and USSR had negative feelings escalatedfeelings escalated

NK communist – poor and NK communist – poor and backwardsbackwards

SK democratic – booming SK democratic – booming economyeconomy

First time international team First time international team fought in another nation’s war fought in another nation’s war