Cold Water Hatchery

8/7/2019 Cold Water Hatchery

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CHARACTERSTIC OF COLD WATERCHARACTERSTIC OF COLD WATER

Highly condenseHighly condense

High oxygen concentrationHigh oxygen concentration

More inorganic soilMore inorganic soil

Low concentration of carbon di oxideLow concentration of carbon di oxide

Sparse vegetationSparse vegetation

Sparse foodSparse food

Low fertilityLow fertility

High transparencyHigh transparency

Rocky to pebble bottomRocky to pebble bottomHigh gradientHigh gradient

Fast water flowFast water flow


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REQUISITE FOR COLD WATER FISH FARMREQUISITE FOR COLD WATER FISH FARM

SOURCE OF WATERSOURCE OF WATER

RiverRiver

StreamStream

LakeLake

springspring


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The water from river and stream posses aThe water from river and stream posses a

problem of wide ranging fluctuation inproblem of wide ranging fluctuation in

temperature (0temperature (0--2525OOC) and also carried siltC) and also carried siltloadload..

In the lake water of middle depth isIn the lake water of middle depth is

suitable but it requires a mechanicalsuitable but it requires a mechanicaldevice to lift the water.device to lift the water.

Water from the spring is considered moreWater from the spring is considered more

suitable with little fluctuation insuitable with little fluctuation intemperature (8.0temperature (8.0--15.015.0OOC) all the yearC) all the year

around.around.


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WATER QUALITYWATER QUALITY

PARAMETERSPARAMETERS TROUTTROUT MAHSEERMAHSEER

Temperature (Temperature (OOC)C) 66--1818 2020--2525

Suspended solidsSuspended solids

(ppm)(ppm)


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DESIGN OF COLD WATER FISHDESIGN OF COLD WATER FISH

FARMFARM

Based on flow through or running water system.Based on flow through or running water system.Tanks are generally brick line, cemented with RCCTanks are generally brick line, cemented with RCCflooring.flooring.

Tanks may be rectangular, hexagonal and evenTanks may be rectangular, hexagonal and evencircular in shape.circular in shape.

Depth of tanks should be


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CULTURE OPERATIONCULTURE OPERATION

The most important steps involved in culture ofThe most important steps involved in culture of

cold water fishes arecold water fishes are--

Care of broodersCare of brooders

Induced breedingInduced breeding

FertilizationFertilization

Incubation and hatchingIncubation and hatching

Rearing of fry and fingerlings in nursery pondsRearing of fry and fingerlings in nursery ponds

Rearing of one year old fish in growing pondsRearing of one year old fish in growing ponds


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CARE OF BROOD STOCKCARE OF BROOD STOCK

Success of farming will depends on the quality ofSuccess of farming will depends on the quality ofbrood fish stock available.brood fish stock available.

Brood stock should be maintain by giving theBrood stock should be maintain by giving the

nutritive diet consisting wet & dry ingredients.nutritive diet consisting wet & dry ingredients.

Pellets are made with binder so that they do notPellets are made with binder so that they do notdisintegrate quickly in water.disintegrate quickly in water.

The rate of feeding will be strictly govern byThe rate of feeding will be strictly govern byprevailing temperature.prevailing temperature.

The rate of feed given to the brood stock perThe rate of feed given to the brood stock perday will decrease with the fall in temperature.day will decrease with the fall in temperature.


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INDUCED BREEDING/STRIPPINGINDUCED BREEDING/STRIPPING

It is carried out when fish is mature & fullyIt is carried out when fish is mature & fully

ripe.ripe.

The artificial act of obtaining the eggs fromT

he artificial act of obtaining the eggs fromfemale and sperm from male is calledfemale and sperm from male is called

stripping.stripping.

For stripping tub, mug, bucket, eggsFor stripping tub, mug, bucket, eggs

receptacles, 3% common salt solution (usedreceptacles, 3% common salt solution (used

as prophylactic) are required.as prophylactic) are required.


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Method of strippingMethod of stripping

OneOne--man methodman method

Two men methodTwo men method

Incision methodIncision methodAustralian methodAustralian method

Among themAmong them two men methodtwo men method isis

most convenient.most convenient.


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Two men method of strippingTwo men method of stripping In this method one man holds the mature fish & other performs the eggIn this method one man holds the mature fish & other performs the egg--

taking operation.taking operation.

The holder wears gloves in both hands and grasps the fish by the caudalThe holder wears gloves in both hands and grasps the fish by the caudalpeduncle with one hand and pectoral fin with the other hand.peduncle with one hand and pectoral fin with the other hand.

The holder then moves the fish over the dry eggThe holder then moves the fish over the dry egg--taking pan.taking pan.

With the fish held tail end down, so that the ripe eggs flow by gravity towardsWith the fish held tail end down, so that the ripe eggs flow by gravity towardsthe vent, the spawn taker , who sits at the opposite end, gently presses outthe vent, the spawn taker , who sits at the opposite end, gently presses outthe eggs with the help of his thumb and forethe eggs with the help of his thumb and fore--finger beginning to apply gentlefinger beginning to apply gentlepressure, a little anterior to the vent.pressure, a little anterior to the vent.

The spawn taker's hand is then moved further anterior and gentle pressureThe spawn taker's hand is then moved further anterior and gentle pressureis continued to be applied as necessary to assist the natural release of eggs,is continued to be applied as necessary to assist the natural release of eggs,till all that oozes freely from the fish, is obtained.till all that oozes freely from the fish, is obtained.

Pressure should not be applied anterior to the ventral fins, lest it injures thePressure should not be applied anterior to the ventral fins, lest it injures theheart & the liver of the fishheart & the liver of the fish


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continuedcontinued

Immediately after stripping the female, theImmediately after stripping the female, themale is stripped of milt which is spreadmale is stripped of milt which is spreadover the eggs with the bird feather toover the eggs with the bird feather toensure sent% fertilization.ensure sent% fertilization.

After 5After 5--10 minutes the excess of milt and10 minutes the excess of milt andforeign particles are removed by repeatedforeign particles are removed by repeated

washing with clean water.washing with clean water.After cleaning operation eggs are allowedAfter cleaning operation eggs are allowed

to stand in small quantity of water till theyto stand in small quantity of water till theybecome hard to estimate the rate ofbecome hard to estimate the rate of

fertilization.fertilization.


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TWO MEN METHOD OFTWO MEN METHOD OF

STRIPPINGSTRIPPING


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Estimation of fertilization rateEstimation of fertilization rate

After hardening, the eggs are taken & keptAfter hardening, the eggs are taken & kept

in 5% glacial acetic acid for about 24 hrs.in 5% glacial acetic acid for about 24 hrs.

In this treatment nonviable eggs becomeIn this treatment nonviable eggs become

transparent and viable eggs becometransparent and viable eggs become

translucent.translucent.


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Transfer of eggsTransfer of eggs

After fertilization eggs are ready to transfer inAfter fertilization eggs are ready to transfer inhatching trough & trays.hatching trough & trays.

Hatching trough &Hatching trough & traystrays--These are made up ofThese are made up of

wood, cement, GI sheet, rein force plastic.wood, cement, GI sheet, rein force plastic.

The dimension of hatching troughs ranges betweenThe dimension of hatching troughs ranges between200x33x10 cm and 400x90x60 cm in hatcheries of200x33x10 cm and 400x90x60 cm in hatcheries of

Kashmir, Himanchal Pradesh, UP, Tamilnadu, andKashmir, Himanchal Pradesh, UP, Tamilnadu, andKerala.Kerala.

The size of hatching trays are adjusted according toThe size of hatching trays are adjusted according tothe size of trough.the size of trough.


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MAHASEER HATCHERYMAHASEER HATCHERY


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Site selectionSite selection Should be at higher elevation to ensure sufficient flow of water.Should be at higher elevation to ensure sufficient flow of water.

Safe from high flood zone.Safe from high flood zone.

Water source should be of good quality and adequate inWater source should be of good quality and adequate inquantity.quantity.

Water supply should haveWater supply should have--

--moderate gradientmoderate gradient

--uniform temperatureuniform temperature

--gravity water supplygravity water supply

Hatchery should be protected from direct sun light.Hatchery should be protected from direct sun light.

Should have adequate neat & clean working place.Should have adequate neat & clean working place.

Least human activities along its catchments area.Least human activities along its catchments area.


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WATER SOURCEWATER SOURCE

Source of water may be Brook or streamSource of water may be Brook or streamhaving low silt content and organichaving low silt content and organicnutrient.nutrient.

Water should be free from pollutant andWater should be free from pollutant andother toxic substances.other toxic substances.

Spring water is the ideal.Spring water is the ideal.

Oxygen contentOxygen content-- 77--9 mg/l9 mg/l TemperatureTemperature--2020--2525OO CC


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continuedcontinued

Water is passed through a desilting device beforeWater is passed through a desilting device before

fed to the hatchery.fed to the hatchery.

Distribution of water should be so regulated thatDistribution of water should be so regulated thateach unit (hatching trough, nursery tanks etc.)each unit (hatching trough, nursery tanks etc.)

have separate inlet to receive the requiredhave separate inlet to receive the required

quantity of fresh oxygenated water.quantity of fresh oxygenated water.


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FLOW THROUGH HATCHERY OF NRCCWFFLOW THROUGH HATCHERY OF NRCCWF

A flow through hatchery design and fabricated by NationalA flow through hatchery design and fabricated by NationalResearch Centre of Cold Water Fisheries (NRCCWF) rearingResearch Centre of Cold Water Fisheries (NRCCWF) rearing

ofof--0.25million eggs,0.25million eggs,

0.2million swim up,0.2million swim up,

0.120.12--0.15million advanced fry0.15million advanced fry..

Capacity can increased with installation of more trough, traysCapacity can increased with installation of more trough, trays& nursery facility with substantial increase in the water& nursery facility with substantial increase in the waterquantity through overhead tank.quantity through overhead tank.

This hatchery is very useful to producing stocking materials ofThis hatchery is very useful to producing stocking materials ofgolden Mahseer on large scale for ranching in natural water &golden Mahseer on large scale for ranching in natural water &

for raising under aquaculture program.for raising under aquaculture program.


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MAHSEER HATCHERY ATMAHSEER HATCHERY AT

BHIMTALBHIMTAL


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FLOW THROUGH HATCHERY OF MAHSEERFLOW THROUGH HATCHERY OF MAHSEER

HATCHERY COMPONENTHATCHERY COMPONENT-- Trough,Trough,

Trays ,Trays ,

Nursery tanks,Nursery tanks,

Fry tank,Fry tank,

Other supporting facility.Other supporting facility.


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a) TROUGHa) TROUGH--

for rearing thefor rearing the eggs, larvae, & early fry.eggs, larvae, & early fry.

It may be different shape & size.It may be different shape & size.

Generally rectangular trough ofGenerally rectangular trough of220cmx50cmx40cm220cmx50cmx40cm sizesizeare used.are used.

Each trough should have capacity to hold sufficientEach trough should have capacity to hold sufficientwater.water.

Each trough should have separate inlet & outlet system.Each trough should have separate inlet & outlet system.

b) TRAYSb) TRAYS--

Made up of fibre glass or wood.Made up of fibre glass or wood.

May be rectangular or square shape.May be rectangular or square shape.

Size is so adjusted that 4Size is so adjusted that 4--5 trays can be placed in each5 trays can be placed in each

trough.trough. Bottom of each hatching tray is fitted with the syntheticBottom of each hatching tray is fitted with the synthetic

netting cloth ( mesh size 2mm) to ensure regular waternetting cloth ( mesh size 2mm) to ensure regular watermovement.movement.

Height of each trays ranges from 3Height of each trays ranges from 3--4 inches.4 inches.


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The outside dimension of each trays are such that they can beThe outside dimension of each trays are such that they can beaccommodated in series along the length of each trough.accommodated in series along the length of each trough.

The size of each trayThe size of each tray (50x30x10cm)(50x30x10cm) has capacity to holdhas capacity to hold

40004000--5000 fertilized eggs.5000 fertilized eggs.c) NURSERY TANKSc) NURSERY TANKS--

Used for rearing theUsed for rearing the early fry to advanced fryearly fry to advanced fry of mahseer.of mahseer.

Varies in shape and size.Varies in shape and size.

Should not be very deep.Should not be very deep. Suggested size of rectangular nursery tank canSuggested size of rectangular nursery tank can

be(2.0x0.75x0.60m) and circular tank (dia 2.2x0.75).be(2.0x0.75x0.60m) and circular tank (dia 2.2x0.75).

d) FRY PONDd) FRY POND--

Used for rearingUsed for rearing advanced fry to fingerlingsadvanced fry to fingerlings of mahseer.of mahseer.

It is generally earthen ponds of (5.0x1.5x0.7m) size.It is generally earthen ponds of (5.0x1.5x0.7m) size.

Can also be constructed using stone, cement or fibre glass.Can also be constructed using stone, cement or fibre glass.

Should have continuous water supply.Should have continuous water supply.

Fry can be stock @1000nos./mFry can be stock @1000nos./m22..


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PONDPOND


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e) OTHER SUPPORTING FACILITYe) OTHER SUPPORTING FACILITY--

Laboratory for monitoring & analysis of hatcheLaboratory for monitoring & analysis of hatche

operation.operation. Store room for hatchery equipment etc.Store room for hatchery equipment etc.


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INTRODUCTION OF GOLDEN MAHSEERINTRODUCTION OF GOLDEN MAHSEER

It is a indigenous fish, available in the uplands of IndianIt is a indigenous fish, available in the uplands of Indiansubcontinent all along the Himalayan belt.subcontinent all along the Himalayan belt.

It is commonly known asIt is commonly known as golden putitorgolden putitorororHimalayanHimalayanmahseer.mahseer.

It is known as a migratory fish running upstream in theIt is known as a migratory fish running upstream in themain river for spawning.main river for spawning.

The fish is seem to avoid very cold water (7The fish is seem to avoid very cold water (700c).c).

Himalayan mahseer basically herbivorous preferring toHimalayan mahseer basically herbivorous preferring tofeed on small organisms. The juveniles being voraciousfeed on small organisms. The juveniles being voraciousfeeder mainly feed on planktonic algae, crustaceans &feeder mainly feed on planktonic algae, crustaceans &insect.insect.


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Based on the study of gonads ofBased on the study of gonads ofTorTor

putitoraputitora, Khan (1939) came to conclusion, Khan (1939) came to conclusion

that, this species breeds in the norththat, this species breeds in the north--western Himalayas three timeswestern Himalayas three times--

In the winter months of Jan and FebIn the winter months of Jan and Feb

In the summer months of May and JuneIn the summer months of May and June In the monsoon months of July to OctIn the monsoon months of July to Oct

In Kumaon lakes, mahseer was observedIn Kumaon lakes, mahseer was observed

to breed at the commencement ofto breed at the commencement ofmonsoons.monsoons.

Male attain maturity at 2+year (250mmMale attain maturity at 2+year (250mm

size), while female at 3+year (300mmsize), while female at 3+year (300mm


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IDENTIFICATION OF MATUREIDENTIFICATION OF MATURE

MALE AND FEMALE OFMALE AND FEMALE OF

GOLDEN MAHSEERGOLDEN MAHSEERMATURE FEMALEMATURE FEMALE

Dull coloration.Dull coloration.

Bulging belly.Bulging belly.

Feeling the softness of abdomen.Feeling the softness of abdomen.

Pink coloration of vent.Pink coloration of vent.

Gravidness (by applying a slight pressure on the belly toGravidness (by applying a slight pressure on the belly toconfirm free release of eggs.)confirm free release of eggs.)

MATURE MALEMATURE MALE

Bright color.Bright color.

Thicker and protruded lips.Thicker and protruded lips.

Jet flow of milt when gentle pressure is applied near the vent.Jet flow of milt when gentle pressure is applied near the vent.


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COLLECTION OF SPAWNERS/BROOD STOCKCOLLECTION OF SPAWNERS/BROOD STOCK

From stream, lakes, reservoirs.From stream, lakes, reservoirs.

Gill nets are fixed in the deep lake andGill nets are fixed in the deep lake and

reservoirs during the spawning season.reservoirs during the spawning season.

Released carefully to avoid any damage.Released carefully to avoid any damage.Male and female are kept in separate containerMale and female are kept in separate container

or tanks before spawning.or tanks before spawning.

After stripping spawners should be releasedAfter stripping spawners should be releasedback into pond after giving prophylacticback into pond after giving prophylactic

treatment of KMnOtreatment of KMnO44 @ 5%.@ 5%.


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STRIPPING OPERATIONSTRIPPING OPERATION


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FERTILIZATION OF EGGSFERTILIZATION OF EGGS

One tea spoon milt is sufficient to fertilized large quantityOne tea spoon milt is sufficient to fertilized large quantityof eggs squeezed from 2of eggs squeezed from 2--3 female.3 female.

Mixing of small quantity of water with two sex productsMixing of small quantity of water with two sex productsensure complete fertilization.ensure complete fertilization.

Do not allow the direct sun light.Do not allow the direct sun light.

Eggs should not be disturbed.Eggs should not be disturbed. After sometime through repeated washing excessive miltAfter sometime through repeated washing excessive milt

& extra numerous materials are wash out.& extra numerous materials are wash out.

Then eggs are kept in water for hardening process forThen eggs are kept in water for hardening process for

about 30about 30-- 45 minutes.45 minutes. Size of fertilized eggsSize of fertilized eggs ----3.53.5 -- 4.0mm4.0mm

Rate of fertilization is estimated by acetic acid method.Rate of fertilization is estimated by acetic acid method.


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EGGS OF MAHSEEREGGS OF MAHSEER

ColourColour-- pale yellow to bright orangepale yellow to bright orange

DiameterDiameter--2.52.5--3.5 mm3.5 mm

NatureNature--Adhesive (newly stripped eggs)Adhesive (newly stripped eggs)

FecundityFecundity (nos. of eggs/kg body wt)(nos. of eggs/kg body wt)--30003000--

6000 eggs/burst6000 eggs/burst


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QUANTIFICATION OF EGGSQUANTIFICATION OF EGGS

To maintain a proper record of total number of eggs stripped,To maintain a proper record of total number of eggs stripped,

fertilized in a hatchery.fertilized in a hatchery. For assessment of overall survival at different developmentalFor assessment of overall survival at different developmentalstages.stages.

Method of quantificationMethod of quantification--1.1. VolumetricVolumetric

--Measure by volume in eggs/ml.Measure by volume in eggs/ml.

--Ranges between 30Ranges between 30--35 eggs/ ml by volume.35 eggs/ ml by volume.

2.2. GravimetricGravimetric

-- measure by weight in eggs/g.measure by weight in eggs/g.--Ranges between 60Ranges between 60--100 eggs/g by wt.100 eggs/g by wt.


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INCUBATION OF EGGSINCUBATION OF EGGS

The fertilized eggs are incubated in a systemThe fertilized eggs are incubated in a systemhavinghaving

--continuous supply of fresh & clean water.continuous supply of fresh & clean water.

--sufficient Osufficient O22 content (7.5content (7.5--9.0 mg/l).9.0 mg/l).

--free from silt and other materials.free from silt and other materials.--water temperature (20water temperature (20--2525OOC).C).

Incubation periodIncubation period--

--8080--96 hrs or 4 days at 2096 hrs or 4 days at 20--2525OO C temperature.C temperature.

--1010--12 days for complete absorption of yolk sac.12 days for complete absorption of yolk sac.


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TableTable--quantity Of Water Required Duringquantity Of Water Required During

Different Phase Of MahseerDifferent Phase Of Mahseer

FISHFISH

STAGESSTAGES

WATERWATER

FLOW(L/min)FLOW(L/min)

STOCKINGSTOCKING

DENSITYDENSITY

TEMP.(TEMP.(00C)C)

Incubation ofIncubation of

FertilizedFertilizedeggseggs

1.51.5--2.02.0 50005000--

10,00010,000

2020--2525

Swim up fry &Swim up fry &

early fryearly fry

2.02.0--3.03.0 30003000--50005000 2525--2727

Fry &Fry &

advanced fryadvanced fry

3.03.0--5.05.0 10001000--30003000 2525--3030


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INTRODUCTION OF TROUT IN INDIINTRODUCTION OF TROUT IN INDI

BROWN TROUTBROWN TROUT

STATESTATE YEARYEAR SOURCESOURCE PRESENTPRESENT

STATUSSTATUS

HPHP 19111911--19121912 KASHMIRKASHMIR ESTABLISHEDESTABLISHED

UKUK 19111911--19121912 KASHMIRKASHMIR ESTABLISHEDESTABLISHED

TNTN 18631863--18731873 ENGLANDENGLAND FAILUREFAILURE


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RAIN BOW TROUTRAIN BOW TROUT


STATUSSTATUS

HPHP 19191919 KASHMIRKASHMIR ESTABLISHEDESTABLISHED

HPHP 19221922 NORWAYNORWAY ESTABLISHEDESTABLISHED

KASHMIRKASHMIR 19041904 ENGLANDENGLAND ESTABLISHEDESTABLISHED

UKUK 19761976 HPHP ESTABLISHEDESTABLISHED


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BROOK TROUTBROOK TROUT


STATUSSTATUS

KASHMIRKASHMIR 19691969 CANADACANADA FAILUREFAILURE


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TROUT FARM IN INDIATROUT FARM IN INDIA

Arunanchal PradeshArunanchal Pradesh-- Nurnahg, Shergaon,Nurnahg, Shergaon,Himanchal PradeshHimanchal Pradesh-- Barot, Chirgaon, Sangla,Barot, Chirgaon, Sangla,

Mahili, PatlicuhlMahili, Patlicuhl

Jammu & KashmirJammu & Kashmir--Achhabal, HarwanAchhabal, Harwan,,

Kokernag, Laribal, Papchan, TrickerKokernag, Laribal, Papchan, Tricker

KeralaKerala-- Raja Mallay, IrabikolamRaja Mallay, Irabikolam


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TROUT FARM IN INDIATROUT FARM IN INDIA

MeghalayMeghalay-- ShillongShillongNagalandNagaland-- KohimaKohima

SikkimSikkim-- GangtokGangtok

TamilnaduTamilnadu-- AvalancheAvalancheUttarakhandUttarakhand-- Bairangna ,Chirapani, KaldhyaniBairangna ,Chirapani, Kaldhyani,,

TalwariTalwari


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Biological featureBiological feature

Brown trout & Rain Bow trout are carnivorous,Brown trout & Rain Bow trout are carnivorous,site feeder & voracious feeder.site feeder & voracious feeder.

FecundityFecundity-- 2000 eggs/kg body wt.2000 eggs/kg body wt.

Breeding seasonBreeding season---- early winter or Novearly winter or Nov--Jan (Brown trout )Jan (Brown trout )

-- Late winter or FebLate winter or Feb--March (Rain bow trout)March (Rain bow trout)

The rainbow trout haveThe rainbow trout have-- wider thermal tolerance,wider thermal tolerance,shorter incubation period, more resistance toshorter incubation period, more resistance todisease, grow faster in comparison to browndisease, grow faster in comparison to browntrout.trout.


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TROUT CULTURETROUT CULTURE

For sport fishingFor sport fishing

For foodFor food

Culture involves following stepsCulture involves following steps-- EggEgg--taking from healthy brood fishtaking from healthy brood fish

Incubation of the eggsIncubation of the eggs

Rearing of young fry in nursery pondsRearing of young fry in nursery ponds

Raising of fingerlings in growing pondsRaising of fingerlings in growing ponds Producing yearlings in raceways, circular pondsProducing yearlings in raceways, circular ponds


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Site selection & watersupplySite selection & watersupply

Moderate rain fall.Moderate rain fall.

Moderate gradient.Moderate gradient.

Moderate foliage cover.Moderate foliage cover.

Moderate but uniform temperature.Moderate but uniform temperature.

Adequate limestone and other minerals deposits.Adequate limestone and other minerals deposits. Absence of grazing, logging, mining similar activity onAbsence of grazing, logging, mining similar activity on

water shed.water shed.

Provision of under ground pipe line in the hatchery toProvision of under ground pipe line in the hatchery tominimize temperature change.minimize temperature change.

Covering of water supply channels to prevent surfaceCovering of water supply channels to prevent surfacecontamination.contamination.


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WATER QUALITYWATER QUALITY

TEMPERATURETEMPERATURE

Normally optimum rangeNormally optimum range-- 66--1818OOCC

For developing eggs & swimFor developing eggs & swim--up fryup fry-- 1010OOCC

For fingerlings & big fishesFor fingerlings & big fishes--

1515--171700C (optimum)C (optimum)1010--2121OOC (tolerable)C (tolerable)

SUSPENDED SOLIDSSUSPENDED SOLIDS

Should be


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pHpH Normal rangeNormal range-- 6.7 to 8.26.7 to 8.2

At >9.0 Ph, found that mortality among eggs andAt >9.0 Ph, found that mortality among eggs and

alevins of trout.alevins of trout.

Dissolved oxygenDissolved oxygen Optimum rangeOptimum range -- 88--12 ppm12 ppm

Lethal rangeLethal range -- 3ppm3ppm Lowest safe levelLowest safe level -- 5 ppm5 ppm


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FREE CARBON DI OXIDEFREE CARBON DI OXIDE Optimum levelOptimum level--2ppm2ppm

Stream fed waterStream fed water--0.70.7--1.8 ppm1.8 ppm

Spring waterSpring water-- 2.32.3--2.8 ppm2.8 ppm

TOTAL ALKALINITYTOTAL ALKALINITY

In stream fed trout farmIn stream fed trout farm-- 7979--90 ppm90 ppm

In spring fed hatcheriesIn spring fed hatcheries--8686--112 ppm112 ppm

Above 100 ppmAbove 100 ppm-- high biological productivityhigh biological productivity


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CARE OF BROOD STOCKCARE OF BROOD STOCK

Before 2Before 2--3 months of breeding season3 months of breeding season

male & female fish are kept in separatemale & female fish are kept in separate

pools.pools.

Give nutritious diet e.g.. fish meal orGive nutritious diet e.g.. fish meal or

partially boiled meat & barley flour in thepartially boiled meat & barley flour in the

ratio of 1:20.ratio of 1:20.


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IDENTIFICATION OF MALE & FEMALEIDENTIFICATION OF MALE & FEMALE

characterscharacters Brown troutBrown trout Rainbow troutRainbow trout

malemale femalefemale malemale femalefemale

Body shapeBody shape Laterally compressedLaterally compressedduring breedingduring breeding

seasonseason

Rounded &Rounded &

distended in ripedistended in ripe

specimenspecimen

normalnormal NormalNormal

Snout &Snout &

lower jawlower jaw

Lower jaw hooked,Lower jaw hooked,

hook more prominenthook more prominent

in mature fishin mature fish

Lower jaw notLower jaw not

hookedhooked

Lower jaw hookedLower jaw hooked Lower jaw notLower jaw not

hookedhooked

BodyBody

colourationcolouration

White strips at theWhite strips at the

outer margin of analouter margin of anal

finfin

White strip absentWhite strip absent Red strips onRed strips on

lateral sidelateral side

increase in numberincrease in number

during breedingduring breeding

seasonseason

Red strips do notRed strips do not

show any increaseshow any increase

in numberin number

GenitalGenitala illaa illa

absentabsent presentpresent absentabsent presentpresent


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SPAWNING PERIODSPAWNING PERIOD

Name of hatcheryName of hatchery Period of spawningPeriod ofspawning

Brown troutBrown trout Rainbow troutRainbow trout

Chirgaon (HP)Chirgaon (HP) Mid NovMid Nov--Mid DecMid Dec End FebEnd Feb Mid MarchMid March

Sangla(HP)Sangla(HP) Mid NovMid Nov-- Mid DecMid Dec ------------------

Barot(HP)Barot(HP) End DecEnd Dec--mid Janmid Jan Mid FebMid Feb End FebEnd Feb

Laribal(J & K)Laribal(J & K) DecDec JanJan JanJan-- FebFeb

Achhabal(J & K)Achhabal(J & K) DecDec JanJan ----------------------

Kaldhyani(UK)Kaldhyani(UK) DecDec JanJan ----------------------

Avalanch(TN)Avalanch(TN) ------------------------ SeptSept -- FebFeb

Rajamalay(Kerala)Rajamalay(Kerala) -------------------------- SeptSept


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EGG TAKING OR STRIPPINGEGG TAKING OR STRIPPING Operation should be quicker.Operation should be quicker.

The egg taking operation can be greatly speeded ifThe egg taking operation can be greatly speeded if

the working condition are reasonably comfortable &the working condition are reasonably comfortable &

facilities for stripping are prearranged.facilities for stripping are prearranged. Brood fish should available at the spot of stripping.Brood fish should available at the spot of stripping.

Tubs, buckets, mugs etc. are kept ready forTubs, buckets, mugs etc. are kept ready for

temporary holding the brood fish.temporary holding the brood fish.

The egg receptacles, bird feather (quill), cover forThe egg receptacles, bird feather (quill), cover for

receptacles and 3% salt solution to serve asreceptacles and 3% salt solution to serve as

prophylactic for stripped fish are kept readyprophylactic for stripped fish are kept ready


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A female rainbow trout ready forA female rainbow trout ready for

strippingstripping


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Fertilization of eggsFertilization of eggs

After taking the eggs & milt in the spawning pan, sexAfter taking the eggs & milt in the spawning pan, sexproducts are mixed with the help of quill.products are mixed with the help of quill.

Because of the sensitivity of trout eggs to light, it isBecause of the sensitivity of trout eggs to light, it isadvisable to use dark & black colored spawning pan.advisable to use dark & black colored spawning pan.

Egg taking pans of earthen, enamel & plastic materialEgg taking pans of earthen, enamel & plastic materialare used.are used.

To ensure a high rate of fertilization, sufficient quantityTo ensure a high rate of fertilization, sufficient quantityof milt has to be spread over the eggs in the pan.of milt has to be spread over the eggs in the pan.

One tea spoon milt is sufficient to fertilize eggs from twoOne tea spoon milt is sufficient to fertilize eggs from twofemale (450 g) yielding about 1,300 eggs.female (450 g) yielding about 1,300 eggs.


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Newly taken eggs areNewly taken eggs areslightly adhesive.slightly adhesive.

About 5About 5--10 minutes after10 minutes aftermixing the two sexmixing the two sexproduct, foreign particles ifproduct, foreign particles ifpresent are removed andpresent are removed andexcess milt poured off byexcess milt poured off by

repeated washingrepeated washing.. A small quantity of waterA small quantity of wateris added to the pan tois added to the pan tokeep the eggs submergedkeep the eggs submergedfor hardening.for hardening.

Harden eggs appear toHarden eggs appear tohave a greenish tinge.have a greenish tinge.

Green eggs are ready toGreen eggs are ready tobe put in hatching boxes.be put in hatching boxes.

To estimate the rate ofTo estimate the rate offertilization, acetic acidfertilization, acetic acid

method is used.method is used.


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Quantification of eggsQuantification of eggs

Volumetric methodVolumetric method

Gravimetric methodGravimetric method

Borrows displacement methodBorrows displacement method Van Bayer methodVan Bayer method


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INCUBATION OF EGGSINCUBATION OF EGGS

After the trout eggs are water hardened andAfter the trout eggs are water hardened andcounted, they are transferred to a hatchery forcounted, they are transferred to a hatchery forincubation.incubation.

There are several methods of incubating troutThere are several methods of incubating trouteggs.eggs.

For incubation we useFor incubation we use--

-- Flat trays and troughFlat trays and trough

-- Trout eggs incubatorsTrout eggs incubators-- The vibert systemThe vibert system

-- The jar systemThe jar system


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Development Of Trout EggsDevelopment Of Trout Eggs

The rate of development depend s onThe rate of development depend s onwater temperature.water temperature.

There are four major stages up to swim upThere are four major stages up to swim up

fry.fry.Green eggGreen egg

Eyed eggEyed egg

Sac fry or alevinSac fry or alevin SwimSwim--up fryup fry


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INCUBATION PERIOD IN DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE RANGEINCUBATION PERIOD IN DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE RANGE

Species and theirSpecies and their

developmental stagedevelopmental stage

W.T (range)W.T (range) 3.03.0 -- 7.07.0 OO CC 7.07.0 -- 11.011.0 OO CC 11.011.0 --13.013.0OO CC

I.P. (range)I.P. (range) DaysDays DaysDays DaysDays

BROWN TROUTBROWN TROUT

GreenGreen -- eyed eggseyed eggs 4141--5050 2121--3030 1515--2020

Eyed alevinEyed alevin 3131--4040 1515--2323 1111--1515

AlevinAlevin swim up fryswim up fry 3232--4040 1010--1212 1010--1212

TotaldurationTotalduration 104104--140140 4646--6565 3636--4646

ESTERN BROOK TROUTESTERN BROOK TROUT

GreenGreen -- eyed eggseyed eggs 2929--3535 -- --

Eyed alevinEyed alevin 2626--3737 -- --

AlevinAlevin swim up fryswim up fry 3030--3232 -- --

TotaldurationTotalduration 8585--104104 -- --

RAIN BOW TROUTRAIN BOW TROUT

GreenGreen -- eyed eggseyed eggs -- 2121--2929 1010--1515

Eyed alevinEyed alevin -- 2020--2727 88--1212

AlevinAlevin swim up fryswim up fry -- 1010--1515 1010--1212

TotaldurationTotalduration -- 5151--7171 2828--3939


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COMPONENTS OF TROUT HATCHERYCOMPONENTS OF TROUT HATCHERY

Trough & traysTrough & trays

Nursery pondsNursery ponds

Growing ponds & racewaysGrowing ponds & raceways


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Flat trays and troughFlat trays and trough For the incubation of eggs.For the incubation of eggs.

Made up of wood( painted with asphalt), PVCMade up of wood( painted with asphalt), PVC(light blue colored), concrete, aluminum.(light blue colored), concrete, aluminum.

Number of hatching trough varies according toNumber of hatching trough varies according tocapacity of rearing.capacity of rearing.

Size ranges between 200x33x10 cm andSize ranges between 200x33x10 cm and400x90x60 cm.400x90x60 cm.

Size of hatching trays are adjusted according toSize of hatching trays are adjusted according tothe size of the trough.the size of the trough.


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NURSERY PONDSNURSERY PONDS

For the rearing of fry.For the rearing of fry.

SizeSize 3.0x1.0x0.75m to 10.0x1.0x0.75m.3.0x1.0x0.75m to 10.0x1.0x0.75m.

Inflow of water ranges between 20 and 30Inflow of water ranges between 20 and 30gallons per minute.gallons per minute.

Materials of nurseries range from RCC toMaterials of nurseries range from RCC to

stone walled ponds.stone walled ponds.


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GROWING PONDS or RACEWAYSGROWING PONDS or RACEWAYS

For rearing fingerlings.For rearing fingerlings.

RACE WAYSRACE WAYS--,,

1.RECTANGULAR RACEWAY1.RECTANGULAR RACEWAY

A raceway is usually an artificial water body of elongate shape.A raceway is usually an artificial water body of elongate shape.

A raceway can be connected to a series of other raceways, the latter are theA raceway can be connected to a series of other raceways, the latter are the

drop level below the formerdrop level below the former An artificial raceway may be either entirely earthen or fully concrete orAn artificial raceway may be either entirely earthen or fully concrete or

partially, earthen pond may be covered with pebbles.partially, earthen pond may be covered with pebbles.

Size rangeSize range-- 10.0x1.0x1.0m and 15.0x1.0x1.0m10.0x1.0x1.0m and 15.0x1.0x1.0m

Inflow of water ranges from 300Inflow of water ranges from 300--400 litres/minutes.400 litres/minutes.

2.CIRCULAR RACEWAY2.CIRCULAR RACEWAY Concrete structureConcrete structure

A circular raceway ranges in diameter from 4.0A circular raceway ranges in diameter from 4.0-- 11.0m and water depth of11.0m and water depth of0.75 to 1.0 m.0.75 to 1.0 m.


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CIRCULAR RACEWAYCIRCULAR RACEWAY

INLET

I

N

L

E

T

INLET

OUT FLOW PIPE


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RECTANGULAR RACEWAYRECTANGULAR RACEWAY


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HATCHERY SANITATIONHATCHERY SANITATION

Trout egg during incubation, are prone toTrout egg during incubation, are prone toseveral infections.several infections.

Most common disease are white spot soft egg,Most common disease are white spot soft egg,blue sac &blue sac & SaprolegniaSaprolegnia infection.infection.

Malachite green @ 5 mg/l are used for sanitationMalachite green @ 5 mg/l are used for sanitationof nursery ponds.of nursery ponds.

Malachite green @ 5mg/l bath treatment forMalachite green @ 5mg/l bath treatment forswimswim--up fry for 30 minutes.up fry for 30 minutes.

To avoid fungal spread, dead eggs must beTo avoid fungal spread, dead eggs must beremoved from the trays every morning.removed from the trays every morning.


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Documents

Cold Water Hatchery