Collective Security IB

8/2/2019 Collective Security IB

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COLLECTIVE SECURITY IB


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Kellogg-Briand

change in USA's attitude toward the leaguebut senate still voted against membership

peace movements put pressure on the US toparticipate in disarmament movement henceKellogg Briand pact

rejecting war "as aninstrument of national policy" 65 nations


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Geneva Disarmament Conference 1932

organized by league of nations

disputes over what type of weapons would be

disarmed if other countries didn't disarm enough,

germany would demand right to rearm

1933 hitler takes germany out of conference


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Why did the league fail to

achieve disarmament? -depression caused countries to concentrate

on their own problems not collective security

political instability in europe made manycountries wary to disarm (rise of nationalismin Germany, 1932 elections)

Japan's invasion of Manchuria underminedpower of league


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Pre Crisis background

Japan had been involved in WashingtonNaval, London conference, Kellogg-Briand,League of Nations-important player

China had begun civil war, Marxism emergesand war weakens country


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Japan and Depression

Largest silk producer, exports drop 40%

Population boom

Rely on exports

Targets of racist anti-immigration lawsUS/Australia

Military resented cuts in favor ofdisarmament


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Manchuria

Japanese controlledKorea (rusoJapwar)

And South Manchurianrailway book100

Kwangtung name ofJapanese army in

Manchuria, 15,000


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Manchurian Crisis 1931

Manchuria produced almost of soya andlarge supplies of coal, iron

Most foreignors in China, Japanese Some hostile incidents

Strikes and boycotts against J. goods

Some sympathy


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Manchurian Crisis

Sept. 18, 1931, bomb explodes in Mukden

Japanese accuse China, but most likely they

planted it J forces advance beyond railway


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China appeals to League

League condemns Japans actions

Orders withdrawal of Japanese troops, armyrefuses

Lord Lytton investigates, takes more than ayear pink 188

By then Japan has invaded and occupied

League accepts report, Japan asked to returnManchuko

Japan refuses, leaves league


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Look at purple why it failed


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Abyssinia-background

After Corfu Mussolini draws closer to west,help with Locarno 1925

Joined Kellogg Briand 1928 Invited to sign Stresa Front 1935, by UK and

FRance

1935 UK and Germany sign Anglo-GermanNaval Agreement, UK did not notify Mussolini


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Why did Mussolini invade Abyssinia?

Independent country between 2 Italiancolonies MAP

1896 Abyssinia had defeated Italy at Adowa,Muss wanted payback, as well as overseascolonies

Aquire more raw materials, markets etc to

counteract depression


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1934-1935

Italian troops provoke clash at Wal Wal Oasis

Muss demands Oasis and compensation for

death of his soldiers Halie Selassie, Emperor of Abyssinia hoped

he would receive aid if attacked

Arms embargo placed on Ab. And Italy, hurtAb more


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Sovereignty denied

Hurt Abyssinia as they could not use Leagueand had to give in to Mussolini

UK and France offer him territory but herefuses


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October 1935

Muss invades

League declares him an aggressor, imposeeconomic sanctions

Ineffective, too long to apply,

excluded coal, oil and steel

not everyone applied them equally USA, JAP,GER

UK kept Suez canal open so Italy could sendtroops


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Why werent sanctions enforced?

UK/France didnt want to lose Italy as an allyagainst Germany

Feared if sanctions affected I. economyMussolini would want to go to war

Mussolni thought it unfair to have sanctionswhen Japan had not


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Reactions to invasion?

Uk malta gib keep navy strong for Japs

Italy could prote frenc med

Italy as corridor MAP Public against war pushed appease


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Hoare-Laval Pact

Sam hoare who

Pierre laval who offer muss pats

Decide to offer halie somali and access to sea Leaked, lost jobs

Ab devastated

Muss mass abs

Halie asked for arms embargo lifted

1936 king of it emp of ab! League done


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Effect of Crisis

League a joke

Stresa front ended

Italy moves to germ rome berlin axis leftleague

Link with hit rhine, uses it as distract

Documents

Collective Security IB