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College Cost . -by Bangsheng Sui. Outlines. Background Objective Data Results Conclusions References. B ackground. College cost is now a very hot topic. For a long time, people don’t pay much attention on college cost. But now the situation has changed. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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College Cost
-by Bangsheng Sui
Outlines
• Background• Objective• Data• Results• Conclusions• References
Background
• College cost is now a very hot topic. For a long time, people don’t pay much attention on college cost. But now the situation has changed.
• It seems to be out of control. Even in the recession, it keeps going high rapidly.
Objective
• find out what causes the college cost increasing so rapidly and how college cost affects other aspects of college.
Data
• 4 universities are selected. They are University of Houston, University of Florida, Rice University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• The data for this research are collected from the internet.
• One decade 2000-2009
Results
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4x 10
4
University of HoustonUniversity of FloridaRice UniversityMasachusetts Institute of Technology
Results
• the tuition and fees of each university goes up all the way within this decade.
• trends of these four universities are almost the same. How can we get such consistent result since they are located in different places.
• What is the only one thing they are in common with each other?
Resultstuition and fees vs.room and board
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20094000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
tuition and feesroom and board
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5x 10
4
tuition and feesroom and board
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
4
tuition and feesroom and board
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4x 10
4
tuition and feesroom and board
Tuition and fees vs. room and board
• The correlation between tuition and fees and room and board for these four figures are 0.90, 0.96, 0.99 and 0.99.
• The tuition and fees has increased by 117%, 128%, 76% and 48% while the room and board has increased by 55%, 49%, 65% and 68%.
• On average, the tuition and fees has increased by 92% while the room and board has increased only 59%.
Tuition and fees vs. total students
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090
5000
10000
15000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20093.2
3.4
3.6
3.8x 10
4
tuition and feestotal of students
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6x 10
4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20094.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5
5.2x 10
4
tuition and feestotal of stutents
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20091.5
2
2.5
3x 10
4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20094000
4500
5000
5500
tuition and feestotal students
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20092.5
3
3.5
4x 10
4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090.98
1
1.02
1.04x 10
4
tuition and feestotal students
Tuition and fees vs. total students
• The correlations between tuition and fees and total students are 0.72, 0.93, 0.98 and 0.64. The total of students of each university has increased by 12%, 17%, 24% and 4%.
Tuition and fees vs. total degree awarded
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090
5000
10000
15000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20095000
6000
7000
8000tuition and feestotal degree awarded
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6x 10
4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20091
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5x 10
4
tuition and feestotal degree awarded
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20091.6
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3x 10
4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20091150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
tuition and feestotal degree awarded
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20092.5
3
3.5
4x 10
4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20093100
3200
3300
3400tuition and feestotal degree awarded
Tuition and fees vs. total degree awarded
• The correlations between tuition and fees and total degree awarded are 0.95, 0.98, 0.95 and 0.21. The total of degree awarded of each university has increased by 31%, 32%, 26% and 1%.
• if tuition and fees increases by $4, the total degree awarded by college will increase by 1.
Total faculty and total staff
4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000900
1000
1100
1200
1300
tuition and fees
4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 110003800
4000
4200
4400
4600
total facultytotal staff
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
x 104
1500
2000
2500
tuition and fees
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
x 104
1
1.2
1.4x 10
4
total facultytotal staff
1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
x 104
400
450
500
550
600
tuition and fees
1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
x 104
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
total facultytotal staff
2.5 3 3.5 4
x 104
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
tuition and fees
2.5 3 3.5 4
x 104
6500
7000
7500
8000
8500
9000
9500
10000total facultytotal staff
Total faculty and total staff• The correlations between tuition and fees and total faculty are 0.74, 0.83,
0.98 and 0.96 respectively. The total faculty of each university has increased by 33%, 46%, 38% and 33%.
• The correlations between tuition and fees and total staff are 0.95, 0.96, 1 and 0.98. The total staff of each university has increased by 20%, 21%, 31%, and 39%.
• The total of staff has increased by 28% and total of faculty has increased by 37.5% while the total of students has only increased by an average of 14%.
• that if tuition and fees increases by $100, the total faculty will increase by 4 and the total staff will increase by 16 on average.
Total salary for faculty and total salary for staff
4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 1100050
60
70
80
90
100
110
tuition and fees
4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000120
140
160
180
200
220
240total salary for facultytotal salary for staff
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
x 104
100
200
tuition and fees
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
x 104
500
1000total salary for facultytotal salary for staff
1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
x 104
30
40
50
60
70
tuition and fees
1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
x 104
80
100
120
140
160total salary for facultytotal salary for staff
2.5 3 3.5 4
x 104
50
100
150
200
tuition and fees
2.5 3 3.5 4
x 104
500
600
700
800total salary for facultytotal salary for staff
Total salary for faculty and total salary for staff
• The correlations between tuition and fees and total salary for faculty are 0.93, 0.93, 0.99 and 0.97. The total salary for faculty of each university has increased by 81%, 90%, 74% and 73%.
• The correlations between tuition and fees and total salary for staff are 0.94, 0.99, 1 and 0.98. The total salary for staff of each university has increased by 76%, 49%, 82% and 55%.
• If the tuition and fees increased by $1, the total salary for staff will increase by $20,000 while the total salary will increase by $6,000.
Total revenue and total funding
4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000400
500
600
700
800
tuition and fees
4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000100
110
120
130
140
total revenuetotal funding
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
x 104
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
tuition and fees
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
x 104
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
total revenuetotal funding
1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
x 104
250
300
350
400
450
500
tuition and fees
1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
x 104
70
80
90
100
110
120total revenuetotal funding
2.5 3 3.5 4
x 104
1000
2000
3000
tuition and fees
2.5 3 3.5 4
x 104
1000
1200
1400
total revenuetotal funding
Total revenue and total funding• The correlations between tuition and fees and total revenue are
0.98, 0.97, 0.97 and 0.93.The total revenue of each university has increased by 77%, 67%, 68% and 62%.
• The total funding of each university has increased by 25%, 40%, 56% and 33%.
• The total revenue of college has increased by 68.5% on average while the total funding has just increased by 38.5%.
• the total revenue will increase by $70,000 if tuition and fees increased by $1.
Total financial aid
4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
tuition and fees
financial aid
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
x 104
160
180
200
220
240
260
tuition and fees
financial aid
1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
x 104
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
tuition and fees
financial aid
2.5 3 3.5 4
x 104
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
tuition and fees
financial aid
Total financial aid
• The correlations between tuition and fees and financial aid are 0.72, 0.98, 0.95 and 0.98.The financial aid of each university has increased by 73%, 60%, 127% and 58%.
• The financial aid has increased by 80% on average. This is approximate to the increment of tuition and fees.
• means if tuition and fees increases by $1, the total financial aid will increase by $8,000.
Total assets
4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 110000.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
tuition and fees
total assets
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
x 104
1.5
2
2.5
3
tuition and fees
total assets
1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
x 104
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
tuition and fees
total assets
2.5 3 3.5 4
x 104
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
tuition and fees
total assets
Total assets
• The correlations between tuition and fees and total assets are 0.86, 0.94, 0.91 and 0.89.
Conclusions
• Improve conditions• Hire more employees• Cause another considerable amount of money• Result in expanding budget• Funding can’t meet the increment of the
budget
Conclusions
• By calculating the correlation, we realize that many of the data items in this research have ideally positive linear relationships with the tuition and fees like
• room and board• total salary for faculty• total salary for staff• total revenue• total financial aid • total assets
Website• http://www.uh.edu/ir/index.php?id=17 the institutional research office of
University of Houston
• http://www.uh.edu/finance/StateReport/AFR/AFR_HOU/ the annual financial reports of University of Houston
• http://www.ir.ufl.edu/facts.htm the institutional research office of University of Florida
• http://www.fa.ufl.edu/ga/ the annual financial reports of University of Florida
• http://www.professor.rice.edu/professor/Selectivity-Tuition.asp?SnID=2043411922 the institutional research office of Rice University
• http://www.professor.rice.edu/professor/Financial_Statement.asp?SnID=501627633 the annual financial reports of Rice University
• http://web.mit.edu/ir/cds/2009/index.html the institutional research office of Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• http://web.mit.edu/annualreports/ the annual reports to the president of Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/datacenter/ the Data Center of IPEDS
• http://www.aaup.org/aaup the website of AAUP-American Association of University Professors
•Questions?
•Thank you!