College Prep Winter Break Science Packet

8/3/2019 College Prep Winter Break Science Packet

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KIPP NYC College Prep: Ancora Imparo! NAME: __________________________

Physics DATE: _______________ _________

Ms. Paul & Ms. Kim PERIOD: _______________ _________

FRICTION FOR FEBRUARY!

Purpose: This exploration is meant to be performed over the course of your college visits and over the February

Break. Remember that while you are on your college trip, you have more resources, like teachers and friends, tohelp you.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

EXPLORATION 1:

Hypothesis: How do you think the type of surface affects friction?

Procedure, Data & Results:

Slide on 4 different surfaces with the same footwear on (i.e. sliding on tile then concrete, wearing socks both times)

Sliding footwear: ____________________________. Why do you think we have to wear the same footwear for eachtrial?

Surface #1: ___________________________________. Record your observations below:



Surface #4: ___________________________________. Record your observations below:Conclusions:According to your observations, how does the type of surface you are sliding on affect friction? Compare

the surfaces against each other to support your answer.


2/12


Physics DATE: _______________ _________

Ms. Paul & Ms. Kim PERIOD: _______________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

EXPLORATION 2:

Introduction:

There are two different types of friction that can act on two surfaces in contact with each other one forwhen an object is at rest and one for when an object is moving. Only one of them can affect an object at a time.

Static friction is the frictional force that results with an object that is at rest. For example, as you start to push a

desk across the classroom, the force acting against the desk beginning to move is static friction it acts in the

opposite direction as the force from the hands that are trying to push it. Kinetic friction is the frictional force that

results with an object that is moving. For example, as a student in a snow tube slides down a snowy hill, the

friction between the snow and the inflatable tube is the source of the kinetic friction.

Hypothesis: Is it easier to keep moving against friction or to start moving against friction? Explain your answer.

Procedure, Data & Results:

From rest, slide a chair across the room. Do several trials before you answer the questions below.o Describe how it felt to start moving the chair:o Describe how it felt immediately after the chair started moving:o Describe how it felt to continue moving the chair:o Describe the surfaces that are in contact with one another during this trial:

From rest, a chair with a person sitting in it across the room.o Describe how it felt to start moving the chair:o Describe how it felt immediately after the chair started moving:o Describe how it felt to continue moving the chair:o Describe the surfaces that are in contact with one another during this trial:

From rest, slide the bus down the street.o Describe how it felt to start moving the bus:o What force keeps the bus in place?o Describe the surfaces that are in contact with one another during this trial:

Conclusions:According to your data, explain if it is easier to keep moving against friction or to start moving against

friction. Compare your trials against each other to support your answer.


3/12


Physics DATE: _______________ _________


EXPLORATION 3:

Introduction:

Friction is calculated using the following formulas on the Regents Reference Tables:

Equation In words

Ff= FN

Theforce of static or kinetic friction is equal to the static

or kinetic coefficient of friction, found in your Reference

Tables, multiplied by the normal force, the force pushing

back up on an object (for example, from the ground)

FN = Fg = mag

The normal force on a horizontal surface (on diagonals,

this equation gets more complicated) is equal in the

opposite direction to theforce of gravity, which is equal

to the mass of the object multiplied by the acceleration

due to gravity.

Neither of these equations uses the surface area of an object. Although it would seem like more surface area would

cause more friction, it does not. I repeat, FRICTION IS NOT AFFECTED BY SURFACE AREA. For example, two

basketball players weigh the same (in Newtons) and wear the same shoes on the court (same coefficient of friction

for the rubber on wood). Whether they have the same sized feet or different sized feet, the force of friction is the

SAME. Check out the example below:

Why did we go through all of that?.. Turn to the next page to find out.

Real Life Example Kobe vs. Ray Ray

Kobe Bryant Ray Allen

Team Lakers Celtics

Mass 93kg 93kg

Weight(Fg=mag)

(93kg)(9.81m/s2

) =912N

(93kg)(9.81m/s2

) =912N

FN 912N 912N

Shoe Surface Rubber Rubber

Playing surface Dry asphalt Dry asphalt

Coefficient of

Static Friction,

s

0.85 0.85

Shoe size 13 14

Static Friction

(Ff= FN)

(0.85)(912N) =

775N

(0.85)(912N) =

775Ndespite having different shoe sizes, their force of static

friction is the same, 775N.


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Physics DATE: _______________ _________

Ms. Paul & Ms. Kim PERIOD: _______________ _________

TASK: Now, design an experiment to verify that the surface area of two objects in contact does not affect

the force of friction.

Given Hypothesis:Surface area does not affect the force of friction

Procedure:

Below, write down how you will verify that surface area does not affect friction.

Data & Observations:Below, make a table to show what you experienced in each trial of your procedure. (For example, if you were

measuring if something was easier or more difficult, you would make a column for difficulty and take notes there.)

Conclusions:

Explain how your experimental procedure shows that surface area does not affect friction.

Extra credit: Include friction math to support your answer.


5/12


Physics DATE: _______________ _________


EXPLORATION 4:

Now its time for some Regents Practice in your Physics Review book!

Read and annotate p30-31 in your book. On this page, work through problems 127, 129-132, 136-139, 141, 143-149


6/12

Name: __________________________________ Pd: _______ Date: ___________________

CHEMISTRY FEBRUARY BREAK HOMEWORK

Your assignment during the break is to make sure that you have revised and updated all missing and incomplete

labs. This will walk you through how you can make sure that you are up to date on labs.

Check off each box as you complete each task.

Log on to PowerSchool Click the Y1 number next to chemistry. You should see a list of assignments from the entire year. Fill in the following chart based on the Lab Minutes category.

S= Turned in and received a 70 or higher. Lab minutes earned.

U= Turned in but received a score of 70 or lower. Lab minutes were not earned. Lab needs to be correctedand resubmitted.

M= Missing. Lab minutes were not earned.

Lab

#Lab Title S/U/M

Total Possible

MinutesMinutes Earned

1 Paper Chromatography Lab 130

2 Using Density to Identify an Unknown Metal 90

3Physical and Chemical Change of Household

Products50

4 Simulation of Rutherfords Gold Foil Experiment 80

5 Average Atomic Mass of Candium 85

6 Radioactive Half-life of Candium 85

7 Flame Test Virtual Lab 85

8 Flame Test Lab 85

9 Molecular Modeling Lab 85

10 Types of Reaction Lab 85

11 Conservation of Mass Lab 85

12 Percent Composition Lab 85

Total lab minutes: ___________________/ 1030

Look through your lab notebook and make necessary revisions to labs that did not get credit. All missinglabs need to completed. (If you need to call your lab partners for data for labs you have lost, that is YOURresponsibility)

All labs can be accessed at: chemistrykippnyc.wikispaces.com

FAILURE TO COMPLETE THIS ASSIGNMENT BY 2/27/2012

WILL RESULT IN MANDATORY SATURDAY SCHOOL.


7/12

Score: __/10

Name: _____________________________________________________ Period: ___ Due: Mon. 2/27/12Ms. Niewalds February 2012 Break Assignment

:Take Home Lab

Chicken Egg Dissection!

PROBLEM: How is the chicken egg adapted to support an embryo?

MATERIALS:Egg, Bowl, Spoon and fork

PROCEDURE:1. Obtain an egg, bowl, and spoon.2. Gently crack the egg crosswise on the side of the bowl. Separate the

two halves of the shell as you would to put an egg in the frying pan.

Allow the contents to drop into the bowl and be careful not to break

the yolk.

3. Examine the outside texture of the egg shell and record observations in table 1. Place it aside gently for later.4. Use Figure 1 as a guide and examine the internal structures of the egg. On the surface of the yolk is a small,

white, round dot. This dot is the germinal disk from which an embryo would form after fertilization. You may

need to use the spoon to gently move around the yolk until you find the germinal disk.

5. Find two dense, white, cordlike structures, these are the chalazae, which hold the yolk in place. Using the fork,gently pull on one of the chalazae and observe. Record your observations in table 1.

6. The white of the egg contains water and a protein called albumen. Notice that the egg white surrounds the yolkand is fairly thick.

7. Observe the yolk. The yolk contains fats, minerals, and vitamins. Touch the yolkgently with the spoon. Theyolk is surrounded by a membrane called the vitelline membrane. Record observations in table 1.

8. Back to the shell: examine the inside and the membranes attached to it. Try to locate an air space between themembranes and the shell. The chick uses the air in the air space only when it is ready to hatch.

9. In the space provided in Observation table 2, draw the egg you have examined. Label the albumen, yolk,chalazae, germinal disk, air space, shell membrane, vitelline membrane, and shell.

10.Clean up! Throw away the egg, wash the bowl and utensils with soap and water, and wash your hands. DATA & OBSERVATIONS:Table 1: Data & Observations of Chicken Egg Structure [3]

Texture of chicken egg shell

Observations of chalazae

Observations of yolk

Table 2: Chicken Egg [2]


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POST-LAB QUESTIONS:

1. The diagram below represents a developing bird egg.

What is the primary function of this egg? [1] ______________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. How does the developing chick obtain nutrients? (Hint: Read the procedure)[1]_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. In the developing human, there is no albumen or yolk serving a source of nutrients. How does thehuman embryo obtain nutrients for growth and development? [1]

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Use the passage below to answer questions 4-5.The embryonic development of an organism begins soon after the fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm. During this

period of development, the embryo is protected and nourished by a set of surrounding membranes. As development

proceeds, all of the complex organs and tissues appear in a definite order.

It is difficult to study human embryological development because the embryo develops internally inside a

placenta. For this reason embryos that develop externally have been widely used in developmental studies. Because of

their availability, easily observed features, and similarity to mammalian embryo development, chick embryos are used

extensively.In order for a chick embryo to develop, the egg must first be fertilized by a sperm from a male chicken. Then

the egg is hatched and must be kept warm by the female chicken or placed in an incubator for 21 days. Eggs

purchased in the grocery store have not been fertilized or incubated.

1. Explain why it is easier to observe a chickens development than a humans development. [1]_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Candling is a process by which egg processors look at an egg through a light source to determinewhether or not it has been fertilized. Why is the candling of chicken eggs important to egg

processors? [1] _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


9/12

Name: ____________________________________ Period: ________ Date: ___________________

KIPP NYC College Prep Honors Chemistry

WEEK BEFORE MID-WINTER BREAK: Chemistry Break Packet: 3rd Period

1. If C-14 has a half-life of 5730 years and anoriginal sample of 14.0 g, how many years

will pass before there is 1.75 g left?(1) 17190 years

(2) 5730 years(3) 1432.5 years

(4) 3 years

2. Which particles does the radioactive isotopeNi-63 emit?

(1) alpha

(2) beta(3) gamma

(4) positron

3. Which electron configuration could representan excited state of silicon?(1) 1-7-3

(2) 2-8-4

(3) 2-7-3

(4) 2-8-5

4. Which of the following compounds inGatorade is covalently bonded, only?

(1) NaCl

(2) NaNO3(3) C12H22O11

(4) K2SO4

5. The process of producing carbon is calledcrystallizationheat and pressure cause

carbon to form a covalently-bonded crystal.Which other example would be considered a

different type of crystallization, theseparation technique.

(1) passing sand and water through afilter

(2) evaporating a mixture of water

and salt

(3) heating two liquids that boil at

different temperatures(4) using chromatography paper to

separate a mixture

6. What is the empirical formula fornitrocellulose if the molecular formula isC12H16N4O18?

(1) C6H8N2O9(2) C12H16N4O18(3) C24H32N8O36

(4) CH8N4O3

7. Which substance can be decomposed by achemical change?

(1) Cr(2) Cu

(3) CO

(4) Co

8. Give the gram-formula mass for dihydrogen sulfide. [1]

9. Why does a chain reaction occur? [1] And why does it not occur in a uranium mine? [1]

10.Explain, in-terms of electrons, how the bonding in MgCl2 is different than the following: CCl4? [1]

11.What is the percent composition by mass of carbon in carbon dioxide? [1]

12.Explain, in-terms of electrons, why solid sodium is a good conductor of electricity, but solid sodiumchloride is not. [1]


10/12

Name: __________________________________ Pd: _______ Date: ___________________

CHEMISTRY FEBRUARY BREAK HOMEWORK: HONORS








Lab

#Lab Title S/U/M

Total Possible


1 Paris Hilton Dog 90



Products50




7 Flame Test Lab 85


9 Molecular Modeling Advanced 85

10 ID of chem reactions/Conservation of Mass 85


Look through your lab notebook and make necessary revisions to labs that did not get credit. All missinglabs need to completed. (If you need to call your lab partners for data for labs you have lost, that is YOUR

responsibility)


FAILURE TO COMPLETE THIS ASSIGNMENT BY 2/27/2012

WILL RESULT IN MANDATORY SATURDAY SCHOOL.


11/12

Name: ____________________________________ Period: ________ Date: ___________________

KIPP NYC College Prep Honors Chemistry

WEEK BEFORE MID-WINTER BREAK: Chemistry Break Packet: 7th Period

1. An electron in an atom moves from theground state to an excited state when the

energy of the electron(1) decreases

(2) increases(3) remains the same

(4) fluctuates

2. Atomic bombs can produce gamma radiation.If U92

235 gives off gamma rays, what substance

will be produced?

(1) Th90231

(2) U92235

(3) Np93235

(4) Pa91235

3. The process of producing carbon is calledcrystallizationheat and pressure causecarbon to form a covalently-bonded crystal.

Which other example would be considered adifferent type of crystallization, the

separation technique.(1) passing sand and water through a

filter

(2) evaporating a mixture of water

and salt

(3) heating two liquids that boil at

different temperatures

(4) using chromatography paper toseparate a mixture

4. What is the empirical formula fornitrocellulose if the molecular formula is

C12H16N4O18?(1) C6H8N2O9(2) C12H16N4O18(3) C24H32N8O36

(4) CH8N4O3

5. Which substance can be decomposed by achemical change?

(1) Cr

(2) Cu(3) CO

(4) Co

6. Rank these products of radioactive decay inorder of increasing penetrating power.(1) positron, alpha, beta

(2) gamma, positron, alpha

(3) beta, alpha, gamma

(4) alpha, beta, gamma

7. What is the empirical formula fornitrocellulose if the molecular formula is

C12H16N4O18?(1) C6H8N2O9(2) C12H16N4O18

(3) C24H32N8O36(4) CH8N4O3

8. Write an excited state electron configuration for phosphorus. [1]

9. How many moles of Uranium were used in the bombing of Hiroshima if the bomb contained 855 g ofUranium? [1]

10.Determine the gram-formula mass of dihydrogen sulfide. [1]

11.After 55 days, how much Iodine-131 will remain from an original sample of 112 grams?

12.State one advantage of using nuclear power instead of burning fossil fuels. [1]Name: __________________________________ Pd: _______ Date: ___________________


12/12

CHEMISTRY FEBRUARY BREAK HOMEWORK: HONORS








Lab

#Lab Title S/U/M

Total Possible


1 Paris Hilton Dog 90



Products50




7 Flame Test Lab 85


9 Molecular Modeling Advanced 85

10 ID of chem reactions/Conservation of Mass 85


Look through your lab notebook and make necessary revisions to labs that did not get credit. All missinglabs need to completed. (If you need to call your lab partners for data for labs you have lost, that is YOURresponsibility)


FAILURE TO COMPLETE THIS ASSIGNMENT BY 2/27/2012WILL RESULT IN MANDATORY SATURDAY SCHOOL.

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College Prep Winter Break Science Packet