Colonial Literature The Puritan Period. How did religion shape the literature of the Puritan period? We will look into themes, formats, and purposes

Colonial LiteratureColonial Literature

The Puritan PeriodThe Puritan Period

How did religion shape the How did religion shape the literature of the Puritan literature of the Puritan period?period?

We will look into themes, formats, and We will look into themes, formats, and purposes of the Puritan writers to answer purposes of the Puritan writers to answer this question.this question.

Important datesImportant dates

1492 Christopher Columbus

1607 Founding of Jamestown

1620 Mayflower on Plymouth Rock

1636 Harvard College Founded

1692 Salem Witch Trials

1740’s Great Awakening

So when was the Puritan So when was the Puritan Part of the Colonial Period?Part of the Colonial Period?

Early 1600’s to about 1750 or so.Early 1600’s to about 1750 or so. The reason we call this part of the The reason we call this part of the

Colonial Period (which represents all of Colonial Period (which represents all of the time that the British ruled the colonies the time that the British ruled the colonies in North America) the PURITAN period is in North America) the PURITAN period is because of the overarching influence of because of the overarching influence of the Puritans and their specific religious the Puritans and their specific religious practices.practices.

The North: PuritansThe North: Puritans

In 1620, a hundred or so English men and In 1620, a hundred or so English men and women settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts, women settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts, fleeing from religious persecution.fleeing from religious persecution.

An example of such persecution:An example of such persecution: One Englishman who had written a pamphlet to One Englishman who had written a pamphlet to

reform the Church of England was put in jail, fined, reform the Church of England was put in jail, fined, whipped, had the top of his ears cut off, his whipped, had the top of his ears cut off, his forehead burned with a hot iron, and his nose slit.forehead burned with a hot iron, and his nose slit.

DIVINE MISSIONDIVINE MISSION John WinthropJohn Winthrop

““We shall be as a City upon a We shall be as a City upon a Hill, the eyes of all people are Hill, the eyes of all people are upon us; so that if we shall deal upon us; so that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken and so we have undertaken and so cause him to withdraw his cause him to withdraw his present help from us, we shall be present help from us, we shall be made a story and a by-word made a story and a by-word through all the world.”through all the world.”

Bay ColonyBay Colony

Three Puritan PrinciplesThree Puritan Principles

They wished to have their feelings They wished to have their feelings changed through changed through God’s graceGod’s grace. They . They wanted to be cleansed of envy, vanity, wanted to be cleansed of envy, vanity, and lust.and lust.

They valued plainness—They valued plainness—simplicitysimplicity, , especially in church.especially in church.

They saw their bringing Christianity to They saw their bringing Christianity to America as a America as a divine missiondivine mission..

The Puritan 10 The Puritan 10 Commandments…Commandments…

1) Thou shalt not miss church and 1) Thou shalt not miss church and community meetings. community meetings.

2) Thou shalt work hard and support my 2) Thou shalt work hard and support my fellow pilgrims. fellow pilgrims.

3) Thou shalt worship a strict and 3) Thou shalt worship a strict and Christian God.Christian God.

4) Thou shalt put the Lord first in my life 4) Thou shalt put the Lord first in my life and obey his words.and obey his words.


5) Thou shalt live by the 10 5) Thou shalt live by the 10 Commandments as written in the Holy Bible.Commandments as written in the Holy Bible.

6) Thou shalt not dress in bright colors or 6) Thou shalt not dress in bright colors or dance in a wicked manner.dance in a wicked manner.

7) Thou shalt not perform witchery nor 7) Thou shalt not perform witchery nor conjure the devil. conjure the devil.

8) Thou shalt not have any opinions or 8) Thou shalt not have any opinions or beliefs not held by the entire community. beliefs not held by the entire community.


9) Thou shalt build my home simply and 9) Thou shalt build my home simply and not clutter it with decorations. not clutter it with decorations.

10) Thou whom shalt disobey these 10) Thou whom shalt disobey these commandments will be banished or be commandments will be banished or be hanged. hanged.

Puritan terms and Puritan terms and influences…influences…

PredestinationPredestination: the idea that God knows : the idea that God knows where each person will end up in eternity. where each person will end up in eternity. The Puritans believed that those who were The Puritans believed that those who were

blessed with wealth and prosperous family blessed with wealth and prosperous family lives were a part of those “elected” to go to lives were a part of those “elected” to go to heaven.heaven.

This concept can be seen in “Sinners in the This concept can be seen in “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” by Jonathan Hands of an Angry God” by Jonathan Edwards.Edwards.


Protestant work ethic: Protestant work ethic: The Puritans The Puritans believed that hard work was a way of believed that hard work was a way of winning God’s favor, and wealth winning God’s favor, and wealth accumulated through hard, honest work accumulated through hard, honest work was seen as a sign of Godliness and was was seen as a sign of Godliness and was encouraged of all Puritans.encouraged of all Puritans. This “protestant work ethic” is a major This “protestant work ethic” is a major

foundation of the American way of life.foundation of the American way of life.


Plain stylePlain style: Believe it or not, William : Believe it or not, William Bradford (Bradford (Of Plymouth Plantation)Of Plymouth Plantation) is well is well known for his plain style.known for his plain style. This simply means that his prose is not This simply means that his prose is not

ornamental, and is not intended to be ornamental, and is not intended to be showy.showy.

This falls in line with the Puritan belief that This falls in line with the Puritan belief that one should not call attention to oneself.one should not call attention to oneself.

This is opposite of Shakespeare, whose This is opposite of Shakespeare, whose writing in England was very showy and writing in England was very showy and meant to showcase his skill as a writer.meant to showcase his skill as a writer.

StylesStyles

OrnateOrnate Psalm 23 (King James Version)Psalm 23 (King James Version)

The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want. He The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want. He maketh me to lie down in green pastures; he maketh me to lie down in green pastures; he leadeth me beside the still waters. He restoreth leadeth me beside the still waters. He restoreth my soul; he leadeth me in the paths of my soul; he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his name’s sake. Yea, though I righteousness for his name’s sake. Yea, though I walk in the valley of the shadow of death, I will walk in the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil; for thou art with me; thy rod and thy fear no evil; for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff, they comfort me…staff, they comfort me…

StylesStyles PlainePlaine

Psalm 23 (Bay Psalm Book)Psalm 23 (Bay Psalm Book)The lord to me a shepherd is.The lord to me a shepherd is.

want therefore shall not I.want therefore shall not I. He in the folds of tender grass,He in the folds of tender grass,

doth cause me down to doth cause me down to lie.lie.

To waters calm me gently leads,To waters calm me gently leads,restore my path does he.restore my path does he.

Yea though in valley of death’s shadeYea though in valley of death’s shadeI walk, none ill I’ll fear;I walk, none ill I’ll fear;

Because thou art with me, thy rodBecause thou art with me, thy rodand staff my comfort are.and staff my comfort are.


Genres that the Puritans favored:Genres that the Puritans favored: SermonsSermons religious poetryreligious poetry historical narrativeshistorical narratives THEY DID NOT FEEL THAT LITERATURE THEY DID NOT FEEL THAT LITERATURE

WAS FOR ENTERTAINMENT. Novels and WAS FOR ENTERTAINMENT. Novels and plays were frowned upon, due to a plays were frowned upon, due to a perceived lack of practical religious value.perceived lack of practical religious value.

How did religion shape the How did religion shape the literature of the Puritan literature of the Puritan period?period? Religious values were put above all else Religious values were put above all else

in every area of these people’s lives.in every area of these people’s lives. This led to a focus on practical literature This led to a focus on practical literature

(sermons, hist. narrative, poetry with a (sermons, hist. narrative, poetry with a spiritual message).spiritual message).

This also led to a certain style of writing that This also led to a certain style of writing that mirrored the Puritans style of living. (plain mirrored the Puritans style of living. (plain style)style)

Themes were religious in nature and Themes were religious in nature and reflected Puritan values.reflected Puritan values.

Puritan BooksPuritan Books The Bay Psalm Book (1640)The Bay Psalm Book (1640)

Translations of the Bible’s Psalms; first book Translations of the Bible’s Psalms; first book published in America.published in America.

The New England Primer (1690)The New England Primer (1690) Spelling and reading book.Spelling and reading book.

The Day of Doom (1662)The Day of Doom (1662) By Michael Wigglesworth; Simple poem By Michael Wigglesworth; Simple poem

about Judgement day. First Best Seller.about Judgement day. First Best Seller.

The New England PrimerThe New England Primer

The New England PrimerThe New England Primer

This text is indicative of how large a role This text is indicative of how large a role religion played in these people’s lives.religion played in these people’s lives.

The religious subtexts began for young The religious subtexts began for young Puritans as early as the time that a child Puritans as early as the time that a child began to learn the ABC s.began to learn the ABC s.

Puritan Writers to remember…Puritan Writers to remember…

William Bradford William Bradford Of Plymouth Of Plymouth Plantation Plantation (HISTORICAL (HISTORICAL NARRATIVE)NARRATIVE)

Jonathan Edwards “Sinners in the Jonathan Edwards “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” Hands of an Angry God” (SERMON)(SERMON)

Anne Bradstreet “Upon the Anne Bradstreet “Upon the Burning of Our House,” and “To Burning of Our House,” and “To My Dear and Loving Husband.” My Dear and Loving Husband.” (POETRY)(POETRY)

Puritan WritingPuritan Writing

The Purpose of Literature is

To Educate

The End of PuritanismThe End of Puritanism

No longer need for theocracy.No longer need for theocracy. Puritans became guilty of religious Puritans became guilty of religious

persecution themselves. persecution themselves. Salem Witch TrialsSalem Witch Trials 1740’s-A revitalization of Puritanism 1740’s-A revitalization of Puritanism

called the Great Awakeningcalled the Great Awakening


Using your notes and your knowledge of Using your notes and your knowledge of what we’ve read and discussed so far, what we’ve read and discussed so far, ANSWER THIS QUESTION ON THE ANSWER THIS QUESTION ON THE CARD PROVIDED. CARD PROVIDED. Answer in complete sentences, and use Answer in complete sentences, and use

specific examples. specific examples.


Using your notes and your knowledge of Using your notes and your knowledge of what we’ve read and discussed so far, what we’ve read and discussed so far, ANSWER THIS QUESTION ON THE ANSWER THIS QUESTION ON THE CARD PROVIDED. CARD PROVIDED. Answer in complete sentences, and use Answer in complete sentences, and use

specific examples. (example: The Puritan specific examples. (example: The Puritan religion shaped the literature during this time religion shaped the literature during this time by making writers produce mostly sermons by making writers produce mostly sermons and religious poetry, because they felt that and religious poetry, because they felt that literature had to be practical.)literature had to be practical.)

Documents

Colonial Literature The Puritan Period. How did religion shape the literature of the Puritan period? We will look into themes, formats, and purposes