Color Management

How does the color work? Spectrum

Spectrum is a contiguous band of wavelengths, which is emitted, reflected or transmitted by different objects

Each color has a different wavelength, which determines its place in the spectral order.

Visible Light are composed of Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red color.

Red has longest wavelength, violet the shortest. Between each of the spectral hues there are infinite

gradations. When these waves of light enter our eyes, they produce the sensation of illumination and color.

How does the color work?

Absorb every color but redRed

Light Source

Reflected light is what occurs naturally in our daily world. Everything you view in the real world is a result of reflected light.Directed light is the man-made process used in computer monitors to create color.

• The source of all color is light

How does the color work?

Banana is yellow, sky is blue, and some flower is purple because when struck by light they each reflect a particular color and absorb all other color.

Color Models There are 4 color models

RGB (Additive Model) CMYK (Subtractive Model) HSB or HSV CIE L*a*b*

Web color model (Hexadecimal)

•Red+Green+Blue=White

•Computer monitors and televisions are the most common application of additive color

• Primary colors of additive color model are red green and blue, referred to as RGB.

• The additive reproduction process usually uses red, green and blue light to produce the other colors. • Additive system begins with black and adds color

Additive Color System - RGB

Subtractive Color System - CMYK

• The primary colors of the subtractive system are cyan, magenta, and yellow.

• Subtractive color explains the theory of mixing paints, dyes, inks, and natural colorants to create colors which a bsorb some wavelengths of light and reflect others.

• The color that an object appears to have is based on w hat parts of the spectrum are reflected by it.

Apple absorbs all and reflect RED

Subtractive Color System - CMYK• Subtractive system begins with white and subtracts color

• CMYK is commonly used in printing as most print begins with a white page that reflects white light

The combination of CMY colors should produce black, but the fourth color black in CMYK is needed to produce true black.

Secondary Colors & Primary Colors

Additives Model Subtractive Model

HSB Model or HSV Model Hue, Value, and Saturation (or Brightness)

Hue is a property of the wavelengths of light. On the other hand, it is color.

Saturation describes the purity of hue. The lower the saturation of a color, the more "gr

ayness" is present and the more faded the color will appear.

Value refers to the amount of white or black in the color, meaning brightness (lightness or darkness) of the color.

HSB Model

Saturation

• This image shows a scale of saturation from 0% (at the bottom )to 100%.

• When there is 0% saturation, the color appears grey.

Lab Color Space CIE L*a*b*

L*a*b* color is a result of a 1931 attempt to create an international standard for color measurement

Developed by CIE (the International Commission on Illumination)

CIE L*a*b* is the most complete color model used to describe all the colors visible to the human eye.

The Lab color model serves as a device independent, absolute model to be used as a reference.

CIE L*a*b* L*a*b* color has a lightness component (L),

and two chromatic components, A and B channels

A channel controls the color from green to red B channel controls the color from blue to

yellow

Lab Color Space

Composed of 3 partsL or Luminance a color from green to redb color from blue to yellow

Lab Color Space

Hexadecimal Color To define colors in a Web page, use 2-digit

hexadecimal numbers to define the color. To calculate hex you need to know the RGB

specification you want to convert. Example R:222 G:39 B:151 = DE3997

Web safe palette contained 216 colors

Gamut

Describes the range of colors available in a certain color space that can be displayed on a monitor or printed.

The RGB gamut contains the colors that can be accurately viewed on a color monitor

The CMYK model has the smallest gamut, and represents color that can be printed with cyan, magenta, yellow, and black process inks

Part of preparing an image for prints is the process of “correcting” out-of-gamut colors, usually by reducing their intensity or contrast

By far, the L*a*b* color model has the largest gamut of all the color models. It contains all the colors in both the RGB and CMYK color models

Gamut

Color Schemes Monochromatic color scheme

:same hue with different values.

Monochromatic Color Scheme

Pros: The monochromatic scheme is easy to manage, and always looks balanced a nd visually appealing.

Cons: This scheme lacks color contrast. It is not as vibrant as the complementary scheme.

Tips:1 . Use tints, shades, and tones of the key color to enhance the scheme. 2. Try the analogous scheme; it offers more nuances while retaining the simplicit

y and elegance of the monochromatic scheme.

Monochromatic color scheme

Color Schemes Analog color scheme :the colors that are adjacent to each other

on the color wheel

Analog Color Scheme

Pros: The analogous color scheme is as easy to create as the monochromatic, bu t looks richer.

Cons: The analogous color scheme lacks color contrast. it is not as vibrant as the complementary scheme.

Tips:1. Avoid using too many hues in the analogous scheme, because this may ruin

the harmony. 2. Avoid combining warm and cool colors in this scheme.

Analogous color scheme

Color Schemes Complementary color scheme

:the colors that lie directly across from one another on the color wheel.

Complementary Color Scheme

Pros: The complementary color scheme offers s tronger contrast than any other color scheme,

and draws maximum attention. Cons: This scheme is harder to balance than mo

nochromatic and analogous schemes, especiall y when desaturated warm colors are used.

Complementary color scheme

Complementary color scheme

Tips: 1. For best results, place cool colors against warm ones, for example,

blue versus orange.

2. If you use a warm color (red or yellow) as an accent, you can desatura te the opposite cool colors to put more emphasis on the warm colors.

3. Avoi d usi ng desat ur at ed war mcol or s ( e. g. br owns or dul l yel l ows)

4. Try the split complementary scheme; it is similar to the complementa ry scheme but offers more variety.

Color Schemes Split complementary color scheme

:a variation of the standard complementary scheme. It uses a color and the two colors adjacent to its complementary.

Split Complementary Color Scheme

Pros: The split complementary scheme offers more nuances than th e complementary scheme while retaining strong visual contrast.

Cons: The split complementary scheme is harder to balance than m onochromatic and analogous color schemes.

Tips:1. Use a single warm color against a range of cool colors to put an

- emphasis on the warm color (red versus blues and blue greens, or -orange versus blues and blue violets)ใ

2 . Avoid using desaturated warm colors (e.g. browns or dull yello ws), because this may ruin the scheme.

Split complementary color scheme

Color Schemes Triadic complementary color scheme

:three colors equally spaced around the color wheel. This scheme is popular among artists because it offers strong visual contrast while remaining harmony and richness

Triadic Color Scheme

Pros: The triadic color scheme offers high contrast while retaining harmony.

Cons: The triadic color scheme is not as contrasting as the complementary sc heme.

Tips: 1. Choose one color to be used in larger amounts than others.2. cccccc cccc cccccc ccc cc cccccc cccc c, .

Triadic color scheme

Color Schemes Tetradic (Double Complementary) color

scheme :uses two complementary color pairs .

Tetradic Color Scheme

Pros: The tetradic scheme offers more color variety than any other scheme.

Cons: This scheme is the hardest scheme to balance.

Tips: 1. If the scheme looks unbalanced, try to subdue one or more colors. 2. Avoid using pure colors in equal amounts.

Tetradic (double complementary) color scheme