Comandos Redes Linux

Configurar la redComprobaciones de la red

Herramientas de redwhois

Conexiones remotasTransferencia de archivos remotos

Gestion de interfaces de red

Comandos de redes en GNU/Linux

Clemente Lopez Giner

IES Serpis

[email protected]

12 de marzo de 2015

Clemente Lopez Giner Comandos de redes en GNU/Linux





Indice

1 Configurar la redroutedhclient

2 Comprobaciones de la rednetstatping

3 Herramientas de rednslookup

4 whois5 Conexiones remotas

telnetssh

6 Transferencia de archivosremotos

scpwgetrsync

7 Gestion de interfaces de rednetworkingifup/ifdown/ifquery






routedhclient

Comandos utiles: ifconfig

ifconfig

ifconfig configura una interfaz de red.

ifconfig

ifconfig [-v] [-a] [-s] [interface]

ifconfig [-v] interface [aftype] options | address ...






routedhclient

Comandos utiles: ifconfig. Ejemplos

Demostracion.

Mostrar detalles de eth0:

ifconfig eth0

Mostrar detalles de todas las interfaces (includas las desactivadas):

ifconfig -a

Demostracion.

Activar la interfaz eth0:

ifconfig eth0 up

Desactivar la interfaz eth0:

ifconfig eth0 down

Poner en modo promscuo eth0:

ifconfig eth0 promisc

Quitar el modo promscuo de eth0:

ifconfig eth0 -promisc






routedhclient

Comandos utiles: ifconfig. Ejemplos: configurar la IP

Demostracion.

ifconfig eth0 10.10.10.50

ifconfig eth0 netmask 255.255.255.0

ifconfig eth0 broadcast 10.10.10.255

Demostracion.

ifconfig eth0 10.10.10.50 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.10.10.255

Demostracion.

ifconfig eth0 mtu 1500






routedhclient

Configurando la red desde un fichero. . .

/etc/network/interfaces

auto lo

iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0

iface eth0 inet static

address 172.28.12.120

netmask 255.255.255.0

network 172.28.12.0

broadcast 172.28.12.255

gateway 172.28.12.1

allow-hotplug wlan0

iface wlan0 inet manual

wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

iface default inet dhcp






routedhclient

Comandos utiles: iwconfig

iwconfig

iwconfig configura una interfaz de red inalambrica.

iwconfig

iwconfig [interface]

iwconfig interface [essid X] [nwid N] [mode M] [freq F]

[channel C][sens S ][ap A ][nick NN ]

[rate R] [rts RT] [frag FT] [txpower T]

[enc E] [key K] [power P] [retry R]

[modu M] [commit]






routedhclient

Comandos utiles: route

route

route muestra/manipula la tabla de enrutamiento IP.

route

route [-nNvee] [-FC] [] Muestra las tablas de ruteado del nucleo

route [-v] [-FC] {add|del|flush} ... Modifica la tabla de ruteado para AF

Parametros:

v, verbose. Descripcion amplian, numeric. Muestra direcciones numericasen vez de determinar nombres de hosts

e, extend. Muestra otra/mas informacion

F, fib. Muestra la base de informacionhacia adelante (predeterminado)

C, cache. Muestra la cache de enrutado envez de la FIB






routedhclient

Comandos utiles: dhclient

dhclient (Dynamic Host ConfigurationProtocol Client)

dhclient proporciona un medio para configurar una o masinterfaces de red utilizando el Dynamic Host ConfigurationProtocol, protocolo BOOTP, o si estos protocolos fallan,mediante la asignacion de una direccion estatica.

dhclient

dhclient [ -4 | -6 ] [ -S ] [ -N [ -N... ] ] [ -T [ -T... ] ] [ -P [ -P... ] ]

[ -D LL|LLT ] [ -p port ] [ -d ] [ -e VAR=value ] [ -q ] [ -1 ] [ -r | -x ]

[ -lf lease-file ] [ -pf pid-file ] [ --no-pid ] [ -cf config-file ] [ -sf script-file ]

[ -s server-addr ] [ -g relay ] [ -n ] [ -nw ] [ -w ] [ -v ] [ --version ] [ if0 [ ...ifN ] ]

Ver manual.






netstatping

Comandos utiles: netstat

netstatnetstat muestra las conexiones de red, tablas de enrutamiento,estadsticas de interfaces, conexiones enmascaradas y membresasde multidifusion.

netstat

netstat [address_family_options] [--tcp|-t] [--udp|-u] [--raw|-w] [--listening|-l] [--all|-a]

[--numeric|-n] [--numeric-hosts] [--numeric-ports] [--numeric-users] [--symbolic|-N]

[--extend|-e[--extend|-e]] [--timers|-o] [--program|-p] [--verbose|-v] [--continuous|-c]

netstat {--route|-r} [address_family_options] [--extend|-e[--extend|-e]] [--verbose|-v]

[--numeric|-n] [--numeric-hosts] [--numeric-ports] [--numeric-users] [--continuous|-c]

netstat {--interfaces|-i} [--all|-a] [--extend|-e[--extend|-e]] [--verbose|-v] [--program|-p]

[--numeric|-n] [--numeric-hosts] [--numeric-ports] [--numeric-users] [--continuous|-c]

netstat {--groups|-g} [--numeric|-n] [--numeric-hosts] [--numeric-ports] [--numeric-users]

[--continuous|-c]

netstat {--masquerade|-M} [--extend|-e] [--numeric|-n] [--numeric-hosts] [--numeric-ports]

[--numeric-users] [--continuous|-c]

netstat {--statistics|-s} [--tcp|-t] [--udp|-u] [--raw|-w]






netstatping

Comandos utiles: netstat. Parametros (1/2)

verbose , -v Tell the user what is going onby being verbose. Especially print some usefulinformation about unconfigured addressfamilies.wide , -W Do not truncate IP addresses byusing output as wide as needed. This isoptional for now to not break existing scripts.numeric , -n Show numerical addressesinstead of trying to determine symbolic host,port or user names.

numeric-hosts shows numerical hostaddresses but does not affect the resolution ofport or user names.

numeric-ports shows numerical portnumbers but does not affect the resolution ofhost or user names.

numeric-users shows numerical user IDsbut does not affect the resolution of host orport names.






netstatping

Comandos utiles: netstat. Parametros (2/2)

protocol=family , -A Specifies the addressfamilies (perhaps better described as low levelprotocols) for which connections are to beshown. family is a comma (,) separated list ofaddress family keywords like inet, unix, ipx,ax25, netrom, and ddp. This has the sameeffect as using the inet, unix (-x),ipx, ax25, netrom, and ddpoptions. The address family inet includes raw,udp and tcp protocol sockets.

c, continuous This will cause netstat toprint the selected information every secondcontinuously.

e, extend Display additional information.Use this option twice for maximum detail.

o, timers Include information related tonetworking timers.

p, program Show the PID and name of theprogram to which each socket belongs.

l, listening Show only listening sockets.(These are omitted by default.)

a, all Show both listening and non-listeningsockets. With the interfaces option, showinterfaces that are not up

F Print routing information from the FIB. (Thisis the default.)

C Print routing information from the routecache.






netstatping

Comandos utiles: netstat. ejemplos

Demostracion.

netstat -a

netstat -l






netstatping

Comandos utiles: ping

ping

ping enva la senal ICMP ECHO REQUEST a un host en red.

ping

ping [-aAbBdDfhLnOqrRUvV] [-c count] [-F flowlabel] [-i interval] [-I interface] [-l preload]

[-m mark] [-M pmtudisc_option] [-N nodeinfo_option] [-w deadline] [-W timeout] [-p pattern]

[-Q tos] [-s packetsize] [-S sndbuf] [-t ttl] [-T timestamp option] [hop ...] destination

Ver el manual.






nslookup

Comandos utiles: nslookup

nslookup

nslookup solicita interactivamente nombre de servidores deInternet.

nslookup

nslookup [-option] [name | -] [server]

Ver el manual.






nslookup

Comandos utiles: nslookup. Ejemplo

Demostracion.

nslookup

nslookup frabits.com

Server: 127.0.1.1

Address: 127.0.1.1#53

Non-authoritative answer:

Name: frabits.com

Address: 82.98.160.80






Comandos utiles: whois

whois

whois es un cliente para el servicio de directorios whois.

whois

whois [ { -h | --host } HOST ] [ { -p | --port } PORT ] [ -abBcdGHKlLmMrRx ]

[ -g SOURCE:FIRST-LAST ] [ -i ATTR[,ATTR]... ] [ -s SOURCE[,SOURCE]... ]

[ -T TYPE[,TYPE]... ] [ --verbose ] OBJECT

whois -q KEYWORD

whois -t TYPE

whois -v TYPE






Comandos utiles: whois. ParametrosParametros:

h HOST, host HOST connect to serverHOST

p PORT, port PORT connect to PORTH hide legal disclaimers

verbose explain what is being donel find the one level less specific match

L find all levels less specific matches

m find all one level more specific matches

M find all levels of more specific matches

c find the smallest match containing a mnt-irtattribute

x exact match

b return brief IP address ranges with abusecontact

B turn off object filtering (show emailaddresses)

G turn off grouping of associated objects

d return DNS reverse delegation objects too

i ATTR[,ATTR]... do an inverse look-up forspecified ATTRibutes

T TYPE[,TYPE]... only look for objects ofTYPE

K only primary keys are returned

r turn off recursive look-ups for contactinformation

R force to show local copy of the domainobject even if it contains referral

a also search all the mirrored databases

s SOURCE[,SOURCE]... search the databasemirrored from SOURCE

g SOURCE:FIRST-LAST find updates fromSOURCE from serial FIRST to LAST

t TYPE request template for object of TYPE

v TYPE request verbose template for object ofTYPE

q [version|sources|types] query specified serverinfo






telnetssh

Comandos utiles: telnet

telnet

telnet interfaz de usuario para el protocolo TELNET.

telnet

telnet [-468ELadr] [-S tos] [-b address] [-e escapechar] [-l user] [-n tracefile] [host [port]]

Ver el manual.






telnetssh

Comandos utiles: ssh

ssh

ssh cliente de OpenSSH (programa de inicio de sesion remoto).

ssh

ssh [-1246AaCfgKkMNnqsTtVvXxYy] [-b bind_address] [-c cipher_spec] [-D [bind_address:]port]

[-E log_file] [-e escape_char] [-F configfile] [-I pkcs11] [-i identity_file]

[-L [bind_address:]port:host:hostport] [-l login_name] [-m mac_spec] [-O ctl_cmd]

[-o option] [-p port] [-Q cipher | cipher-auth | mac | kex | key]

[-R [bind_address:]port:host:hostport] [-S ctl_path] [-W host:port]

[-w local_tun[:remote_tun]] [user@]hostname [command]

Ver el manual.






scpwgetrsync

Comandos utiles: scp

scp

scp es una aplicacion para copia segura de ficheros remotos.

Similar a cp, pero usando ssh.

scp

scp [-12346BCpqrv] [-c cipher] [-F ssh_config] [-i identity_file]

[-l limit] [-o ssh_option] [-P port] [-S program]

[[user@]host1:]file1 ... [[user@]host2:]file2

Ver el manual.






scpwgetrsync

Comandos utiles: wget

wget

wget es una aplicacion no interactiva para descargar ficheros de lared.

wget

wget [OPCION]... [URL]...

Ver el manual.






scpwgetrsync

Comandos utiles: rsync

rsyncrsync es una aplicacion rapida y versatil para copiar ficherosremotos o locales.

wget

Local: rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [DEST]

Access via remote shell:

Pull: rsync [OPTION...] [USER@]HOST:SRC... [DEST]

Push: rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [USER@]HOST:DEST

Access via rsync daemon:

Pull: rsync [OPTION...] [USER@]HOST::SRC... [DEST]

rsync [OPTION...] rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/SRC... [DEST]

Push: rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [USER@]HOST::DEST

rsync [OPTION...] SRC... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/DEST

Ver el manual.






networkingifup/ifdown/ifquery

Comandos utiles: /etc/init.d/networking

/etc/init.d/networking

/etc/init.d/networking gestiona los servicios de red.

/etc/init.d/networking

Inicia los servicios de red:

/etc/init.d/networking start (service networking start)

Reinicia los servicios de red:

/etc/init.d/networking restart (service networking restart)

Detiene los servicios de red:

/etc/init.d/networking stop (service networking stop)







Comandos utiles: ifup/ifdown/ifquery

ifup/ifdown/ifquery

ifup/ifdown/ifquery levanta/para/analiza una interfaz de red.

ifup/ifdown/ifquery

ifup [-nv] [--no-act] [--verbose] [-i FILE|--interfaces=FILE] [--allow CLASS] -a|IFACE...

ifdown [-nv] [--no-act] [--verbose] [-i FILE|--interfaces=FILE] [--allow CLASS] -a|IFACE...

ifquery [-nv] [--no-act] [--verbose] [-i FILE|--interfaces=FILE] [--allow CLASS] -a|IFACE...

ifquery -l|--list [-nv] [--no-act] [--verbose] [-i FILE|--interfaces=FILE] [--allow CLASS] -a|IFACE...

ifquery --state [IFACE...]







Comandos utiles: ifup/ifdown/ifquery. Parametros (1/2)

Parametros:

a, all If given to ifup, affect all interfacesmarked auto. Interfaces are brought up in theorder in which they are defined in/etc/network/interfaces. Combined withallow, acts on all interfaces of a specifiedclass instead. If given to ifdown, affect alldefined interfaces. Interfaces are brought downin the order in which they are currently listed inthe state file. Only interfaces defined in/etc/network/interfaces will be brought down.force Force configuration ordeconfiguration of the interface.h, help Show summary of options.allow=CLASS Only allow interfaces listedin an allow-CLASS line in/etc/network/interfaces to be acted upon.

i FILE, interfaces=FILE Read interfacedefinitions from FILE instead of from/etc/network/interfaces.

X PATTERN, exclude=PATTERN Excludeinterfaces from the list of interfaces to operateon by the PATTERN. PATTERN uses a usualshell glob syntax. If shell wildcards are not used,it must match the exact interface name. Thisoption may be specified multiple times resultingin more than one pattern being excluded.

o OPTION=VALUE Set OPTION to VALUEas though it were in /etc/network/interfaces.

n, no-act Dont configure any interfaces orrun any up or down commands.







Comandos utiles: ifup/ifdown/ifquery. Parametros (2/2)

Parametros:

no-mappings Dont run any mappings. Seeinterfaces(5) for more information about themapping feature.

no-scripts Dont run any scripts under/etc/network/if-.d/

no-loopback Disable special handling of theloopback interface. By default, the loopbackinterface (lo on Linux) is predefined internallyas an auto interface, so its brought up on ifup-a automatically. In the case the loopbackdevice is redefined by user, the interface isconfigured just once anyway. If, however,another interface is also defined as loopback,its configured as usual. Specifying this optiondisables this behaviour, so the loopbackinterface wont be configured automatically.

V, version Show copyright and versioninformation.

v, verbose Show commands as they areexecuted.

l, list For ifquery, list all the interfaceswhich match the specified class. If no classspecified, prints all the interfaces listed as auto.

state For ifquery, dump the state of theinterfaces. When no interfaces specified, listsall interfaces brought up together with logicalinterfaces assigned to them and exits with astatus code indicating success. If one or moreinterfaces specified, display state of theseinterfaces only; successful code is returned if allof interfaces given as arguments are up.Otherwise, 0 is returned.







Comandos utiles: ifup/ifdown/ifquery. Ejemplos

Demostracion.

ifup/ifdown/ifquery

ifup -a

Levanta todas las interfaces de red definicas con auto en /etc/network/interfaces

ifup eth0

Levanta la interfaz de red eth0

ifup eth0=home

Levanta la interfaz de red eth0 como la interfaz logica home

ifdown -a

Tira todas las interfaces que actualmente estan levantadas

ifquery -l

Muestra los nombres de todas las interfaces especificadas con la palabra clave auto

ifquery -l --allow=hotplug

Muestra los nombres de todas las interfaces especificadas con la palabra clave allow-hotplug

ifquery eth0

Muestra las opciones de interfaz como se especifica en la configuracion de ifupdown.

Cada par clave-valor se muestra en una lnea individual usando ":" como separador


Configurar la redroutedhclient

Comprobaciones de la rednetstatping

Herramientas de rednslookup

whoisConexiones remotastelnetssh

Transferencia de archivos remotosscpwgetrsync

Gestin de interfaces de rednetworkingifup/ifdown/ifquery

Documents

Comandos Redes Linux