1

Summing Up the Summit 1 2 Supplementary Information 3 4 Below is our analysis of the official action plans submitted to the NY Climate Summit. See 5 Table 1 for our complete evaluation of the emissions reductions and financial pledges made in 6 each of the 29 commitments. 7 8 Africa Clean Energy Corridor - Action Statement and Action Plan 9

- There is overlap with some countries SE4ALL, but because the overall emissions impact 10 is rather negligible, we assume the emissions impact is counted at 100 percent. 11

- The action plan states that implementation would reduce by 2030 “up to 127 metric 12 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent relative to a 2015 baseline.” We therefore 13 interpolated that the emissions reductions would be 42 tons CO2e in 2020. 14

15 Agriculture - Action Statement 16

- There was no explicit climate emissions impact committed, and no explicit financial 17 commitments made. 18

- The intentions are to “improve food security and nutrition by incorporating climate-19 smart approaches into agriculture of all types and all scales, in order to achieve the 20 following three aspirational outcomes: (i) Sustainable and equitable increases in 21 agricultural productivity and incomes; (ii) Greater resilience of food systems and 22 farming livelihoods; and (iii) Reduction and/or removal of greenhouse gas emissions 23 associated with agriculture (including the relationship between agriculture and 24 ecosystems), wherever possible.” Therefore, we assume no direct emissions implication 25 or contribution to bridging the emissions gap. 26

27 Aviation Action Statement 28

- Estimated emissions impact to be 47,777,500 tCO2e by 2020, given interpolated 29 estimates. 30

- However, the commitments pledged are not additional. The action plan states: 31 “Additional work under ICAO will be undertaken to explore the sector’s long-term global 32 goal, recognizing the aviation industry’s existing goal to halve net CO2 emissions by 33 2050 compared to 2005 levels” (see also Aviation Environment Federation1). 34

35 Aviation Action Plan 36

- Estimated emissions impact to be 47,777,500 tCO2e by 2020, given interpolated 37 estimates. 38

- The plan is the same as the Aviation Action Statement and does not include additional 39 GHG reductions 40

41

COMMENTARY:

Towards a new climate diplomacy

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONDOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE2594

NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE | www.nature.com/natureclimatechange 1

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Caring for Climate Business Leadership Criteria on Carbon Pricing - Action Statement 42 - There was no explicit climate emissions impact committed, and no explicit financial 43

commitments made. 44 45 The Cities Climate Finance Leadership Alliance - Action Statement 46

- There was no explicit climate emissions impact committed, and no explicit financial 47 commitments made. 48

49 Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short Lived Climate Pollutants - Action 50 Statements 51

- Only two of the four initiatives mentioned under this commitment have potential 52 emissions impact. The other two focus primarily on capacity-building efforts and do not 53 have explicit emissions impacts. None of the commitments in this action plan have 54 explicit financial pledges associated. 55

56 Climate Information for Climate Action - Action Statement 57

- There was no explicit climate emissions impact committed, and no explicit financial 58 commitments made. 59

60 Compact of Mayors - Action Statement 61

- No explicit financial pledges were made, although the Global Environment Facility has 62 pledged $100 million in the context of its Integrated Sustainable Cities Initiative in 63 conjunction with the UN Climate Summit.2 However, none of the GEF committed funds 64 are additional. 65

- During the Climate Summit itself, the Compact of Mayors committed to reduce 66 emissions by 454 MtCO2e a year starting in 2020 at the UN Climate Summit. The 67 Compact includes over 2,000 cities and 228 with specific targets and strategies for 68 greenhouse gas reductions. These 228 cities comprise approximately 436 million people 69 and a little over 5 percent of the global population, according to the Compact. 70

- This is a more conservative estimate of the emissions impact. 71 72 Compact of States and Regions - Action Statement 73

- There was no explicit climate emissions impact committed, and no explicit financial 74 commitments made. 75

- It is likely that countries will assume the emissions reductions as part of INDCs. The 76 additionality is therefore uncertain and questionable. 77

- Recent analysis conducted by the Carbon Disclosure Project3 as a first-step for the 78 Compact of States and Regions, surveyed sub-national governments whose emissions 79 total 750 million tons of GHG emissions. However, only 75% of 12 respondents said that 80 they had region-wide emission targets. These targets cluster around the years 2020 and 81

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2050, and vary in percentage reduction commitments of 10 percent to 80 percent 82 reduction. Some states, like the US state of Vermont, has two emissions reduction targets 83 in place: one for a 50% reduction in emissions by 2028, and one for a 75% reduction in 84 emissions by 2050, based on a 1990 baseline. 85

86 Divest-Invest Global Movement - Action Statement and Action Plan 87

- There was no explicit climate emissions impact committed, and no explicit financial 88 commitments made. 89

90 Energy Efficiency Accelerator Platform (SE4ALL) - Action Statement 91

- The action plan states that implementation would “reduce annual CO2 emissions by 92 about 7 gigatonnes(Gt) in 2035.” We therefore interpolated what the annual reductions 93 would be in 2020. 94

- Although the Cook Islands, Kiribati, Palau, Solomon Islands are participating in both this 95 initiative and the SIDS Lighthouse, none of these islands are participating in the District 96 Energy Accelerator sub-plan within the SE4ALL platform, so these is no direct source of 97 additionality between these nation’s commitments to renewable energy between these 98 two action plans. 99

100 Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture - Action Plan 101

- There was no explicit climate emissions impact committed, and no explicit financial 102 commitments made. 103

104 Global Geothermal Alliance - Action Statement and Action Plan 105

- No work plan was provided until January 2015, so there was no explicit climate 106 emissions impact committed, and no explicit financial commitments made. 107

108 Global Green Freight - Action Statement and Plan 109

- There was no explicit climate emissions impact committed, and no explicit financial 110 commitments made. 111

112 Global Investors - Action Statement 113

- There was no explicit climate emissions impact committed, and no explicit financial 114 commitments made. 115

116 Integrating Risks into the Financial System: The 1-in-100 Initiative - Action Statement 117

- Commits to coordinating at least $100 million annual investment into public science 118 research by the global industry from 2016 onwards. No explicit emissions reduction 119 impacts. 120

121

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International Association of Public Transport (UITP) - Action Plan 122 - The national signatories of the UITP action plan represent regions that overlap with the 123

areas represented under the Compact of Mayors. For this reason the emissions impacts 124 are determined to not be additional. 125

126 Low Carbon Rail Transport Challenge - Action Plan 127

- The action plan makes specific emission reduction pledges, i.e. 50 percent reduction of 128 emissions by 2030 relative to 1990 levels, and 75 percent by 2050. 129

- Estimated emissions impact to be 56,475,000 tCO2e by 2020, given interpolated 130 estimates. 131

- However, the plan was announced prior to the UN Climate Summit in New York so is 132 not additional. 133

134 Municipal Solid Waste - Action Statement and Plan 135

- We assume 100 percent overlap with the Global Compact of Cities’ efforts to reduce 136 methane from municipal solid waste. 137

138 New York Declaration on Forests - Action Statement and Action Plan 139

- The action statement itself estimated that the result of committing to halving global 140 deforestation by 2020 and ultimately striving to end deforestation by 2030 would result in 141 avoiding between 4.5 and 8.8 billion tons of CO2e every year by 2030. 142

- The broad range of estimated emissions impact by 2030 assumes global participation in 143 addressing deforestation. Our estimates are more conservative in that we estimate the 144 additional emissions impact of the 32 countries who have signed on to the NY 145 Declaration on Forests. 146

- We used 1990 to 2011 land-use change and forestry (LUCF) emissions data from WRI’s 147 Climate Analysis Indicators Tool4 to estimate business-as-usual (BAU) projected 2020 148 LUCF emissions. We used a simple linear interpolation model to estimate the annual 149 2020 BAU LUCF emissions to be 1238.846 MtCO2e. We implied reaching the 2020 goal 150 of halving forest loss would result in a 50 percent reduction of LUCF emissions from 151 2020 BAU levels, or 619.42 MtCO2e. 152

- We then analyzed national climate mitigation commitments reported through UNFCCC 153 national communications, and Kyoto Protocol and Copenhagen Accord pledges (see 154 Table S1 for more details). We looked for two elements: whether countries who signed 155 onto the NY Declaration on Forests include a forestry component (e.g., reforestation 156 efforts, increase in forest cover) as part of their existing climate mitigation pledges; and 157 second, what the estimated 2020 LUCF emissions are given such efforts. In total, we 158 determined 13 countries that signed onto the NY Declaration also include reductions in 159 LUCF emissions as part of efforts to mitigate climate change. For countries that did not 160 estimate projected 2020 emissions and did not include forestry-related emissions 161

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reductions as part of climate pledges, we estimated their 2020 LUCF emissions based on 162 1990 to 2011 data.4 We aggregated the 2020 LUCF emissions to estimate the result of 163 LUCF climate mitigation efforts to be 950.32 MtCO2e. 164

- We then subtracted the projected 2020 LUCF emissions from current climate efforts from 165 the 2020 BAU LUCF emissions, which was 288.52 MtCO2e. This number was 166 subtracted from the target goal (619.42 MtCO2e) to yield 330.90 MtCO2e as the 167 additional LUCF emissions reductions from the pledge (see Figure S1). 168

169

170 Figure S1. The additional emissions impact resulting from the NY Declaration on Forests, 171 taking into account overlaps between countries who include Data sources: BAU emissions 172 estimates were derived from WRI ( 2014).4 Estimates of the current climate efforts were based 173 on authors’ own research (see Table S1). 174 175 Oil & Gas Climate Initiative Announcement - Action Statement 176

- There was no explicit climate emissions impact committed, and no explicit financial 177 commitments made. 178

179 Oil and Gas Methane Partnership - Action Statement and Plan 180

- There was no explicit climate emissions impact committed, and no explicit financial 181 commitments made. 182

183 Phasing Down Climate Potent HFCs - Action Statement and Plan 184

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- The commitment explicitly states that emissions accounting and reporting remains under 185 the UNFCCC. 186

- We assume 100 percent overlap with national commitments. 187 188 Promoting Disaster and Climate Risk Resilience Through Regional Programmatic and 189 Risk Financing Mechanisms - Action Statement and Action Plan 190

- There was no explicit climate emissions impact committed, and no explicit financial 191 commitments made. 192

193 Resilient Cities Acceleration Initiative - Action Statement 194

- There was no explicit climate emissions impact committed, and no explicit financial 195 commitments made. 196

197 Small Island Developing States (SIDS) Lighthouses Initiative - Action Statement and 198 Action Plan 199

- The SIDS Lighthouse Initiative pledged to deploy 100 MW of new solar PV and 20 MW 200 of new wind power by 2020. To translate the emissions reduction benefits of these 201 renewable energy commitments, we used emissions factors from IEA (2010)5 and 202 capacity factors from NREL (2014)6 to calculate the proposal’s carbon emissions savings. 203

- Using average on-shore wind and photovoltaic capacity factors from NREL (2014)6 (38 204 percent and 20 percent respectively), we found the annual kWh production by 2020 205 assuming 100 percent connectivity and no curtailment. Multiplying the above emissions 206 factor and 2020 electricity production in kWh we found implied tons of CO2e reduced 207 and summed them to get a total of 181,044 tCO2e (Table S2). 208

- The above tCO2e reduction figure is assumed to be completely additional to SIDS’ 209 commitments through the UNFCCC, because these countries do not have formal 210 mitigation requirements (i.e., they are non-Annex I countries). 211

- However, we recognize that some of SIDS have submitted nationally-appropriate 212 mitigation action (NAMAs) plans: 4 of 18 countries have existing NAMA commitments 213 that are potential sources of additionality: 214

- Antigua and Barbuda communicated that it would voluntarily undertake 215 nationally appropriate, measurable and verifiable actions aimed at further 216 reducing its already minuscule GHG emissions by 25 percent below 1990 217 levels by 2020. 218

- Cook Islands set a policy goal for reaching 100 per cent renewable 219 electricity by 2020, with a phased-in implementation plan that achieves 50 220 per cent by 2015. 221

- Maldives communicated that it aims to achieve carbon neutrality by 2020. 222 - Mauritius communicated that it has already embarked on a comprehensive 223

Sustainable Development Programme as part of the “Maurice Ile Durable” 224 initiative, which prioritizes renewable energy and energy efficiency. 225

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7

- Financial backing language is loose; only says to “mobilize USD $500 million” for the 226 purposes of establishing renewable energy. 227

228 Transport - Joint Action Statement 229

- The Transport Joint Action Statement incorporates the action items for the International 230 Association of Public Transport (UITP), the International Union of Railways (UIC), and 231 the United Nations Human Settlement Program (UN-Habitat). These include the Urban 232 Electric Mobility Vehicles Initiative (UEMI), UITP Declaration on Climate Leadership, 233 and the International Railway Association (UIC) Low-Carbon Sustainable Rail Transport 234 Challenge. In total it encompasses a commitment of 550 MtCO2e avoided in the year 235 2025. 236

- We assume 100 percent overlap with the Global Compact of Mayors cities, particularly 237 with the UITP pledges, as this incorporates public transit and is mostly centered in cities. 238

- There were no explicit financial commitments in any statement from the sector 239 - Rail transport challenge is the only one that makes specific pledges - 50 percent 240

reduction of emissions by 2030 relative to 1990 levels. 241 242 Urban Electric Mobility Initiative - Action Plan 243

- There was no explicit climate emissions impact committed, and no explicit financial 244 commitments made. 245

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8

References 1 Airlines pledge to halve carbon emissions by 2050 (Aviation Environment Federation, 2009).; available: http://www.aef.org.uk/2009/09/23/airlines-pledge-to-halve-carbon-emissions-by-2050/. 2 Global Environment Facility The GEF commits US$100 Million for an innovative integrated program on Sustainable Cities (GEF, 2014); available: http://www.thegef.org/gef/node/10826. 3 The state of play: Emissions reporting and climate action at the sub-national level (CDP, 2014); available: http://thecleanrevolution.org/publications/the-state-of-play-emissions-reporting-and-climate-change-action-at-the-sub-national-level. 4 Climate Analysis Indicators Tool 2.0 (WRI, 2014); available: http://cait2.wri.org 5 International Energy Agency CO2 Emissions From Fuel Combustion (IEA, 2013); available: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/co2emissionsfromfuelcombustionhighlights2013.pdf. 6 National Renewable Energy Laboratory Utility-Scale Energy Technology Capacity Factors (NREL, 2014); available: http://www.nrel.gov/analysis/tech_cap_factor.html

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9

Table S1. Evaluation of 32 countries that signed onto the New York Declaration on Forests and whether they already include LUCF offsets into existing climate mitigation pledges.

Country

Forests+included+in+2020+target?

Annual+emissions+by+2020+(MtCO2e) SOURCE NOTES

Belgium Yes *2.11

National3Communication.3http://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/annex_i_natcom/submitted_natcom/application/pdf/bel_nc6_rev_eng.pdf This3is3based3on3LULUCF3offsets.

Burkina3Faso No 11.34National3Communication;320203LUCF3emissions3interpolated3based3on31990*20113LUCF3emissions3(WRI3CAIT,32014)

Canada Yes 130.00

National3Communication;3http://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/annex_i_natcom/submitted_natcom/application/pdf/bel_nc6_rev_eng.pdf

Chile Yes *0.15National3Communication;3http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/chinc2e.pdf

Colombia Yes *3.79National3Communication;3http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/colnc2exsume.pdf

This3is3the3sum3of3public3reforesting3projects3and3private3plantations3with3203year3projections3and3the3projection3from3CDM3projects3based3interpolation3from3a320353horizon.3Disaggregated,3the3breakdown3is344.2673Mt3by320303(private3plantations),3263Mt3by320353(CDM),3and313.183Mt3(rural/water3protection).3We3summed3the3total3offsets3together,3assumed3equal3reductions3over32010*20203and3subtracted3this3number3from3projected3LUCF3emissions3in32020.

Costa3Rica Yes *3.70

National3Climate3Change3Strategy3(MINAET3(2009b).3Estrategia3Nacional3de3Cambio3Climático3(ENCC)3Costa3Rica.3Ministerio3del3Ambiente3Energía3y3Telecomunicaciones3https://unfccc.int/files/cooperation_and_support/financial_mechanism/application/pdf/costa_rica_eng_needs_report_final.pdf

Cote3d'Ivoire No 7.52

National3Communication3(2010).3http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/cotnc2.pdf;320203projected3emissions3are3interpolated3based3on31990*20113LUCF3emissions3(WRI3CAIT,32014)

Dem.3Rep.3of3Congo No 146.07Interpolated3based3on31990*20113LUCF3emissions3(WRI3CAIT,32014)

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Denmark Yes *1.90

Danish3National3Climate3Policy3Plan;3http://www.ens.dk/sites/ens.dk/files/policy/danish*climate*energy*policy/danishclimatepolicyplan_uk.pdf This3is3an3estimate3of3uptake3of3CO23from3soils3and3forests.

Dominican3Republic No 7.00

FCPF3Communication3(2011);3https://www.forestcarbonpartnership.org/sites/forestcarbonpartnership.org/files/Documents/PDF/Jan2013/Hacia%20un%20crecimiento%20sostenible%20*%20El%20Plan%20DECCC%20de%20RD%20*%20Vers.pdf

Ethiopia No 25.42Interpolated3based3on31990*20113LUCF3emissions3(WRI3CAIT,32014)

European3Union No *182.11

European3Commission3(2014).320303framework3for3climate3and3energy3policies;3however,3LULUCF3included3under3Kyoto;3http://climateactiontracker.org/countries/eu.html;3Interpolated3based3on31990*20113LUCF3emissions3(WRI3CAIT,32014)

From3Climate3Action3Tracker:3"Emissions3and3removals3from3LULUCF3are3not3included3in3the3achievement3of3the3reduction3target;3the3LULUCF3sector3is3accounted3for3under3the3Kyoto3Protocol3according3to3the3relevant3decisions3made3in3Durban.3However,3the3EU3target3may3account3for3the3LULUCF3emissions3at3a3later3stage,3given3that3the3legislation3already3foresees3that3accounting3rules3should3ensure3permanence3and3environmental3integrity."

France Yes *60.00

National3Communication;3http://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/non*annex_i_natcom/submitted_natcom/application/pdf/english_abstract__6nc_fr[1].pdf

Germany No 0.00National3Communication;3http://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/annex_i_natcom/submitt

Guyana Yes *7.93National3Communication;3http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/guync2.pdf

The3report3gives3two3different3baselines3based3on3REDD3programs3working3or3not.3It3also3does3not3presume3mitigation3efforts3will3occur,3making3these3pledges3clearly3contingent3on3outside3support.3The3report3says3between3150,351,9183tonnes3and3167,598,3403tonnes3abated3between320103and32030,3so3we3assume3equal3abatement3on3an3annual3basis.

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Indonesia Yes 1,524.00

Government3of3Indonesia3(2010).3Indonesia's3pledge3to3the3Copenhagen3Accord.3;3http://climateactiontracker.org/countries/developing/indonesia.html;3Emission3levels3including3LULUCF3are3expected3to3reach32,5403MtCO2e3in32020,3with360%3of3these3coming3from3the3land3use3sector.

From3Climate3Action3Tracker:3"Indonesia3proposed3to3cut3emissions3by326%3by320203from3business*as*usual3(BAU)3levels.3The3target3was3proposed3in3September320093and3submitted3to3the3Copenhagen3Accord3on3303January32010.3A3large3proportion3of3these3reductions3would3come3from3reducing3deforestation.3In3April32011,3Indonesia3clarified3that,3in3addition3to3its3unilateral326%3target,3it3proposes3a341%3reduction3below3BAU3target3conditional3to3international3support3for3Nationally3Appropriate3Mitigation3Actions3(NAMAs)."

Japan No *44.00

Ministry3of3Environment,3Japan3(MOE)3(2013).3Warsaw3Climate3Change3Conference,3November32013.3http://www.env.go.jp/en/earth/cc/cop19_summary.html3(213November,32014).3

Kenya Yes 17.00

government3of3Kenya;3http://cdkn.org/wp*content/uploads/2013/03/Kenya*National*Climate*Change*Action*Plan.pdf

This3comes3from3estimates3of3expected3emissions3reductions3from3the3Kenyan3government's3national3climate3change3action3plan.

Liberia No 15.00

National3Communication;3http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/lbrnc1.pdf;3Interpolated3based3on31990*20113LUCF3emissions3(WRI3CAIT,32014)

Because3data3were3lost3in3Liberia's3war3in3the3early32000s,3the3government3insists3information3on3relevant3sectors3does3not3exist3to3make3accurate3estimates3for3mitigation.

Lithuania No 6.70

National3Communication;3http://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/annex_i_natcom/submitted_natcom/application/pdf/lithuania_6_nc_1br_unfccc_v_0.1[1].pdf;3Interpolated3based3on31990*20113LUCF3emissions3(WRI3CAIT,32014)

The3national3GHG3inventory3shows3forest3emissions3improving3every3year3by3a3negligible3amount;3in320123emissions3were30.117MtCO2e:3http://www.am.lt/VI/en/VI/files/File/Climate%20change/LT_NIR_2014.pdf

Mexico No 22.50

National3Communication;3http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/mexnc5s.pdf;3Interpolated3based3on31990*20113LUCF3emissions3(WRI3CAIT,32014)

From3national3communication:3zero3deforestation3goal3by320203and3lists3projects3with3potential3emissions3reducts3of3323MtCO23by32020,3but3these3are3not3stated3as3commitments3(pg342/262).

Mongolia Yes *1.50National3Communication;3http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/mongnc2.pdf

Nepal No *4.78http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/nepnc1.pdf;3Interpolated3based3on31990*20113LUCF3emissions3(WRI3CAIT,32014)

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Netherlands No 2.06

National3Communication;3http://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/annex_i_natcom/submitted_natcom/application/pdf/the_netherlands_nc6[1].pdf;3Interpolated3based3on31990*20113LUCF3emissions3(WRI3CAIT,32014)

Report3points3out3that3forests3only3contribute310%3to3Netherlands'3land3use.

Norway Yes *24.00

Norwegian3Ministry3of3Climate3and3Environment3(2014):3Norway’s3Sixth3National3Communication,3Norwegian3Ministry3of3Climate3and3Environment;3http://climateactiontracker.org/countries/developing/norway.html

Peru No 79.43

National3Communication;3http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/pernc2s.pdf;3Interpolated3based3on31990*20113LUCF3emissions3(WRI3CAIT,32014)

Goal3to3preserve380%3of3forest3cover3in3the3country3and3543million3hectares3of3forest,3but3no3specific3date3or3reduction3target3mentioned.

Philippines No 0.12http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/phinc1.pdf;3Interpolated3based3on31990*20113LUCF3emissions3(WRI3CAIT,32014)

No3explicit3reference3to3deforestation,3though3an3explicit3reference3to3the3Philippine3strategy3for3sustainable3development3(http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/1990/01/700349/philippines*philippine*strategy*sustainable*development*conceptual*framework)3which3does3include3an3action3item3on3forests,3but3this3item's3timeline3(143yrs3out3from31990)3has3lapsed.

Rep.3of3Korea No *23.00

Republic3of3Korea3(2012).3South3Korea’s33rd3National3Communication3to3the3UNFCCC3(http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/kornc3.pdf);3http://climateactiontracker.org/countries/southkorea.html

Togo No 8.55

National3Communication3(2010).3http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/tognc2.pdf;3Interpolated3based3on31990*20113LUCF3emissions3(WRI3CAIT,32014)

No320203forestry3commitments3in3latest3national3communication3(2010)

United3Kingdom No *0.44

Department3of3Energy3and3Climate3Change3(DECC)3Report,3by3Centre3for3Ecology3and3Hydrology,3Natural3Environmental3Research3Council,3April32013;3http://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/annex_i_natcom/submitted_natcom/application/pdf/uk_6nc_and_br1_2013_final_web*access[1].pdf33and3http://uk*air.defra.gov.uk/assets/documents/reports/cat07/1304300925_Projections_of_emissions_and_removals_from_the_LULUCF_sector_to_2050

In3addition3to3estimating3the3total3LULUCF3offsets,3the3DECC3report3also3includes3total3area3of3forest3projected3for32020.3The3National3report3notes:3"3In32013,3a3further3£9693million3was3announced3[to3the3IFC3deforestation3fund],3increasing3the3fund3to3£3.873billion"3from32011/123to32015/16.3(p314,3http://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/annex_i_natcom/submitted_natcom/application/pdf/uk_6nc_and_br1_2013_final_web*access[1].pdf)

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USA Yes *6143and3*898

United3States3Department3of3State3(2014).36th3National3Communication/First3Biennial3Report3to3the3UNFCCC.;3http://climateactiontracker.org/countries/usa.html

High3degree3of3uncertainty3noted3by3Climate3Action3Tracker3regarding3the3final3level3of3emissions3sink3in3the3LULUCF3sector3in32020.3"For3the3lower3end3of3the3range,3the3emission3reduction3pledge3will3be3achieved.3This3means3that3using3this3data,3the3USA3will3need3to3fully3implement3the3CAP3and3reach3the3high3end3of3sequestration3removals3in3order3to3meet3the3pledge."

Viet3Nam No 13.94

National3Communication3(2010),3list3of3potentail3reforestation3projects3and3associated3carbon3reductions,3but3no3firm3commitments3towards3an3overall3carbon3reduction3goal;3http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/vnmnc02.pdf;3Interpolated3based3on31990*20113LUCF3emissions3(WRI3CAIT,32014)

"The3baseline3GHG3emission3scenario3for3LULUCF3was3built3upon3the3Viet3Nam's3Forestry3Development3Strategy3for32006*2020.3The3strategy3sets3specific3goals3to3be3reached3between320013and32020,3consisting3of3the3sustainable3management3of38.43million3ha3of3production3forests3including34.153million3ha3of3planted3forests3and33.633million3ha3of3natural3forests,3quality3control,3planning3and3utilization3for35.683million3ha3of3protection3forests3and32.163million3ha3of3special3forests,3reforestation3of30.83million3ha3in3depleted3woodlands,3and3afforestation3for32.53million3ha3of3land."*3National3Communication)

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14

Table S2. SIDS Lighthouse Initiative calculation of 2020 tCO2e avoided due to new installed solar and wind capacity.

Calculation*and*assumptions*for*Energy*(SIDS*Lighthouse*Initiative)*Conversions and figures Source

1 metric ton CO2e= 1,000,000 grams CO2e

1 MW= 1,000 kW 1 year= 8,765 hours

741g CO2e= 0.000741 ton CO2e New Wind Capacity 20 MW

New Solar Capacity 100 MW

Wind capacity factor 0.38 % http://www.nrel.gov/analysis/tech_cap_factor.html

Solar capacity factor 0.20 % http://www.nrel.gov/analysis/tech_cap_factor.html

2020 Wind production 66,394,875 kWh 2020 Solar production 177,929,500 kWh 2020 Wind

reduction 49,199 tons CO2e

2020 Solar reduction 131,846

tons CO2e

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