Commercial nZEB regulations and design strategies · Ventilation (ACMV) ACMV Controls Insulation of Storage Vessels, Pipes and ducts Artificial Lighting QUALITY and COMMISSION Insulation

Commercial nZEB regulations and design strategies

PATRICK DALYLecturer / Researcher School Architecture TU Dublin Energy Efficient Building Design Consultant

nZEB Regulations and Design Copyright © Patrick Daly

Presentation Summary

EPBD and nZEB

Summary of TGD Part L 2017

NEAP SBEM

Achieving nZEB

EPBD nZEB Copyright © Patrick Daly

EPBD nZEB


Directive 2002/91/EC (the EPBD) ORIGINAL ‐ Building Energy Labelling

Directive 2010/31/EU (the EPBD recast) RECAST ‐ nZEB

Directive 2018/844/EU EPBD Update ‐ AMENDED Renovation of Existing Stock


Directive 2010/31/EU (the EPBD recast) CURRENT

All new buildings must be nearly zero‐energy buildings by 31 December 2020

(public buildings by 31 December 2018)

Energy performance certificates must be issued when a building is sold or rented, and they must also be included in all advertisements for the sale or rental of buildings

EU countries must establish inspection schemes for heating and air conditioning systems or put in place measures with equivalent effect

EU countries must set cost‐optimal minimum energy performance requirements for new buildings, for the major renovation of existing buildings, and for the replacement or retrofit of building elements (heating and cooling systems, roofs, walls and so on)

EU countries must draw up lists of national financial measures to improve the energy efficiency of buildings.



Article 1 Main Requirements

(a) the common general framework for a methodology for calculating the integrated energy performance of buildings and building units;

(b) the application of minimum requirements to the energy performance of new buildings and new building units;

(c) the application of minimum requirements to the energy performance of:

(i) existing buildings, building units and building elements that are subject to major renovation;

(ii) building elements that form part of the building envelope and that have a significant impact on the energy performance of the building envelope when they are retrofitted or replaced; and

(iii) technical building systems whenever they are installed, replaced or upgraded;

(d) national plans for increasing the number of nearly zero‐ energy buildings;

(e) energy certification of buildings or building units;

(f) regular inspection of heating and air‐conditioning systems in buildings; and

(g) independent control systems for energy performance certificates and inspection reports.



Article 2 Definitions

2. ‘nearly zero‐energy building’ means a building that has a very high energy performance, as determined in accordance with Annex I. The nearly zero or very low amount of energy required should be covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources, including energy from renewable sources produced on‐site or nearby;

10. ‘major renovation’ means the renovation of a building where:

(a) the total cost of the renovation relating to the building envelope or the technical building systems is higher than 25 % of the value of the building, excluding the value of the land upon which the building is situated; or

(b) more than 25 % of the surface of the building envelope undergoes renovation;



Article 9 Nearly zero‐energy buildings

(a) by 31 December 2020, all new buildings are nearly zero‐ energy buildings; and

(b) after 31 December 2018, new buildings occupied and owned by public authorities are nearly zero‐energy buildings.

National plans for increasing the number of nearly zero‐energy buildings

Leading example of the public sector ‐ Establish Targets

Part L TGD 2017 Copyright © Patrick Daly

Overview TGD Part L 2017 (2008)

Part L TGD 2008 ‐ (previous 2005) Copyright © Patrick Daly


LIMITS on Co2 ‐ (PE) NEAP Method SBEM Calc



FABRIC

Fabric Insulation

Thermal Bridging

Air Permeability

Solar Overheating

SERVICES

Heat Plant Efficiency

Controls for SH HW Systems

Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation (ACMV)

Insulation of Storage Vessels, Pipes and ducts

Artificial Lighting



FABRIC

Fabric Insulation

Thermal Bridging

Air Permeability

Solar Overheating

SERVICES





Artificial LightingNEW BUILD

Main Focus

EXIST BUILD

Guidance may not be appropriate, unduly restrictive, impracticable

Architectural or historical interest – alternative approaches



FABRIC

Fabric Insulation

Thermal Bridging

Air Permeability

Solar Overheating

SERVICES






Main Focus

EXIST BUILD



U Values –Elemental & OHL Methods

Simple guidance

Guide ‐ No testing

Simple calculation

1994 EC Efficiency

Simple guidance and reference to design guidance



FABRIC

Fabric Insulation

Thermal Bridging

Air Permeability

Solar Overheating

SERVICES






Main Focus

EXIST BUILD



Method introduced only

U Values –Elemental & OHL Methods

Simple guidance

Guide ‐ No testing

Simple calculation

1994 EC Efficiency

Simple guidance and reference to design guidance

No Significant Performance Improvement from 2005

REFERENCE SPECIFICATION

Compliant with 2005/8




RENEWABLES – Mandatory

10% to 20%



FABRIC

Fabric Insulation

Thermal Bridging

Air Permeability

Solar Gain

Overheating

SERVICES

Heat Generator Efficiency



ACMV Controls


Artificial Lighting

QUALITY and COMMISSION

Insulation continuity and Air Permeability

Thermal Bridging

Air Permeability Pressure Tests

Commissioning Space and Water Heating Systems

USER INFORMATION

Drawings

Manuals

Etc.


10% to 20%



FABRIC

Fabric Insulation

Thermal Bridging

Air Permeability

Solar Gain

Overheating

SERVICES




ACMV Controls


Artificial Lighting



Thermal Bridging



USER INFORMATION

Drawings

Manuals

Etc.

NEW BUILD

EXIST BUILD

Extension

Material Alteration

Material Change of Use

Major Renovation


10% to 20%



FABRIC

Fabric Insulation

Thermal Bridging

Air Permeability

Solar Gain

Overheating

SERVICES




ACMV Controls


Artificial Lighting



Thermal Bridging



USER INFORMATION

Drawings

Manuals

Etc.

U Values

ACDs PSI values

Testing ‐ Q50 5.0

Calc G Value

Guidance

Minimums

Standards

Guide and Standards

Guide and Standards

Guide and Standards

Guide and Standards


10% to 20%

NEW BUILD

EXIST BUILD

Extension

Material Alteration


Major Renovation



FABRIC

Fabric Insulation

Thermal Bridging

Air Permeability

Solar Gain

Overheating

SERVICES




ACMV Controls


Artificial Lighting



Thermal Bridging



USER INFORMATION

Drawings

Manuals

Etc.

U Values

ACDs PSI values

Testing ‐ Q50 5.0

Calc G Value

Guidance

NEW REFERENCE SPEC

60% improved ?

Minimums

Standards

Guide and Standards

Guide and Standards

Guide and Standards

Guide and Standards

Significant Performance Improvement from 2005

Claimed 60% across all buildings ?


10% to 20%

NEW BUILD

EXIST BUILD

Extension

Material Alteration


Major Renovation


TGD Part L 2017Summary


Conservation of Fuel and Energy ‐ other than Dwellings Part L 2017

Implements Irish nZEB Standard under EPBD

Transitional Arrangements

Part L 2008 ceases 31st Dec 2018

Except where works take place on or before 31st Dec 2018

planning approval or permission for buildings has been applied for

on or before 31st December 2018,

and

substantial work has been completed by 1st January 2020


Section 1 New Build


Section 1 New Build

1.1 Limitation of Carbon Emissions (PE)

1.2 Renewable Energy Technologies

1.3 Building Fabric

1.4 Building Services

1.5 Construction quality and commissioning of services

1.6 User information


Section 1 New Build 1.1 Limitation of Carbon Emissions (PE)

Maximum Permitted Energy Performance Coefficient (MPEPC). The MPEPC is 1.0.

Maximum Permitted Carbon Performance Coefficient (MPCPC). The MPCPC is 1.15.

ACTUAL REFERENCE MAX

PERMITTED


Section 1 New Build 1.1 Limitation of Carbon Emissions (PE)

Reference Building

• Same size, shape, and zoning arrangements as the actual building

• Same activities, same orientation and climate

• Same servicing strategy – but different spec

• Specific fabric values – U Values, Thermal Bridging, Air permeability, thermal capacity

• Specific Solar and Daylight transmission

• Specific Areas of windows doors rooflights

• Specific HVAC

• Specific Lighting power density

ACTUAL

REFERENCE


Section 1 New Build 1.2 Renewable Energy Technologies

RER Renewable Energy RatioRenewable Energy Ratio (RER) is the ratio of the primary energy from renewable energy sources to total primary energy as defined and calculated in NEAP.

Where the MPEPC of 1.0 and MPCPC of 1.15 is achieved an RER of 0.20 represents a very significant level of energy provision from renewable energy technologies

Where an EPC of 0.9 and a CPC of 1.04 is achieved an RER of 0.10 represents a very significant level of energy provision from renewable energy technologies

“renewable energy technologies” means technology products or equipment that supply energy derived from renewable energy sources, e.g. solar thermal systems, on‐site solarphotovoltaic systems, biomass systems, systems using biofuels, heat pumps, combined heat and power, aerothermal, geothermal, hydrothermal, wind, biomass and biogases; and other on‐site renewables


Section 1 New Build 1.3 Building Fabric

Fabric Insulation ‐ Table 1 Diag. 1

Thermal Bridging ‐ included in NEAP ‐ ACD’s, Certified Details, Model

Building envelope air permeability Q 50 5 m3/(h.m2)

Limiting the effects of solar gain in summer G‐value calculated to I.S. EN 410: 2011.

Limiting Overheating CIBSE TM 37 CIBSE TM 52


Section 1 New Build 1.4 Building Services




ACMV Controls


Artificial Lighting


Section 2 Existing


Section 2 Existing Build

2.1 Building Fabric

2.2 Building Services

2.3 Major Renovation

2.4 Construction quality and commissioning of services

2.5 User information


Section 2 Existing Build

Application

all works to existing buildings, other than dwellings, that are covered by the requirements of the Building Regulations

Extensions

Material alterations Material changes of use

Major renovations

Window and door replacement.

limit energy requirements for the operation of the building and associated CO2 emissions as far as practicable as required by Regulation L1.


Section 2 Existing Build 2.1 BUILDING FABRIC

Fabric Insulation

For extensions – New Construction ‐ Table 1 Column 3

Material Alterations Table 10 Material Change of Use Table 11

Thermal bridging

Extensions ‐ Appendix D as per new build

Material alterations or material change of use ‐ lintel, jamb and sill designs ‐ Diagram 2 !!!!

Air permeability

Extensions ‐ as per new build

Material alterations or Material change of use ‐ general guidance given


Section 2 Existing Build 2.2 BUILDING SERVICES

Extension, material alteration, material change of use, replacement of services or major renovation to an existing building reasonable provision would be to meet the guidance in this section.

(a) heating generator efficiency (sub‐section 2.2.2);

(b) space heating and hot water supply system controls (sub‐section 2.2.3);

(c) Air conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV) (sub‐section 2.2.4).

(d) Air conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV) controls (sub‐section 2.2.5);

(e) insulation of hot water storage vessels, pipes and ducts (sub‐section 2.2.6);

(f) artificial lighting (sub‐section 2.2.7).


Section 2 Existing Build 2.3 MAJOR RENOVATION

Where more than 25% of the surface area of the building envelope undergoes renovation the energy performance of the whole building should be improved to cost optimal level in so far as this is technically, functionally and economically feasible.

When calculating the proportion of surface area undergoing renovation the whole building external envelope should be taken into account

Works to the surface area of the building include the following:

‐ Cladding the external surface of the element

‐ Drylining the internal surface of an element

‐ Replacing windows

‐ Stripping down the element to expose the basic structural components and then rebuilding

Note ‐ Painting, replastering or rendering are not considered a major renovation for this part of the regulation.



Cost Optimal Measures ‐ typically economically feasible ……. 2.3.4

Upgrading oil, gas or biomass heating systems

Upgrading controls for direct electric space heating systems

Upgrading cooling and ventilation systems

Upgrading general lighting systems

That are over 15 years old ….with particular efficiency levels.

Part L TGD 2017 Patrick Daly


Alternative Requirements

Alternative to the measures in 2.3.4

where the whole building performance achieves the primary energy performance levels as calculated in NEAP and specified in Table 13 where technically , functionally and economically feasible this can be considered the cost optimal level of performance.

To allow flexibility in application the values in Table 13 can be increased by 15%.


Appendices

Appendix A Calculation of U‐Values

Appendix B Fabric Insulation : Additional Guidance for Common Constructions

Appendix C Reference Values for Calculation of MPEPC and MPCPC

Appendix D Thermal Bridging

Appendix E Specific Fan Power

Appendix F Lighting

Appendix G: Pipework and Ductwork Insulation


Section 1 Limitation of Carbon Emissions (PE)

Appendix C Table C1Reference Spec



2.2

+ 16% of FHL

Local manual switching only in all spaces.

0.160.270.25

0.720.76

10



Domestic hot water (DHW) = as actual building

Space heating = as actual building

SEER = 1.67.

Heating only SCoP = 0.73

NEAP SBEM Copyright © Patrick Daly

The calculation tool to assess key compliance with Limitation of energy and CO2

Non Domestic Energy Assessment Procedure NEAP (Framework)Irelands Official Method for calculation of BER and EPC / CPC under Part LNEAP utilises the Simplified Building Energy Model (SBEM) calculation tool

SBEM calculates the energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in a building based on space heating / cooling, water heating, ventilation, lighting and ancillary loads.

SBEM has been developed by BRE for the UK Department of Communities and Local Government. UK DoCLG has enabled the adaptation of SBEM for official use in Ireland within the framework of NEAP.


The calculation tool to assess key compliance with Limitation of energy and CO2

Key applications

Demonstrating compliance with the primary energy consumption and carbondioxide emission requirements of the building regulations for the Republic ofIreland in respect of buildings other than dwellings.

Calculating Building Energy Ratings (BER) as part of preparing BER certificatesfor buildings other than dwellings in the Republic of Ireland.

Advisory Report – produces automated advisory reports

Tools ‐ iSBEM or DSMs – (SBEM integrated)



NEAP SBEM Patrick Daly

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Achieving nZEB Copyright © Patrick Daly

60 % Reduction

TGD produces no worked examples .. Only Reference Spec as Benchmark

2012 Toward nZEB ‘indicative intermediate values’


Design Strategies

Early Design Analysis is Critical

Answer is in the Building Design – Passive Architecture

Overall Energy Balance ‐ not just about insulation levels

Commercial buildings – tend to be electrical energy dominated

Overheating – Cooling loads

Client equipment loads


Design Strategies

Super Insulation Thermal Bridging Airtightness

Passive Solar Gain ‐ (+) (‐)

Daylight – optimise – daylight response ‐ GLARE !

Ventilation – Passive / Natural Mixed Mode ? Night purge

Thermal Mass ‐ Cooling ‐ Moderation diurnal variation and offset peaks


Design Strategies


SBEM

Energy rating and compliance assess tool Not design tool ‐ Daylight design is critical aspect of Energy Design Limited scope ‐ annual energy , renewables, process energy

Daylight Design

Dynamic Simulation

Specialist tools and softwares

Design Simulation Copyright © Patrick Daly

Design Simulation Copyright © Patrick Daly

Summary

EPBD – nZEB requirements now implemented in Non Domestic Part L

Energy and C02 limits ‐ Reference Specification ‐ Renewables 10‐20%

Fabric requirements ‐U Values, LTB, Air Tightness

HVAC, Lighting Requirements

New and Existing ‐ Major Renovation ‐ 25%

NEAP SBEM ‐ calculation tool for compliance and BER ‐ Insufficient for low energy design

Range of design strategies that need to be modelled – as early as possible

Dynamic Simulation – essential ‐ Daylight

COMMERCIAL nZEB Copyright © Patrick Daly

COMMERCIAL nZEB Copyright © Patrick Daly

THANK YOU

Patrick Daly

TU Dublin [email protected]

Consultant [email protected]

Documents

Commercial nZEB regulations and design strategies · Ventilation (ACMV) ACMV Controls Insulation of Storage Vessels, Pipes and ducts Artificial Lighting QUALITY and COMMISSION Insulation