Upload
parichay-gupto
View
18
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
COMMN
Citation preview
COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION
REQUIREMENTS FOR SCADAREQUIREMENTS FOR SCADA
�� Communication media should have:Communication media should have:
* High Reliability* High Reliability
* High Availability* High Availability
* Rapid Response* Rapid Response
* Transparency* Transparency
* Economy* Economy
* Flexibility* Flexibility
* Maintainability* Maintainability
Modes of CommunicationModes of Communication
�� PLCCPLCC
�� Leased Telephone circuitsLeased Telephone circuits
�� Microwave CommunicationMicrowave Communication
�� Fibre Optics CommunicationFibre Optics Communication
�� Satellite CommunicationSatellite Communication
PLCCPLCC
�� High voltage lines themselves are used as communication High voltage lines themselves are used as communication links.links.
�� Carrier Frequency: 50Carrier Frequency: 50--300 KHz.300 KHz.
�� 3 channels are used generally:3 channels are used generally:
MainMain--Channel Channel -->>
speech channel speech channel –– 300 Hz to 2000 Hz300 Hz to 2000 Hz
TelemetringTelemetring-- 2000 Hz to 3400 Hz2000 Hz to 3400 Hz
ProtectionProtection--ChannelChannel--I I -->>
speech channel speech channel –– 300 Hz to 2000 Hz300 Hz to 2000 Hz
TeleprotectionTeleprotection-- 2000 Hz to 3400 Hz2000 Hz to 3400 Hz
ProtectionProtection--ChannelChannel--II (BackupII (Backup--Protection)Protection)-->>
speech channel speech channel –– 300 Hz to 2000 Hz300 Hz to 2000 Hz
TeleprotectionTeleprotection-- 2000 Hz to 3400 Hz2000 Hz to 3400 Hz
PLCCPLCCAdvantages:Advantages:
1.1. High reliabilityHigh reliability
2.2. All channels are available for dedicated use by All channels are available for dedicated use by
powerpower--utility aloneutility alone
Disadvantages:Disadvantages:
1.1. Cost of insulating communication equipment is highCost of insulating communication equipment is high
2.2. High noise level due to CoronaHigh noise level due to Corona
3.3. High speed dataHigh speed data--transfer not possible because of transfer not possible because of
Bandwidth limitations.Bandwidth limitations.
Microwave CommunicationMicrowave Communication
�� LineLine--ofof--sight communicationsight communication
�� Requires repeaters at 50Requires repeaters at 50--60 kms. Intervals60 kms. Intervals
�� Provides sufficient bandwidth to meet the needs of Provides sufficient bandwidth to meet the needs of power utilitypower utility
�� Higher availability than PLCC, availablity not affected by Higher availability than PLCC, availablity not affected by maintenance or faults on the power linesmaintenance or faults on the power lines
�� Suffers from multipathSuffers from multipath--fading effectfading effect
�� In India, WPC (wireless planning & coIn India, WPC (wireless planning & co--ordination) wing ordination) wing has assigned 2.3has assigned 2.3--2.5 GHz and 2.82.5 GHz and 2.8--5 GHz bands to power 5 GHz bands to power sector usage.sector usage.
Digital Microwave Systems
Leased Telephone CircuitsLeased Telephone Circuits
•Simple solution, no need to develop own dedicated communication facility by power utility
•Availability of this mode of communication at remotely located substations is the deciding factor
FiberFiber--Optic CommunicationOptic Communication�� FiberFiber--optic communication is a method of transmitting information fromoptic communication is a method of transmitting information from
one place to another by sending light through an optical fiber. one place to another by sending light through an optical fiber. The light The light
forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carryforms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry
informationinformation
• The process of communicating using fiber-optics involves the following basic steps:
Creating the optical signal using a transmitterRelaying the signal along the fiber, ensuring that the signal does not become too distorted or weak Receiving the optical signal and converting it into an electrical signal
Analog/DigitalInterface
Voltage toCurrent converter
LightSource
Source toFiber
Interface
Fiber toLight
Detector Interface
LightDetector
Current toVoltage
converter
Analog/DigitalInterface
OUTPUT
INPUT
Optical Fiber
Fiber Optic CommunicationFiber Optic Communication
�� Advantages:Advantages:The ability to carry much more information and deliver it wiThe ability to carry much more information and deliver it with greater fidelity th greater fidelity
than either copper wire or coaxial cable.than either copper wire or coaxial cable.
Fiber optic cable can support much higher data rates, and aFiber optic cable can support much higher data rates, and at greater distancest greater distances
The fiber is totally immune to virtually all kinds of interferenThe fiber is totally immune to virtually all kinds of interference, including ce, including
lightning, and will not conduct electricity. It can therefore colightning, and will not conduct electricity. It can therefore come in direct me in direct
contact with high voltage electrical equipment and power lines. contact with high voltage electrical equipment and power lines.
�� POWERGRID POWERGRID uses overhead fiber optic communication:uses overhead fiber optic communication:
OPGWOPGW (optical ground wire cable)(optical ground wire cable)
ADSSADSS (all dielectric self supporting cable)(all dielectric self supporting cable)
WRAP AROUNDWRAP AROUND
Fibre Optic Systems
OPGW
FODP OLTE
ADD DROP MUX2 MB/S
MICROWAVE RADIO TERMINAL
2 MB/S
INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL & ANALOGNETWORKS
PLCC
VOICE CARD
DATA CARD
OPGWOPGW
�� OPGW (optical ground wire) replaces OPGW (optical ground wire) replaces shield wiresshield wires
•• Provides lightning protectionProvides lightning protection
•• Provides communicationProvides communication
•• Lightning short circuit damageLightning short circuit damage
•• Installation requires long term outageInstallation requires long term outage
•• ExpensiveExpensive
•• Superior performanceSuperior performance
ADSS F.OADSS F.O
�� ADSS (all dielectric self supporting) whichADSS (all dielectric self supporting) which
is mounted at various locations, typically 3is mounted at various locations, typically 3
to 10 meters below the phase conductorsto 10 meters below the phase conductors..
�� ADSS costs less than OPGWADSS costs less than OPGW
�� Higher fiber count than Wrap type.Higher fiber count than Wrap type.
�� Can be installed on towers not designed Can be installed on towers not designed
for shield wires.for shield wires.
�� Suitable for hot line installationSuitable for hot line installation
WRAP AROUND F.OWRAP AROUND F.O
�� WrapWrap--type which is wound around type which is wound around shield wires and, in some instances, shield wires and, in some instances, around energized conductorsaround energized conductors
�� HotHot--line installation is difficultline installation is difficult
�� Cost more than ADSS, but less than Cost more than ADSS, but less than OPGWOPGW
�� Need a shield wireNeed a shield wire
�� No operation problem is observedNo operation problem is observed
OPGW
WRAP
ADSS
OVERHEAD CABLES FOR OVERHEAD CABLES FOR
POWER UTILITIESPOWER UTILITIES
OPGW ADSS WRAP AROUND
AL STRANDAL COATED STEEL STRAND
AL TUBE
XLPE SHEATH
POLYESTER TAPE
MOISTURE BLOCKING COMPOUND
AERIAL OPTICAL FIBRE CABLES
FIBRESTRENGTH MEMBERS
LOOSE TUBE
AD\AS\RKG\JP\FIBCROSS
FIBRE OPTIC CABLE INSTALLATION
OPGW
WRAP AROUND
ADSS
AD\AS\RKG\JP\FIBINST
SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONSATELLITE COMMUNICATION
�� A geostationary satellite is A geostationary satellite is
used as an active repeater.used as an active repeater.
�� Modulated signals are send Modulated signals are send
from earth VSATs in 6 GHz from earth VSATs in 6 GHz
band to the satellite.band to the satellite.
�� Signals are beamed back to Signals are beamed back to
earth in 4 GHz band.earth in 4 GHz band.
�� Roundtime propagation delay Roundtime propagation delay
of 540ms existsof 540ms exists
�� Communication is interrupted Communication is interrupted
during eclipses.during eclipses.
VIJAYAWADATALLAPALLI
GAJUWAKA
VIDYUTH SOUDHA
GOOTY
SALEM400
UDUMALPETTRICHUR NORTH
MADURAI
TRICHY
SRIPERUMBUDUR
NEYVELI
CHINAKAMPALLYDAVANAGERE
RAMAGUNDAM
PONDY
SOMANAHALLI
P
N
PALLOM
KAYANKULAM
RSCC (1)
CPCC (1)
SLDC (4)
SUB-LDC / SCC (14)
FIBRE OPTIC LINK 110/132kv FIBRE OPTIC LINK (220kv)FIBRE OPTIC LINK (400kv)FIBRE OPTIC LINK (SEB)
MICROWAVE LINK (35 links)
SATELLITE LINK (KEB)RTU LOCATIONS (201)
WARANGAL
PEDAPALLIDURSHED
JAMMIKUNTA
VTPS
VIZAG SWS
KAKINADA
BOMMUR
BHIMADOLE
N’SAGAR PH
SRISAILAM PH
SRISAILAM LBPHKURNOOL
SOMAYAJULAPALLI
MUDDANOOR RTPP
ANANTHAPUR
SHAPURNAGAR
GHANAPUR
CH.GUTTA
HYDERABAD 400
LEGEND LEGEND
CHALAKUDI
KALAMASSERY
VIAKKAM
KUNDRA PARIPALLI
TRIVANDRUM NORTHVYDYUTHI BHAVANAM
KOZHIKODE
KANNUR-B
MADURAI400
CHENNAI
CHIDAMBARA M
MYLADUTURAI
SALEM230
ERODE
SIVAGANGA
KARAIKUDI
THIRUMAYAMPUDUKOTTAI
THIRUVARURORTHANADU
KOVIL VENNI
ADANIKOTTAI
INGUR
PONGALORE
PANRUTI
VILLIANUR
SP.KOVIL
BANGALORE
KUMBALGODI
HUBLI
APSEB
RTU’S
82
TNEB
RTU’S
40
KSEB
RTU’S
30
KEB
RTU’S
22
PONDY
RTU’S
05
CENTRAL
SECTOR RTU’S
22
Lingasugur
WRLDC Borivalli Vav Haldarwa JambuvaGotriSLDC Asoj
Itarsi
IndoreSub-LDC
ItarsiV’chalKorba STPP
RaipurBhilai-400(SLDC)
Jabalpur-400
Asoj
WRTCC
Indore
Dhule
VindhyanchalChandrapurPhadge
Kal
wa
Tarapur 1&2
Itarsi-220
Bina-400 Bho
pal-4
00S
ub-L
DC
Sat
na-2
20
Kat
ni-2
20
Jaba
lpur
-220
SLDC-Jabalpur
Korba-West
Korba-East
Kalwa
Kawas
Rajgarh
Khandwa
Sipat
Raigarh
Bhatapara
Seoni
Bhilai-220
Vadodara POP
Gandhar
Kakrapar
Dehgam
Tarapur 3&4
Phadge
Bhadrawati
Satna
Bina
Gwalior
VapiBoiser
LEGENDSGreen - ULDC Wideband LinkBLUE - PDT Link
Black - PLCC Link
Main Data PLCC Channel
St. By Data PLCC Channel
Both Main and Std. By Data PLCC Channel
Haldarwa Jambuva Asoj
62 Nos. PLCC Equipment109 Nos. Wideband ULDC Eqpt
MPSEB Sector
CSEB Sector
CSEB Sector
GEB Sector
WR-SC&C Communication system
ILA-387
ILA-174
ILA-311
ILA-194ILA-362 ILA-702ILA-368
KR-13RaipurB’Vati
SEB’s Wideband Equipment and OFC
OPGWU/G – OFC
SLDC GOA
Leased Link
PondaMapusa
Sembatti
Madurai 400
Trichy 400
Paramakudi Samayapuram Madurai North
Kodayar PH2
MaduraiSub LDC
Karaikudi
Tanjore 230
S R PudurPariyar PH
Theni KayatharE
Sathur
TTPS
PodukottaC
Echengodu
Adanakottai
Peramballur
Kovilvenni
Pugalur
Thiruvarur
Tuticorin Auto
Trichy 230
Chennai Sub-LDC
(NLC TS-I)
Erode Sub-LDC(Erode)
Wideband Channel Routing for Madurai Sub-LDC
OrthonaduSivagangai
Existing RTU – 9 nos.
Existing RTU integrated
New RTUs – 13 nos.
PLCC Link
MW Link
ChalakudyT. NorthKozhikode -BKannur-B
Kalamassery
PallomKayamkulamKundraParipallyTrivendrumNorth
VidyuthiBhavanam
RSCC,Bangalore (Udumalpet)
Wideband Routing from Sub-LDC to SLDC,(Kalamassery)COMMUNICATION NETWORK FOR KERALA
MW Link
FO Link