Commodity exports and imports of the State of Arizona

Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic)

Authors Lovic-Johansen, Paul, 1922-

Publisher The University of Arizona.

Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this materialis made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona.Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such aspublic display or performance) of protected items is prohibitedexcept with permission of the author.

Download date 30/08/2021 13:58:19

Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/553765

COMMODITY EXPORTS AND IMPORTSOF THE STATE OF ARIZONA

by

P au l L o v ic-J o h a n senn

A T h e s is

su b m itted to th e f a c u l t y o f th e

Departm ent o f B u s in e ss A d m in is tr a tio n

in p a r t ia l f u l f i l l m e n t o f th e req u irem en ts fo r th e d eg ree o f

MASTER OF SCIENCE

in th e G raduate C o lle g e , U n iv e r s i ty o f A rizona

1949

A pproved:

’/ & vd -li/o sl si&p&d

i z i z l a b k saorri/lT^’

</2-

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter jj'i'.o:.-; Page

I . INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . ' . . . .

I I . MINING. . . . . . ____. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

I l l . AGRICULTURAL' PRODUCTS AND * LIVESTOCK

IV . FOREST PRODUCTS- ..... . . ............ ................ .

V. MANUFACTURES AND MISCELLANEOUS .' .' ..

V I. TRADE TOTH MEXICO . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . .

V II . CONCLUSION......................... ...................... ..

bibliography . : : . ; . : ; ; ; . . . ; . . . .

1

1018

31

35

40

45

48

2 8 6 5 3 0

)> 4

11

Number

LIST OF TABLES

I . EXPORT OF MINERALS FROM ARIZONA . . . . . . v. . . . . . 1 ?

I I . ARIZONA EXPORTS OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS ANDLIVESTOCK ................. .......................................... 25

I I I . ARIZONA EXPORTS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAND LIVESTOCK, 1 9 4 8 , BY METHOD OF ;TRANSPORTATION........................ 2?

IV . ARIZONA PRODUCTION AND EXPORT OF AGRICULTURAL^ PRODUCTS-AND LIVESTOCK, 1948 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8

; Vv ARIZONA EXPORTS AND ‘IMPORTS OF AGRICULTURAL '•PRODUCTS AND LIVESTOCK, 1948 ...................... .... 29

V I. ARIZONA IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF FOREST: PRODUCTS, 1948 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

V I I . ' MAJOR EXPORTS OF;ARIZONA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

V I I I . :MAJOR IMPORTS OF ARIZONA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

IX . INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN COMMERCE OF ARIZONA . . 39

X. TRADE WITH MEXICO ................. 41

X I. ARIZONA EXPORTS AND IMPORTS, 1948 . . . . . . . . . . . 42

i l l

•v-'.' w-L ;

v, "/'.i t;h t\ c-c..-::; • ■ ■ ov .1CHAPTER I

i"/.v r uV;X'i: o v: ;• \ j . (- i <( : ... " X.J , , t-h :: ''i t-v;

:u INTRODUCTION „ :

" ' ".ic rxr !■: ; lJ. :x \.' 1 •.'x: v.x-. ..--v.-v ix cr ' -The r e l a t i v e l y h ig h l i v i n g sta n d a rd s o f th e U n ited

S t a t e s a r e due in no sm a ll d eg ree t o th e v a s t e x te n t o f th e' ■ - _ ' 'r-' ; .L • * • ;• v j

f r e e tr a d e area w hich th e s t a t e s c o n s t i t u t e . Consumption"X: :XX : 1 :: i v r c f-U'j:'v- o . ‘ 'cl::- VxiU-oc 3 tX' v 0

l e v e l s and volum e o f tr a d e v a ry c o n s id e r a b ly among n a t io n s .i " 3: ,:x j ' . i ; ..:rx -v. , :jx 3 v •; v ' :L'x3:. .‘..li. v ; . .x.:- ;.?I x . c

C o u n tr ie s w hich c a rr y on a la r g e volume o f f o r e ig n and i n t e r -■: - u x . v V , • : 1 : . c : ' 1"* 3 " ; ■ - x x - x h x ; - . x x x - .

r e g io n a l tr a d e u s u a l ly can e n jo y more com forts and lu x u r ie s .lo : .x : : : .o ucn o r v..,-: i.; nx 1 % r ^30 ; . r.; • l x . . ' x n l v

The ca se o f th e U n ited S t a t e s s t r e s s e s an im p ortan t q u a l i -X'U: : - f. 3 3.1:x p;i;.-.■•••: 3 ‘ m i r x • Luo c 3 u - o u v - u -

f l o a t i o n to th e g e n e r a l r u le . N a tio n s which a re la r g e■3" ':X:3 , V'OL > - v x ;• ou llUX u o ,

g e o g r a p h ic a l ly , a s in th e c a s e o f th e U n ited S t a t e s , a r ei ' i x 'X . : L:uu;u; UTIO1.: L'-\u ' . u L o u u. u lu;‘ - vX„-

a b le t o p r a c t ic e in t e n s e g e o g r a p h ic a l s p e c i a l i z a t i o n w ith -U: t,X;. OOU.Ld :.UL LOol ' LI U TLi/CU,. ; CU-'LXO C:‘ UL1/ 3 ~

in t h e i r own b o u n d a r ie s . The econom ic b a s i s fo r a l l tr a d es UL'i' L u ■ a .. v;- 3 - o.. ov l"..-... 3 o r 3 :'--o i u h u u u ' i t v<'Lo..d

i s s p e c i a l i z a t i o n , whereby one group o f p e o p le or a r e g io nt o ■: • .u c l I'oUjuU. ■ < ■ i r - u a r r i c L . u r . c t , u;.u t h e n o i ; . o'.- V.

p rodu ces or has a v a i la b le a su r p lu s o f a c e r t a in produ ct.LL-XVi 3 : - Loo- -li L:: o 'XLUiu, T:;-o ' x X : . r u • u.'(or p r o d u c ts ) but l i t t l e or none o f o th e r p r o d u c ts . T h isv.U'"o:;: OX'LL u .XULUO x..v ■•■•■ulv 0 o (.•■• 0 .L’ 0; . ^UO . .

su r p lu s i s exchanged w ith o th e r groups or r e g io n s hav in gi ’ti. o l o u t :.o; uuo L . r .ULti-LUior u t u t o o o r r^ o*,LUX. : ox;-a su r p lu s o f o th e r p r o d u c ts .’"■-.xx, r r x u x i x x ; - :iovoxx-;r:> o r r .. o uxo-or! i . i l o r r ; : u r l x c ,xo . ’

B ou nd aries have no com m ercial or f i n a n c i a l im portance: L x ' r :l UTvX.: ; X XUX. O U 3:^x...0L LX.: X 5.110 l .XI: OX” XL ' l o t XL

in th e m se lv e s , b u t are o n ly m a te r ia l t o econom ic l i f e■ - u,-;Xl; l i-uo 5.x t t u : : x o x o r o - ' - 'oj - " u *,■ x ix x . ci' t h o

b ecau se o f governm ental r e g u la t io n s . The U n ite d S t a t e si x : o x i 3 c , u l o x .oL.ro - .com prise a huge f r e e m arket f o r goods and s e r v ic e s produced

T ' x x x x o -x .x , X.--. ; - xx: - o.-x'-xX' 3. 3 x o r x : : - 5 :0;=in th e c o u n tr y . R e s t r ic t io n s on th e f lo w o f i n t e r s t a t e

2

commerce are aimed a t i l l e g a l and d e tr im e n ta l trad® p r# e^

t l o e s , r a th e r t h in c r e a t in g tra d e b a r r ie r s among- th e

s t a t e s ; ' W ith a ooh sidejp ab le d egree o f a ccu ra c y i t can be

s a i d , i"or th e purpose o f t h i s d is c u s s io n ; t h a t th e D h lted

S t a t e s ’ c o n s t i t u t e 'rah e c o n o m ic a lly f r e e tr a d e a r e a . I t

sh ou ld be k ep t in m ind," h ow ever , th a t r e s t r i c t i o n s on th e

f lo w o f goods and s e r v ic e s i n i n t e r s t a t e commerce- are In ­

c r e a s in g and0 expanding^ " L::

1 The g r e a t ly - d i v e r s i f i e d e o M o i^ o f t h * ' t o i t e d S t a t e s

i s d i r e e t ly - bound1 up" w ith th e p h y s ic a l environm ent o f th e :

cou n try ; ’S o i l , e lim a teV : and”r e s o u r c e s -a r e d eterm in in g f a c ­

t o r s in the u s e - o f - t h e la n d . The econom ic r e la t io n s h ip b e ­

tw een men and h is p h y s le a l i environment*1 I s tb o O ften o v er* -

lo o k e d , y e t - i t i n f lUehc'es th e c o s t s a 6 d l# a y s o f l i v i n g .

0 L i t t l e im a g in a tio n ' i s r e q u ir e d t o c o n c e iv e 1 o f the-li'aV -1

ir if i c e s ' t h a t would attend** an - extrem e d eg ree o f s e l f - 1 *

s u f f i c i e h c y .1: TOry few ' O f1 th e- forty^-e ig h t O ta te s3 w u l d be

a b le t o a t t a in ' oom p lete s e l f - s u fT io lO a c y , - a M - t ^ h ’o n ly w ith

great drops' i n th e p la n e - o f - l i v i n g . -:t ite ’ a d v a n ta g es - o f f r e e

tr a d e among th e - s t a t e s can h a r d ly - be o v erv a lu ed ; how ever’,"

t h i s i s h ot t o ' s a y th a t p a r t ic u la r s t a t e s Or r e g io n s must

rem ain p r im a r ily s u p p l ie r s o f raw m a te r ia ls or t h a t in su ch

r e g io n s , a g r e a te r d eg ree o f in d u s t r i a l i z a t i o n would n o t bev u ; - . '■ ~c -n i ■; o*;v c-i t; r, Lnit, c-a

b e h e f io ia l t o th e economy o f th e r e g io n and th a t o f th e

U n ited S t a t e s in:’ g e n e r a l.: - - • ’ ' r i’or t o both I n ta r -i-133'-' ■■r:r fex'-o. ro v o .-r - ,

The i n t e r s t a t e and fo r e ig n movement o f com m odities- 'r v»lnh o v a i * ■: , Xu v 'X' o , o b c

■■ O :: . - X vXxX'OL: ,

3

1in to and; ou t o f a s t a t e r e f l e e t s th e la p o p ta n t in d u s t r ie s

o f th e s t a t e a s w e l l a s i t s I n d u s t r ia l d e f i e i e n e i e s . -Some

a r e a s are h ig h ly in d u s t r ia l i z e d , in :w h ic h .e a s e m anu factu res2

accou nt f o r a g r e a te r p a r t o f th e e x p o r ts , w h ile o th e r

a r ea s are s t r i c t l y a g r ic u l t u r a l w ith If a m and ranch prdd-i

n e ts com p osin g . th e ,e x p o r ts . : The t o t a l movement o f goods ^

and s e r v ic e s t o and from a s t a t e . i n d i c a t e s ;t o some e x te n t

th e d e g r e e -t o w h ich cth e s t a t e i s i n d u s t r i a l l y ' d i v e r s i f i e d ,

th e l i n e s in w hich i t s economy i s p a r t i c u la r ly v u ln e r a b le

to : f lu c t u a t io n s in demand; and c o m p e t it io n , and th e d i r e c t io n -

in vdiich grow th i s p a r t i c u la r ly d e s ir a b le . 1 . : .

In .th e sp ace o f a s in g le t g e n e r a t io n , A rizon a h a s been

tran sform ed from a f r o n t i e r eOWomyr t o a b u s t l in g p r o to ­

ty p e o f t w e n t ie t h c e n tu r y :p r o g r e s s ; A rizon a c lim a te and3

th e lo c a t io n o f th e S ta t e ; ' ; . in ; t h e 1 p a th o f w e s t w f d ex p a n s io n

and p r o g r e ss opened u n lim ite d p o s s i b i l i t i e s fo r grow th;

W ith t h i s r e c e n t change in p a c e , A rizona h as ’.turned -r :•

from a 90 p er cen t a g r ic u l t u r a l e«>riomy t o rone w hich i s be­

g in n in g t o show p o t e n t i a l i t i e s o f a modern, w e ll-r o u n d e d " '

economy. New and e x t e n d i , t r a n s p o r ta t io n f a c i l i t i e s ; c l i ­

m ate, and th e v a s t la n d a rea are im p ortan t f a c t o r s in t h i s

change. .:: jor..:

T . "State*’ h ere i s used to mean one o f th e U n ited S t a t e s ."...... ............ ' ...... ' ' *- ' r- : : ..

2 . ’’E xp ort” and "import" h ere r e f e r t o both in t e r ­s t a t e and fo r e ig n commerce.

- 3 . . ’’S t a t e ” w ith a c a p i t a l ”3 " i s used to in d ic a t e th es t a t e o f A r izo n a .

4

1 ; A lth oagh la n d and r@ so«r©es are p l e n t i f u l , th e 3 e : are

t o some e x te n t s t ill-m n d e ir e ld p e d and m w e d , -and th e S ta te

has n o t d e v e lo p e d . com parable I n d u s t r ia l p la n t s and' equipment

In r e l a t i o n to I t s r e s o u r e e s ; A eute. w a te r :p o v e r ty and In ­

adequate r e s e r v e s p e r i l th e eeenomy in e e r ta lm . p a r ts ' e f th e

S t a t e . . D e c l in in g w ater l e v e l s and in c r e a s in g s a l t : c o n te n t

p o s t a . s e r io u s t h r e a t t o perm anent. i r r i g a t i o n , and la r g e

e x p e n d itu r e s a re n e c e s s a r y t o d e v e lo p r e q u ir e d w a terrsu p - 1

p l i e s ; A r izo n a , t h e r e f o r e , i s ah im p o r ter co f numerous ch-

com m od ities, among w hich p ro d u cts o f h e a v y : in d u s tr y -a n d :prod­

u c ts r e ly in g upon s k i l l e d c ra ftsm a n sh ip rank h ig h . or o .

. A rizon a co m m o d itie s , c h i e f l y p ro d u cts o f m ines and

a g r ic u l t u r e , a r e sh ip p ed t e ] o t h e r : s t a t e s in iam ou n ts e s t i ­

mated t o eq u a l a lm o st h a l f : th e v a lu e .-of goods, and: s e r v ic e s -2

produced in th e S t a t e . R oughly m atching th e v a lu e o f t h i s

f lo w are th e com m odities brought in t o th e S ta te to m eet

n eed s n o t covered by th e p r o d u ctio n o f A r izo n a v i S ince:m any

o f th e co m a o d itie s {produced in th e: S ta te r w o u ld :n o t: b e :w orth

n e a r ly so ’much i f ;t h e i r - s a l e :and d i s t r ib u t io n w ere c o n fin e d

t o m arkets w ith in th e ! S ta te j t h i s commerce a d d s -c o n s id e r ­

a b ly t o , th e v a lu e o f th e S t a t e ’s p r o d u ctio n and g iv e s em­

ploym ent and added income t o i i t s v p e o p le ; : F o r e ig n :a n d .in t e r ­

s t a t e .m arketing o f A rizon a p ro d u cts a l s o :p erm its:co n su m p tio n

:;V- - 2 ' " • •; '" v: ! r cv,: r r i r crrr-x,;!IT H arold S ch w alen , The A rizon a D a ily S t a r . Septem ber

. 1 0 , . 1 9 4 9 » - p* -7 e . ..-TJ r:;.--

c : 2 . rp .T alley N a t io n a l Bank, A rizon a S t a t i s t i c a l R eview(P hoen ix: V a lle y N a tio n a l Bank, 1 9 4 8 ) , pp . 1 8 - 2 6 .

5

o f a w ide, v a r ie t y o f goods and s e r v i c e s , many o f w hich can

be ob ta in ed * o n ly th ro u g h tr a d e w ith o th e r s t a t e s and w ith

fo r e ig n c o u n t r i e s . , / to ov• ■ " -o.; f ■. -

• The s p e c i a l i z a t i o n w hich le a d s A rizon a t o p rM u ee. a

su r p lu s ; o f ;a g r ic u l t u r a l p ro d u cts such a s f r u i t s and v e g e ­

t a b le s , l i v e s t o c k , cotton, and o th e r c r o p s , m in e r a ls su ch a s

copper, g o ld , s i l v e r , le a d , z in c and v a r io u s n o n -m e ta l l ie s .

i s t i e d in d i r e c t l y w ith th e s o i l and the; com p arative a&i-

v a n ta g e s o f th e s e f i e l d s in r e l a t io n to o th e r a r e a s . Tech­

n o lo g ic a l c o n d it io n s fo r th e r a i s in g o f c a t t l e and grow ing

o f crop s r e q u ir e m u ch .la n d •w ith r e l a t i v e l y l i t t l e la b o r and

in v e s tm e n t. v- < r: i.v' /

v. - : T h e lo c a t io n o f m in era l d e p o s i t s in A rizona: h as g iv e n

r i s e t o a s u b s t a n t ia l m in ing in d u s tr y , d e s p i t e the: r e l a t i v e

d isa d v a n ta g esr o f ; d i s t a n t . m arkets and e x p e n s iv e r a i l t r a n s ­

p o r ta t io n . ; i t r ; : . : . : :

v,.. • A lthough th e a g g r e g a te v a liM . o f m an u factu rin g produc­

t i o n in t h e - S t a t e : ( e x c lu d i n g :sm e lte r o p e r a tio n s and war :

c o n tr a c t s ) has in c r e a se d from $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 in ;1 9 4 0 to more :-

than $ 1 2 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 in 2 l9 £ 8 w ith :a n employment in c r e a s e from

about 8 ,0 0 0 t o • o v e r .1 0 5 ,0 0 0 , d a t a ’. in d ic a t e i t h a t o u t p u t ;o f

m ining and a g r ic u ltu r e -h a v e in c r e a se d p r o p o r t io n a te ly . The

m ining in d u s tr y "h a s em p loyed :1 2 ,0 0 0 :to 1 3 ,0 0 0 w orkers over

th e p a s t e ig h t - y e a r s , w h ile ou tp u t h as in c r e a s e d from

$ 9 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 : i n :1940 to a b o u t .# 2 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 i n : 1 9 4 8 . A g r ic u l­

t u r a l employment h as r i s e n from about 3 2 ,0 0 0 in 1940 t o

8

a p p ro x im a te ly 6 5 ,0 0 0 in 194-8 w h ile oash inoom# from farm -

aridvranoh p rod tie tib n h a s ;in o r e a se d d u r i lg t h i s aame p e r io d *

from l e s s tM h | 6 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 to over # 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 . A S im ila r

in c r e a s e i s s e e n i n a l l - o t h e r - ph ases o f th e economy su ch a s

motor V e h ic le r e g i s t r a t i o n , t e le p h o n e ^ S e r v ic e ,O le e t r lc *

gas'an d w ater con n ect io n s y and in t h i- ih c b m e - -O f - th e 'S ta te ;

T h is t i e s - in w ith t h e - in c r e a s e Ofrp o p d ia t io n w h ic h 7 h a s - r i s e n

from"1 2 3 i 000 in lOOO-tb abou t $ 0 0 ,0 0 0 in 19AO-and'an; @ « ti-

mated 7 gOyOOO in :194,S} -" tv-* s. ■Jov and aavo-nJ

' T h e ‘p o p u la tio n -g r o w th has been p a r t ly com pensated-f@ r

by aa' e x p a n s ib h c in tp fo d u O tio n , a n d ta lso in im p o r ts1aM " ex­

p o r ts . The r a t i o o f : im p o r t s - and e x p o r ts h a s : rem ained f a i r l y

s t a b le , but-m ore p ro d u cts Wive C been made A v a ila b le f o r ex^

p o r t 'w h i le r;added -impOrtsf have a l s o ’b e e n ’ a :-fa c tb r in -exp an d ed

in t e r n a l b u sin ess" volum e *r - . - i:xu u • Ui- • z l rc ■ 7 ir. v. r .

' D e sp ite t h i s marked econom ic e x p a n s io n , th e S t a t e i s

f a r from b e in g a w e l l - d iv e r s i f i e d ^ m a t u r e econom y1 Enor­

mous amounts o f c a p i t a l would be r e q u ir e d ' t o lb u i ld a h ig h ly

in d u s tr ia l ' A rizb na’y a lth o u g h a con sid A rab ia degree- o f i d i v e r s i -

f ib a t id n , p a r t i c u la r ly i n l i g h t I n d u s tr ie s y;-ls in ' th e p rb - t

c e s s O f•d evelop m en t; A c o n t in u a tio n o f t h i s m)vement un-

doubt e d ly w o ii ld be -e c o n o m ic a lly ad van tageou s . In s e e k in g

t o a t t r a c t d ev e lo p m en ta l c a p i t a l ; A r iz o n a -n a tu r a lly en­

co u n ters th e c o m p e tit io n o f o th e r a r e a s , many o f w h ich are

co n sid er ed by p r o s p e c t iv e ' in v e s t o r s t o p o s s e s s in v e stm en t-

- - u-. 11; c i r." load or,1 . V a lle y N a t io n a l Bank, op , c i t . , p . 3 . •

- : .>* d v ' •. t C t . vi* ' ... « -:: ri 1 ? , ^ v l lU * ‘ v V.

7

o p p o r tu n it ie s su p e r io r t o , t h o s e e f th e Su n sh in e g t e t e . Im - ,

p ro v esen t in th e w ater s i t u a t i o n would remedy: much o f t h i s ,

and; th u s overcome many - o b s t a c le s t o th e deyelepap m t # f ; .n ::

adequate and d e s ir a b le f a e i l i t i e s . =. av- I : : ;

:(T r a n sp o r ta tio n s e r v ic e s are f a i r l y w e l l d ev e lo p ed in

A rizon a . The S an ta Fe and Sou th ern P a c i f i c R a ilr o a d s p r o -: cr, u " ■ i . O ‘,h '.:L r:0.; ‘Vv; . : :,0

v id e adequate s e r v ic e s firoa a l l p a r ts o f th e S t a t e t o a l l■' -• i i \ O O ; : n i - u ! v ub ; l h; : a i

f o c a l p o in t s o f th e n a t io n . The grow ing demand fo r a ira j t e c v ; ; a ' a " L : o f l a o ' o a v , l o o .

t r a n s p o r ta t io n i s a d e q u a te ly met by tw o m ajor and s e v e r a l‘"o <■ - f lo r a-' O ' : o-a. ioo -O -a -y r y v-.,, n f 'O'. 0

sm a lle r a i r l i n e s . Bus and tr u c k tr a n s p o r ta t io n a l s o seem s' " •.;'oor':.o O- ' 1 .'ioori.- . a a:. o.O l. .oal, o i'— o.. o '"or f? o- 1"

ad eq u ate . A lthou gh s u f f i c i e n t t o m eet th e n eed s o f th e--""o-a ooo/o ao"o ,oo:.o:oo: .o - oo o . lloo" a::': o o , v o l - - . < •

S t a t e , t r a n s p o r ta t io n s t i l l c a u se s a major problem t o th e: ':V • , -v : oon ooo oolvvo ■olr..lo.o rv- i o c c-'ov-lfoo-, l o o ol oro :v .o o

economy o f A r izo n a . H igh sh ip p in g c o s t s f o r raw m a te r ia ls' '' '■'■'•7 -7 -o cr i.o :o;.l ropooo:: rjoole'vo o' o'Aoo.ro.OuO oj o c o o l -and f in i s h e d p r o d u cts a r e f a c t o r s d e tr im e n ta l t o a t t r a c t in g■7: • ' 'OVOO O'i ' 0 70 ;r ';blo i o - v o l lo o le , 0 . . ' . 0 0 roc;- tlo-new in d u s t r ie s , and. a l s o may im pel in d u s t r ie s a lr e a d y in th e:'7 f :'"7 '.0:00 r 0.0000.1 ov O-'r -'OO-OO: o f OCO .Oo 1 0 OvO 'O O'o OOOo V-S ta te t o move t h e i r o p e r a t io n s e ls e w h e r e .:■ .o.:' o oy ov.bor^oooo-: i 'ooo :o.:7:oo.o:.L o or 1 -o loov l o o Jo fh o 1 oo

The l im i t e d m arket a v a i la b le l o c a l l y and in th e g e n -■" O'Or*■ obo vo v'-roO'.. oo" o;:: : oooo:,: r^oooi.o'-to.;.': oo .oo:7 o-ooo.

e r a l a r ea o f th e Sou th w est i s an oth er o b s ta c le f o r many i n -; 7 : - " - i - o o h - r . i r e : ov: o . o .o ' o : :: , 'boo. o - l r . l - o ' . ’o .: ■ •: o o r b . . T od u s t r ie s lo c a t e d in A r izo n a . The p o p u la t io n and th e in d u s -

or-, :roo ■' .17 i o lo o ' -o o o o ; - . - o f o v To oroorri -ob. :.oo: .oro.-o o. o f ot r i a l i z a t i o n o f t h e S ou th w est are sm a lle r than f o r any o th e r

o c . f o;/ ..or r-'o .rool ; O" b’rob'. ..or .o oroo : oo . - . 7'o"0r1...r e g io n in th e n a t io n e x c e p t f o r th e N o rth w est. Major m ar-o:. o-.. i'-.7o.'ulrT:.ol f-,- ooooo-.rrooo-o' r-f ■Tooorb.o oro o ■: -k e ts f o r many p ro d u cts are d i s t a n t , and s t a t e s lo c a t e df- ■ f - ' -v . . 7:rc;:i ; hro-- oo* l o r o , * r 'r.c lo s e r t o la r g e m ark ets have a d i s t i n c t ad van tage over: '' •• , > - *- y; i

A rizo n a .o-ro. . . '77

7.':■ ro-- c.-Too .. or’ ;‘.rr;vr :r.b oor-r..:-77;7 o-> Irovo 7- ;o ooo ’ cTaxes on in d u s t r ie s c o n s t i t u t e th e im p ortan t o b s ta c le

b a rr in g new in d u s tr ie s : from th e S t a t e . T h e ta x lo a d onv.j_i.o.o::-r ; fc booo.'7 ,0 .0:7 7 7':7:7:7.V 7 : ;..7':777r'7T ;7:TT"'f: 7 —o,—: 0 .• _™uiy ty p e s 7b f m anu factu rin g in A rizon a i s more th a n d ou b le

8

1t h e ' mnount l a s s e s amd on th e same o p e r a t io n s in s t a t e s .

F u rth erm ore, -laany o th e r s t a t e s o f f e r d e f i n i t e ta x advan­

ta g e s -and n p e o ia l in d u c e m e n ts■t o new i n d u s t r i e s / f a o to n s - w h ich

are not* s t r e s s e d in t h i s S t a t e ’ s b id f o r a d i v e r s i f i e d - ~ c:

economy. o u r % ’r - ) r u i ■". »;•.«,> c i

vrcvi;: : n o t o?iAn e x p la n a t io n may be a p p r o p r ia te a t t h i s p o in t a s t o

1 ; ,r 'v;-: ; no " o r o tno.n. ;.ruUo;'..L.LOiin .th e methods used in co n d u ctin g t h i s s tu d y and th e d i f f i c u l -l:-•vovc:' „ vno ; n n;n: c o i - n u a o c n on a poroon?-?'t i e s en cou n tered i n th e c o m p ila t io n o f in fo r m a tio n .Von In r r: innii n^lnn onoo , no : r:;:; nnn p orcen ve-p a c.c

In ord er to determ ine th e amount and ty p e o f th eccvni".vo by non n-oironn Kivav.-ay b-.-nartrnn.L. f r u O : c a t r , f o r

S t a t e ' s e x p o r ts and im p o rts , s t a t i s t i c s from a v a r ie t y o fnyolo-!-io ir n :yr ,- y r e,y ic?..g.eso u rc es have been p ie c e d t o g e t h e r . U n fo r tu n a te ly ,, many ,de-

v:; V::-'-iur y.,:o:o a r e ur.ed, e x c e p t vf’tc re o tv nr n/nn*-s ir a b le d a ta are u n a v a ila b le or in c o m p le te . The c h a r a c te ra'\‘:n,v . ' n . l c e n o n , , from t r a d e , ocuon n:- vri.rfr.in U:.e b - v o r o ­

o f many im p orts and e x p o r ts s u b je c t th e e s t im a te s t o p o s s i -t f ■ v.nyr i r r l n-': ni’rn: „ o r e c a r e o f . c v-y ;yy;y.,y y ro u p ; ,b le e rr o r s o f c o n s id e r a b le m agn itu d e. E x p o rts from th e

'.. ■: '..Oyv r .rn:; ny - ' f nfnn^ ; . no v o , of V u r l o -V •" n iir -.f-iry .S ta te o f each commodity or group o f com m odities were d e t e r -

o f f , f n o o v o f ^ f f %f i f f v;ao o n f inow :o . l o r p o l y nr, i r o V n ; -,nmined by s u b tr a c t in g from sh ip m en ts o r ig in a t in g in th e S ta te•:V y r o -,0 f;.a a c c o u n tin g fc o cVc I f rye of corv r y e , v,*l Lb. vuo u i -

th e amount or v a lu e o f sh ipm en ts te r m in a tin g in A r iz o n a .f vf.; nor l o r o f hr r p r e d u o f f i n f ;;o y ro ip n .

U n le ss o th e r w ise in d ic a t e d , th e n e t f ig u r e s are u sed . Inf ' -nnilv r o f f r u a l f y n u o f f r i J f - I f f f i :rc;; OV, n o r o f f : ! t i-OVf

some s p e c i f i c in s t a n c e s , both th e e x p o r ts and im p orts o f th et f . .. orn c - - . fc;y; or i oc t o sh o rt to iis fo r th e ouxo v f ocu -same commodity or commodity group were in d ic a te d . Im portsf f y n - r r y '. yny y •.•.it]': . f f i c o ; ncxtXtleD p r o u u o t f Of r ho o f O f f

w ere c a lc u la te d by s u b tr a c t in g sh ipm en ts o r ig in a t in g iny o.;; t r o n e - s t a t e s h i y m v i t s , o V o r c o f f no a o n In L: v.: u.yt-i

th e S ta te from th o s e te r m in a tin g h e r e . A gain in some in -o n ■ 3 W .c ! r y a r u l c iy ; or i o n ;iy f :y„ n c r c - m v c . =jf so:, ;:•: n o u

s ta n c e s , b o th e x p o r ts and im p orts w ere in d ic a t e d . A llo w -o;: f v l r jfi or r h ; p r v n i s i s 1 f i cu v f r i , *; r a .if c m f •.- r-.;.-

an ces fo r r e -e x p o r t o f im ported com m odities have been madeVdof a ccu ra te , yy f o y-vf vurf fro nr-fo , y . d - : - o o r r y . y o

--u 1 . I n i t i a l 'Report^ o f : ‘th e G overnor ' A- iK d ust r l a l D e- velopm ent Committee (P h oen ix : Chamber o f Commerce, TuTy 1 5 , 1 ^4 9 ) , R eport Wo. 1 , pp. 1 - 3 .

9

where p o s s ib l e , but e r r o r s a r is in g from in a d eq u a te d a ta

should be ta k e n in t o c o n s id e r a t io n .

The l a t e s t a v a i la b le s t a t i s t i c s have been u sed . For

some com m od ities, th e s e are a s o f 1947 and in d ic a te d changes

have been a ccou n ted f o r a s f a r a s p o s s i b l e . S t a t i s t i c s on

tru ck sh ip m en ts a r e n ot a v a i la b le s in c e 1945- 4 6 . Data on

1948 tru ck sh ipm en ts p o s s ib ly a r e no more than i n d ic a t io n s .

However, th e 1948 f ig u r e s a re c a lc u la t e d on a p e r ce n ta g e

b a s is o f r a i l sh ip m en ts , u s in g th e 1945-46 p e r c e n ta g e s a s

com piled by th e A rizon a Highway D epartm ent. Truck d a ta fo r

a g r ic u ltu r e are as o f 1948 .

C alendar y e a rs are u sed , e x c e p t where o th e r w ise in d i ­

c a te d . P r ic e s are from tr a d e so u rc es w ith in th e S ta te ap ­

p l i e d t o p h y s ic a l volum e. In th e c a se o f commodity groups

in c lu d in g many d i f f e r e n t p r o d u c ts , o f t e n a t w id e ly d i f f e r i n g

p r ic e s , th e a v era g e p r ic e was e s t im a te d la r g e ly on th e b a s is

o f p rod u cts a c c o u n tin g fo r th e l a r g e s t to n n a g e , w ith due a l ­

low ance fo r o th e r p ro d u cts in th e grou p .

Com m odities u s u a l ly quoted in m easures o th er th a n s h o r t

to n s are h ere co n v erted t o sh o rt to n s fo r th e sake o f com­

p a r is o n . Trade w ith M exico in c lu d e s p ro d u cts o f th e S t a t e

and t r a n s - s t a t e sh ip m en ts , a s th e r e are no a v a i la b le d a ta

on th e S t a t e ' s p a r t i c ip a t io n i n th e movement. D e s t in a t io n

or o r ig in o f sh ip m en ts i s in d ic a te d , where i t can be d e­

c id ed a c c u r a te ly . No a ttem p t has been made to d eterm in e

u lt im a te d e s t in a t io n , a s t h i s app ears u n im p ortan t.

CHAPTER II

MINING

For many y e a r s A rizon a h as le d a l l th e s t a t e s in th e

t o t a l p ro d u ctio n v a lu e o f n o n -fe r r o u s m e ta ls , and t h i s p o s i -1

•tio n was m a in ta in ed a g a in in 1% 8 . M ining o f a l l ore

reach ed a r eco rd ou tp u t o f a lm o st 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 to n s a s com­

pared w ith 3 8 , 6 0 0 ,0 0 0 in 1 9 4 7 ♦ The combined v a lu e o f th e

f i v e n o n -fe r r o u s m e ta ls (co p p er , g o ld , s i l v e r , le a d , z in c )2was more th an $ 1 9 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 . The v a lu e o f n o n -m e ta l l ic and

m isc e lla n e o u s m e t a l l i c m in e r a ls was e s t im a te d t o be about

$ 2 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 w hich b r in g s th e t o t a l t o an im p r e ss iv e3

$ 2 2 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 . T h is i s an in c r e a s e o f two and o n e -h a lf

t im e s over th e 1940 v a lu e and 7 per c e n t more than in 1947•

A p p roxim ately 85 p er c e n t o f th e t o t a l ore p r o d u ctio n

was t r e a te d a t tw e n ty -e ig h t c o n c e n tr a t io n p la n t s , 9 per

cen t a t tw o le a c h in g p la n t s , 2 per c e n t was sh ip p ed in crude

form , and th e rem ainder t r e a t e d a t v a r io u s c y a n id a t io n and

am algam ation p la n t s in th e S t a t e . A l l th e m in e r a ls are

IT Departm ent o f M in era l R e so u rc es , Annual R eport (Phoenix:. D ep t, o f M in era l R e so u r c e s , June 1 9 4 9 ) , p . 8 .

2 . O f. p . 5 , a n t e .

3 . Departm ent o f M in eral R e so u r c e s , op. c i t . , p. 8 .

11

sh ip p ed in i n t e r s t a t e commerce a f t e r b e in g t r e a te d a s i n d i - 1

ca ted a b o v e .

The S t a t e i s n e t im p orter o f s e v e r a l p ro d u cts o f m in es .

Among t h e s e p ro d u cts a s p h a lt , b itu m in ou s c o a l , and su lp h u r

rank h ig h e s t . Heavy in d u s t r ie s a r e a lm o st a b sen t in th e

S t a t e , so th e demand f o r th e s e and o th e r p ro d u cts o f m ines

i s s l i g h t .

N o n -fer ro u s m e ta ls , n o n -m e ta ll1c m in e r a ls , and m is c e l ­

la n e o u s m e t a l l ic m in e r a ls are by fa r th e m ost im portant

exp ort o f th e S t a t e , c o n s t i t u t in g a lm o st 97 p er c en t o f

th e t o t a l p h y s ic a l volume o f a l l e x p o r ts and 47 per c e n t o f

t h e i r t o t a l v a lu e .

Copper

The v a lu e o f copper p ro d u ctio n in A rizon a in 1948

amounted t o $ 1 6 2 ,9 3 6 ,0 0 0 or about 75 per c e n t o f th e t o t a l

v a lu e o f m in e r a ls . The p h y s ic a l amount was 3 8 , 9 7 0 ,0 0 0 to n s

or 9 7 .5 per cen t o f th e t o t a l w e ig h t o f m in era l p r o d u c t io n .

A r iz o n a ’ s ou tp u t o f copper was th e l a r g e s t in th e n a t io n ,

showing an in c r e a s e o f 1 .6 per cen t over 1947 and ab ou t th e2

same a s th e peak war p r o d u ctio n reach ed i n 1 9 4 3 • The p r ic e

o f copper rem ained h ig h th rou gh ou t 1 9 4 8 , a t around tw e n ty -

th r e e c e n ts p er pound. The 1949 p r ic e o f about e ig h te e n

H Departm ent o f M in era l R e so u r c e s , o p . p i t . , p . 1 0 .

2 . U n ite d S t a t e s Bureau o f M in es, M in era ls Yearbook (W ashington, D . C . : G ovt. P r in t in g O ffice" J u ly 1 9 4 8 ) , p . 1 3 02 .

12

c e n ts per pound w i l l in e v i t a b ly a f f e c t o p e r a t io n s and f o r c e

c u r ta ilm e n t or c lo s in g o f m a rg in a l p r o d u c e r s . A fo u r -c e n t

t a r i f f i s sou gh t by th e in d u s tr y , w hich seem s in c o n s is t e n t

w ith th e d e c is io n s o f th e Geneva C on feren ce in 1947 spon­

sored by th e U n ited S t a t e s , where th e maximum was s e t a t

two c e n t s .

Most o f th e copper ore was t r e a te d by f l o t a t i o n a t or

v ery near th e mine o f o r ig in , and th e r e s u l t in g c o n c e n tr a te s

were sh ip p ed e lse w h e r e fo r s m e lt in g . Some copper o r es w ere

d ir e c t - s m e lt e d e i t h e r becau se o f t h e i r h ig h -g ra d e ore con­

t e n t or b ecau se o f t h e i r f lu x in g q u a l i t i e s . About 85 per

c en t o f th e produced copper ore was t r e a te d a t c o n c e n tr a -1

t i o n p la n t s lo c a t e d in th e S t a t e . The e n t ir e p ro d u ctio n

o f copper ore e n te r s i n t e r s t a t e commerce, o f w h ich l e s s than

1 per cen t i s ex p o r te d by t r u c k .

Lead

P h y s ic a l volume o f le a d mined in th e S ta te in 1948

su rp a ssed th a t o f any p r e v io u s y e a r . The outp ut amounted t o

5 8 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 pounds v a lu e d a t more th an $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 w ith th e 2p r ic e r e a c h in g an a l l - t i m e h ig h o f 21 1 /2 c e n ts per poundo

The t o t a l v a lu e was 25 per cen t g r e a te r than th e p r e v io u s

TT In te r v ie w w ith C h a rles H. D unning, D ir e c to r , De­partm ent o f M in era l R e so u r c e s , S ta t e o f A r izo n a .

2 . Departm ent o f M in era l R e so u r c e s , o p . e f t . , p. 1 1 .

13

h ig h o f 1 9 4 7 • The 1949 p r ic e o f le a d has dropped r a p id ly

and c o n t in u a l ly t o about f i f t e e n c e n ts per pound. T hese

s u c c e s s iv e drops w i l l have t h e ir in e v i t a b le e f f e c t on th e

o u tp u t, which p ro b a b ly w i l l show a sharp d e c l i n e .

There are no le a d s m e lte r s in th e S t a t e ; a l l th e le a d

c o n c e n tr a te s are sh ip p ed t o s m e lte r s lo c a t e d a t E l P a so ,1

T ex a s.

Z inc

Z inc p r o d u c tio n f o r 1949 p ro b a b ly w i l l be c o n s id e r a b ly

l e s s th a n in 1 9 4 8 . The 1948 p r ic e o f up t o 17 1 /2 c e n ts

per pound r e s u l t e d in r ec o rd p ro d u ctio n v a lu e . In 1949 th e

p r ic e o f around t e n c e n ts per pound l e f t th e p rod u cers l i t t l e

i f any m argin , and many may be fo r c e d t o c l o s e .

About 1 0 7 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 pounds o f z in c v a lu ed a t $ 1 4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

were produced in 1 9 4 8 . The p h y s ic a l volume was l e s s than

f o r 1947 but th e h ig h e r p r ic e r e s u l t e d in reco rd p r o d u ctio n

v a lu e .

Z inc s m e lte r s are a b se n t in A r izo n a . A l l th e z in c con­

c e n tr a te s are sh ip p ed t o s m e lte r s lo c a t e d a t A m a rillo and

Dumas, T exas; B a r t l e s v i l l e , Oklahoma; F o r t S m ith , A rk an sas;2

and G reat F a l l s , M ontana.

TZ Departm ent o f M in era l R e so u r c e s , o p . o f t . , p . 1 3 .

2 . U .S . Bureau o f M in es, o p . c i t . , p. 1 3 0 4 .

14

Gold

Only two or th r e e m ines in A rizon a produce g o ld or

s i l v e r a lo n e . Most o f th e g o ld produced i s a b y -p ro d u ct o f

copper ore and z in c - le a d o r e . Gold ou tp u t in 1948 o f

1 0 7 ,0 0 0 f in e ou n ces was th e la r g e s t s in c e 1944 , w hich t i e s

in w ith th e q u a n t ity in c r e a s e o f cop p er, le a d , and z in c .

About 80 p er cen t o f th e S t a t e ’ s g o ld ou tp u t was rec o v er ed

from copper o r e , 13 l / 2 p er cen t from z in c - le a d o r e , and 5

p er cen t from s i l i c e o u s ore w ith th e rem ainder from le a d o r e .

The S t a t e ’ s g o ld ou tp u t was exp orted in i t s e n t i r e t y ,2v a lu ed a t $ 3 ,7 0 0 ,0 0 0 .

S i lv e r

The 1948 ou tp u t o f s i l v e r amounted t o 4 , 7 2 0 ,0 0 0 f i n e

o u n ces , w hich was th e l a r g e s t s in c e 1 9 4 3 . Of t h i s , 92 per

cen t i s r e c o v e r e d from copper ore and le a d - z in c o r e , th e

rem ainder from s i l i c e o u s o r e , le a d o r e , z in c -c o p p e r o r e ,

and z in c o r e . The v a lu e o f th e t o t a l ou tp u t amounts t o

about $ 4 ,2 0 0 ,0 0 0 and th e e n t i r e ou tp u t i s e x p o r te d . ^

M isc e lla n e o u s

M isc e lla n e o u s m e t a l l i c s and n o n -m e ta ll ic m in e ra l p ro ­

d u c t io n amounts t o 1 1 .6 p er c e n t o f th e v a lu e o f t o t a l

Tl tr.s. bureau o f M in es, op . c i t . , p . 1 2 9 9 .

2 . Loo, c i t .

3 . Departm ent o f M in era l R e so u r c e s , o p . c i t . * p. 1 0 .

15

m in era l p r o d u ctio n in A r izo n a . The a c t i v i t i e s have been

c o n c en tr a ted in o p e r a t io n o f non -xaeta llies such a s a s b e s t o s ,

c la y , l im e , m arb le , f e ld s p a r , and f lu o r s p a r . B e n to n ite

c la y w orth abou t $ 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 i s sh ip p ed t o o i l r e f i n e r i e s in1

o th e r s t a t e s f o r f i l t e r i n g p u r p o se s . Sh ipm ents o f a s b e s to s2

in 1947 amounted t o 1 ,5 0 0 to n s v a lu e d a t $ 7 5 , 0 0 0 . Opera­

t io n s in t h i s f i e l d have in c r e a s e d g r e a t ly r e c e n t l y , but

p ro d u ctio n f ig u r e s are not a v a i la b le .

There has been l i t t l e a c t i v i t y in th e m in ing o f such

m isc e lla n e o u s o r e s as m anganese, tu n g s te n , m ercury and q u ick ­

s i l v e r . The 1947 f ig u r e s show about $ 3 0 ,0 0 0 w orth o f

tu n g s te n m ined. I n t e r e s t in m anganese p r o p e r t ie s h a s in ­

cre a sed l a t e l y , p o s s ib ly b ecau se o f th r e a t s from R u ss ia t o

cu t o f f e x p o r ts t o t h i s c o u n tr y .

Keen f o r e ig n c o m p e tit io n h as v i r t u a l l y c lo s e d e v e r y mer­

cury m ine in th e S t a t e . Demand fo r tu n g s te n c o n c e n tr a te s ,

on th e o th e r hand, has r e c e n t ly in c r e a se d but adequ ate s t a -3

t i s t i c s are not y e t a v a i la b l e .

Uranium p ro d u ctio n in th e S t a t e i s c o n fin e d t o f i v e

m ines on th e N avajo In d ia n R e s e r v a t io n , e x c e p t f o r s c a t t e r e d

o ccu rren ces o f uranium in p e t r i f i e d wood. The d a i l y ou tp u t

o f th e m ines ru n s about 200 t o n s , a l l o f w hich i s pu rchased

I -! Departm ent o f M in era l R e so u r c e s , o p . p i t . , p. 1 7 .

2 . U .S . Bureau o f M in es, o p . c i t . , p . 1 3 03 .

3 . Departm ent o f M in eral R e so u r c e s , op . c i t . , p. 1 2 .

16

by th e Atomic E nergy Com m ission. There are no p r o c e s s in g

p la n ts in A r izo n a . Crude ore i s sh ip p ed to p la n ts lo c a te d

a t M o n t ic e llo , Utah; D urango, N a t u r i t a , and U ravan, C olorado .

The m in ing in d u s tr y a s a w hole com petes k e e n ly w ith

f o r e ig n p r o d u ce r s . In many in s t a n c e s , f o r e ig n - c o n t r o l l e d

c a r t e l s pose a s e r io u s th r e a t t o th e w e lfa r e and c o n tin u ed

o p e r a tio n o f A rizon a m in in g . F u rth erm ore, h ig h tr a n s p o r ta ­

t io n and r e f in in g c o s t s add t o th e problem . A p p a ren tly , a t

l e a s t u n t i l r e c e n t ly , th e volume has been i n s u f f i c i e n t t o

support l o c a l s m e l t e r s . Should th e volume in c r e a s e s u f f i ­

c i e n t l y t o su p p ort such s m e lte r s , i t co u ld r e l i e v e much o f

t h i s v u ln e r a b le c o n d it io n .

1

TABLE I1

EXPORT OF MINERALS FROM ARIZONA

P rod u ct A ctu a l v a lu eA c tu a l w e ig h t

( sh o r t t o n s )

Per c e n t o f

t o t a l v a lu e

P er c e n t o f

t o t a l w e ig h t

Copper $ 1 6 2 ,9 3 6 ,0 0 0 3 8 , 9 7 0 ,0 0 0 7 4 .1 5 9 7 .5 3

Zinc 1 4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 5 3 ,5 0 0 6 .3 6 .1 4

Lead 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 9 ,0 0 0 4 .5 5 .0 7

S i l v e r 4 ,2 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 4 7 .5 1 .9 0 **

Gold 3 ,7 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 .3 4 1 .6 8 ' **

M isc .* 2 5 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 9 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 1 .3 6 2 .2 6

T o ta l $ 2 1 9 ,8 3 6 ,0 0 0 3 9 , 9 6 2 ,6 5 1 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0

*E stim ate♦ ♦ N e g lig ib le

1 . U .S . Bureau o f M in es, op . c i t . , p . 1 3 0 2 . I n t e r s t a t e Commerce Com m ission, S ta tem en t No. 0,-550 (SC£3) , Bureau oTHFransport Econom ics and S t a t i s t i c s (W ashington, D . C . , June"T9 4 9 )e

CHAPTER I I I

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND LIVESTOCK

A rizon a a g r ic u ltu r e em ploys more w orkers th an any o th e r

in d u s tr y w ith in th e S t a t e . Employment in t h i s f i e l d has

more th a n dou bled in th e p a s t n in e y e a r s , and th e v a lu e o f

a g r ic u ltu r e in th e S t a t e ' s economy ranks h ig h . The 1940

cen su s shows th e r e were 1 9 ,0 0 0 farm s in A rizon a v a lu e d a t

$ 1 5 3 ,6 7 6 ,6 7 5 , y i e ld in g an incom e o f $ 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 and g iv in g

employment to 3 2 , 0 0 0 . T o ta l ca sh income from a g r ic u l t u r a l

p ro d u cts in 1948 amounted t o $ 2 1 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 or th r e e lan d :a h a l f

tim es th e r ep o r te d 1940 income and abou t th e same as income

from m in e ra l p ro d u cts f o r th e same y e a r . About t h r e e -

fo u r th s o f th e a g r ic u l t u r a l income i s d e r iv e d from produc­

t io n o f c o t to n , tr u c k c r o p s , b e e f c a t t l e , and d a ir y p r o d u c ts .

C otton a lo n e a cco u n ted fo r $ 5 9 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ; tru ck crop s fo r1

$ 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ; and b e e f c a t t l e f o r $ 4 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 .

A lthough A rizon a i s a g r e a t producer o f farm and ran ch

p r o d u c ts , p r a c t i c a l l y none o f th e s e item s a re p r o c e sse d

w ith in th e S t a t e . F re sh produce or raw m a te r ia ls are se n t

t o th e A t la n t ic s t a t e s , C h icago , Kansas C ity , Oregon,

C a li fo r n ia , and o th e r p o in t s . Much o f th e e x p o r ted raw

H A rizon a Agri c u l t u r e . 1949 (Tucson.: U n iv e r s i ty o f A rizona Experim ent s t a t i o n ) , B u l l e t in 2 20 , p . 1 .

19

1. m a te r ia l r e tu r n s to th e S t a t e in p r o c e sse d form .

Only a n e g l ig i b l e p o r t io n o f th e ann ual $ 5 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

tru ck crop i s p r o c e sse d in A rizon a . T h is f a c t l i m i t s th e

crop to th o s e item s w hich can be sh ipp ed lo n g d is ta n c e s in

f r e s h form . In 1948 th e S ta te exp orted 7 7 4 ,7 6 4 to n s o f

f r e s h f r u i t s and v e g e ta b le s o f w hich 6 5 7 ,6 3 2 to n s w ere2 3

sh ip p ed by r a i l and th e rem ainder by tr u c k .

L e ttu c e ranks h ig h e s t in tonnage o f a l l th e c r o p s .

In 1948 th e r e w ere 2 5 0 ,000 to n s produced , o f w hich 2 0 0 ,0 0 0

to n s (2 1 .5 per c en t o f t o t a l a g r ic u l t u r a l e x p o r ts , e x c lu d in g

l i v e s t o c k ) were sh ip p ed by r a i l and a p p ro x im a te ly 1 0 ,5 0 0

to n s by tr u c k . The v a lu e o f th e 1948 crop was $ 2 4 , 6 0 0 , 0 0 0 ;

e x p o r ts amounted t o more th an 80 per cen t or $ 2 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 .

C an ta lou ps and m elons rank secon d in tonnage o f e x ­

p o rted a g r ic u l t u r a l p r o d u c ts , a c c o u n tin g f o r 9 .8 per c e n t

o f a l l such e x p o r ts . The 1948 p r o d u ctio n was 143>325 to n s

v a lu ed a t $ 1 0 ,9 1 2 ,0 0 0 ; e x p o r ts w ere 9 8 ,9 4 0 to n s v a lu e d a t

$ 6 , 6 1 4 , 0 0 0 . R a i l sh ip m en ts amounted t o 9 7 ,2 4 0 to n s and

th e rem ainder w ere tr a n sp o r te d by t r u c k . C a l i f o r n ia , New

1 . "Unless o th e r w ise in d ic a te d , in fo r m a tio n i s from th e so u r c e s g iv e n in f o o t n o t e s on t h i s p a g e . U n ited S t a t e s Department o f A g r ic u ltu r e , Bureau o f A g r ic u ltu r a l E conom ics, The F e d e r a l Crop and L iv e s to c k S e r v ic e fo r A rizon a (P h oen ix : t / .S . D ep t. o f A g r ic u ltu r e , F ebruary 1 9 4 9 ) .

2 . I n t e r s t a t e Commerce Com m ission, S ta tem en t No.0,-550 (SCS) , (W ashington , D. C. : Government P r i n t i n g T i f f i c e , June 1949 ) .

3 • A rizon a Highway D epartm ent, Highway P la n n in g Survey (P h oen ix: A rizon a Highway D epartm ent, 1 9 4 6 ) . I n t e r ­s t a t e Commerce Com m ission, £ £ . c i t .

20

M exico, U tah , and T exas r e c e iv e d m ost o f th e s e c r o p s .

E xport o f w aterm elon s amounted t o 1 2 ,0 0 0 to n s o f w hich

7 ,5 0 0 were sh ip p ed by r a i l and 4 ,5 0 0 by t r u c k , th e v a lu e

o f t h i s ex p o rt b e in g about $ 6 5 0 ,0 0 0 . P ro d u c tio n was 1 7 ,0 0 0

to n s w orth about $ 9 0 0 ,0 0 0 .

C otton ranks h ig h e s t in ex p o rt v a lu e o f c r o p s . From

th e 8 0 , 000- to n crop o f 1948 th e r e were 6 4 ,4 5 3 to n s ex p o rted ;

6 3 ,6 7 3 to n s were s e n t by r a i l and 780 by t r u c k . T o ta l p ro ­

d u c tio n was v a lu e d a t $ 4 9 ,6 0 0 ,0 0 0 and e x p o r ts a t $ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 .

Of th e a p p ro x im a te ly 2 0 ,0 0 0 to n s o f c o t to n s e e d prod­

u c ts in 1 9 4 8 , 15 per cen t w ere e x p o r te d . T o ta l p r o d u ctio n

was 1 3 4 ,0 0 0 to n s v a lu e d a t $ 9 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 and e x p o r ts amounted

to $1 , 4 2 0 , 0 0 0 . P rod u cts ex p o r ted were la r g e ly c o tto n se e d

o i l s , cak es and m eal, w ith a n e g l ig i b le amount o f h u l l s and

bran. Im ports o f c o tto n se ed amounted t o 3 ,6 0 0 t o n s .

B a r ley and ry e rank h ig h b oth in v a lu e and ton n age

among th e S t a t e ' s e x p o r ts . T o ta l p ro d u ctio n in 1948 was

1 5 0 ,0 0 0 to n s v a lu e d a t $ 8 , 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 , R a i l sh ip m en ts a cco u n t

fo r 8 3 ,2 1 6 to n s and tru ck sh ip m en ts f o r 2 , 3 5 0 , th e v a lu e

o f t o t a l sh ipm en ts b e in g e s t im a te d a t $ 4 ,9 6 5 ,0 0 0 .

E xp orts o f sorghums amount to 4 0 ,2 0 0 to n s w orth about

$ 2 , 0 6 4 , 0 0 0 . P ro d u c tio n amounts t o 7 5 ,0 0 0 to n s v a lu e d a t

$ 3 ,8 7 0 ,0 0 0 .

Wheat i n th e amount o f 3 ,4 0 0 to n s and w orth about

$ 3 5 4 ,0 0 0 i s e x p o r te d . T h is i s somewhat l e s s th an 25 per

cen t o f t o t a l p r o d u ctio n w hich i s 1 3 6 ,0 0 0 to n s v a lu e d a t

21

$i,4i7 ,ooo.S ix per c en t o f an an n u a l p r o d u ctio n o f 5 4 1 ,0 0 0 to n s o f

hay i s exp orted ; t o t a l p r o d u ctio n i s w orth $ 1 0 , 8 2 0 ,0 0 0 and

e x p o r ts $ 6 5 0 , 0 0 0 . R a i l sh ip m en ts accou n t f o r 2 1 ,0 0 0 to n s

w h ile tr u c k sh ipm en ts amount t o 1 1 ,5 0 0 t o n s , m o s t ly t o

C a li fo r n ia .

Annual p r o d u ctio n o f c i t r u s f r u i t s amounts t o 7 0 ,0 0 0

to n s worth about $ 3 , 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 . Of t h i s 6 3 ,4 0 0 to n s w orth

$ 2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 are ex p o r ted ; 2 6 ,7 0 0 to n s a r e sh ip p ed by r a i l , •

and th e rem ain in g 3 2 ,7 0 0 to n s by tr u c k t o C a l i fo r n ia and

T exas.

Shipm ents o f cabbage amounted t o 6 ,4 0 0 to n s by r a i l

and 500 by tr u c k w ith a t o t a l v a lu e o f $ 3 6 0 , 0 0 0 . Produc­

t i o n in 1948 was 1 6 ,5 0 0 to n s w orth $ 8 7 0 ,0 0 0 .

C e le r y p ro d u ctio n f o r A rizon a in 1948 was 1 3 ,0 0 0 to n s

v a lu ed a t $ 8 0 0 ,0 0 0 o f w hich 8 ,0 0 0 to n s w orth $ 4 9 3 ,0 0 0 w ere

ex p o r te d . The on ion crop was 1 0 ,1 0 0 to n s w orth $ 9 4 5 ,0 0 0

o f which 70 per c e n t v a lu e d a t $ 6 5 5 ,0 0 0 was e x p o r te d .

The S t a t e produced 4 3 ,7 5 0 to n s o f p o ta to e s , a lm o st

50 per cen t o f w hich was e x p o r te d . About 1 8 ,0 0 0 to n s were

sh ip p ed by r a i l and 1 ,2 5 0 by tr u c k . The v a lu e o f t o t a l

p ro d u ctio n was $ 3 ,3 5 8 ,0 0 0 and o f e x p o r ts $ 1 ,5 1 1 ,5 0 0 .

The e n t ir e crop o f f la x s e e d (about 3 0 ,0 0 0 t o n s ) was

va lu ed a t $ 6 ,6 5 0 ,0 0 0 ; e x p o r ts a ccou n ted fo r 2 8 ,7 0 0 to n s

w orth $ 6 ,3 6 0 ,0 0 0 .

On th e o th er hand, an e s t im a te d 1 ,5 0 0 to n s o f d r ie d , ^

d eh y d ra ted , and ev a p o ra ted f r u i t s and b e r r ie s are im ported

22

a n n u a lly .

In 1948 A rizon a e x p o r ted a t o t a l o f 3 3 4 ,5 6 6 c a t t l e

and c a lv e s . T w o -th ird s went t o C a l i fo r n ia w h ile T e x a s ,

Colorado and New M exico r e c e iv e d a n o th er 12 per cen t o f

t o t a l sh ip m en ts . The rem aind er went to N evada, K an sas,

Id aho, Montana, and o th e r s t a t e s . E xport o f l i v e s t o c k

amounts t o a lm ost 12 per cen t o f th e t o t a l e x p o r ts from

A rizo n a , a c c o r d in g t o v a lu e .

In th e same p e r io d 1 3 3 ,2 7 2 head o f c a t t l e and c a lv e s

were im p orted , a lm o st a l l o f w hich were s to c k e r and f e e d e r

c a t t l e . Of t h i s number, T exas accou n ted fo r 50 p er c e n t ,

New M exico f o r 33 p er c e n t , w h ile sm a lle r sh ipm en ts came

from C olorado, C a l i f o r n ia , and Oklahoma. Both e x p o r ts and

im ports have dropped c o n s id e r a b ly o v er th e p a s t th r e e

y e a r s , e x p o r ts about 25 per c en t and im ports 30 per c e n t .

Cash r e c e i p t s from farm m ark etin g o f l i v e s t o c k and

p rod u cts amounted to $ 7 7 , 0 9 1 ,0 0 0 f o r A rizon a in 1 9 4 8 , w h ich1

was s l i g h t l y h ig h e r th an f o r 1 9 4 7 . E x p o rts o f c a t t l e and

c a lv e s w ere w orth $ 5 0 ,1 8 5 ,0 0 0 and im p orts t o t a le d about . 2$ 2 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 . E xp orts go to o th e r s t a t e s m o st ly f o r f a t ­

te n in g and f i n i s h i n g , s in c e A rizon a i s p o o r ly prepared fo r

th e p r o c e s s in g o f m eat. E x p o rts are about e q u a l ly d iv id e d

betw een r a i l and tr u c k .

~ 1 . U n ited S t a t e s Departm ent o f A g r ic u ltu r e , Bureau o f A g r ic u ltu r a l E con om ics, The Farm Income S i t u a t io n (W ashing-

! to n , D. C. : Government P r in t in g O f f ic e , F ebruary 1 9 4 9 ) .

2 . A verage w e ig h t 750 pounds; average p r ic e $20 per k hu nd redw eight.

23

D uring 1948 th e S t a t e b o u g h t, s o ld , and s la u g h te r e d

l e s s c a t t l e th an d u rin g any o f th e p r e v io u s s i x t o e ig h t

y e a r s . E xp orts were 14 per cen t l e s s th an 1 9 4 7 , and th e

s m a lle s t s in c e 1940 w h ile im p orts were 13 per c e n t l e s s

than 1947 and th e s m a l le s t s in c e 1 9 4 4 . The number o f

s la u g h te r e d c a t t l e was down 13 per cen t from th e p r e v io u s

year and th e s m a lle s t s in c e 1943 .1

A lthough s to c k e r and fe e d e r c a t t l e im p orts w ere th e

s m a lle s t s in c e 1 9 4 4 , th e 1948 t o t a l was e q u a l t o th e a v e r ­

age f o r th e t e n y e a r s p r io r to 1 9 4 6 . D uring 1946 and

p r e v io u s ly , h a l f o r more o f a l l c a t t l e im ports came from

M exico. The embargo a g a in s t M exican c a t t l e s in c e 1946 has

been p a r t i a l l y o f f s e t by in c r e a s e d p u rch a ses from n e ig h b o r in g

s t a t e s .

Yfool and m ohair e x p o r ts amount t o about 2 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

pounds w orth a p p ro x im a te ly # 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ; th e e n t ir e ou tp u t i s

ex p o rted by r a i l . There has been a d e f i n i t e and co n tin u o u s

d e c lin e in th e number o f sh eep in th e S t a t e . Some 4 ,0 0 0

to n s were e x p o r te d , v a lu e d a t from # 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 to # 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 .

E xp orts o f h id e s , s k in s and p e l t s amounted t o 2 ,0 0 0 t o n s ,

t h r e e - fo u r th s o f w hich was sh ip p ed by r a i l .

The d a ir y in d u s tr y in A rizon a i s f a i r l y w e l l d e v e lo p ed ,

th e output b e in g consumed w ith in th e s t a t e . In a d d it io n

e g g s , b u t te r , c h e e s e , and. p o u ltr y p ro d u cts are im p orted .

TI O f. p . ^ 2 , a n t e .

24

Arkansas and Utah sh ip a la r g e number o f p o u ltr y p ro d u cts t o

A rizon a , w h ile K ansas s u p p l ie s th e S t a t e w ith g r e a t q u a n ti­

t i e s o f m eat.and e g g s . Only about 1 ,5 0 0 to n s o f th e s e prod­

u c ts e n te r th e S t a t e by r a i l w h ile 8 ,0 0 0 to n s come by tr u c k .

The t o t a l v a lu e o f e x p o r ts o f a g r ic u l t u r a l p ro d u cts

( in c lu d in g l i v e s t o c k ) i s a lm o st $ 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 per y e a r .

Alm ost th r e e - fo u r th s o f th e S t a t e ’ s p ro d u ctio n o f a g r ic u l ­

t u r a l p rod u cts and l i v e s t o c k i s e x p o r te d . In many in s ta n c e s

th e econom ic g a in from e x p o r ts i s o f f s e t by e x p e n d itu r e s f o r

im ports o f th e same p rod u cts in p r o c e sse d form . At t im e s ,

se a so n a l d i f f e r e n c e s th rough out th e n a t io n accou n t f o r t h i s

s i t u a t i o n , but f r e q u e n t ly i t i s due t o an i n s u f f i c i e n t num­

b er o f p r o c e s s in g and f i n i s h i n g p la n t s w ith in th e S t a t e .

T r a n sp o r ta tio n c o s t s o f raw m a te r ia ls ex p o rted and o f

f in i s h e d p ro d u cts im ported are th u s added t o th e t o t a l c o s t .

TABLE IIARIZONA EXPORTS OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND LIVESTOCK1

(Ranked A ccord in g t o V a lu e )

P roduct A c tu a l v a lu eA c tu a l w e ig h t

( sh o r t t o n s )

Per c e n t o f

t o t a l v a lu e

Per c e n t o f

t o t a l w e ig h t

C a t t le & c a lv e s $ 5 0 ,1 8 5 ,0 0 0 1 2 5 ,0 0 0 3 5 .6 1 4 .9C otton 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 6 4 ,4 5 3 2 8 .3 7 .9 2L e ttu ce 2 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 1 0 ,5 0 0 1 4 .8 2 5 .1 2C an talou ps &

m elons ( e x c l . w aterm elon s) 6 ,6 1 4 ,0 0 0 9 8 ,9 4 0 4 .6 1 1 .8

F la x s e e d 6 ,3 6 0 ,0 0 0 2 8 ,7 0 0 4 .5 3 .4 1B a r le y & rye 4 ,9 6 5 ,0 0 0 8 5 ,5 6 6 3 .5 1 0 .2C itr u s f r u i t s * 2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 6 3 ,4 0 0 1 .6 7 .5 5Sorghum 2 ,0 6 4 ,0 0 0 4 0 ,2 0 0 1 .4 4 .8P o ta to e s 1 ,5 1 1 ,5 0 0 1 9 ,2 5 0 1 .0 5 2 .2 8C o tto n seed prod­

u c t s n . o . s . 1 ,4 2 0 ,0 0 0 2 0 ,0 0 0 1 .0 2 .3 7H id e s , s k in s * 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,5 0 0 0 .7 .1 7Wool & m ohair 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 0 .7 .1 1O nions 6 5 5 ,0 0 0 7 ,0 0 0 0 .4 5 .8 3W aterm elons 6 5 0 ,0 0 0 1 2 ,0 0 0 0 .4 5 1 .4 3Hay 6 5 0 ,0 0 0 3 2 ,5 0 0 0 .4 5 3 .8 9C e le r y 4 9 3 ,0 0 0 8 ,0 0 0 0 .3 .95Cabbage 3 6 0 ,0 0 0 6 ,9 0 0 0 .2 5 .8 1

TABLE II (cont.)

P roduct A c tu a l v a lu eA c tu a l w e ig h t

( sh o r t t o n s )

P er c en t o f

t o t a l v a lu e

Per c en t o f

t o t a l w eigh t

Wheat $ 3 5 4 ,0 0 0 3 ,4 0 0 0 .2 4 .4Sheep 1 7 5 ,0 0 0 4 ,0 0 0 0 .1 1 .4 7M isc. p rod u cts

n . o . s . n .a . 5 ,0 0 0 m w r n .5 9

T o ta l $ 1 4 1 , 9 5 6 ,5 0 0 8 3 7 ,3 0 9 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0

^ E stim ated from a v a i la b le in fo r m a tio n , n . o . s . = n o t o th e r w ise s p e c i f i e d n . a . = n o t a v a i la b le

1 . P r ic e s are a s r e p o r te d by th e U n ited S t a t e s Department o f A g r ic u ltu r e , F e d e r a l Crop and L iv e s to c k S e r v ic e fo r A rizona (P hoen ix: Bureau o f A g r ic u ltu r a l E conom ics, February 1^4 9 ) . And A rizo n a A g r ic u ltu r e , 1 9 4 9 , o p . o i t .

I n t e r s t a t e Commerce CommlsslonT o p . o i t . A rizona Highway^Department,o p . c l t .

27

TABLE I I I

ARIZONA EXPORTS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND. LIVESTOCK, 1 9 4 8 , BY METHOD OF TRANSPORTATION1

(N et Movement)

CommodityE x p o rts

( sh o r t to n s )P er cen t by r a i l

Per c e n t by tr u c k

L e ttu ceC antaloups & m elons

2 1 0 ,5 0 0 95 5

n . o . s . 9 8 ,9 4 0 9 8 .2 1 .8W aterm elons 1 2 ,0 0 0 6 2 .5 3 7 .5C otton 6 4 ,4 5 3 99 *C otton seed p ro d u cts 2 0 ,0 0 0 100

B arley and ry e 8 5 ,5 6 6 9 7 .3 2 .7Sorghums 4 0 ,2 0 0 100Wheat 3 ,4 0 0 100Hay 3 2 ,5 0 0

6 3 ,4 0 06 4 .6 3 5 .4

C itr u s f r u i t s 4 8 .4 5 1 .6

Cabbage 6 ,4 0 0 92 8C elery 8 ,0 0 0 97 3Onions 7 ,0 0 0 100P o ta to e s 1 9 ,2 5 0 71 29F la x se e d 2 8 ,7 0 0 96 4

C a t t le and c a lv e s 7 5 ,0 0 0 45 55Wool and m ohair 1 ,0 0 0 100Sheep 4 ,0 0 0 48 52H id e s , s k in s , p e l t s 2 ,0 0 0 75 25

*L ess th an 1 p er c en t n . o . s . = n o t o th e r w ise s p e c i f i e d

_. 1 . I n t e r s t a t e Commerce C om m ission, o p . c i t .A rizon a Highway D epartm en t, o p . c i t . U . S . Departm ent o f A g r ic u ltu r e , 0 £ . c i t .

TABLE 17

ARIZONA PRODUCTION AND EXPORT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAND LIVESTOCK 19481 1

Commodity P ro d u c tio n

E xp orts (Per c e n t o f

t o t a l p r o d u ctio n )

L e ttu ce # 2 4 ,6 0 0 ,0 0 0 8 5 .3C antaloups & m elons 1 0 ,9 1 2 ,0 0 0 6 0 .6W atermelons 9 0 0 ,0 0 0 7 2 . 2C otton 4 9 ,6 0 0 ,0 0 0 8 0 .6C otton seed p rod u cts 9 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 4 .9

B a r ley & ry e 8 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 5 8 .4Sorghums 3 ,8 7 0 ,0 0 0 5 3 .3Wheat 1 ,4 1 7 ,0 0 0 2 4 .9Hay 1 0 , 8 2 0 ,0 0 0 6 .0C itru s f r u i t s 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 8 3 .3

Cabbage 8 7 0 ,0 0 0 4 2 .0C elery 8 0 0 ,0 0 0 6 1 .6Onions 9 4 5 ,0 0 0 6 9 .3P o ta to e s 3 , 3 5 8 ,0 0 0 4 5 .0F la x se e d 6 ,6 5 0 ,0 0 0 9 5 .6

C a t t le & c a lv e s 7 7 ,0 9 1 ,0 0 0 6 5 .1Wool & m ohair 1 ,2 5 0 ,0 0 0 8 0 .0Sheep 2 ,7 5 0 ,0 0 0 ......................7 • 2

1 . I n t e r s t a t e Commeree C om m ission, oja. o i t .A rizona Highway D epartm en t, o p , c i t . U. S . Departm ent o f A g r ic u ltu r e , o p . o i t .

TABLE V

ARIZONA EXPORTS AND IMPORTS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAND LIVESTOCK, 1% 8

Volume ( in sh o rt t o n s ) _____________________ V alue_______G ross , fret G ross N et

i n - o u t - i n - o u t - i n - o u t - i n - o u t -Commodity bound bound bound bound bound bound bound bound

l e t t u c e C an talou ps

& m elons

3 ,0 0 0/

2 1 3 ,5 0 0 2 1 0 ,5 0 0

n . o . s . 25 9 8 ,9 6 5 9 8 ,9 4 0W aterm elons4‘ 500 1 2 ,5 0 0 1 2 ,0 0 0C ottonC o tto n seed

3 0 ,0 0 0 9 4 ,4 5 3 6 4 ,4 5 3

& p rod . B a r le y &

3 ,0 0 0 2 3 ,0 0 0 2 0 ,0 0 0

r y e 2 3 ,0 0 0 1 0 8 ,5 6 6 8 5 ,5 6 6Sorghums 1 1 ,6 0 0 5 1 ,8 0 0 4 0 ,2 0 0Wheat 3 ,9 0 0 7 ,3 0 0 3 ,4 0 0HayC itr u s

6 ,7 0 0 3 9 ,2 0 0 3 2 ,5 0 0

f r u i t s * 1 ,6 5 0150'

6 5 ,0 5 0 6 3 ,4 0 0Cabbage 7 ,0 5 0 6 ,9 0 0C e le r y 125 8 ,1 2 5 8 ,0 0 0O nions 1 ,1 0 0 8 ,1 0 0 7 ,0 0 0P o ta to e s 1 8 ,4 0 0 3 7 ,6 5 0 1 9 ,2 5 0F la x s e e d 50 2 8 ,7 5 0 2 8 ,7 0 0

$ 2 9 5 ,2 0 0 $ 2 1 ,2 9 5 ,2 0 0 $ $ 2 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

1 ,6 5 02 7 ,0 8 3

1 ,8 6 0 ,0 0 0

6 ,6 1 5 ,6 5 0677 ,0 8 3

4 1 ,8 6 0 ,0 0 0

6 ,6 1 4 ,0 0 06 5 0 ,0 0 0

4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

7 1 0 ,0 0 0 2 ,1 3 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,4 2 0 ,0 0 0

1 ,3 0 3 ,3 0 05 9 8 ,5 6 04 6 0 ,0 0 01 3 4 ,0 0 0

9 ,8 0 3 ,3 0 02 ,6 6 2 ,5 6 0

8 1 4 ,0 0 07 8 4 ,0 0 0

8 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 02 ,0 6 4 ,0 0 0

3 5 4 .0 0 06 5 0 .0 0 0

7 5 ,1 7 57 8 ,2 0 07 7 ,0 0 0

1 0 3 ,0 0 01 ,4 1 1 ,2 8 0

1 1 ,3 8 0

2 ,5 7 5 ,1 7 54 3 8 ,2 0 05 7 0 ,0 0 07 5 8 ,0 0 0

2 ,9 2 2 ,7 8 06 ,3 7 1 ,3 8 0

2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 03 6 0 ,0 0 04 9 3 .0 0 06 5 5 .0 0 0

1 ,5 1 1 ,5 0 0 6 ,3 6 0 ,0 0 0 %

TABLE V (oont.)Volume ( in sh o r t to n s )

Gross Neti n - o u t - i n - o u t -

Commodity bound bound bound bound

■ _____ V alueGross '

in - out- in -bound bound bound

TTefo u t­

bound

F r u it s &b e r r ie s

C a tt le &1 ,5 0 0 1 ,5 0 0 $ 3 7 ,5 0 0 # § 3 7 ,5 0 0 #

c a lv e s Wool &

5 0 ,0 0 0 1 2 5 ,0 0 0 7 5 ,0 0 0 2 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 5 0 , 1 8 5 ,0 0 0 3 0 ,1 8 5 ,0 0 0

m ohair 1 ,0 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 1 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0SheepH id e s ,s k in s

8 ,0 0 0 1 2 ,0 0 0 4 ,0 0 0 3 5 0 ,0 0 0 525 ,000 1 7 5 ,0 0 0

& p e l t s P o u ltr y &

2 ,0 0 0 2 ,0 0 0 1 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

p rod .P ack in g

1 ,5 0 0 1 ,5 0 0 n .a . n .a .

h ou se3 ,2 9 6 .0 0 0p rod . 1 2 .0 0 0 4 ,0 0 0 8 .0 0 0 9 ,8 8 0 .0 0 0 6 . 584 ,0 0 0

T o ta l 1 7 6 ,2 0 0 9 4 8 ,0 0 9 1 1 ,0 0 0 7 8 2 ,8 0 9 $ 3 7 ,4 1 3 ,3 2 8 1 5 6 ,2 8 3 ,3 2 8 6 ,6 2 1 ,5 0 0 1 2 5 ,4 9 1 ,5 0 0

♦ E stim a ten . o . s . = n o t o th e r w ise s p e c i f i e d n .a . = not a v a i la b le

1 . U .S . Departm ent o f A g r ic u ltu r e , op . o l t . A rizona A g r ic u ltu r e , 1949 , 0 £ . o l t . I n t e r s t a t e Commerce C om m ission, o p . o i t . A rizon a Highway D epartm ent, op . p i t .

V Io

CHAPTER 17

FOREST PRODUCTS

On th e h ig h p la te a u s o f n o rth ern A rizon a th e r e are

v a s t f o r e s t s o f v ir g in t im b e r / such a s P onderosa p in e and

D ouglas f i r , c o v e r in g more th an 1 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 a c r e s . Most o f

t h i s a r e a i s w ith in th e b ou n d aries o f n a t io n a l f o r e s t s , and

from tim e t o tim e th e F o r e s t S e r v ic e o f f e r s f o r s a le b lo c k s

o f r ip e tim b er . A p p rox im ately 4 8 0 ,0 0 0 to n s are produced

a n n u a lly , a lth o u g h th e f o r e s t s co u ld s u s ta in c o n s id e r a b ly

m ore. The v a lu e o f th e annual p r o d u ctio n amounts t o

$ 2 5 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 .

C o n sid era b le lum ber in d u s tr y i s c o n c e n tr a te d a t or

near F l a g s t a f f , McNary, and W illia m s . The ou tp u t i s con­

sumed m o st ly w ith in th e S t a t e , a lth o u g h some i s e x p o r te d .

Among e x p o r ts , lumber and la t h accou n t fo r abou t 84 per2

cen t or 1 5 7 ,0 0 0 to n s w orth about $ 1 0 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 . A pproxi­

m a te ly 1 5 ,0 0 0 to n s o f b oxes and c r a te s add $ 7 5 0 ,0 0 0 to th e

v a lu e o f e x p o r t s . M is c e lla n e o u s f o r e s t r y p ro d u cts amount­

in g t o 1 5 ,0 0 0 to n s w orth $ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 a l s o are sh ip p ed out o f

th e S t a t e . R a i l sh ip m en ts accou n t f o r 1 7 5 ,0 0 0 to n s , m ost

_ XT R eport o f th e C h ie f o f th e F o r e s t S e r v ic e (W ashington, t ) .C .: U. S . D e p t. o f A g r ic u ltu r e , June 1 9 4 8 ) .

2 . Lumber 95 p er c en t o f t o t a l , p r ic e d a t $66 per to n ; la t h 5 per cen t o f t o t a l , p r ic e d a t $40 per t o n .

32

o f which i s sh ip p ed t o th e A t la n t ic and M iddle W estern

s t a t e s , w h ile tr u c k sh ip m en ts acco u n t f o r 1 2 ,8 0 0 to n s s e n t

m o stly t o nearby U tah .

The S t a t e ’s p r o d u c tio n o f v a r io u s f o r e s t p ro d u cts i s

i n s u f f i c i e n t t o m eet th e n eed s and demands o f th e p op u la­

t i o n , hen ce A rizon a i s an im p orter o f th e s e p r o d u c ts , 40

p er c e n t o f w hich a r e su p p lie d by C a l i f o r n ia . A t o t a l o f

about 3 0 7 ,0 0 0 to n s i s im ported o f w hich lum b er, s h i n g l e s ,

and la t h rank h ig h e s t w ith a t o t a l o f 1 8 0 ,0 0 0 to n s worth

$ 1 1 ,3 6 0 ,0 0 0 . About 5 5 ,0 0 0 to n s o f wooden p o s t s , p o le s , and

p i l i n g s v a lu ed a t a p p ro x im a te ly $ 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 and m isc e lla n e o u s

p rod u cts o f 7 2 ,0 0 0 to n s w orth $ 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 a r e a l s o im p orted .

R a il sh ipm en ts amounted t o 2 9 3 ,3 0 0 to n s and tr u c k sh ip m en ts

t o 1 3 ,7 0 0 .

The n orth ern A rizon a f o r e s t la n d s produce o n ly c e r ta in

k in d s o f t im b e r , and th e r e l a t i v e l y la r g e im ports o f f o r e s t

p rod u cts are due in no sm a ll m easure t o th e S t a t e ’s demand

f o r v a r io u s tim b er p ro d u cts n ot l o c a l l y a v a i la b l e .

TABLE VI <

ARIZONA IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF FOREST PRODUCTS, 19481

v , V

Volume (OOO’s o f sh o r t to n s ) V alue (OOO’s o f $ )G ross N et G ross Net

P roducti n ­

boundo u t - i n - o u t ­

bound bound boundI n - o u t - i n - o u t -

bound bound bound bound

Lumber & l a t h 180 1 5 7 .5 2 2 .5 1 1 ,3 6 0 1 0 ,5 0 0 860

P o s t s , p o le s & p i l i n g s 55 55 2 ,0 0 0 2 ,0 0 0

B oxes & c r a te s 15 750 750

M isc . p ro d u cts . 7 2 15 57 3 ,0 0 0 500 2 ,5 0 0

T o ta l 307 1 8 7 .5 1 3 4 .5 1 6 ,3 6 0 1 1 ,7 5 0 5 ,3 6 0 750

1 . I n t e r s t a t e Commerce C om m ission, o p . c i t . A rizon a Highway D epartm ent, o p . p i t . I n te r v ie w w ith Mule ah y Lumber Company, T u cson .

TABLE VIIMAJOR EXPORTS OF ARIZONA (Ranked A ccord in g to V alueJ1

Group ValueW eight

( sh o r t to n s )

Pero f t o t a l

v a lu e

c en to f t o t a l w e ig h t

M in era ls # 2 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 4 8 .4 9 6 .6 3

A g r ic u ltu r e ( e x c l . l i v e s t o c k ) 8 9 ,5 9 6 ,5 0 0 7 0 0 ,8 0 9 1 9 .7 4 1 .7

M anufactures^ 8 1 ,9 4 5 ,0 0 0 3 7 7 ,5 0 0 1 8 .0 .9 0

L iv e s to c k 5 1 ,3 6 0 ,0 0 0 1 2 5 ,0 0 0 1 1 .3 .3 2

•F orest p r o d u cts 1 1 .7 5 0 .0 0 0 1 8 7 ,4 0 0 2 .5 6 .4 5

T o ta l $ 4 5 4 ,6 5 1 ,5 0 0 . 4 1 ,3 9 0 ,7 0 9 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0

1 . U .S . Bureau o f M in es, op . c i t . Departm ent o f I t in era l R e so u r c e s , op . p i t . U .S . D ep t, o f A g r ic u ltu r e , o p . o T t. I n t e r s t a t e Commerce Com m ission, o p . c i t . A rizo n a Highway D epartm ent, op . c i t . A rizon a A g r ic u ltu r e . 1 9 4 9 . op . c i t .

2 . O f. p . 3 7 , p o s t . v*>

CHAPTER 7

MANUFACTURES AND MISCELLANEOUS

A rizon a e x p e r ie n c e d a m oderate p r o g r e ss tow ard in d u s­

t r i a l i z a t i o n p r io r t o 1 9 4 0 , w hich tu rn ed in to a sw eep ing

exp an sion in th e p e r io d 1940-1947• U n d er ly in g t h i s growth

was th e enormous e x p a n s io n o f war p r o d u ctio n in t h i s g e n e r a l

a r e a , in a d d it io n to in d u s t r ia l d e c e n t r a l iz a t io n and popu­

l a t io n s h i f t s o f th e n a t io n . The im portance o f t h i s d e v e l­

opment cannot be o v er -em p h a sized . By c o n tin u ed in d u s t r ia l

e x p a n s io n , th e S t a t e becomes g r a d u a lly more s e l f - s u f f i c i e n t

and v a r ie d employment i s p rov id ed fo r th e expanding p op u la­

t i o n . The r e s u l t in g ad van tages are low er c o s t s o f l i v i n g

and in c r e a se d e a rn in g pow er.

A lthough p r e se n t m an u factu rin g ou tp u t ( e x c lu s iv e o f

sm e ltin g ) is .r u n n in g a t an an n u al r a te o f ab ou t $ 1 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0

th e S ta te cannot be c l a s s i f i e d a s an in d u s t r ia l s t a t e . The

m anu factu rin g volum e o f A rizon a i s th e r e s u l t o f many sm a ll

in d u s tr ie s ; and im p orts o f m anufactured goods (e x c lu d in g

p etro leu m and i t s p r o d u c ts ) rank h ig h among t o t a l im p o r ts ,

a c co u n tin g f o r 50 p er c e n t o f t h e ir v a lu e ( s e e T ab le T i l l ) .

Arizona Highways. X H 7 (November 1948), 7 .

36

Motor r e g i s t r a t i o n has r i s e n $0 per cen t in A rizon a

s in c e th e w ar, now t o t a l i n g some 2 4 0 ,0 0 0 v e h i c l e s . Im ports

o f motor v e h ic l e s and p a r ts amounted t o about 3 0 ,0 0 0 to n s

in 1948 w ith a v a lu e o f a p p ro x im a te ly $ 5 8 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 . Motor

f u e l consum ption in c r e a s e d p r o p o r t io n a te ly . The 1948 im­

p o r ts o f motor f u e l w ere 6 5 1 ,1 3 8 to n s w orth $ 5 4 ,2 2 6 ,8 0 0 .

In a d d it io n th e S ta te im p orts 5 3 0 ,000 to n s o f v a r io u s p e ­

tro leu m p r o d u c ts , made up a s f o l l o w s : 4 2 6 ,0 0 0 to n s o f f u e l ,

road and p etro leu m r e s id u a l o i l s worth over $ 8 ,5 2 0 ,0 0 0 ;

2 0 ,0 0 0 to n s o f lu b r ic a t in g o i l s and g r e a se s v a lu ed a t

$ 3 7 8 ,0 0 0 ; and 8 4 ,0 0 0 to n s o f o th er p etro leu m p ro d u cts worth

$ 4 ,6 2 0 ,0 0 0 . About 70 per cen t o f th e t o t a l im p orts o f th e s e

p ro d u cts came by r a i l and th e rem ainder by tr u c k . The

S t a t e ’ s ex p o rt and r e -e x p o r t o f th e s e p rod u cts were n e g l i ­

g ib le .

Due t o th e c h a r a c te r o f th e s e p ro d u cts , th e tr a n s p o r ta ­

t i o n m edia w i l l vary from tim e to t im e . S h ip p er and r e ­

c e iv e r a re in p o s i t i o n t o ta k e f u l l ad van tage o f f lu c t u a t in g

f r e ig h t r a t e s betw een tru ck and r a i l , e s p e c i a l ly f o r sh o r t

h a u ls .

Cement im ports amounted t o 3 4 6 ,0 0 0 to n s in 1948 w ith a

v a lu e o f $ 7 ,2 6 6 ,0 0 0 . R e f r ig e r a t o r s , w ashing m ach in es, and

v a r io u s o th e r e l e c t r i c a l equipm ent amounted t o about

$ 2 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 in im p orts w h ile $ 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 w orth o f b u ild in g

m a te r ia ls (o th e r th an lu m b er) was sh ip p ed in to A r izo n a .

V arious c h e m ic a ls and f e r t i l i z e r s were im ported in

g r e a t q u a n t i t i e s . Some 3 0 ,0 0 0 to n s o f w a ste m a te r ia l fo r

37

r e m e lt in g e n te r e d th e S t a t e , and an eq u a l amount o f scra p

ir o n and s t e e l was e x p o r te d . Numerous o th e r m anufactured

com m odities a re im ported each y e a r , d a ta f o r w hich a r e but

fragm en tary .

Most im p ortan t among e x p o r ts o f m anu factu res are s h ip ­

m ents o f copper b l i s t e r s ; 355*000 to n s w orth $ 7 8 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0

were sh ip p ed ou t in 1948 . Added t o th e o u tf lo w w ere 1 4 ,0 0 0

to n s o f e x p lo s iv e s v a lu e d a t $ 4 , 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 and about 8 ,5 0 01

to n s o f i c e w orth $ 1 5 0 , 0 0 0 .

F in is h e d m anu factu res are ex p o rted from A rizon a in

c o n s id e r a b le v a r ie t y , but th e t o t a l amount in v o lv e d i s r e l a ­

t i v e l y i n s ig n i f i c a n t in r e l a t io n to t o t a l e x p o r ts o f th e

S ta te and to im ports o f f in i s h e d p r o d u c ts . There were e x ­

p o r ts o f about 8 0 0 ,0 0 0 to n s o f m anufactured and m is c e l la n e ­

ous p rod u cts in 1948 compared w ith im p orts o f over 2 , 5 0 0 ,0 0 02

to n s — le a v in g n e t im p orts o f about 1 , 7 0 0 ,0 0 0 t o n s .

Truck sh ipm ents a cco u n t f o r a p p ro x im a te ly 30 p er c en t

o f th e t o t a l im p orts o f p e tro leu m and i t s p r o d u c ts . Of

o th er m a n u fa ctu res , around 12 per cen t are brought in by

t r u c k s ; b e v e r a g e s , v a r io u s p r o c e sse d fo o d p r o d u c ts , and

h ou seh old goods c o n s t i t u t e m ost o f t h i s 12 per c e n t . R a i l

sh ipm ents o f m ach in ery , e l e c t r i c a l equipm ent and m a te r ia ls

accou nt fo r a lm ost 100 per c en t o f th e t o t a l im p orts o f

th e s e p r o d u c ts . 1

1 . O f. T ab le V I I . p . 34 a n t e .

2 . I n t e r s t a t e Commerce Com m ission, op . c i t .

TABLE VIIIMAJOR IMPORTS OF ARIZONA (Ranked A ccording to V a lu e )1

Group V alueW eight

( s h o r t to n s )

P er cent, o f

t o t a l v a lu e

Per c en t o f

t o t a l w e ig h t

P r in c ip a l m anu factu res* $ 8 9 ,7 6 1 ,5 0 0 519 ,100 3 4 .7 1 0 .4O ther m fr s . & m isc .* * 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 1 5 .4 2 4 .8

T o ta l m an u factu res $ 1 2 9 ,7 6 1 ,5 0 0 7 6 9 ,1 0 0 5 0 .1 2 1 5 .2

P etro leu m & p rod . 6 7 ,7 4 4 ,8 0 0 1 ,0 8 1 ,1 3 8 2 6 .2 2 1 .6L iv e s to c k 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 5 0 ,0 0 0 7 .7 2 1 .0F o r e s t prod . 1 6 ,3 6 0 ,0 0 0 3 0 7 ,0 0 0 6 .3 2 6 .2A g r ic . p rod .*** 1 4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 5 .4 2 .0M ining p rod . 1 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 ,7 0 0 ,0 0 0 4 .2 4 5 4 .0

T o ta l a l l p rod . $ 2 5 8 ,8 6 5 ,3 0 0 5 ,0 0 7 ,2 3 8 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0

* In c lu d e s a u to m o b ile s , v a r io u s b u ild in g m a te r ia ls , paper and paper p r o d u c ts , su g a r , so a p , m ach in ery , e t c .

* * E stim a te . In c lu d e s a g r ic u l t u r a l im plem ents and p a r t s , b e v e r a g e s , r a i l equipm ent and p a r t s , e t c .

* * * E stim a te . In c lu d e s co rn , f l o u r , f r u i t s , b e r r i e s , o th e r p r o c e sse d p rod u cts o f a g r ic u l t u r e . 1

1 . U .S . Bureau o f M in es, op . c i t . Departm ent o f M ineral R e so u rc es , op . p i t . U .S . D ep t, o f A g r ic u ltu r e , The F e d e r a l Crop and L iv e s to c k R ep ortin g S e r v ic e f o r A r iz o n a . I n t e r s t a t e Commerce Com., op . c i t . %rizona highway D ept7 , o p . c i t .

TABLE IXINTERSTATE AND FOREIGN COMMERCE OF ARIZONA1

(By Method o f T r a n sp o r ta t io n in P er cen t o f T o ta l , u s in g G ross F ig u r e s ) 1

Inbound OutboundCommodity R a il . Truck R a il Truck

M in era l p rod u cts 1 0 0 .0 * 1 0 0 .0 *

A g r io . p ro d u cts (e x c lu d in g l i v e s t o c k ) 7 6 .5 2 3 .5 8 7 .9 1 2 .1

L iv e s to c k & p rod u cts 8 8 .0 1 2 .0 6 2 .7 3 7 .3

F o r e s t p ro d u cts 9 7 .0 3 .0 9 3 .0 7 .0

M anufactures & m isc . ( in c lu d in g p etro leu m and p r o d u cts ) 7 4 .5 2 5 . 5 ................. 7 9 .6 2 0 .4

*Truck sh ipm en ts amount t o l e s s th a n 1 /1 0 o f 1 per c e n t .

1 . I n t e r s t a t e Commerce Com m ission, o p . c i t . A rizon a Highway D epartm ent, o p .c i t .

CHAPTER YI

TRADE WITH MEXICO

A cro ss th e in t e r n a t io n a l b ou n d aries t o th e sou th a r e

im portant m arkets f o r A rizon a p r o d u c ts . The M exican s t a t e s

o f Son ora , S in a lo a , D urango, and N a y a r it a r e w e a lth y in

n a tu r a l r e s o u r c e s but la c k t e c h n ic a l equipm ent and c o n str u c ­

t io n m a te r ia l . T h is area a d jo in s th e sou th ern border o f

A rizo n a , and m a te r ia l e n te r in g i t must come from or a t

l e a s t p ass through th e S t a t e .

Data are n o t a v a i la b le a s t o th e amount o f A r izo n a ’ s

p a r t ic ip a t io n in th e tra d e th rou gh th e S t a t e ’ s custom s

d i s t r i c t s , but i t i s p rob ab le th a t a g r e a te r p a r t o f t h i s

f lo w o r ig in a t e s or te r m in a te s in A r izo n a .

As T ab le X in d ic a t e s , v e g e ta b le s and b e v e ra g e s accou n t

f o r about $0 per c e n t o f th e f lo w in t o A r iz o n a . M eta ls and

m anufactures amount t o a lm ost 30 p er c en t o f t o t a l im ports

from M exico o ver th e p a s t tw o y e a r s . Of A rizon a e x p o r ts t o

M exico, m achinery and v e h i c l e s accou n t fo r o v er 50 per c e n t

w h ile v a r io u s m an u factu res and f in i s h e d p ro d u cts accou n t

f o r an o th er 30 per c e n t . E x p o rts t o M exico in 1948 d e c l in e d

c o n s id e r a b ly from th e p r e v io u s y e a r , but im p orts r o s e .

T ab le X g iv e s a com parison o f im port and e x p o r t f i g ­

u res fo r 1947 and 1 9 4 8 .

TABLE XTRADE WITH MEXICO1

Im ports E xp ortsCommodity group 1947 1948 1947 1948

A nim als & p r o d . , e d ib le $ 4 ,4 9 6 ,2 4 9 $ 6 ,1 6 2 ,6 6 6 $ 80 4 ,6 8 0 $ 4 4 5 ,6 6 4" , in e d ib le 1 9 6 ,1 3 9 2 8 2 ,0 4 7 1 2 0 ,3 5 1 6 0 ,6 1 9

V e g e ta b le s , b ev era g es 1 8 ,0 1 4 ,5 5 8 2 1 ,4 8 9 ,8 9 2 1 ,2 9 0 ,3 9 1 6 2 7 ,7 5 4V e g e ta b le p r o d . , in e d ib le 2 21 ,255 . 7 0 4 ,6 1 5 7 9 4 ,8 9 1 6 4 4 ,2 3 4T e x t i l e s & m anu factu res 4 6 ,8 2 1 7 9 ,2 7 5 515 ,945 3 9 1 ,0 7 1

Wood & paper 1 4 1 ,8 6 7 2 5 ,2 5 4 1 ,5 9 9 ,3 2 0 1 ,5 5 2 ,5 5 6N o n -m e ta llic m in e r a ls 8 2 2 ,1 9 7 1 ,0 2 8 ,5 4 6 3 ,9 2 7 ,3 7 4 3 ,1 3 3 ,4 5 2M eta ls & m anu factu res 1 1 ,7 9 3 ,0 7 0 1 3 ,8 7 2 ,8 5 7 7 ,0 3 8 ,2 0 0 4 ,6 2 5 ,5 9 6M achinery & v e h ic le s 1 3 ,4 8 9 6 8 ,4 5 9 2 2 ,0 0 6 ,7 3 5 1 7 ,1 0 8 ,7 8 7C h em ica ls & p rod u cts 1 ,2 1 5 1 6 ,0 4 5 1 ,8 5 2 ,4 1 9 1 ,4 2 8 ,0 9 1M is c e lla n e o u s 3 4 4 ,5 0 4 2 8 2 ,8 9 3 1 ,2 8 3 ,5 9 8 669 ,8 4 5

T o ta l $ 3 6 ,0 9 1 ,3 6 4 $ 4 4 ,0 1 2 ,5 4 9 $ 4 1 ,2 3 3 ,9 0 4 $ 3 0 ,6 8 7 ,6 6 9

1 . U .S . E xp orts o f D om estic M erchandise and Im ports f o r Consumption o f Mer­c h a n d ise by Commodity Groups th rou gh th e Customs D i s t r i c t s o f A rizon a; in fo r m a tio n th ro u g h th e c o u r te s y o f Mr. M inton M oore, P h o en ix .

TABLE XIARIZONA EXPORTS AND IMPORTS, 1948

Volume ( in OOO's o f sh o r t to n s ) V alue ( in OOO’s o f $ )G ross N et G ross Net______

i n - o u t - i n - o u t - " i n - o u t - i n - o u t -Commodity bound bound

Copper ore &c o n c e n tr a te 2 , 313*6 4 1 ,2 8 3 .6

Lead ore &c o n c e n tr a te 45*6 7 4 .6

Z in c ore &c o n c e n tr a te 6 0 .4 1 1 3 .9

B itu m in ou s c o a l 2 7 .4Ir o n ore 9*9C lay 3 .5 8 2 .3S to n e & rock 44 64A sp h a lt 38 .4S a l t 1 5 .1Su lphur 2 6 .5P ro d u c ts o f

m in es n . o . s . 185______ 220

41 , 838.8

bound bound bound

M in eral P rod u cts

3 8 ,9 7 0 9 ,6 7 2 .1

29 1 5 ,7 2 4

5 3 .5 1 5 ,8 0 02 7 .4 1 8 3 .8

9 .9 n .a .7 8 .8 8 .720 66

3 7 .6 4181 5 .1 442 6 .5 5 0 3 .5

35 1 0 .0 0 0 *

1 1 6 .5 3 9 ,1 8 6 .3 5 2 ,4 2 0 .1

bound bound bound

1 7 2 ,6 0 8 .1 1 6 2 ,9 3 6

2 5 ,7 2 4 1 0 ,0 0 0

2 9 ,8 0 01 8 3 .8

n .a .

1 4 ,0 0 0

2 0 5 .7 19796 30

5 .5 4 1 2 .544

5 0 3 .5

1 2 .0 0 0 * 2 .0 0 0 *

2 4 0 ,4 3 9 .3 1 ,1 4 3 .8 1 8 9 ,1 6 3T o ta l 2 ,7 6 9

TABLE XE (oont.)

Commodity

Volume ( in 0 0 0 ‘ s o f sh o r t t o n s ) V alue ( in 0 0 0 ‘s o f $ ) :' G ross N et G ross : Net

i n ­bound

o u t­bound

i n - o u t­bound bound

in ­bound

o u t­bound

i n ­bound

o u t­bound

A g r ic u ltu r a l P rod u ctsL e ttu c e 3 2 1 3 .5 2 1 0 .5 1 3 5 2 1 ,3 0 0 2 1 ,0 0 0C an talou ps & . . .

m elons n . o . s . ** 9 8 .9 9 8 .9 6 ,6 1 4 6 ,6 1 4W aterm elons «5 1 2 .5 12 25 675 650C otton 30 9 4 .4 6 4 .4 1 8 ,0 0 0 5 8 ,0 0 0 4 0 ,0 0 0C o tto n seed &

p rod . 3 23 20 230 1 ,6 5 0 1 ,4 2 0B a r le y & rye 23 , 1 0 8 .5 8 5 .5 1 ,3 8 0 6 ,3 4 5 4 ,9 6 5Sorghums 1 1 .6 5 1 .8 4 0 .2 580 2 ,6 4 4 2 ,0 6 4Wheat 3 .9 7 .3 3 .4 400 754 354Hay 6 .7 3 9 .3 3 2 .6 140 790 650C itr u s f r u i t s * 1 .6 65 6 3 .4 200 2 ,7 0 0 2 ,5 0 0Cabbage .1 7 6 .9 5 365 360C e le r y .1 8 .1 8 7 500 493O nions 1 .1 8 .1 7 95 750 655P o ta to e s 1 8 .4 3 7 .6 1 9 .2 1 ,3 8 8 .5 2 ,9 0 0 1 ,5 1 1 .5F la x s e e d ** 2 8 .7 2 8 .7 6 ,3 6 0 6 ,3 6 0F r u i t s , - n . o . s . 1 .5 1 .5 375 375C a t t le & c a lv e s 50 125 75 2 0 ,0 0 0 50 ,185 3 0 ,1 8 5Wool & m ohair 1 1 1 ,0 0 0 1 ,0 0 0Sheep 8 12 4 350 525 175H id e s , s k in s &

p e l t s 2 2 1 ,0 0 0 1 ,0 0 0P o u lt r y & prod . 1 .5 1 .5 n .a . n .a .Meat 12 4 8 9 ,8 8 0 3 ,2 9 6 6 ,5 8 4

T o ta l 1 7 6 .0 9 4 7 .7 1 1 .0 7 8 2 .7 5 3 ,3 5 5 .5 1 6 8 ,3 5 3 . 6 ,9 5 9 1 2 1 ,9 5 6 .5

TABLE XE (cont.}Volume ( in 000 ' s o f sh o r t to n s ) Value ( in 0 0 0 's o f $ i>

G ross H et G ross Net

Commodityin ­

boundo u t­

boundin ­

boundo u t­

boundi n ­

boundo u t­

boundin ­

boundo u t­

bound

M anufactures and M isc e lla n e o u s P rod u cts

M otor v e h ic le s 30 30 5 8 ,0 0 0 5 8 ,5 0 0Motor f u e l 6 5 1 .1 6 5 1 .1 5 4 ,2 2 6 .8 5 4 ,2 2 6 .8P etro leu m p rod .

a . o . s . 530 530 1 3 ,5 1 8 1 3 ,5 1 8Cement 347 1 346 7 ,2 8 7 21 7 ,2 6 6E le c , e q u ip . ,

p a r ts &m ach inery 1 1 .5 .5 11 2 1 ,9 0 0 900 2 1 ,0 0 0

B ld g .m a te r ia l( e x c l . l b r . ) 26 1 25 5 ,2 0 0 200 5 ,0 0 0

F e r t i l i z e r s 23 4 .5 1 8 .5 n .a . n .a .C hem icals

n . o . s * 29 9 20 2 ,9 0 0 900 2 ,0 0 0Copper b l i s t e r s 3 -5 3 5 8 .5 355 760 7 8 ,7 6 0 7 8 ,0 0 0E x p lo s iv e s 10 24 14 3 ,0 0 0 7 ,2 0 0 4 ,2 0 0I c e 1 9 .5 8 .5 20 170 150P aper & p r o d . , 24 .2 2 3 .8 264 2 . 2 2 6 1 .8O ther p rod . 500 150 350 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 7 5 ,0 0 0 1 7 5 ,0 0 0

2 ,1 8 6 .1 5 5 8 .22 ,0 0 5 .4

3 7 7 .54 1 7 ,0 7 5 .8

163, 153.23 3 6 ,2 7 2 .6

T o ta l 8 2 ,3 5 0

TABLE ZI (cont.)Volume ( in OOP's o f sh o r t to n s ) ________ V alue ( in OOP's o f $ )

G ross N et G ross Neti n - o u t - i n - o u t - i n - o u t - i n - o u t -

Commodity bound bound bound bound bound bound bound bound

F o r e s t P rod u cts

Lumber & la t h Wooden p o s t s ,

180 1 5 7 .5 2 2 .5 1 1 ,3 6 0 1 0 ,5 0 0 860

p o le s & p i l i n g s 55 55 2 ,0 0 0 2 ,0 0 0

B oxes & c r a t e s 15 15 750 750M iso . f o r e s t r y -

p ro d . 72 15 57 3 ,0 0 0 500 2 ,5 0 0

T o ta l 307 1 8 7 .5 1 3 4 .5 15 1 6 ,3 6 0 1 1 ,7 5 0 5 ,3 6 0 750

GRANDTOTAL 5 ,4 3 8 .1 4 3 ,5 3 2 .2 4 0 ,3 6 1 .5 5 8 3 .6 9 5 .5 3 9 4 ,2 1 9 .5

2 ,2 6 7 .4 5 3 9 ,2 1 1 .4 ................. 3 4 9 ,7 3 5 .4

^ E stim a te * * N e g l ig ib le n . o . s . = n ot o th e rw ise s p e c i f i e dn .a . = n o t a v a i la b le

1 . U .S . Bureau o f M in es , o p . c i t . I n t e r s t a t e Commerce' Com m ission, op . c i t . A rizo n a Highway D epartm ent, o p . c i t . U .S . Departm ent o f A g r ic u ltu r e , T h eJ fed era l Crop and L iv e s to c k R ep o r tin g S e r v ic e f o r A r iz o n a .

CHAPTER Y II

CONCLUSION

A lthough A rizon a tr a d e w ith f o r e ig n c o u n tr ie s i s n e g ­

l i g i b l e , th e S t a t e com petes k e e n ly w ith o th e r c o u n tr ie s in

th e m in e r a l m arkets o f th e U n ited S t a t e s . The t a r i f f

p o l i c i e s o f our c o u n tr y , t h e r e f o r e , have an im portant b ea r­

in g on th e m in ing in d u s tr y o f A r izo n a , F avorab le tr a d e

agreem ents w ith o th e r n a t io n s in c e r ta in in s ta n c e s have had

an a d v erse e f f e c t on th e S t a t e ' s economy. T h is may be due

t o th e c o n c e n tr a t io n o f employment and c a p i t a l in a few in ­

d u s t r ie s in th e S t a t e , a s i t u a t io n w hich le a v e s A rizona

v u ln e r a b le to c y c l i c a l f lu c t u a t io n s and th e im pact o f

fo r e ig n c o m p e t it io n .

E xpansion o f th e m an u factu rin g and p r o c e s s in g in d u s ­

t r i e s app ears d e s i r a b l e . In many f i e l d s th e S ta te has abun­

dant r e s o u r c e s o f raw m a t e r ia ls , y e t l i t t l e has been done

t o d e v e lo p th e s e ad van tages more f u l l y .

Knowledge o f th e b a la n ce o f tra d e o f th e S ta te i s

u n c e r ta in due to i n s u f f i c i e n t a v a i la b le in fo r m a tio n f o r

m anu factu res and m is c e l la n e o u s p ro d u cts im p orted . C on sid er­

in g th e d a ta p r e se n te d e a r l i e r in t h i s d i s c u s s io n , i t i s

in d ic a te d th a t e x p o r ts o f th e S ta te exceed im p o rts in b o th

ton n age and v a lu e .

T o u r is t t r a f f i c i s a n o th er im p ortan t sou rce o f incom e

f o r A r izo n a . An e s t im a te d $ 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 i s g r o sse d annu­

a l l y from t h i s so u r c e .

The b a la n ce o f payment i s d i f f i c u l t t o a s c e r t a in .

F low o f in v e stm en ts by A rizon an s t o o u t - o f - s t a t e e n t e r p r is e s

and by n o n -r e s id e n ts t o A rizon a e n t e r p r is e s e n te r s th e p i c ­

tu r e , T h is f lo w i s a f f e c t e d by p r o f i t a b le n e s s o f th e S ta te *

in d u s tr ie s in com parison w ith o u t - o f - s t a t e and f o r e ig n in ­

v e s tm e n ts . The S ou th w estern s t a t e s 1 sh a re in th e t o t a l

income paym ents o f th e n a t io n in c r e a se d o n e - f i f t h from 1929

t o 1947 . Income from a l l so u r c e s o th e r th an govern m en ta l

advanced by a m arkedly la r g e r p r o p o r tio n in th e Sou thw est

than in th e co u n try a s a w h o le . As compared w ith th e na­

t i o n a l in c r e a s e o f 1 1 /3 , t o t a l income paym ents expanded

tw o -fo ld in A r izo n a . With a p o p u la t io n in c r e a s e o f o n ly

1 l / 2 over th e same p e r io d , t h i s in d ic a t e s a s u b s t a n t ia l2

in c r e a s e in t o t a l and p e r -c a p ita incom e. M oderate p ro ­

g r e s s toward i n d u s t r i a l i z a t i o n p a r t i a l l y a c c o u n ts fo r t h i s

exp an sion o f incom e.

In c r e a se d growth i n d u s t r i a l l y would im prove fu r th e r

th e income p o s i t i o n o f th e S t a t e ' s p o p u la t io n . T h is , in

tu r n , would mean more e f f i c i e n t u se o f t r a n s p o r ta t io n

I"! I n te r v ie w w ith Mr. W.B. C ham berlain , G rea ter A rizo n a , I n c . , P h o e n ix .

2 . U n ite d S t a t e s Departm ent o f Commerce, Survey o f C urrent B u s in e ss (W ashington , D .C .: U .S . . Departm ent o f Commerce, J u ly 1 9 4 9 ) .

47

f a c i l i t i e s and low er f r e ig h t c h a r g e s . I n d u s t r ia l d i v e r s i t y

would perm it more v a r ie d employment f o r a la r g e r la b o r

fo r c e and so h e lp t o s t a b i l i z e th e S t a t e ’s econom y.

'While th e b a la n ce o f paym ents i s d i f f i c u l t t o d e t e r ­

m ine, i t i s n o t l i k e l y t o become a d v e r se t o A rizon a so lo n g

a s th e r ic h n a tu r a l r e s o u r c e s a r e abundant and th e t o u r i s t

t r a f f i c t h r i v e s . However, th e r e i s need fo r prompt and de­

c i s i v e a c t io n by A rizon a b u s in e s s f irm s and govern m ental

b o d ie s to remove e x i s t i n g o b s t a c le s and o th e r w ise encou rage

th e lo c a t io n o f in d u s t r ie s w ith in th e S ta te in ord er t o

f o s t e r in d u s t r ia l grow th and p ro v id e employment fo r an ex ­

panding p o p u la t io n .

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Government P u b lic a t io n s

I n t e r s t a t e Commerce Com m ission, Bureau o f T ransp ort Econom­i c s and S t a t i s t i c s , S ta tem en t No. 0,-550 (SC S). W ashington , D .C .: Government P r in t in g O f f ic e , June 1 9 4 9 .

U n ited S t a t e s Bureau o f M ines, M in era ls Y earbook. W ashing­t o n , D .C .: Government P r in t in g O f f ic e , J u ly 1948 .

U n ited S t a t e s Departm ent o f A g r ic u ltu r e , Bureau o f A g r i­c u l t u r a l E conom ics, The Farm Income S i t u a t i o n . W ashington , D .C .: Government" P r in t in g O f f ic e , F ebruary 1 9 4 9 .

U n ited S t a t e s Departm ent o f A g r ic u ltu r e , Bureau o f A g r i­c u l t u r a l E conom ics, The F e d e r a l Crop and L iv e s to c k R ep o rtin g S e r v ic e f o r A r iz o n a . P h oen ix : U .S . D epart­ment o f Agriculture"," F eb ru ary 1949 .

U n ited S t a t e s Departm ent o f Commerce, Survey o f CurrentB u s in e s s . W ash ington , D . C. : U .S . Departm ent o f Com­m erce, J u ly 1 949 .

S ta te P u b lic a t io n s

A rizon a A g r ic u ltu r e . 1 9 4 9 . Tucson: U n iv e r s ity o f A rizon a Experim ent S t a t io n B u l le t in 220 , January 1949 .

A rizon a Highway D epartm ent, Highway P la n n in g S u rvey . P h oen ix : A rizon a Highway D epartm ent, I 94FI

Departm ent o f M in era l R e so u r c e s , Annual R ep o rt. P h oen ix : A rizon a S ta te Departm ent o f M in era l R e so u rc es . June 1 9 49 .

I n i t i a l R eport o f th e G overn or's I n d u s t r ia l D evelopm entCom m ittee ."R eport No. 1 . P h oen ix : Chamber o f CommA-rnA J u ly 1 5 , 1 9 4 9 .

49

P e r io d ic a l s

A rizon a A nnual, 1948 e d . P h oen ix: G rea ter A r iz o n a , I n c .

A rizon a Highways , November 1 9 4 8 . P h oen ix : A rizon a Highway D epartm ent.

A rizon a S t a t i s t i c a l R ev iew . 1948 e d . P h oen ix : V a l le y N a- tT o n a l Bank.

A rizon a Stockm an, January-F ebruary 1 9 4 9 . P h oen ix : J .F . F T n ter , P u b lis h e r .

Newspapers

A rizon a D a ily S ta r (T u cso n ), Septem ber 10 , 1949 .

In te r v ie w s

American S m e ltin g Company, T ucson .

Mr. W.B. C ham berlain, G reater A r izo n a , I n c . , P h o en ix .

Mr. C h arles H. D unning, D ir e c to r , Departm ent o f M ineral R e so u r c e s , S ta t e o f A r iz o n a , P h o e n ix .

Employment S e c u r ity Commission o f A r iz o n a , P h o en ix .

Graham Paper Company, T u cson .

Mr. M inton Moore, V a lle y N a t io n a l Bank, P h o e n ix .

M ulcahy Lumber Company, T u cson .

S h e l l O il Company, T u cson .

A lb e r t S t e i n f e ld Company, T u cson .

206530