Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood

8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood

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COMMON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES OF

CHILDHOOD



CHICKEN POX CHICKEN POX INCUBATION PERIOD:INCUBATION PERIOD:

13 ± 17 days

Varicella zost er viru sVaricella zost er viru s



CLINICAL PICTURE CLINICAL PICTURE SIGNS & SYMPTOMSSIGNS & SYMPTOMS : :

S ligh t f e ver, m alai s e, an o rexia

Ra s h is p ruri tic, b egin s a s m acule, then p a p ule, and then ve s icle with s ucce ss ive cr ops of all three st age sp re s en t a t any tim e

Ly mp haden op a thy

Ele va ted te mp era ture



TRANSMISSION DIRECT CONTACT

DROP LETS

PRAYCONTAMINATED ARTIC LES



Iso la tio n un til all ve s icle s are cru st ed

Comm unica b le f r om 2 day s b e fo re ra s h

Avo id u s e of Asp irin due to a sso cia tio n of its u s e with Reye¶ s s yndr om e

Us e Tylen o lTr op ical a pp lica tio n of C ala m ine lot io n o r

b aking so da b a th s

NURSING NURSING CONSIDERATIONS CONSIDERATIONS



Chicken po x Vaccine (Vari vax)

In the Uni ted S ta te s , children recei ve two d os e sof t he varicella vaccine ² t he f ir st b e tw een

age s 12 and 15 mo n th s and the s ec o nd b e tw een age s 4 and 6 year s ² a s p ar t of t he r o u tine childh oo d imm uni za tio n s chedule.

PREVENTION PREVENTION



DIPHTHERIADIPHTHERIA

INCUBATION PERIOD:INCUBATION PERIOD:

2 ± 5 day s



CLINICAL PICTURE CLINICAL PICTURE SIGNS & SYMPTOMS:

Re s e mb le s c ommo n c o ld

Low- grade f e ver, h o ar s ene ss , m alai s e,

P haryngeal lymp hadeni tis;

Charac teri st ic whi te/gray p haryngeal m e mb rane





Re sp ira to ry Dr op le ts

Direc t c o n tac t t hr o ugh a carrier

Co n tac t t hr o ugh c o n ta m ina tedar ticle s

TRANSMISSION



S tric t iso la tio n un til two s ucce ss ive nega tive n os e and thr o a t cul ture s are obt ained.

Comp le te b edre st .Wa tch fo r s ign s of re sp ira to ry di st re ss and

obst ruc tio n.

P r ov ide fo r hu m idi f ica tio n and s uc tio ning a sneeded ; s e vere ca s e s can lead to s e ps is and dea th.

Dip h theria an tito xin & an tib iot ic s are ad m ini st ered




` DT aP Vaccine - Th e dip hth eria, te tanus and per tussisvaccine is one of th e c h ildh ood immuniza tions th a t doc torsin th e Uni ted S ta tes recommend begin during infancy. Th evaccine consis ts of a series of five s h o ts, typically

adminis tered in th e arm or th igh , and is given to c h ildren a t ages:

` 2 mo n th s` 4 mo n th s`

6 mo n th s` 12 to 18 mo n th s` 4 to 6 year s



PERTUSSIS PERTUSSIS (Whooping Cough) (Whooping Cough)

INCUBATION PERIOD:5 ± 21 days, usually 10 days

bacterium Bordetella pertussis




Upp er re sp ira to ry in f ec tio n fo r 1 ± 2 w eek s

S e vere c o ugh with high -p itched ³w h oop ing´ so und, e sp ecially a tnigh t, la sts 4 ± 6 w eek s;

Vom iting



DIRECT CONTACT

DROP LET S PRAYCONTAMINATED ARTIC LES

TRANSMISSION



H osp itali za tio n fo r in f an ts; b edre st and hydra tio n

Comp lica tio n s: p neu mo nia, weigh t loss , dehydra tio n, he mo rrhage, hernia, air way obst ruc tio n

Main tain high hu m idi ty and re stf ul en vir o n m en t; s uc tio n




` DT aP Vaccine

`

2 mo n th s` 4 mo n th s` 6 mo n th s` 12 to 18 mo n th s` 4 to 6 year s



RUBELLARUBELLA(GERMAN MEASLES) (GERMAN MEASLES) INCUBATION PERIOD:INCUBATION PERIOD:

14 ± 21 days



CLINICAL PICTURE CLINICAL PICTURE

May b egin with 1-2 day s of m ild f e ver and swo llen, tender lymp h n o de s ,

u s ually in the b ack of t he neck o r b ehind the ear s .A ra s h then b egin s o n the f ace and

sp read s d ow n ward. As it sp read s , itu s ually clear s o n the f ace.

Thi s ra s h is oft en the f ir st s ign of illne ss t ha t a p aren t n ot ice s .



` Severe men tal re tarda tion` D eafness` Blindness (a trop h ic eyes, ca tarac ts and

ch oriore t initis)` Congeni tal h ear t disease and o th er

abnormali ties.



DROP LET S PREAD

CONTACT WITH CONTAMINATEDARTIC LES

TRANSMISSION



` R ubella is typically mild in kids, w h o of ten can becared for a t h ome.

` Fluids` T ylenol or ibuprofen for discomfor t



RUBEOLARUBEOLA(MEASLES) (MEASLES)


10 ± 20 days

Ru b e o la Viru s



` S IGN S & S YMPTOM S :

` 4 D ay f e ver ` Malai s e ` 3 C ¶s ± Co ugh, Co ry za (runny n os e) and Co njunc tivitis ( red Eye s )`

Kop lik¶s spots o n b uccal m uc os a` Ery the m a to u s m acul op a p ular ra s h w ith f ace f ir st a ff ec ted ; t urn s

b r ow n a fter 3 day s w hen s ymptoms s u bs ide



Iso la te un til 5 th day ; m ain tain b edre stduring f ir st 3 ± 4 day s .

In st itu te re sp ira to ry p recau tio n s .

An tip yre tic s , di m ligh ts; hu m idi f ier fo r r oom .

Kee p s kin clean and m ain tain hydra tio n.




` MMR Vaccine ± Immuniza tions h o t for measles, mumps, &rubella

` 1 s t s h o t recommended a t 15 -18mon th s

` 2nd

s h o t a t 4-6 years



SCARLET FEVER SCARLET FEVER


2 ± 4 days

S treptococcus pyogenes




H igh f e ver w ith vom iting, chill s , m alai s e, fo llow ed b y enlarged to n s ils c ov ered w ith exuda te

S tra wb erry to ngue

Ra s h -red tiny le s io n s t ha tb ec om e generali zed and then de sq ua m a te ; ra s h a pp ear sw ithin 24 hr s






An tibio ticsAce taminop h en or ibuprofen to h elp wi th th e fever

and body ac h esD rink warm liquids or cold drinks to ease th e pain of

th e sore th roa t .M ain tain room tempera ture a t 75 -80 degreesD ress pa tien t warmly and comfor tably



MONONUCLEOSIS MONONUCLEOSIS (KISSING·S DISEASE) (KISSING·S DISEASE)


4 ± 6 weeks

Epst ein -Barr viru s (EB V)



CLINICAL PICTURE CLINICAL PICTURE Malai s e, f e ver, enlarged lymp h n o de s , so re

thr o a t, f lu -like ache s , low- grade te mp era ture

H ighe st incidence 15 ± 30 year s o ld



DIRECT CONTACT WITH ORA L S ECRETION S

TRANSMISSION TRANSMISSION




Ad vis e f a m ily m e mb er s toa vo id c o n tac t w ith s ali va (cu ps , s ilver ware) fo r a bo u t 3mo n th s

Trea tm en t is re st and g oo d nu tri tio n ; st renu o u s exerci s e

is to b e a vo ided to p re ven tsp leen ru pt ure

Comp lica tio n s include ence p hali tis and sp leen

ru pt ure



MUMPS MUMPS


14 ± 21 days

Mu mps Viru s



CLINICAL PICTURE CLINICAL PICTURE

Malai s e H eadacheFe ver P ar ot id gland sw elling



NURSING NURSING CONSIDERATIONS CONSIDERATIONS Iso la tio n un til 9 day s a fter o n s e t of sw elling

S oft , b land die t



MMR Vaccine



Incuba tion Period2 D ays



` Vomi ting` Wa tery diarr h ea for 3 - 8 days` Fever ` A bdominal pain` D e h ydra tion



` IV fluids` T rea t fever wi th T ylenol or Ibuprofen



Rot arix Vaccine

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Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood