COMMON INJURIES IN THE TRAINING ROOMSports Medicine

Top Ten List• The top 10 most common injuries in the PLHS Athletic

Training Room:1. Muscle strain/spasm2. Finger/toe joint sprain3. Lateral ankle sprain4. Medial tibial stress syndrome ("shin splints")5. Rotator cuff tendonitis/fatigue6. Concussion7. Patellar maltracking (patellofemoral syndrome)8. Bone fracture9. Patellar tendonitis/Osgood-Schlatters10. IT band friction syndrome

Some Very Bad Sports Injuries• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1sJhdNP3_k

Muscular Injuries• Contusion

• Bruise• Caused by direct blow or force to the body• Blood pools under skin to the injury site

• Cramp• Involuntary contraction of muscle• Caused by dehydration, vigorous activity, lack of stretching, etc.

Contusion

Cramp

Muscular Injuries• Strain/Pull/Tear

• Over stretching/separation of muscle fibers• Caused by over exercising/poor warm up/lack of stretching• Recovery time depends on severity of strain

• Avulsion/Rupture• Complete tearing/ripping of muscle • Recovery time is very long

Muscle Strain/Pull/Tear

Muscle Avulsion

Soft Tissue Injuries• Incision

• A “cut”• Ex: broken glass, knife, sharp edge

• Laceration• Skin torn off

• Abrasion• Skin is rubbed or scraped off• Ex: road rash, rug burn, skinned knees, etc.

Soft Tissue Injuries

Incision Laceration

Soft Tissue Injury• Abrasion

Soft Tissue Injuries• Puncture wound

• Deep injury from object with small surface area• Ex: stepping on a nail

• Avulsion• Tearing away of tissue from the body• Ex: Losing the top of your finger or toe

• Blister• Small pocket of fluid within upper layers of skin• Caused by forcible rubbing/irritation

Soft Tissue Injury

Puncture Wound Avulsion

Soft Tissue Injury• Blister

Joint Injuries• Dislocation

• Abnormal separation of 2 bones that meet in a joint area• Caused by direct trauma (impact or a fall)• Ex: hips, shoulder, ankle, toes, fingers, etc.

• Sprain• Fibers of ligament tear (located at joint)• Ligament tears can vary in severity • Most Common = ankle and wrist

• Turf Toe• Sprain of big toe ligaments (at the joint)• Caused by jamming big toe or forcefully pushing off of the ball of

the foot

Joint Injuries• Shoulder Dislocation

Joint Injuries

Sprain Turf Toe

Skeletal Injuries• Closed/simple fracture

• A bone fracture that does not break through the skin

• Incomplete fracture• Bone breaks, but not completely into 2 pieces

• Complete fracture• Fracture goes completely through the bone• (Divides one bone into 2 pieces)

• **Simple fractures can be complete or incomplete fractures

Skeletal Injuries• Complete Fracture

Skeletal Injuries• Compound/open fracture

• A fracture where the bone breaks through the skin

• Stress fracture• Caused from too much constant weight or pressure being placed

on the bone

• Avulsion fracture• A small piece of bone is completely broken off• Usually happens at site of ligament or tendon attachment

• Shin Splints• Too much stress placed on tibia (shin bone)• Tiny fractures combined with irritated, swollen muscles

Skeletal Injuries

Compound Fracture Stress Fracture

Skeletal Injuries

Avulsion Fracture Shin Splints

Head Injuries• Concussion

• Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)• Caused by direct hit, fall, or even whiplash-like motion

• Concussions can be mild with minimal symptoms OR they can be severe with PERMANENT symptoms

Head Injuries• Concussion 101• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCCD52Pty4A

• Heads Up Football• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMFGk926Cj0

• E60 Unprotected: Need for Helmets in Girls Lacrosse

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJ4tlOIo4A8

Video Clips• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9QTCBrefXso

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kp9TQA9gGt8

Tendon Injuries

*REMEMBER: Tendons connect muscle to bone!!

• Tendonitis• Tendonosis• Tendon Strain/Pull• Tendon Rupture

Knee-Specific Injuries• Meniscus• Ligament• Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Misc. Injuries• Bursitis• Heat Exposure/Illness• Compartment Syndrome• Impingement syndrome• Back Pain• Herniated Disc• IT Band Syndrome• Sciatica