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Common Septic System Installation
MistakesInspection Tips for Health Agents
Chris Sparages, P.E.Principal at Williams & Sparages LLC
Learning Objectives
• Review Title 5 Regulations Governing the Design, Construction, Repair, and Replacement of On-Site Sewage Disposal Systems
• Understand What to Look For When a Septic System is Under Construction
Chris Sparages, P.E.
• Registered Professional Civil Engineer in Massachusetts
• Over 25 years of Experience working for Civil Engineering Firms, specializing in Civil/ Site Design
• B.S. in Civil Engineering from Worcester Polytechnic Institute
• M.S. in Civil Engineering from Northeastern University
• Approved Soil Evaluator since 1998
Williams & Sparages LLC
• Co-Founded Williams & Sparages LLC in 2010
• Today we are 20 Strong
• Professional Engineers
• Professional Land Surveyors
• Registered Sanitarians & Approved Soil Evaluators
• Professional Wetland Scientists
• Great Support Staff and Interns
Williams & Sparages LLC
•Residential & Commercial Development Projects
•Primarily in the Private Sector
•We Design Many Types of Septic Systems
Septic System Design
• Conventional Pipe and Stone Systems
• Pump Systems
• Pressure Dosed Systems
• Innovative/ Alternative Technology Systems
• After a Septic System is Approved it now must be Installed, so we head to the field
Septic System Construction
•A quick word on Bottom of Bed Inspections
•Building Sewers
•Septic Tanks & Pump Chambers
•Distribution Boxes (D-Boxes)
•Soil Absorption System (SAS)
Building Sewer• Title 5 Defines a Building Sewer as “a pipe which begins
outside the inner face of a building wall and extends to an on-site septic system or a municipal or private sewer.”
Building Sewer
• Title 5 has requirements for Building Sewers.
• It must be sufficient to serve the connected fixtures and cannot be less than 4-inches in diameter.
• You must maintain a 10-foot separation between a building sewer and a water service.
• It must be laid on a compacted, firm base.
Building Sewer
• Title 5 has requirements for Building Sewers.
• It must provide for a minimum velocity of 2 feet/ second for the wastewater flow.
• This is achieved when laying a 4-inch pipe at a slope of at least 1 percent (1/8 of an inch per foot).
• A 2 percent slope is preferred (1/4 of an inch per foot).
Building Sewer
• Title 5 has requirements for Building Sewers.
• Sections must be laid in a straight line.
• When changing direction or where two sewers meet, a manhole, sweeping bend, or cleanout is required.
• They must be vented through a vent stack in the building.
• They must also comply with the State Plumbing Code.
Building Sewer
Building
Sewer at
Foundation
Riser Section Atop
Septic Tank
Septic Tank
Building Sewer
Manhole Riser Section
with Manhole Frame
and Cover
Inlet Tee Inside
Septic Tank
Building Sewer
Enters the Septic
Tank
Building Sewer
Building Sewer at
Foundation
Gap under the Pipe
Septic Tank
Building Sewer
Building Sewer at
Foundation
Gap under the PipeSeptic Tank
Septic Tanks
• 310 CMR 15.233
• Title 5 has requirements for Septic Tanks.
• 6-inches of crushed stone under the Tank
• The liquid depth from the outlet tee to the bottom of tank must be a minimum of 4-feet
• Risers required when Septic Tank is buried more than 9-inches
• Must be water tight
Septic Tanks
Access
CoverOutlet Pipe
Building
Sewer
Septic Tanks
Septic Tank
Access
Opening
Inlet Tee
Septic Tanks
Outlet Pipe
Outlet Tee
with Effluent
Filter
2-Compartment
Tank Baffle Wall
2-Compartment
Septic Tank
Tee at Baffle Wall
Septic Tanks
Riser Section
Septic Tank
Riser Section
Septic Tanks
Effluent Filter
Outlet Tee
ready to
receive
Effluent Filter
Access Cover
Septic Tank
Tee at Baffle Wall
Septic Tanks
Valve Pit
Pump
Chamber
2-Compartment
Septic Tank
Manhole Riser
Sections with Frame
and Water Tight
Cover at Surface
Distribution Boxes (D-Box)
• 310 CMR 15.232
• Title 5 has requirements for D-Boxes.
• 6-inches of crushed stone under the D-Box
• Distribution Lines leading from the D-Box Must be at the same elevation
• Risers required when D-Box is buried more than 9-inches
• Velocity of influent must be controlled (>8% slope or when being dosed)
Distribution Boxes (D-Box)
Septic Tank
D-Box
Distribution Boxes (D-Box)
Inlet Pipe
Outlet Pipe
Speed
Leveler
Grout Pipes where
they pass through
D-Box
Plug Unused
Openings
Distribution Boxes (D-Box)
Outlet Pipe
6-inches crushed
stone under D-Box
Cultec Chamber
Distribution Boxes (D-Box)
Inlet Pipe
Inlet Tee
Speed
Leveler
Distribution Boxes (D-Box)
Outlet Pipe
Baffle
Wall
Inlet Pipe
Distribution Boxes (D-Box)
Outlet Pipe
Speed
Leveler
HDPE D-Box
Magnetic
Tape
Distribution Boxes (D-Box)
HDPE D-Box
HDPE Riser Sections
Distribution Boxes (D-Box)
D-Box
D-Box Riser Section
& Frame for Cover
Distribution Boxes (D-Box)
Septic Tank
Light Duty Cover
over D-Box
Distribution Boxes (D-Box)
Pipes
Grouted
Outlet Pipes
Plug Holes not
being used
Heavy Duty
Cover (H-20)
Soil Absorption Systems (SAS)
• 310 CMR 15.240
• Title 5 has requirements for SAS.
• 4-feet of naturally occurring pervious soil
• Venting to the atmosphere under impervious surfaces
• Final Grading must slope away from the SAS
• Minimum of 1 Inspection Port Required
• Title 5 Sand required for filling to grade
Soil Absorption Systems (SAS)
Septic
System
Trench
Larger Washed
Stone Covered
with Peastone
Inspection
Port
Soil Absorption Systems (SAS)
Septic System
Trench
Larger Washed
Stone Covered
with Peastone
Inspection
Port
Septic System
Vent
Vent Header
Pipe
Soil Absorption Systems (SAS)
Distribution
Pipe
SAS in Field
ConfigurationInspection
Port
Septic System
Vent
D-Box
Soil Absorption Systems (SAS)
Cut off trench
Grade Drops off
Necessitating
the Barrier and
WallImpermeable
Barrier
SAS just out of
View
Soil Absorption Systems (SAS)
Cut off trench
Grade Drops off
Necessitating
the Barrier and
Wall
Impermeable
Barrier
SAS just out of
View
Soil Absorption Systems (SAS)
Header Pipe for
Vent
Inspection Port
SAS in Field
Configuration
Using Cultec
Chambers
Soil Absorption Systems (SAS)
D-Box
Pipe from Septic
Tank
SAS in Field
Configuration
with Pipe and
Stone
Filter Fabric
Ready to Cover
Field as an
Alternate to
Peastone
Soil Absorption Systems (SAS)
Lateral Piping
for Pressure
Distribution
SAS in Field
Configuration
with Pipe and
StoneInspection Port/
Valve
Squirt Test
Underway
Soil Absorption Systems (SAS)
Inspection Port
SAS in Field
Configuration
Using Cultec
ChambersD-Box
Magnetic
Marking Tape
As-built Checklist Form
Summary/ Recommendations
• Title 5 discusses the design, construction, repair, and replacement of on-site sewage disposal systems in great detail (KNOW THE CODE).
• Don’t be afraid to ask questions, installers and engineers have a lot of experience.
• Document your observations with field notes and photographs.
• Be sure to follow up with installers to confirm that missing items have been addressed.
Common Septic System Installation
MistakesInspection Tips for Health Agents
Chris Sparages, P.E.Principal at Williams & Sparages LLC