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Communicable Diseases:Communicable Diseases: Combat ThemCombat Them

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Ways to Ways to Prevent Prevent Communicable DiseasesCommunicable Diseases

How How CommunicableCommunicable Diseases are SpreadDiseases are Spread

Communicable DiseasesCommunicable Diseases

Noncommunicable Noncommunicable Diseases: An OverviewDiseases: An Overview

MCSHS

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroductionCommunicable DiseasesCommunicable DiseasesCommunicable DiseasesCommunicable DiseasesCausesCausesCausesCauses

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

For happy living, it is necessary to remain healthy and free from any diseases. However,

you must have seen people suffering from diseases. Do you know that a disease, if prolonged, may also result in death?

Diseases may be the result of infection in the body such as typhoid or chickenpox, or they may be related to the physiology of the body

such as hypertension and diabetes.

A disease is an illness that affects the body and mind. It is a state of

discomfort in which the normal functioning of the body is disturbed.

It can cause great harm on the individual.

Communicable diseases are illnesses that can be transferred or passed on from one person to another. They are

caused by germs that get into the body cells and produce waste products that are poisonous,

resulting in infection.

Among the germs that can cause diseases are bacteria, viruses, fungi

and protozoa:

Bacteria – are tiny one-celled organisms that

grow anywhere

Viruses – are the smallest and simplest forms of life. They are

the most common causes of communicable diseases.

Fungi – are simple life forms that cannot make

their own food.

Protozoa – are simple, animal-like organisms

Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases are

contagious. They can be transmitted by skin contact,

through body fluids, in contaminated food or drink via airborne particles containing

microorganisms.

Common Communicable

Diseases

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MCSHS Common Communicable

Diseases

Colds - most common communicable disease caused by a hundred different viruses-They are spread through air and water, and through contact with someone who is a carrier- colds are already contagious the first day a symptom appears

Pneumonia-is a serious disease of lungs that can be caused by either bacteria or viruses- the air sacs in the lungs are filled with fluid and dead white blood cells rather than air - this causes difficulty in breathing

Influenza or Flu-a serious illness caused by viruses- this lowers the body’s resistance to bacterial infection

Mononucleosis-or the “kissing disease” - a disease common among young people caused by a virus that results in a high number of white blood cells in the body- it is passed on through direct contact, such as kissing

Hepatitis-a disease that involves the swelling of the liver- there are two main kinds of hepatitis: hepatitis A and hepatitis B

Malaria-caused by protozoa through the bites of mosquitoes- symptoms of this disease include chilling, high fever and headache

Cholera- caused by bacteria which usually infect a person as he drinks water which contains feces or solid waste of people or eats food which had been washed with contaminated water

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)-a deadly disease that interferes with the body’s natural ability to fight infection- it is caused by a virus known as the human immune deficiency virus or HIV.- it is a very serious disease that leads to death but can be prevented

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MCSHS How Communicable Diseases are

Spread

by AIR- persons who cough

or sneeze spread germs through the air

AirAirAirAir PeoplePeoplePeoplePeople AnimalsAnimalsAnimalsAnimalsWater and FoodWater and FoodWater and FoodWater and Food

through PEOPLE- direct contact with a

person who is infected with the virus

through contact with ANIMALS- through insect bites such

as those of mosquitoes and bites from infected animals

through contaminated WATER and FOOD

- microorganisms such as bacteria and protozoa thrive in water

MCSHS Ways to Prevent Communicable

Diseases

1. Consult your primary care physician to ensure that all children and adults in your family are up-to-date on immunizations. If not, schedule the appropriate appointments to receive the needed shots. If you don't have a primary care physician, contact your local health clinic.

2. Wash your hands often, including after using the bathroom, changing a diaper, before and after eating, after sneezing or blowing your nose and after playing with a pet. Use antibacterial soap and warm to hot water, and wash your hands and exposed areas of your arm vigorously for at least 20 seconds.

3. Follow food safety rules and use food thermometers to make sure red meat and other foods are cooked to the proper temperature. Wash foods, such as apples and potatoes, before eating and avoid leaving food at room temperature in order to prevent bacteria from growing.

4. Avoid sharing personal items such as brushes, toothbrushes and combs. Do not drink out of others' cups or share eating utensils.

5. Cover open sores and wounds with a bandage and antibacterial gel. Wash your hands before and after handling the wound.

6. Remain healthy by following a nutritious diet, exercising regularly and getting plenty of rest. A healthy immune system will aid in preventing the spread of communicable diseases.

Noncommunicable Diseases

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroductionNoncommunicable DiseasesNoncommunicable DiseasesNoncommunicable DiseasesNoncommunicable Diseases

MCSHS

A non-communicable

disease, or NCD, is a medical condition or disease which is

non-infectious.

Noncommunicable diseases like heart attack,

hypertension, stroke, cancer, diabetes are not transferable.

They are caused by malfunctioning and abnormal conditions of the body. These

diseases are considered lifestyle diseases.

Heart attack, results from the interruption of blood supply to

a part of the heart, causing heart cells to die. It is the leading cause of death for

both men and women worldwide.  

Hypertension (HTN) or high blood pressure, sometimes arterial

hypertension, is a chronic  medical condition in which the blood

pressure in the arteries is elevated. This requires the heart to work harder than normal to circulate

blood through the blood vessels.

Stroke is a medical emergency, it happens when blood flow to your

brain stops. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die.

Here are some common non-communicable diseases

that can cause death, dysfunction, or impairment in

the quality of life

Cancer is a disease caused by an

uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body.

Diabetes is a disorder of a metabolism

marked by excessive discharge of urine and

persistent thirst

Asthma is a respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. It usually results from an allergic reaction or other

forms of hypersensitivity

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Non - Communicable

Diseases

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HEART ATTACKHEART ATTACK HYPERTENSIONHYPERTENSION STROKESTROKE

DIABETESDIABETES

Communicable diseases are also known as infectious

diseases. It can be contagious and can spread from one

person to another.

Difference . . .

Noncommunicable diseases are diseases which are not

contagious, thus, they are considered as lifestyle diseases.

Additional Information . . .

Noncommunicable diseases have overtaken communicable diseases as major health

problems. As reported by the Department of Health (DOH) and World Health Organization (WHO), the three leading causes of death in

this era are cancer, heart disease and circulatory diseases. Many people have died

of these diseases due to the lifestyle they have chosen to live.

Thus the keys to protect oneself from acquiring such chronic

diseases are PREVENTION and HEALTHY HABITS.

Causes of Death Worldwide: Estimates for 1999 (in thousands)

Total Deaths 55,965

Communicable Diseases 17,380 (31%)Non-Communicable Diseases 33,484 (59.8%)Injuries 5,101 (9.1%)Cardiovascular Diseases 16,970 (30.3%)Cancers 7,065 (12.6%)Respiratory Diseases 3,575 (6.4%)Digestive Diseases 2,409 (3.7%)Neuropsychiatric Disorders 911 (1.6%)Genitourinary Diseases 900 (1.6%)

SOURCE: Adapted from The World Health Report 2000: Health Systems: improving performance. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2000.

Made Possible By:

MSCHS

Diane Mae Infante

Bea Samantha PatrimonioAiona Bridget Bulanon

Anna Marie Obeso Jason Roy Tecson