SARDAR RAJA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

B.E. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

MICRO LESSON PLAN

SUBJECT NAME : COMMUNICATION ENGINEERINGSUBJECT CODE : EE54YEAR / SEM : THIRD YEAR / VBRANCH : EEE

Handled ByMr.V.KALIMUTHU

Lecturer / ECEE-MAILID:v.kalimuthuamutha@gmail.com

EE54 COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING L T P C3 0 0 3

AIMTo introduce the concepts of communication systems engineering using wire andwireless mediumOBJECTIVESTo introduce different methods of analog communication and their significanceTo introduce Digital Communication methods for high bit rate transmissionTo introduce the concepts of source and line coding techniques for enhancing rating oftransmission of minimizing the errors in transmission.To introduce MAC used in communication systems for enhancing the number of users.To introduce various media for digital communication1. ANALOG COMMUNICATION 9AM Frequency spectrum vector representation power relations generation of AM DSB, DSB/SC, SSB, VSB AM Transmitter & Receiver; FM and PM frequencyspectrum power relations : NBFM & WBFM, Generation of FM and DM, Amstrongmethod & Reactance modulations : FM & PM frequency.2. DIGITAL COMMUNICATION 9Pulse modulations concepts of sampling and sampling theormes, PAM, PWM, PPM,PTM, quantization and coding : DCM, DM, slope overload error. ADM, DPCM, OOKsystems ASK, FSK, PSK, BSK, QPSK, QAM, MSK, GMSK, applications of Datacommunication.3. SOURCE CODES, LINE CODES & ERROR CONTROL (Qualitative only) 9Primary communication entropy, properties, BSC, BEC, source coding : Shaum, Fao,Huffman coding : noiseless coding theorum, BW SNR trade off codes: NRZ, RZ, AMI,HDBP, ABQ, MBnB codes : Efficiency of transmissions, error control codes andapplications: convolutions & block codes.4. MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES 9SS&MA techniques : FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, SDMA application in wire and wirelesscommunication : Advantages (merits) :

5. SATELLITE, OPTICAL FIBER POWERLINE, SCADA 9Orbits : types of satellites : frequency used link establishment, MA techniques used insatellite communication, earth station; aperture actuators used in satellite Intelsat andInsat: fibers types: sources, detectors used, digital filters, optical link: power linecarrier communications: SCADA

TOTAL : 45 PERIODSTEXT BOOKS1.Taub & Schiling Principles of communication systems Tata McGraw hill 20072.J.Das Principles of digital communication New Age International, 1986REFERENCES1. Kennedy and Davis Electronic communication systems Tata McGraw hill, 4thedition, 1993.2. Sklar Digital communication fundamentals and applications Pearson Education,20013. Bary le, Memuschmidt, digital Communication, Kluwer Publication, 2004.4. B.P.Lathi Modern digital and analog communication systems Oxford University

Press, 1998.

S.NO WEEKNO TOPICT/ R

BOOKNO

PAGE.NO A/ V CLASS

UNIT I ANALOG COMMUNICATION1.

I

Introduction About the subject T1 1 to 102. AM Frequency spectrum vectorrepresentation power relations T1 144 to 147 Yes

3. generation of AM DSB, DSB/SC T1 147 to 163 Yes4. SSB T1 163 to 1715. VSB T1 171 to 1756.

II

AM Transmitter T1 178 to 1827. AM Receiver T1 182 to 1858. FM and PM frequencyspectrum power relations T1 195 to 207 Yes

9. NBFM T1 209 to 21010. WBFM T1 210 to 21311. Generation of FM and PM T1 213 to 215

12. AmstrongMethod and Reactance modulations T1 215 to 217

13. FM & PM frequency and all type problem T1 217 to 227UNIT II - DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

14.

III

Pulse modulations concepts of sampling T1 237 to 24215. sampling theormes T1 242 to 24516. PAM T1 247 to 257

17. PWM, PPM,PTM T1 257 to 260

18. quantization and coding T1 260 to 284 Yes19.

IV

DCM T1 284 to 28920. DM, slope overload error T1 289 to 292 Yes21. ADM T1 292 to 29722. DPCM T1 284 to 289

23. OOKsystems R3 310,314 to 316

24.

V

ASK, FSK T1 346 to 38125. PSK, BSK, QPSK, QAM, MSK, GMSK T1 321 to 346 Yes

26. applications of Datacommunication T1 381 to 390 Yes

UNIT III - SOURCE CODES, LINE CODES & ERROR CONTROL (Qualitative only)27.

VIPrimary communication entropy, properties T1 627 to 632 Yes

28. BSC, BEC T1 650 to 66129. source coding : Shaum, Fao T1 632 to 634

30.

VII

Huffman coding : noiseless coding theorum T1 634 to 639 Yes31. BW SNR trade off codes: T1 639 to 64032. BW SNR trade off codes: T1 639 to 64033. NRZ, RZ, T1 274 to 278

34. AMI,HDBP, ABQ, MBnB codes R3 277 to 281

35.VIII

Efficiency of transmissions T1 640 to 647

36. Error control codes andapplications: convolutions & block codes. T1 647 to 697

UNIT IV - MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES37.

IXSS&MA techniques R3 767 to 768

38. FDMA R3 788 to 79039. TDMA R3 772 to 77740.

X

CDMA R3 790 to 79341. SDMA application in wire R3 793 to 795 Yes

42. Wireless communication : Advantages(merits) : R3 812 to 815

UNIT V SATELLITE, OPTICAL FIBER POWERLINE, SCADA43.

XI

Orbits : types of satellites T1 815 to 816 Yes

44.frequency used link establishment, MAtechniques used insatellite communication

T1 816 to 818 Yes

45. Earth station; aperture actuators used insatellite T1 816 to 817

46.

XII

Intelsat andInsat: fibers R1 709 to 716 Yes

47. Types: sources, detectors used, digitalfilters R1 717 to 719 Yes

48. Optical link: R1 719 to 72149. Power line carrier communications: SCADA R1 722 to 731

Assignment 1

1. Explain about the problems encountered at the receiver when two radio stations are transmittingdifferent signals at same frequency.

2. Explain about the different types of modulation (draw that chart).3. Write how frequency translation takes place & show the two sidebands?4. Write and explain the need/advantage of modulation.5. Explain about generation of DSBSC signal by balanced modulator.6. Find out the Carrier power, sideband power and total power of an AM Signal.7. An audio frequency signal 10Sin(2 * 500)t is used to amplitude modulate a carrier of 50Sin(2 *

105)t. Calculate.1. Modulation index 2. Sideband frequencies 3.Amplitude of each sidebandfrequency 4. Bandwidth required 5. Transmission efficiency.

8. A 1000 Khz carrier signal is simultaneously modulated with 300Hz, 800Hz, 1Khz audio sine wave.What will be frequencies present in the output?

9. Define modulation index and percentage of modulation.10. Compare Continuous wave and pulse modulation techniques.

Assignment 2

11. Discuss with suitable diagram the demodulation of AM wave.12. List an advantage that a double sideband, suppressed carrier communication system has over a

double sideband, full carrier communication system.13. List an advantage that a double sideband, full carrier communication system has over a double

sideband suppressed carrier communication system.14. Explain how SSB signal is generated and draw the waveform of SSB signal.15. Explain about the detection of SSB signal and discuss briefly about effect of phase and frequency

error in the locally generated carrier at the receiver.16. Compare the transmission efficiency, Bandwidth of SSB, DSBFC, DSBSC signal.

Assignment 3

1. Explain frequency modulation. Derive the expression for NBFM & extend it for tone modulation.2. Draw the block dig of NBFM generation & Explain.

3. Derive the expression for wideband fm signal & plot its spectrum.4. What is Carsons rule? explain briefly.5. Show that equation given below is a combination of AM & FM signal. n(t) = cos( 2106 ) + 0.2 cos [

2 ( 106 +103 ) ]6. A angle modulated signal with carrier frequency ( 2 * 105 ) is described by the equation S(t) = 10

cos ( wct + 5 sin 3000t + 10 sin 2000t ) . Find the frequency deviation. Find the deviation ratio. Findthe bandwidth.

7. Explain Armstrong method of FM generation.8. Explain capture effect.9. Explain FM generation by Parameter variation method.10. Differentiate between Narrowband FM & Wideband FM; FM & PM;AM & FM.

Assignment 4

11. What is the need for premphasis & Demphasis in FM?12. In FM as the modulation index increases the required bandwidh also increases why?13. A 20 Mhz carrier is frequency modulated by a sinusoidal signal such that the peak frequency

deviation is 100khz.Determine the modulation Index & approximate the BW of FM signal ifmodulationg signal frequency is 50 KHz.

14. Draw the Phasor dig of NBFM signal.15. Define BPSK,BFSK & draw BPSK,BFSK waveform for the data 10110.16. Draw the Signal space representation of BPSK & BFSK signals.17. Differentiate between BPSK & BFSK.18. Write the expression for BPSK & BFSK & draw the spectrun for both.19. For a BPSK system in which the input data rate is 20 Mbps & the carrier frequency is

100MHz,Draw the frequency spectrum & Calculate the BW of BPSK signal.20. Explain the Generation & Detection of BPSK & BFSK signaling system.

Assignment 5

1. Derive Quantization noise power for uniform Quantization and extend the Derivation to Find outMaximum signal to Quantization noise ratio.

2. Write notes on DPCM,DM,ADM3. What is companding ? explain.4. Describe the necessity of nonuniform quantization.5. Write down the advantage & limitation of Digital communication system.6. Why shape of cell is hexagonal.7. Explain the frequency reuse concept.If the cluster size is 7 what is frequency reuse factor?8. Is frequency reuse is essential in mobile telephony? How it differ from frequency assignment.9. Explain why downlink frequency is less than uplink frequency.10. In what respect the transponder & Earth station of a satellite communication system differ?11. Explain the different types of antennas mounted in Satellite.12. Explain different types of services available through satellite.13. Draw the block dig & Explain the Operation of Fibre optic communication system.14. How Fibre optic communication system differs from Other communication systems.15. Advantages of Fibre optic communication system.

MAXIMUM POSSIBLE QUESTIONS

1. ANALOG COMMUNICATIONPART A

1. Define amplitude Modulation.2. Define Modulation index and percent modulation for an AM wave.3. Define Low level Modulation.4. Define High level Modulation.5. What is the advantage of low level modulation?6. Distinguish between low level and high level modulation.7. Define image frequency.8. Define Local Oscillator tracking.9. Define High side injection tracking.10. Define Low side injection tracking.11. Define tracking error.How it is reduced.12. Define image frequency rejection ratio.13. Define Heterodyning.14. What are the disadvantages of conventional (or) double side band full carrier system?15. Define Single sideband suppressed carrier AM.16. Define AM Vestigial sideband.17. What are the advantages of single sideband transmission?18. What are the disadvantages of single side band transmission?22. Define frequency deviation.23. State Carson rule.

PART-B

1. Derive the expression for AM & its Power and Efficiency calculation:2. Describe the generation of AM wave by Non-Linear modulators3.Write short notes on De Modulation of AM wave:4. Compare Phase shift method and modified Phase shift method5. Explain the Narrow Band Frequency Modulation6. Explain in detail about super heterodyne receiver.

7. Explain in detail about AM modulator circuits.8.Explain the modulation and demodulation process of AM wave .9.Describe the operation of frequency division multiplexing.10.With the help of neat block diagram , explain the functioning of a superheterodyne receiver. State itssignificance over the TRF receivers.

2. DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONPART A

1. What are the advantages of digital transmission?2. Define maximum usable frequency ?3. What are the disadvantages of digital transmission?4. Define pulse code modulation.5. What is the purpose of the sample and hold circuit?6. What is the Nyquist sampling rate?7. Define and state the causes of fold over distortion.8. Define overload distortion.9. Define quantization.10. Define dynamic range.11. Define coding efficiency.12. Define companding.13. Define slope overload. How it is reduced.14. Define granular noise.How it is reduced.15. Define adaptive delta modulation.16. Define peak frequency deviation for FSK.17. Define modulation index for FSK.18. Define bit rate.19. Define Baud rate.20. Define QAM.

Part B

1. What is companding ? What it is used ? Why it is preferable to quantize with tapered steps ?2. Explain in details about pulse position modulation.3. Discuss in detail , the principle , reception , geometrical representation and spectrum of BPSK

modulation .?4. With a neat diagram , explain in detail about Frequency Shift keying .5. Explain in detail about BPSK. State merits and demerits of BPSK.6. Explain in detail about QPSK.7. Explain in detail about FSK.8. Explain in detail about 8 phase PSK.9. Explain the operation of PCM transmission system with neat block diagram.10. Explain the operation of binary phase shift keying.

3. SOURCE CODES, LINE CODES & ERROR CONTROL (Qualitative only)

PART -A

1. Define Signal.2. Define entropy.3. Define mutual information.4. Give the relation between the different entropies.5. Define information rate.6. What is data compaction?7. State the property of entropy.8. What is differential entropy?9. What is the channel capacity of a discrete signal?10. What is source coding and entropy coding?11. Define transmission line.12. Define balanced transmission line.13. Define unbalanced transmission line.

14. Define reflection coefficient.15. Define matched line.16. Define unmatched line.17. Define standing wave.18. Define standing wave ratio.19. Define Huffman Coding algorithm20. State and prove the properties of mutual information.21. what is the vertical redundancy checking ?22. Differentiate error detection from error correction ?23. What is the channel capacity of a BSC and BEC?

PART B

1. List three kinds of errors detection codes and explain in details how they detect data errors.2. Explain the procedure for decoding liner block codes with and examples.3. How is the efficiency of the coding technique measured?4. Find the channel capacity of binary erasure channel P (x1 ) = a5. Calculate the capacity of a gaussian channel.6. Explain the different types of channel.7. State and prove the properties of mutual information.8. Explain the procedure of Shannon Fano Coding Algorithm and Huffman

4. MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES

PART A

1. What is CDMA digital cellar standard (IS 95)?2. State certain access technologies used in mobile satellite communication systems.3. Write some features of TDMA?4. Write some features of CDMA?5. What is near-far effect in wireless network?6. Define FDMA7. Define CDMA8. Define SDMA

9. Define FDMA10. Define multiple access11. What is the difference between Multiple access and multiplexing12. Compare CDMA and FDMA13. compare CDMA and SDMA14. What is cellular radio15. Define Frequency hand off16. Define multi path propagation17. Define Doppler shift18. Define GSM and IS-9519. Draw the frame structure of GSM20. Draw the block diagram of RAKE receiver21. What is source coding of speech? List the types of Predictive coding

PART-B

1. Discuss the multiplexing techniques.2. What are the characteristics of speech that enable speech coding?3. Discuss the criteria used for choosing speech codecs for a mobile communication system.4. Differentiate between waveform coders and vocoders with examples.5. List the difference between SDMA/TDMA/FDMA/CDMA6. Draw the block diagram of a LPC coding system and explain the different types of LPC used for

wireless systems7. Explain spread spectrum with its types.8. Explain about the TDMA.9. Why CDMA is needed and explain it with an example?10. Discuss the salient features of FDMA and TDMA techniques.11. If a normal GSM time slot consists of 6 trailing bits, 8.25 guard bits, 26 training

bits and 2 traffic bursts of 58 bits of data, find the frame efficiency.12. Explain the concept of CDMA. What are its merits and demerits?13. Explain the TDMA frame structure and derive the efficiency of a TDMA

system.

5. SATELLITE, OPTICAL FIBER POWERLINE, SCADA

PART - A

1. Define satellite.2. State Keplers first law.3. State Keplers second law.4. State Keplers third law.5. Define orbital satellite.6. Define prograde orbit.7. Define retrograde orbit.8. Define Geo synchronous satellite.9. Define apogee and perigee.10. Define angle of inclination.11. Define Decending node.12. Define ascending node.13. Define line of nodes.14. Define angle of elevation.15. Define Azimuth angle.16. What are the advantages of optical fiber communication?17. Define a fiber optic system.18. Define refractive index.19. Define single mode and multi mode propagation.20. Define acceptance angle.21. Define numerical aperture.22. Define modal dispersion.23. What are the advantages of heterojunction LEDs?24. What are the disadvantages of injection laser diode?

PART B

1. Explain in detail about geosynchronous satellite. State its advantages anddisadvantages.

2. Explain the fiber splicing techniques with necessary diagrams3. Briefly describe the operation of a light emitting diode.4. Explain different satellite orbits with suitable diagrams.5. Explain operation of common satellite with satellite block diagrams6. Explain the function of satellite earth station with suitable block diagrams.7. Describe the applications of satellite.8. Explain different types of optical fiber cables.9. Explain different optical transmitters and receivers.10. Explain different fiber optic data communication system.