Community-Based Distribution of DMPA in Malawi

Margot FahnestockFutures Group

September 30, 2009

Presentation Outline

1. Context for CBD of DMPA in Malawi

2. From Debate to Policy Decision

3. Implementation

4. Future Directions

1. Context for CBD of DMPAin Malawi

Malawi

More About Malawi

• Bordered by Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia

• 14% urban, 86% rural population• Decentralized government, with 28 districts • Predominantly Christian population

(approximately 80%)

Family Planning in Malawi

• Malawi has been a success story in sub-Saharan Africa• Country enjoys strong policy environment for family

planning; included in:– Reproductive Health Policy– Reproductive Health Strategy– Road Map for Accelerating

Reduction of Maternal Mortality

• According to MICS, CPR has increased but fertility still high. . .

Making the Case for CBD of DMPA in Malawi

• By 2010, Malawi’s RH strategy aims to:– Reduce TFR to 4.9– Increase modern CPR to 40%

• Fertility rates are still very high• Rural access to health centers is challenging• Health centers are extremely understaffed• Malawi has 20-year history with CBD agents

"There are so many patients here to

see. The number is about 75 to 100

patients per day. Sometimes people

wait for hours to be attended to.

Yesterday I was alone on duty

without even any medical assistant

to help me. Sometimes I have to do

both day and night shifts in the same

day!

– Loveness Makeyi, 35, Nurse/Midwife, Khonjeni Clinic, Malawi

Source: “Help Wanted: Confronting the healthcare worker crisis to expand access to HIV/AIDS treatment: MSF experience in southern Africa.” Medecins Sans Frontieres. 2007.

But Who Should Administer?

• Malawi is one of the only countries in Africa with a low-level, paraprofessional, MOH employee – the Health Surveillance Assistant (HSA)– Are they overloaded?

• Malawi’s CBD agents (CBDAs):– Many do not have high

school education– Most are volunteers, with few

or no incentives

Malawi’s Secret Ingredient: The Health Surveillance Assistant (HSA)

2. From Debate to Policy Decision

A Long Debate

• In Malawi, the debate to allow lower-level health workers to administer DMPA was very controversial

• Medical professionals were hesitant to allow “paraprofessionals” to administer injections

• BUT – HSAs already administer immunizations to children under five

March 2008 – Ministry’s Big Policy Decision

• March 2008, Senior Management team of the MOH decided to allow HSAs to administer DMPA in communities

• Reproductive Health Unit critical to this decision:– Presented literature from other countries

– Argued that CBD approach is safe

– Highlighted large demand for DMPA

Multiple Factors May Have Contributed tothe Policy Decision

Late 1980sMalawi implements CBD programs

Mid-1990sSeveral districts in Malawi begin to allow HSAs to provide DMPA

1999 – 2003World Bank-funded CBD project using traditional birth attendants

September 2007 SWAp Review

September – December 2007

USAID | Health Policy Initiative stakeholder assessment and focus group discussions

Current Policy in Malawi on CBD Provision of DMPA

• Current policy:– HSAs can administer DMPA at the community level

(phase-in process)

– Guidelines for HSA administration of DMPA approved late 2008

• Policy challenges:– DMPA and pills still not deregulated

– Districts required to pay 12% handling fee to Central Medical Stores for DMPA (essentially 112%)

– HSAs still not allowed to provide oral contraceptives, resulting in referral issues

3. Implementation

USAID-funded CBD Initiatives in Malawi

• USAID | Health Policy Initiative (HPI)– Analysis of feasibility and acceptability of CBD of DMPA– Operational policy barriers analysis to financing and

procurement of contraceptives

• Community-based Family Planning and HIV/AIDS Services Program (CFPHS)– Mission bilateral– MSH is prime contractor– Subcontractors:

• PSI

• Futures Group

– Three-year project with one year option

Implementation

• Through the MSH-led CFPHS Project• Project includes HSAs and CBDAs:

– CFPHS trained CBDAs in 8 project districts – One HSA has 10 CBDAs reporting– CBDA provides oral contraceptives; female and male

condoms; CycleBeads; counsels on multiple methods– CBDAs refer clients requiring DMPA to the HSA

• Project hired and trained CBDAs from 8 districts in 2008-2009 – more than 1,000

• FP trainers trained HSAs from 9 districts in 2008-2009

Implementation (Cont.)

• Training– Select HSAs chosen to be training for DMPA provision– HSAs providing DMPA receive 5-day training session

• Supervision– HSA supervisors– Supervision linked to health centers – Nurses-in-charge, environmental health officers, supervise

HSAs at health centers

• Supply – USAID | DELIVER Project assisting

with reporting– HSAs resupply DMPA at health centers– Sharps containers provided

4. Future Directions

Future Directions

• Phase-in period– Ends in November 2009– FHI will evaluate HSA provision of DMPA in 9 districts

• Scalability of program– HSAs make scale-up more achievable– National coverage of HSAs

• Plans for scale-up– MOH plans to scale up after evaluation– Pilot-test CBDA provision of DMPA?

• Challenges for scale-up– Public sector supply of DMPA – Future of HSA cadre

Is the CBDA the Future of CBD of DMPA in Malawi?

Thank You