Comp 15 - Usability and Human Factors Unit 4a - Human Factors and Healthcare This material was developed by Columbia University, funded by the Department

Comp 15 - Usability and Human Factors

Unit 4a - Human Factors and Healthcare

This material was developed by Columbia University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number 1U24OC000003.

Overview

• Introduction to human factors principles• Applied cognitive psychology/selective

attention• Patient safety• Understanding human errors• A Systems-centered approach to human

errors• Mental workload• Medical devices

Component 15/Unit 4aHealth IT Workforce Curriculum

Version 2.0/Spring 20112

Human Factors & Health Care

Health Devices Electronic Health Record Systems



Human Factors and HCI Redux



Human Factors and HCI Redux



History of Human Factors



Why is Human Factors Increasingly Important

• Diversity of user groups

• Complexity of systems

• Increased use of technology

• Increased “costs” of human error

• Societal emphasis on well-being and quality of life



Human Factors Objective



Examples of Application Areas

• Military• Highway systems

– e.g. readability and comprehensibility of signs• Automobile design and driver behavior• Human-computer systems• Healthcare and patient safety• Aging and accessibility• Nuclear power• Workplace layout and furnishings• Airline industry

– e.g. pilot workload, aircraft design, automation, aircraft maintenance

• Quality control



Nuclear Power Plant Control Room



Airplane Cockpit



Human Factors in Medicine

• Infusion pumps

• Anesthesia equipment

• Medication errors

• Effects of fatigue on resident’s performance

• Judgmental limitations in medical decision making

• Inadequate infection control

• Unintended consequences of automation



Human Factors/Ergonomics (Carayon, 2007)

• Scientific discipline concerned with understanding interactions– Among humans– Other elements of a system

• Profession that applies theory, principles, data, methods to design to optimize: – human well-being – overall system performance

• System can be a technology, device, person, team, organization, policy, etc.



Human Factors Ergonomics:3 Major Domains



Physical Ergonomics



Organizational Ergonomics



Cognitive Ergonomics



Human Factors & Applied Cognitive Psychology

• Applies knowledge about human strengths and limitations to design of interactive systems, equipment, and their environment to ensure their effectiveness, safety, and ease of use

• Perception, attention, memory, mental models and decision making are central to human factors research and analysis



Human Attention



Selective Attention



Information Overload



Selective Attention



Divided Attention or Time Sharing

• Time-sharing: – ability to perform more than one cognitive task by

attending to both at once or rapidly switching back and forth between them

• Because cognitive resources for attention are relatively limited, time-sharing often results in a drop in performance for one or both tasks

• People can also “modulate” the resources given to one task or the other



Human Factors Design Implications

• Reduce the number of competing channels of information

• Make sources of information as distinct as possible

• Provide feedback

• Use redundant cues

• Work/rest scheduling

• Training



Documents

Comp 15 - Usability and Human Factors Unit 4a - Human Factors and Healthcare This material was developed by Columbia University, funded by the Department