Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean

S 1 Arctic Ocean

United States

Canada

Greenland

Brazil

S 2

S 3

Algeria Libya

SudanMali

Zaire

Madagascar

SaudiArabia

Iran

S 4

S 5

Russ ia

Mongolia

China Japan

Arctic Ocean

India

Kazakstan

Australia

New Zealand

Philippines

Pacific Ocean

Indian Ocean

S 6

Kiribati

Western Samoa

American Samoa

Cook IslandsFrench Polynesia

Tonga

Inset

See Inset

Com

parativeInternationalS

tatistics

816

Section 30

ComparativeInternational Statistics

This section presents statistics for theworld as a whole and for many countrieson a comparative basis with the UnitedStates. Data are shown for population,births and deaths, social and industrial in-dicators, finances, agriculture, communica-tion, and military affairs.

Statistics of the individual nations may befound primarily in official national publica-tions, generally in the form of yearbooks,issued by most of the nations at variousintervals in their own national languagesand expressed in their own or customaryunits of measure. (For a listing of selectedpublications, see Guide to Sources.) Forhandier reference, especially for interna-tional comparisons, the Statistical Office ofthe United Nations compiles data as sub-mitted by member countries and issues anumber of international summary publica-tions, generally in English and French.Among these are the Statistical Yearbook;the Demographic Yearbook; the Yearbookof International Trade Statistics; the Year-book of National Accounts Statistics: Vol.II, International Tables; Population and VitalStatistics Reports (quarterly); the MonthlyBulletin of Statistics; and the Energy Statis-tics Yearbook. Specialized agencies of theUnited Nations also issue internationalsummary publications on agricultural, labor,health, and education statistics. Amongthese are the Production Yearbook andTrade Yearbook issued by the Food andAgriculture Organization, the Yearbook ofLabour Statistics issued by the Internation-al Labour Office, World Health Statisticsissued by World Health Organization, andthe Statistical Yearbook issued by the Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization.

The Bureau of the Census presents esti-mates of basic demographic measures forcountries and regions of the world in theWorld Population Profile series. The Inter-national Population Reports (series P95),International Briefs (series IB), and Popula-tion Trends (series PPT) also present pop-ulation figures for many foreign countries.Detailed population statistics are also avail-able from the Bureau of the Census’ International Data Base.

In BriefTen most populous countries in 1996:

(million persons)China 1,210India 952United States 266Indonesia 207Brazil 163Russia 148Pakistan 129Japan 125Bangladesh 123Nigeria 104

The U.S. Arms Control and DisarmamentAgency and the International MonetaryFund (IMF) also compile data on interna-tional statistics. In its annual World MilitaryExpenditures and Arms Transfers, theArms Control and Disarmament Agencypresents data on various economic indica-tors, as well as basic military data. Amongthe topics presented have been militaryexpenditures, gross national product, im-ports and exports, and armed forces. TheIMF publishes a series of reports relatingto financial data. These include Internation-al Financial Statistics, Direction of Trade,and Balance of Payments Yearbook, pub-lished in English, French, and Spanish.

Statistica l coverage , countr y names,and classifications— Problems of spaceand availability of data limit the number ofcountries and the extent of statistical cov-erage shown. The list of countries includedand the spelling of country names arebased almost entirely on the list of sover-eign nations, dependencies, and areas ofspecial sovereignty provided by the U.S.Department of State.

In recent years, several important changestook place in the status of the world’s na-tions. In 1990, a unified Germany wasformed from the Federal Republic of Ger-many (West) and the German DemocraticRepublic (East). The Republic of Yemenwas formed by union of the Yemen ArabRepublic and the People’s Democratic Re-public of Yemen. Also in 1990, Namibia,

818 Comparative International Statistics

once a United Nations mandate, realizedits independence from South Africa.

In 1991, the Soviet Union broke up into 15 independent countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania,Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.

In 1992, the Socialist Federal Republic ofYugoslavia dissolved; none of the succes-sor states has been recognized as its con-tinuation. The United States recognizesBosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slove-nia, and The Former Yugoslav Republic ofMacedonia as independent countries. Ser-bia and Montenegro have asserted theformation of a joint independent state, butthis entity has not been formally recog-nized as a state by the United States.

On January 1, 1993, Czechoslovakia wassucceeded by two independent countries:the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Eritreaannounced its independence from Ethiopiain April 1993, and was subsequently re-cognized as an independent nation by theUnited States.

The population estimates and projectionsused in tables 1325-1327 were preparedby the Census Bureau. For each country,the data on population, by age and sex,fertility, mortality, and international migrationwere evaluated and, where necessary, ad-justed for inconsistencies and errors in thedata. In most instances, comprehensiveprojections were made by the componentmethod, resulting in distributions of thepopulation by age and sex, and requiringan assessment of probable future trends offertility, mortality, and international migra-tion.

Economi c associations— The Organiza-tion for European Economic Cooperation(OEEC), a regional grouping of WesternEuropean countries established in 1948 forthe purpose of harmonizing national eco-nomic policies and conditions, wassucceeded on September 30, 1961, by theOrganization for Economic Cooperationand Development (OECD). The membernations of the OECD are Australia, Austria,Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Den-mark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Lux-embourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, NewZealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain,

Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the UnitedKingdom, and the United States.

Qualit y and comparabilit y of th e data—The quality and comparability of the datapresented here are affected by a numberof factors:

(1) The year for which data are pre-sented may not be the same for all sub-jects for a particular country, or for a givensubject for different countries, though thedata shown are the most recent available.All such variations have been noted. Thedata shown are for calendar years exceptas otherwise specified.

(2) The bases, methods of estimating,methods of data collection, extent of coverage, precision of definition, scope ofterritory, and margins of error may vary for different items within a particular country,and for like items for different countries. Footnotes and headnotes to the tablesgive a few of the major time-period andcoverage qualifications attached to the fig-ures; considerably more detail is presentedin the source publications. Many of themeasures shown are, at best, merelyrough indicators of magnitude.

(3) Figures shown in this section for the United States may not alwaysagree with figures shown in the precedingsections. Disagreements may be attribut-able to the use of differing original sources,a difference in the definition of geographiclimits (the 50 States, conterminous UnitedStates only, or the United States includingcertain outlying areas and possessions), or to possible adjustments made in theUnited States figures by the United Nations or other sources in order to make them more comparable with figures from other countries.

Internationa l comparison s of nationalaccount s data—In order to compare na-tional accounts data for different countries,it is necessary to convert each country’sdata into a common unit of currency, usu-ally the U.S. dollar. The market exchangerates which are often used in convertingnational currencies do not necessarily re-flect the relative purchasing power in thevarious countries. It is necessary that thegoods and services produced in differentcountries be valued consistently if the dif-ferences observed are meant to reflect realdifferences in the volumes of goods andservices produced. The use of purchasingpower parities (see table 1335) instead of

819Comparative International Statistics

exchange rates is intended to achieve thisobjective.

The method used to present the datashown in table 1335 is to construct volumemeasures directly by revaluing the goodsand services sold in different countries at acommon set of international prices. By di-viding the ratio of the gross domestic pro-ducts of two countries expressed in theirown national currencies by the corre-sponding ratio calculated at constant inter-national prices, it is possible to derive theimplied purchasing power parity (PPP) between the two currencies concerned.PPP’s show how many units of currencyare needed in one country to buy thesame amount of goods and services whichone unit of currency will buy in the othercountry. For further information, see Na-tional Accounts, Main Aggregates, volumeI, issued annually by the Organization forEconomic Cooperation and Development,Paris, France.

Internationa l Standar d Industrial Classi-fication— The original version of the Inter-national Standard Industrial Classificationof All Economic Activities (ISIC) wasadopted in 1948. Wide use has beenmade both nationally and internationally inclassifying data according to kind of eco-nomic activity in the fields of production,employment, national income, and othereconomic statistics. A number of countrieshave utilized the ISIC as the basis for de-vising their industrial classification scheme.

Substantial comparability has been at-tained between the industrial classificationsof many other countries, including the Uni-ted States, and the ISIC by ensuring, asfar as practicable, that the categories atdetailed levels of classification in nationalschemes fitted into only one category ofthe ISIC. For more detail, see Bureau ofthe Census, The International StandardIndustrial Classification and the U.S. Stan-dard Industrial Classification, Technical Paper No. 14 and text, section 27. TheUnited Nations, the International LabourOrganisation, the Food and Agriculture Or-ganization, and other international bodieshave utilized the ISIC in publishing andanalyzing statistical data. Revisions of theISIC were issued in 1958, 1968, and 1989.

Internationa l maps—A series of regionalworld maps is provided on pages 816 and820-825. References are included in table1325 for easy location of individual coun-tries on the maps. The Robinson mapprojection is used for this series of maps. Amap projection is used to portray all or partof the round Earth on a flat surface, butthis cannot be done without some distor-tion. For the Robinson projection, distortionis very low along the Equator and within45 degrees of the center but is greatestnear the poles. For additional informationon map projections and maps, please con-tact the Earth Science Information Center,U.S. Geological Survey, 507 National Cen-ter, Reston, VA 22092.

Greenland

Iceland

Senegal

Mauritania

WesternSahara

CapeVerde

Atlantic Ocean

St. Pierre and Miquelon

Bermuda

United States

Canada

Mexico

See Inset

Arctic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

United States

United States

Mexico

Inset

Belize

Honduras

Nicaragua

El Salvador

Cuba

CaymanIslands

Jamaica

The Bahamas

Turks and Caicos Islands

Puerto Rico

Colombia

Venezuela

Aruba

Curacao

Bonaire Tobago

Grenada

St. Vincent

Montserrat

Barbados

St. Lucia

Martinique

Dominica

Guadeloupe

Antigua & Barbuda

St. Kitts & Nevis

Anguilla

Br. Virgin IslandsDominicanRepublic

U.S. Virgin Islands

Haiti

Com

parativeInternationalS

tatistics

820

Argentina

Bolivia

Paraguay

Chile

Uruguay

Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Peru

Brazil

Ecuador

Colombia

VenezuelaGuyana

Suriname

French Guiana

Aruba

Trinidad & Tobago

CuracaoGrenada

Barbados

Bonaire Isla de Margarita

GalapagosIslands

Nicaragua

Costa Rica

Panama

World Maps 821

Arctic Ocean

United Kingdom

Ireland

Norway

Sweden

Finland

Russia

Denmark

Netherlands

Germany Poland

Russia

Lithuania

Latvia

Estonia

Belarus

Faroe Islands

Isle of Man

Guernsey

Jersey

Portugal

Spain

Andorra

Monaco

Mediterranean Sea

Italy

Ukraine

Romania

Bulgaria

Serbia

Montenegro

Albania

Greece

The FormerYugoslav Republic

of Macedonia

France

Belgium

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Germany

Switzerland

Liechtenstein

Italy

Czech Republic

Austria

Slovakia

Hungary

Serbia

Croatia

Slovenia

SanMarino

HerzegovinaBosnia and

See Inset

Inset

Comparative International Statistics822

Mauritania

Western Sahara

MoroccoSpain

Algeria

Tunisia

Libya Egypt

Mali

Niger

Nigeria

Chad

Cameroon

CentralAfrican Republic

Malta

GreeceCyprus

LebanonWest Bank

Gaza Strip

Israel

Syria

Jordan

IraqIran

Afghanistan

PakistanKuwait

Bahrain

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

United ArabEmirates

Oman

Yemen

Sudan

Ethiopia

Djibouti

Eritrea

Somalia

Zaire

Uganda

Rwanda

Burundi

Kenya

Tanzania

Comoros

Seychelles

Mauritius

Reunion

Madagascar

Mozambique

GabonCongo

Angola

Sao Tome & Principe

Equatorial Guinea

St. HelenaZambia

Zimbabwe

BotswanaNamibia

South AfricaLesotho

Swaziland

Atlantic Ocean

Indian Ocean

Senegal

Mauritania

Mali

The Gambia

Guinea-BissauGuinea

SierraLeone

Liberia

Cote d' Ivoire Ghana

Burkina

Benin

Togo

Nigeria

Niger

Malawi

Mayotte

See Inset

Inset

World Maps 823

Pacific Ocean

Japan

North Korea

South Korea

Indonesia

Philippines

TaiwanHong Kong

Macau

Maylaysia

Brunei

Vietnam

Cambodia

Thailand

LaosIndia

Bangladesh

Burma

BhutanNepal

Sri Lanka

Maldives

Indian Ocean

China

Mongolia

Russ ia

Arctic Ocean

Pakistan

Afghanistan

Iran

Tajikistan

KyrgyzstanUzbekistan

Kazakstan

Turkmenistan

Iraq

Syria

Jordan

Saudi Arabia

Turkey

Azerbaijan

GeorgiaArmenia

Caspian Sea

Yemen

Ethiopia

Eritrea

Djibouti

Somalia

Red

Sea

United ArabEmirates

Oman

Kuwait

QatarEgypt

Sudan

Libya

Chad

Kenya

Burundi

Rwanda

Uganda

Zaire

Central AfricanRepublic

Congo

Black Sea

Ukraine

Belarus

Latvia

Estonia

CyprusGreece

Mediterranean Sea

Romania

Finland

Norway

Gulf of Bothnia

Gulf of Finland

Lithuania

Sweden

Russ ia

PolandMoldova

SlovakiaHungary

CroatiaSerbia

Bosnia andHerzegovina

Montenegro

AlbaniaThe Former Yugoslav

Republic of Macedonia

Bulgaria

Tanzania

Com

parativeInternationalS

tatistics

824

Bangladesh

India

BhutanNepal

Burma

China

Taiwan

HongKongMacau

Australia

New Zealand

New Caledonia

Papua New Guinea

Solomon Islands

Vanuatu

F i j i

Wallis & Futuna

Tuvalu

Marshall Islands

Nauru

Kiribati

Federated States of Micronesia

Pacific Ocean

Indian Ocean

Thailand Vietnam

Cambodia

Malaysia

Singapore

Philippines

Indonesia

Indian Ocean

Guam

Pacific Ocean

see inset

inset

Brunei

Mariana Islands

Trust Ter. of thePac. Isl. (Palau)

World Maps 825

No. 1323. World Summary: 1980 to 1994[See text, section 30, for general comments concerning quality of the data]

ITEM Unit 1980 1985 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

Population 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Millions . . . . . . 4,458 4,855 5,109 5,194 5,282 5,366 5,448 5,529 5,610Agriculture, forestry, fishingproduction: 2Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 156.7 172.7 163.1 164.0 177.6 168.2 164.6 169.1 160.8Coffee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 4.8 5.8 5.7 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.4Corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 397.5 484.9 398.6 472.9 477.1 488.1 528.0 470.4 569.6Cotton (lint) . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 13.8 17.3 18.3 17.1 18.5 20.6 18.1 16.7 18.4Meats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 135.9 152.6 169.1 171.8 177.5 181.3 184.3 188.4 194.7Peanuts (groundnuts) . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 16.9 20.8 25.4 23.1 23.1 23.5 24.4 25.7 28.5Rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 398.9 469.3 488.6 515.5 519.4 517.3 526.6 527.1 534.7Tobacco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 5.3 7.0 6.8 7.0 7.0 7.5 8.3 8.3 6.5Wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 440.1 499.5 500.6 538.3 592.6 546.8 564.8 564.1 528.0Wool, greasy . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.7Roundwood . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. cubic meters 2,932 3,189 3,413 3,472 3,521 3,414 3,416 3,404 (NA)Fish catches. . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 72.0 86.3 98.9 100.1 97.4 97.4 98.8 101.4 (NA)

Industrial production:Wine 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 35.3 29.5 27.5 28.8 28.6 25.8 29.2 26.2 25.7Sugar 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 84.4 98.5 104.3 106.1 111.3 112.6 117.2 111.1 110.0Wheat flour 2 . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 237.2 267.6 290.1 295.9 293.1 308.6 315.1 306.9 300.5Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 2,728 3,161 3,488 3,584 3,517 3,463 3,527 3,655 (NA)Lignite and brown coal . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 1,042 1,202 1,261 1,282 1,218 1,081 1,033 944 (NA)Crude petroleum 3 . . . . . . . . Bil. bbl. . . . . . . 21.8 19.7 21.4 21.8 22.1 21.9 22.0 21.9 22.1Natural gas (dry) 3 . . . . . . . . Trl. cu. ft . . . . . 53.1 61.8 69.7 72.1 73.7 74.8 74.5 76.0 (NA)Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. kWh. . . . . . 8,247 9,747 11,059 11,505 11,774 11,989 12,027 12,003 (NA)Iron ore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 841 862 916 920 921 922 930 940 (NA)Pig iron and ferroalloys. . . . . Mil. metric tons . 542 507 504 570 543 505 530 535 (NA)Tin 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 metric tons 231 196 210 242 237 214 230 220 (NA)Crude steel . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 699 685 685 777 762 687 700 710 (NA)Cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 872 949 1,109 1,144 1,154 1,148 1,160 1,180 (NA)Non-cellulosic fibers 4. . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 10.0 11.5 13.2 13.3 13.3 12.6 11.2 11.3 (NA)Sawnwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. cubic meters 451 468 508 507 505 456 437 432 (NA)Woodpulp . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 125.8 141.8 162.6 166.9 165.8 167.1 165.8 167.2 (NA)Newsprint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 25.4 28.3 31.7 32.1 32.8 32.5 32.1 32.5 (NA)Merchant vessels, launched 4 Mil. gross tons . 13.9 17.3 11.8 12.7 14.7 16.7 20.5 18.7 (NA)Motor vehicles . . . . . . . . . . Millions . . . . . . 38.9 44.8 48.1 48.9 48.1 46.4 47.4 (NA) (NA)

External trade:Imports, c.i.f . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. U.S. dollars . 2,047 2,028 2,915 3,162 3,567 3,546 3,805 3,717 (NA)Exports, f.o.b . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. U.S. dollars . 1,998 1,927 2,827 3,044 3,437 3,421 3,656 3,632 (NA)

Transport:Civil aviation, kilometersflown 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Millions . . . . . . 9,362 10,565 13,020 13,570 14,350 14,240 15,310 (NA) (NA)

NA Not available. 1 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, unpublished data. 2 Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture,Economic Research Service, World Agriculture-Trends and Indicators. 3 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration,International Energy Annual and Annual Energy Review. 4 Excludes China. Tin and merchant vessels exclude Soviet Republics.For other exclusions, see source. 5 Scheduled services of members of International Civil Aviation Organization. Excludes SovietRepublics.

Source: Except as noted, Statistical Division of the United Nations, New York, NY, Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, (copyright).

Comparative International Statistics826

No. 1325. Population, by Country: 1980 to 2000[Population data generally are de facto figures for the present territory. Population estimates were derived from information avail-able as of early 1996. See text, section 31, for general comments concerning the data. For details of methodology, coverage, andreliability, see source. Minus sign (-) indicates decrease]

COUNTRY OR AREAMaprefer-ence

MIDYEAR POPULATION(1,000)

Popu-lationrank,1996

ANNUAL RATE OFGROWTH 1

(percent)Populationper sq.mile,19961980 1990 1996 2000,

proj.1980-1990

1990-2000

World . . . . . . . . . . . . S0 4,457,593 5,281,673 5,771,939 6,090,914 (X) 1.7 1.4 114Afghanistan. . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 14,985 14,767 22,664 26,668 41 -0.1 5.9 91Albania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 2,699 3,273 3,249 3,427 128 1.9 0.5 307Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 18,862 25,352 29,183 31,788 34 3.0 2.3 32Andorra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 34 53 73 80 202 4.5 4.2 418Angola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 6,794 8,430 10,343 11,513 70 2.2 3.1 21Antigua and Barbuda . . . . . . S1 69 64 66 68 204 -0.7 0.7 386Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 28,237 32,386 34,673 36,202 31 1.4 1.1 33Armenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 3,115 3,366 3,464 3,481 123 0.8 0.3 301Aruba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 60 67 68 69 203 1.0 0.4 910Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 14,616 17,033 18,261 18,950 51 1.5 1.1 6Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 7,549 7,718 8,023 8,124 86 0.2 0.5 251Azerbaijan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 6,173 7,200 7,677 7,902 87 1.5 0.9 230Bahamas, The . . . . . . . . . . . S1 210 241 259 269 177 1.4 1.1 67Bahrain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 348 502 590 642 161 3.7 2.5 2,469Bangladesh. . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 88,077 110,118 123,063 132,081 9 2.2 1.8 2,380Barbados . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 252 254 257 260 179 0.1 0.2 1,548Belarus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 9,644 10,215 10,416 10,545 69 0.6 0.3 130Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 9,847 9,962 10,170 10,286 72 0.1 0.3 871Belize. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 144 190 219 242 182 2.7 2.4 25Benin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 3,444 4,676 5,710 6,517 98 3.1 3.3 134Bhutan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 1,281 1,585 1,823 1,996 144 2.1 2.3 100Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 5,296 6,388 7,165 7,680 90 1.9 1.8 17Bosnia and Herzegovina . . . . S3 4,092 4,360 2,656 2,618 131 0.6 -5.1 135Botswana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 903 1,304 1,478 1,557 146 3.7 1.8 7Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 122,830 150,062 162,661 169,545 5 2.0 1.2 50Brunei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 185 254 300 331 174 3.2 2.6 147Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 8,844 8,966 8,613 8,769 84 0.1 -0.2 202Burkina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 6,939 9,033 10,623 11,684 67 2.6 2.6 100Burma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 33,766 41,078 45,976 49,388 25 2.0 1.8 181Burundi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 4,138 5,633 5,943 6,493 95 3.1 1.4 600Cambodia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 6,499 8,731 10,861 12,098 66 3.0 3.3 159Cameroon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 8,761 11,905 14,262 15,966 59 3.1 2.9 79Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 24,070 26,620 28,821 29,989 36 1.0 1.2 8Cape Verde. . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 296 375 449 503 165 2.4 2.9 289Central African Republic . . . . S4 2,244 2,806 3,274 3,539 127 2.2 2.3 14Chad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 4,507 5,889 6,977 7,760 91 2.7 2.8 14Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 11,094 13,121 14,333 14,996 58 1.7 1.3 50China 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 984,736 1,133,710 1,210,005 1,253,438 1 1.4 1.0 336Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 26,580 32,983 36,813 39,172 30 2.2 1.7 92Comoros. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 334 460 569 656 162 3.2 3.5 679Congo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 1,620 2,204 2,528 2,750 134 3.1 2.2 19Costa Rica . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 2,307 3,022 3,463 3,744 124 2.7 2.1 177Cote d’Ivoire . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 8,276 11,926 14,762 16,172 57 3.7 3.0 120Croatia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 4,593 4,754 5,004 5,044 107 0.3 0.6 229Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 9,653 10,545 10,951 11,131 65 0.9 0.5 256Cyprus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 627 681 745 777 157 0.8 1.3 209Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . S3 10,289 10,310 10,321 10,358 71 - - 213Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 5,123 5,141 5,250 5,320 104 - 0.3 321Djibouti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 279 370 428 454 168 2.8 2.0 50Dominica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 75 81 83 84 198 0.7 0.4 286Dominican Republic . . . . . . . S1 5,697 7,213 8,089 8,635 85 2.4 1.8 433Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 8,315 10,116 11,466 12,360 62 2.0 2.0 107Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 42,441 56,106 63,575 68,437 16 2.8 2.0 165El Salvador . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 4,602 5,219 5,829 6,252 97 1.3 1.8 729Equatorial Guinea . . . . . . . . S4 256 369 431 478 167 3.7 2.6 40Eritrea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 2,555 2,896 3,428 4,461 125 1.3 4.3 73Estonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 1,482 1,573 1,459 1,422 147 0.6 -1.0 84Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 36,413 48,242 57,172 63,514 22 2.8 2.8 132Fiji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 635 738 782 823 156 1.5 1.1 111Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 4,780 4,986 5,105 5,115 106 0.4 0.3 43France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 53,618 56,484 58,041 58,816 20 0.5 0.4 280Gabon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 808 1,078 1,173 1,244 151 2.9 1.4 12Gambia, The . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 676 964 1,205 1,381 150 3.5 3.6 312Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 5,048 5,457 5,220 5,132 105 0.8 -0.6 194Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 78,298 79,357 83,536 85,684 12 0.1 0.8 618Ghana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 10,880 15,190 17,698 19,272 53 3.3 2.4 199Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 9,643 10,123 10,539 10,735 68 0.5 0.6 209Grenada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 90 94 95 98 196 0.4 0.4 726Guatemala . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 7,232 9,633 11,278 12,408 63 2.9 2.5 269Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 4,320 5,936 7,412 7,640 88 3.2 2.5 78Guinea-Bissau . . . . . . . . . . . S4 789 998 1,151 1,263 152 2.3 2.4 106Guyana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 759 747 712 693 158 -0.2 -0.7 9Haiti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 5,068 6,060 6,732 7,223 93 1.8 1.8 633Honduras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 3,625 4,741 5,605 6,192 99 2.7 2.7 130Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 10,711 10,352 10,003 9,795 73 -0.3 -0.6 281Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 228 255 270 280 176 1.1 0.9 7India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 692,394 855,591 952,108 1,012,909 2 2.1 1.7 829Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 154,936 187,728 206,612 219,267 4 1.9 1.6 293Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 39,274 56,946 66,094 71,879 15 3.7 2.3 105

See footnotes at end of table.

Population 827

No. 1325. Population, by Country: 1980 to 2000—Continued[See headnote, page 827]

COUNTRY OR AREAMaprefer-ence

MIDYEAR POPULATION(1,000)

Popu-lationrank,1996

ANNUAL RATE OFGROWTH 1

(percent)Popula-tion persq. mile,19961980 1990 1996 2000,

proj.1980-1990

1990-2000

Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 13,233 18,425 21,422 24,731 46 3.3 2.9 128Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 3,401 3,508 3,567 3,493 121 0.3 - 134Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 3,737 4,512 5,422 5,852 102 1.9 2.6 691Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 56,451 57,661 57,460 57,807 21 0.2 - 506Jamaica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 2,229 2,466 2,595 2,669 133 1.0 0.8 621Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 116,807 123,537 125,450 126,582 8 0.6 0.2 823Jordan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 2,168 3,277 4,212 4,704 116 4.1 3.6 119Kazakstan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 14,994 16,708 16,916 16,943 54 1.1 0.1 16Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 16,685 23,896 28,177 30,490 37 3.6 2.4 128Kiribati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 58 72 81 87 199 2.1 1.9 292Korea, North . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 17,999 21,412 23,904 25,491 39 1.7 1.7 514Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 38,124 42,869 45,482 47,351 26 1.2 1.0 1,200Kuwait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 1,370 2,128 1,950 2,420 143 4.4 1.3 283Kyrgyzstan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 3,623 4,390 4,530 4,664 111 1.9 0.6 59Laos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 3,293 4,191 4,976 5,557 108 2.4 2.8 56Latvia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 2,525 2,672 2,469 2,380 136 0.6 -1.2 99Lebanon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 3,137 3,367 3,776 4,115 119 0.7 2.0 956Lesotho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 1,346 1,735 1,971 2,114 141 2.5 2.0 168Liberia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 1,900 2,265 2,110 3,048 139 1.8 3.0 57Libya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 3,119 4,355 5,445 6,294 101 3.3 3.7 8Liechtenstein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 25 29 31 33 215 1.3 1.3 501Lithuania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 3,436 3,702 3,646 3,629 120 0.7 -0.2 145Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 364 382 416 442 169 0.5 1.5 417Macedonia, The Former YugoslavRepublic of 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 1,893 2,031 2,104 2,152 140 0.7 0.6 212Madagascar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 8,678 11,525 13,671 15,295 60 2.8 2.8 61Malawi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 6,129 9,136 9,453 10,011 78 4.0 0.9 260Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 13,764 17,507 19,963 21,610 48 2.4 2.1 157Maldives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 154 218 271 310 175 3.5 3.5 2,338Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 6,728 8,234 9,653 10,911 76 2.0 2.8 20Malta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 364 354 376 391 173 -0.3 1.0 3,030Marshall Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 31 46 58 68 208 4.1 3.9 835Mauritania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 1,456 1,935 2,336 2,653 137 2.8 3.2 6Mauritius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 964 1,074 1,140 1,196 153 1.1 1.1 1,597Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 68,686 85,121 95,772 102,912 11 2.1 1.9 129Micronesia, Federated States of . . S6 77 109 125 133 191 3.4 2.0 463Moldova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 3,996 4,398 4,464 4,543 112 1.0 0.3 343Monaco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 27 30 32 32 214 1.2 0.7 41,076Mongolia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 1,662 2,216 2,497 2,655 135 2.9 1.8 4Montenegro 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 579 616 635 647 160 0.6 0.5 119Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 20,457 26,164 29,779 32,229 33 2.5 2.1 173Mozambique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 12,103 14,056 17,878 19,829 52 1.5 3.4 59Namibia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 975 1,409 1,677 1,886 145 3.7 2.9 5Nauru. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 8 9 10 11 225 2.0 1.3 1,267Nepal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 15,001 19,104 22,094 24,364 42 2.4 2.4 418Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 14,144 14,952 15,568 15,893 56 0.6 0.6 1,188New Zealand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 3,113 3,299 3,548 3,698 122 0.6 1.1 34Nicaragua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 2,776 3,591 4,272 4,729 115 2.6 2.8 92Niger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 5,629 7,644 9,113 10,260 80 3.1 2.9 19Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 65,699 86,488 103,912 117,328 10 2.7 3.0 296Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 4,086 4,242 4,384 4,461 114 0.4 0.5 37Oman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 1,164 1,751 2,187 2,512 138 4.1 3.6 27Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 85,219 113,914 129,276 141,145 7 2.9 2.1 430Palau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 13 15 17 18 219 1.3 1.7 96Panama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 1,956 2,387 2,655 2,828 132 2.0 1.7 90Papua New Guinea . . . . . . . . . . S6 2,991 3,823 4,395 4,812 113 2.5 2.3 25Paraguay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 3,379 4,651 5,504 6,104 100 3.2 2.7 36Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 17,295 21,841 24,523 26,198 38 2.3 1.8 50Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 51,092 65,037 74,481 80,961 13 2.4 2.2 647Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 35,578 38,109 38,643 39,010 29 0.7 0.2 329Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 9,778 9,871 9,865 9,906 75 0.1 - 279Qatar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 231 452 548 587 163 6.7 2.6 129Romania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 22,109 22,775 21,657 20,996 44 0.3 -0.8 244Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 139,045 148,081 148,178 147,938 6 0.6 - 22Rwanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 5,170 7,145 6,853 8,900 92 3.2 2.2 711St. Kitts and Nevis . . . . . . . . . . . S1 44 40 41 43 212 -1.0 0.8 298St. Lucia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 122 146 158 165 187 1.8 1.2 669St. Vincent and the Grenadines . . S1 98 113 118 121 192 1.4 0.7 904San Marino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 21 23 25 25 217 0.8 0.9 1,058Sao Tome and Principe . . . . . . . . S4 94 123 144 159 190 2.7 2.6 389Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 9,949 15,871 19,409 22,246 49 4.7 3.4 23Senegal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 5,640 7,408 9,093 10,390 81 2.7 3.4 123Serbia 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 9,262 9,705 9,979 10,140 74 0.5 0.4 293Seychelles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 66 73 78 80 200 1.0 0.8 441Sierra Leone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 3,333 4,283 4,793 5,580 109 2.5 2.6 173Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 2,414 3,039 3,397 3,620 126 2.3 1.8 14,099Slovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 4,966 5,263 5,374 5,472 103 0.6 0.4 111Slovenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 1,885 1,969 1,951 1,937 142 0.4 -0.2 250Solomon Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 233 336 413 470 170 3.7 3.4 39Somalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 6,865 8,334 9,639 10,880 77 1.9 2.7 40

See footnotes at end of table.

Comparative International Statistics828

No. 1325. Population, by Country: 1980 to 2000—Continued[See headnote, page 827]

COUNTRY OR AREAMaprefer-ence

MIDYEAR POPULATION(1,000)

Popu-lationrank,1996

ANNUAL RATE OFGROWTH 1

(percent)Popula-tion persq. mile,19961980 1990 1996 2000,

proj.1980-1990

1990-2000

South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 29,252 37,191 41,743 44,462 27 2.4 1.8 89Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 37,488 38,793 39,181 39,545 28 0.3 0.2 203Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 14,900 17,227 18,553 19,377 50 1.5 1.2 742Sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 19,064 26,628 31,548 35,530 32 3.3 2.9 34Suriname . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 355 398 436 465 166 1.2 1.6 7Swaziland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 607 853 999 1,137 154 3.4 2.9 150Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 8,310 8,559 8,901 9,052 83 0.3 0.6 56Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 6,385 6,779 7,207 7,374 89 0.6 0.8 469Syria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 8,692 12,620 15,609 17,759 55 3.7 3.4 220Tajikistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 3,969 5,332 5,916 6,384 96 3.0 1.8 107Tanzania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 18,689 24,826 29,058 31,045 35 2.8 2.2 85Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 47,026 55,052 58,851 61,164 18 1.6 1.1 298Togo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 2,596 3,680 4,571 5,263 110 3.5 3.6 218Tonga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S0 93 101 106 110 193 0.9 0.8 385Trinidad and Tobago . . . . . . . . . . S2 1,091 1,256 1,272 1,273 149 1.4 0.1 642Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 6,443 8,048 9,020 9,671 82 2.2 1.8 150Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 45,121 56,123 62,484 66,618 17 2.2 1.7 210Turkmenistan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 2,875 3,668 4,149 4,466 117 2.4 2.0 22Tuvalu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 7 9 10 11 226 2.0 1.6 1,011Uganda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 12,252 17,040 20,158 21,891 47 3.3 2.5 261Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 50,047 51,592 50,864 50,380 23 0.3 -0.2 218United Arab Emirates . . . . . . . . . S5 1,000 2,252 3,057 3,582 130 8.1 4.6 95United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 56,314 57,418 58,490 58,894 19 0.2 0.3 627United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 227,726 249,913 265,563 274,943 3 0.9 1.0 75Uruguay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 2,920 3,106 3,239 3,333 129 0.6 0.7 48Uzbekistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 16,000 20,624 23,418 25,245 40 2.5 2.0 136Vanuatu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 117 154 178 193 186 2.8 2.2 31Venezuela. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 14,768 19,325 21,983 23,596 43 2.7 2.0 65Vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 54,234 66,314 73,977 78,350 14 2.0 1.7 589Western Samoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . S0 155 186 214 235 183 1.8 2.3 195Yemen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 7,439 10,489 13,483 15,547 61 3.4 3.9 66Zaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 27,954 37,831 46,499 51,374 24 3.0 3.1 53Zambia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 5,638 8,019 9,159 9,899 79 3.5 2.1 32Zimbabwe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 7,298 10,121 11,271 11,777 64 3.3 1.5 75

Taiwan 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 17,848 20,279 21,466 22,214 45 1.3 0.9 1,723

AREAS OF SPECIAL SOVER-EIGNTY AND DEPENDENCIES

American Samoa . . . . . . . . . . . . S0 32 47 60 69 207 3.8 3.8 775Anguilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 7 8 10 12 224 2.5 3.5 297Bermuda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 55 59 62 64 206 0.8 0.8 3,282Cayman Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 17 27 35 41 213 4.4 4.3 345Cook Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S0 18 18 20 20 218 0.1 1.1 210Faroe Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 43 47 44 41 211 0.9 -1.6 81French Guiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 68 116 151 173 189 5.4 4.0 4French Polynesia . . . . . . . . . . . . S0 151 196 225 245 180 2.6 2.2 159Gaza Strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 453 635 924 1,163 155 3.4 6.0 6,281Gibraltar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 29 31 29 29 216 0.6 -0.6 12,417Greenland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 50 56 58 60 209 1.0 0.8 (Z)Guadeloupe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 337 378 408 426 171 1.1 1.2 600Guam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 107 134 157 171 188 2.3 2.4 752Guernsey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 53 61 63 66 205 1.4 0.8 840Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 5,063 5,688 6,305 6,685 94 1.2 1.6 16,513Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 76 84 88 90 197 1.0 0.8 1,945Macau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 318 456 497 516 164 3.6 1.2 80,426Man, Isle of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 64 69 74 76 201 0.7 1.0 325Martinique. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 339 374 399 416 172 1.0 1.1 976Mayotte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 52 80 101 117 194 4.3 3.8 695Montserrat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 12 13 13 13 223 0.6 0.3 331Netherlands Antilles . . . . . . . . . . S2 173 195 209 217 184 1.2 1.1 563New Caledonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 139 168 188 200 185 1.9 1.7 26Northern Mariana Islands. . . . . . . S6 17 44 52 57 210 9.7 2.6 284Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 3,206 3,605 3,819 3,850 118 1.2 0.7 1,104Reunion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 507 600 679 730 159 1.7 2.0 704St. Helena. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 6 7 7 7 228 0.3 0.3 43St. Pierre and Miquelon. . . . . . . . S1 6 6 7 7 227 0.8 0.8 73Turks and Caicos Islands. . . . . . . S1 7 12 14 15 221 4.5 2.7 86Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 98 101 97 99 195 0.4 -0.2 719Virgin Islands, British . . . . . . . . . S1 11 12 13 14 222 1.1 1.3 228Wallis and Futuna . . . . . . . . . . . S6 11 14 15 15 220 2.4 1.1 139West Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 833 1,080 1,428 1,662 148 2.6 4.3 656Western Sahara . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 126 191 223 245 181 4.2 2.5 2

- Represents or rounds to zero. X Not applicable. Z Less than one person per square mile. 1 Computed by theexponential method. For explanation of average annual percent change, see Guide to Tabular Presentation. 2 With theestablishment of diplomatic relations with China on January 1, 1979, the U.S. government recognized the People’s Republic ofChina as the sole legal government of China and acknowledged the Chinese position that there is only one China and that Taiwanis part of China. 3 The U.S. view is that the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has dissolved and no successor staterepresents its continuation. Macedonia has proclaimed independent statehood, but has not been recognized as a state by theUnited States. Serbia and Montenegro have asserted the formation of a joint independent state, but this entity has not beenrecognized by the United States.

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, unpublished data.

Population 829

No. 1326. Age Distribution, by Country: 1996 and 2000

[In percent. Covers countries with 10 million or more population in 1996]

COUNTRY OR AREA

1996 2000, proj.

Under 5yearsold

5 to 14yearsold

15 to 64yearsold

65 yearsold andover

Under 5yearsold

5 to 14yearsold

15 to 64yearsold

65 yearsold andover

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 20.4 62.4 6.5 10.2 19.8 63.2 6.8Afghanistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.7 26.3 54.2 2.7 16.5 26.2 54.5 2.8Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4 26.4 56.5 3.7 12.5 23.9 59.7 3.9Angola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.8 26.9 52.7 2.6 17.4 27.4 52.4 2.8Argentina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 18.4 62.5 9.7 9.1 17.6 63.3 10.0Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 14.3 66.3 12.2 6.7 14.1 66.6 12.6Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5 25.4 57.9 3.2 12.4 23.6 60.7 3.3Belarus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 15.4 66.0 12.7 6.4 13.8 66.9 13.0Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 11.9 65.9 16.2 5.8 11.9 65.4 16.8Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 20.8 64.8 4.7 9.3 19.2 66.4 5.2Burkina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.1 29.0 48.8 3.1 18.5 29.5 49.0 3.0Burma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4 23.5 59.0 4.1 12.8 23.1 59.9 4.2Cambodia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.1 27.3 51.4 3.1 17.2 27.7 52.1 3.0Cameroon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.1 27.9 50.7 3.3 17.8 28.0 50.9 3.3Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 13.6 67.1 12.4 6.3 13.6 67.2 12.9Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 19.2 64.5 6.8 8.3 18.6 65.8 7.3China 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 18.0 67.4 6.2 7.6 17.4 68.1 6.9Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 21.3 63.5 4.5 9.6 20.3 65.2 5.0Cote d’Ivoire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.2 29.3 50.3 2.2 17.6 29.2 51.0 2.2Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 15.4 68.4 9.3 6.4 14.9 68.9 9.7Czech Republic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 12.8 68.3 13.5 5.6 11.9 68.7 13.8Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 23.4 60.1 4.5 11.2 21.9 62.3 4.6Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.9 24.0 59.6 3.6 12.1 23.1 61.1 3.7Ethiopia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.5 27.4 51.4 2.7 18.2 27.9 51.2 2.7France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 13.1 65.6 15.4 5.6 12.6 65.7 16.2Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 11.2 68.5 15.3 4.9 10.9 68.4 15.7Ghana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.0 27.4 53.5 3.1 14.3 27.4 55.1 3.2Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 11.5 67.5 16.0 5.0 10.5 67.1 17.5Guatemala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.6 27.2 53.7 3.5 14.6 26.6 55.2 3.7Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 12.2 67.9 14.4 5.7 11.9 67.8 14.7India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 22.5 61.6 4.1 11.0 21.6 63.1 4.4Indonesia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 21.0 64.5 3.7 10.4 19.7 65.6 4.3Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.9 28.7 51.5 3.9 14.1 27.6 54.1 4.2Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.7 28.8 49.3 3.1 18.2 28.8 50.2 2.9Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 10.0 68.4 16.7 5.1 9.8 67.4 17.8Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 10.9 69.3 14.9 5.1 9.9 68.1 16.9Kazakstan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 20.8 63.0 7.1 8.7 19.4 64.8 7.2Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4 29.2 52.7 2.6 14.1 27.7 55.5 2.8Korea, North. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.0 18.5 66.2 4.2 10.2 19.2 65.9 4.7Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 15.3 71.0 5.9 7.8 14.2 71.1 6.9Madagascar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.8 27.1 51.7 3.4 17.4 27.1 52.3 3.3Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 23.3 60.2 3.9 11.8 22.5 61.6 4.1Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 23.7 59.2 4.4 11.9 22.8 60.5 4.8Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.9 24.8 58.0 4.3 12.1 23.3 60.1 4.6Mozambique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.4 27.7 51.4 2.4 17.8 27.8 52.0 2.4Nepal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.9 26.4 54.8 2.9 15.5 25.7 55.7 3.0Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 12.1 68.4 13.3 5.9 12.3 68.1 13.7Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.0 27.0 52.2 2.9 17.8 27.1 52.2 3.0Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8 26.7 53.5 4.0 14.5 26.4 55.0 4.1Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 23.2 60.6 4.5 10.6 21.8 62.7 4.9Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9 24.3 58.2 3.5 13.1 24.0 59.3 3.6Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 16.0 66.5 11.3 6.2 13.9 68.0 11.9Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 14.6 67.7 12.6 5.4 13.0 67.8 13.9Russia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 15.7 67.0 12.1 5.7 13.6 68.6 12.1Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.0 25.9 54.8 2.3 16.6 26.3 54.4 2.6South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 22.8 59.6 4.5 12.2 22.7 60.4 4.6Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 11.1 68.2 15.7 5.3 10.0 67.8 16.9Sri Lanka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 19.4 65.7 6.1 8.3 17.3 67.8 6.6Sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.8 28.0 52.0 2.2 17.0 27.8 53.0 2.3Syria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.0 28.8 50.3 2.9 16.9 28.4 51.7 2.9Taiwan 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 16.0 68.7 7.8 7.2 14.4 69.9 8.6Tanzania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.2 27.9 52.0 2.9 16.8 27.7 52.6 3.0Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 17.1 68.9 5.6 7.9 15.5 70.1 6.5Turkey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 21.4 62.5 5.5 9.9 19.9 64.1 6.0Uganda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.6 29.9 48.2 2.3 18.5 31.0 48.2 2.3Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 14.4 66.0 14.2 5.9 12.9 67.3 13.9United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 12.9 64.7 15.8 6.3 13.1 64.9 15.6United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 14.6 65.4 12.8 6.9 14.5 65.9 12.6Uzbekistan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7 26.2 55.4 4.6 12.8 25.3 57.2 4.7Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 22.6 60.8 4.4 10.8 22.0 62.6 4.6Vietnam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 24.4 58.7 5.2 10.1 22.6 62.0 5.4Yemen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.3 28.4 49.6 2.7 18.9 28.7 49.7 2.7Zaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.3 28.6 49.4 2.6 19.3 28.9 49.2 2.6Zimbabwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.9 29.4 52.9 2.8 13.7 28.3 55.1 2.9

1 See footnote 2, table 1325.

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, unpublished data.

Comparative International Statistics830

No. 1327. Vital Statistics, by Country: 1996 and 2000[Covers countries with 5 million or more population in 1996]

COUNTRY OR AREA

CRUDE BIRTHRATE 1

CRUDE DEATHRATE 2

EXPECTATIONOF LIFE ATBIRTH (years)

INFANTMORTALITYRATE 3

TOTALFERTILITYRATE 4

1996 2000,proj. 1996 2000,

proj. 1996 2000,proj. 1996 2000,

proj. 1996 2000,proj.

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8 14.2 8.8 8.8 76.0 76.3 6.7 6.2 2.06 2.07Afghanistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.0 41.6 18.2 16.6 45.9 47.8 149.7 137.5 6.14 5.87Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.5 26.5 5.9 5.4 68.3 69.6 48.7 42.2 3.59 3.16Angola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.6 42.6 17.7 15.9 46.8 48.9 138.9 125.9 6.35 6.05Argentina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.4 19.1 8.6 8.6 71.7 72.3 28.3 26.1 2.62 2.50Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 13.0 6.9 6.9 79.4 80.4 5.5 5.0 1.84 1.80Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 10.3 10.4 10.3 76.5 77.3 6.2 5.8 1.49 1.52Azerbaijan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.3 21.1 8.7 8.6 64.8 65.4 74.5 72.3 2.64 2.61Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.5 27.4 11.2 10.1 55.9 57.5 102.3 93.0 3.57 3.08Belarus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 14.0 13.6 12.9 68.6 69.4 13.4 12.0 1.69 1.92Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 11.2 10.3 10.4 77.1 77.7 6.4 6.1 1.69 1.69Benin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.8 44.9 13.5 12.0 52.7 54.6 105.1 95.3 6.64 6.32Bolivia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.4 29.3 10.8 9.6 59.8 62.0 67.5 60.2 4.25 3.75Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.8 19.2 9.2 10.1 61.6 60.9 55.3 47.7 2.34 2.14Bulgaria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 12.5 13.6 13.6 71.0 71.6 15.7 14.8 1.17 1.74Burkina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.0 44.9 20.0 21.4 43.2 39.8 117.8 112.8 6.80 6.48Burma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.0 28.1 11.7 10.7 56.1 58.1 80.7 71.8 3.83 3.57Burundi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.0 41.0 15.2 15.3 49.3 48.1 102.2 95.2 6.55 6.25Cambodia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.5 41.0 15.8 14.3 49.9 51.5 107.8 100.5 5.81 5.81Cameroon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.5 41.4 13.6 13.9 52.6 51.3 78.7 74.1 5.99 5.73Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3 12.3 7.2 7.2 79.1 80.0 6.1 5.5 1.81 1.80Chad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.3 42.8 17.4 16.3 47.6 48.9 120.4 113.6 5.84 5.64Chile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.1 15.9 5.7 5.7 74.5 75.5 13.6 11.9 2.23 2.00China 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.0 15.0 6.9 6.8 69.6 71.1 39.6 32.6 1.81 1.81Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 19.0 4.7 4.6 72.8 74.2 25.8 21.3 2.35 2.17Cote d’Ivoire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.5 40.9 15.7 16.4 46.7 45.1 82.4 77.6 6.15 5.80Croatia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 11.8 11.3 11.6 72.8 73.3 10.2 9.7 1.40 1.69Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4 12.7 7.4 7.5 75.1 75.6 9.0 8.6 1.52 1.60Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 13.3 10.9 11.0 73.8 74.2 8.4 8.0 1.38 1.74Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 11.3 10.4 10.4 77.3 77.8 4.8 4.7 1.67 1.63Dominican Republic. . . . . . . . . . . 23.5 21.1 5.7 5.4 69.1 70.4 47.7 40.8 2.66 2.42Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 23.0 5.5 5.1 71.1 72.5 34.8 29.3 2.89 2.59Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.2 26.2 8.7 8.1 61.4 62.7 72.8 65.7 3.58 3.24El Salvador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.3 26.5 5.8 5.5 68.9 70.5 31.9 27.2 3.20 2.92Ethiopia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.1 44.3 17.5 17.6 46.9 46.0 122.8 117.7 7.00 6.75Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 10.3 10.9 10.6 75.5 76.1 4.9 4.8 1.68 1.62France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 12.2 9.0 9.0 78.4 79.2 6.2 5.7 1.49 1.73Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8 16.7 12.2 12.5 68.1 68.6 22.5 22.2 1.69 2.22Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 10.5 11.2 10.8 76.0 76.7 6.0 5.7 1.30 1.56Ghana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.0 30.8 11.2 10.2 56.2 57.5 80.3 74.8 4.59 3.95Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 10.7 9.5 9.5 78.1 79.0 7.4 6.6 1.37 1.52Guatemala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.0 31.2 7.2 6.5 65.2 66.9 50.7 44.6 4.50 4.00Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.6 40.0 18.7 16.8 45.1 47.0 134.1 123.7 5.72 5.46Haiti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.2 35.5 16.0 14.8 49.3 50.2 103.8 98.4 5.69 5.16Honduras. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.4 30.3 5.8 5.2 68.4 70.0 41.8 35.4 4.41 3.83Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 10.2 5.2 5.6 82.2 82.8 5.1 4.5 1.30 1.42Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 13.1 15.1 14.8 69.0 69.6 12.3 11.7 1.51 1.78India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.9 23.5 9.6 8.9 59.7 61.5 71.1 63.5 3.20 2.90Indonesia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.7 22.4 8.4 8.1 61.6 63.4 63.1 55.4 2.70 2.53Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 29.2 6.6 5.8 67.4 69.1 52.7 45.1 4.72 3.90Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.1 40.8 6.6 5.6 67.0 68.7 60.0 50.1 6.41 5.81Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3 19.6 6.3 6.1 78.0 78.8 8.5 7.5 2.77 2.65Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 11.4 9.8 10.1 78.1 78.6 6.9 6.4 1.27 1.55Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 10.7 7.7 8.4 79.6 80.0 4.4 4.3 1.46 1.50Kazakstan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.0 18.8 9.7 9.8 64.1 64.7 63.2 59.6 2.36 2.29Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.4 29.5 10.3 12.6 55.6 51.1 55.3 54.9 4.45 3.69Korea, North . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.9 19.9 5.5 5.4 70.3 71.5 25.9 22.2 2.31 2.21Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2 15.8 5.7 5.7 73.3 74.7 8.2 7.4 1.77 1.80Libya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.4 42.6 7.7 6.9 64.7 66.2 59.5 52.1 6.26 6.00Madagascar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.6 41.2 14.4 13.3 52.2 53.6 93.5 87.6 5.89 5.64Malawi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.6 38.7 24.5 27.1 36.2 33.0 139.9 135.8 5.91 5.33Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.2 24.1 5.5 5.2 69.8 71.0 24.0 20.9 3.27 3.10Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.4 49.3 19.5 17.5 46.8 48.8 102.7 95.6 7.25 6.91Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.2 24.3 4.6 4.4 73.7 75.0 25.0 20.7 3.03 2.79Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.4 25.1 5.8 5.1 69.5 71.8 43.2 32.9 3.58 3.13Mozambique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.5 42.3 19.0 17.0 44.3 46.4 125.6 114.9 6.23 5.76Nepal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.0 35.6 12.6 11.2 53.6 55.9 79.0 70.1 5.06 4.68Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 11.5 8.7 8.7 77.7 78.2 4.9 4.7 1.51 1.53Niger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.5 51.6 24.6 22.2 40.7 42.4 117.6 111.2 7.44 7.17Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.9 41.5 12.7 11.7 54.3 55.6 72.4 63.7 6.24 5.95Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.2 32.6 11.2 10.2 58.5 59.7 96.8 90.3 5.25 4.56Paraguay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.0 29.1 4.3 4.1 73.8 74.9 23.2 19.6 4.15 3.86Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 21.8 6.1 5.8 69.1 70.8 52.2 44.4 3.04 2.66Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.5 27.3 6.7 6.4 65.9 66.8 35.9 33.2 3.69 3.38Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 14.2 10.1 10.2 72.1 72.6 12.4 11.8 1.69 1.93Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 11.9 10.2 10.3 75.3 76.1 7.6 7.1 1.36 1.53Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 14.3 12.3 12.7 69.4 70.0 23.2 21.7 1.25 1.83Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 14.5 16.3 14.8 63.2 65.4 24.7 21.6 1.42 1.95Rwanda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.8 38.5 20.3 23.5 40.1 36.5 118.8 118.8 5.99 5.73Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.3 37.2 5.4 4.7 69.0 71.1 46.4 36.3 6.45 6.30Senegal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.5 43.4 11.8 10.4 56.5 58.3 64.0 58.4 6.31 6.04Serbia 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 14.8 10.3 10.5 72.0 72.5 22.9 21.3 2.00 2.10

See footnotes at end of table.

Vital Statistics 831

No. 1327. Vital Statistics, by Country: 1996 and 2000—Continued

[See headnote, page 831]

COUNTRY OR AREA

CRUDE BIRTHRATE 1

CRUDE DEATHRATE 2

EXPECTATIONOF LIFE ATBIRTH (years)

INFANTMORTALITYRATE 3

TOTALFERTILITYRATE 4

1996 2000,proj. 1996 2000,

proj. 1996 2000,proj. 1996 2000,

proj. 1996 2000,proj.

Slovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 15.5 9.4 9.5 73.0 73.5 10.7 10.2 1.65 1.95Somalia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.2 41.7 13.2 12.0 55.5 57.0 121.1 111.6 7.01 6.53South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.9 25.5 10.3 11.6 59.5 57.2 48.8 46.6 3.43 3.13Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0 12.0 8.9 9.1 78.3 79.1 6.3 5.7 1.26 1.51Sri Lanka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.9 16.9 5.8 5.9 72.4 73.2 20.8 18.7 2.05 1.95Sudan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.1 38.8 11.5 10.3 55.1 56.8 76.0 69.2 5.89 5.47Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 10.5 11.4 11.1 78.1 78.5 4.5 4.4 1.72 1.60Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 11.2 9.6 9.5 77.6 78.1 5.4 5.2 1.47 1.59Syria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.6 36.1 5.9 5.3 67.1 68.4 40.0 35.2 5.91 5.19Taiwan 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.0 14.4 5.5 5.7 76.0 77.3 7.0 6.3 1.76 1.75Tajikistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.8 34.5 8.4 8.3 64.5 65.1 113.1 104.1 4.38 4.47Tanzania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.3 39.8 19.5 20.9 42.3 40.0 105.9 101.4 5.67 5.31Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.3 16.2 7.0 7.2 68.6 69.4 33.4 28.3 1.89 1.80Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.0 22.5 5.2 5.1 72.6 73.6 35.1 30.1 2.92 2.68Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.3 20.4 5.5 5.2 71.9 73.8 43.2 33.3 2.58 2.35Uganda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.9 43.1 20.7 21.8 40.3 38.1 99.4 95.6 6.61 6.24Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 13.2 15.2 14.9 66.8 67.8 22.5 21.2 1.60 1.87United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 12.1 11.2 10.9 76.4 77.1 6.4 6.0 1.82 1.79Uzbekistan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.9 28.9 8.0 7.7 64.6 65.2 79.6 77.5 3.69 3.56Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.4 21.5 5.1 4.9 72.1 73.3 29.5 25.5 2.87 2.53Vietnam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0 20.0 7.0 6.5 67.0 68.5 38.4 33.7 2.69 2.31Yemen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.2 43.3 9.6 7.9 59.6 62.6 71.5 57.9 7.29 6.86Zaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 46.5 16.9 15.6 46.7 48.1 108.0 98.9 6.64 6.39Zambia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.7 43.8 23.7 25.8 36.3 33.7 96.1 97.6 6.55 6.28Zimbabwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.3 29.3 18.2 21.6 41.9 38.2 72.8 72.2 4.09 3.50

1 Number of births during 1 year per 1,000 persons (based on midyear population). 2 Number of deaths during 1 year per1,000 persons (based on midyear population). 3 Number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births in acalendar year. 4 Average number of children that would be born if all women lived to the end of their childbearing years and, ateach year of age, they experienced the birth rates occurring in the specified year. 5 See footnote 2, table 1325. 6 Serbia andMontenegro have asserted the formation of a joint independent state, but this entity has not been recognized by the United States.Data in this table are for Serbia alone.

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, unpublished data.

No. 1328. Death Rates, by Cause and Country

[Age-standardized death rate per 100,000 population . For explanation of age-adjustment, see text, section 2. The standardpopulation for this table is the old European standard; see source for details. Deaths classified to ninth revision of InternationalClassification of Diseases; see text, section 2]

COUNTRY YearIschemicheartdisease

Cerebro-vasculardisease

CANCER OF — Bronchi-tis, 1

emphy-sema,asthma

Chronicliver

diseaseand

cirrhosis

Motorvehicletrafficacci-dents

Suicideand self-inflictedinjury

Lung,trachea,bron-chus

Stomach Femalebreast

United States . . . . . . 1991 169.9 48.3 57.5 5.4 31.6 9.2 10.8 16.3 12.1Australia . . . . . . . . . . 1992 175.8 65.9 38.1 7.2 27.7 12.1 6.8 11.1 12.7Austria . . . . . . . . . . . 1993 152.3 86.4 35.6 16.6 31.4 15.5 25.9 14.0 19.5Belgium . . . . . . . . . . 1989 90.5 72.3 52.7 11.3 37.9 12.8 11.3 17.4 17.9Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . 1993 237.8 241.8 32.8 19.9 20.6 10.3 17.8 11.8 16.0Canada. . . . . . . . . . . 1992 147.0 47.1 53.0 7.4 32.4 6.8 8.1 11.2 12.8Czech Republic . . . . . 1993 276.6 168.0 53.1 17.4 31.2 19.6 16.5 13.6 18.1Denmark . . . . . . . . . . 1992 190.3 72.0 51.1 7.8 40.6 36.5 13.5 10.2 20.4Finland . . . . . . . . . . . 1993 224.4 97.0 32.5 12.0 23.6 16.5 9.9 8.4 26.6France . . . . . . . . . . . 1992 58.6 51.1 35.0 8.1 28.1 9.5 15.5 14.6 19.1Germany. . . . . . . . . . 1993 157.7 84.9 36.2 14.8 32.1 18.5 21.5 11.4 13.8Hungary . . . . . . . . . . 1993 260.5 169.9 65.7 22.9 35.0 41.0 78.8 16.9 34.2Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1991 94.7 91.1 42.7 18.2 29.8 22.9 22.0 15.1 6.9Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . 1993 34.0 77.9 27.6 31.8 9.2 10.3 11.8 10.3 15.0Netherlands . . . . . . . . 1992 118.2 67.6 52.0 12.2 38.5 14.5 5.1 7.9 9.9New Zealand . . . . . . . 1992 206.3 76.4 42.9 9.4 34.1 11.9 3.6 18.0 14.6Norway . . . . . . . . . . . 1992 169.1 78.5 28.9 11.1 27.2 12.3 4.5 6.8 13.9Poland . . . . . . . . . . . 1993 118.2 81.3 52.3 19.0 22.1 20.7 12.6 17.8 15.3Portugal . . . . . . . . . . 1993 85.0 204.8 23.1 24.1 24.9 11.0 26.4 23.2 7.4Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . 1991 75.0 89.3 33.4 14.7 24.3 8.2 18.7 18.5 7.0Sweden . . . . . . . . . . 1992 173.3 67.3 24.3 8.9 25.7 10.6 6.4 7.3 14.5Switzerland . . . . . . . . 1993 104.1 50.0 34.9 8.4 34.7 17.4 8.3 9.2 18.8United Kingdom:England and Wales . 1992 199.7 82.3 51.0 11.7 39.5 10.9 5.5 7.4 7.4Scotland . . . . . . . . 1992 246.4 108.1 68.6 12.6 37.9 7.6 8.4 8.6 10.8

1 Chronic and unspecified.

Source: World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Statistics Annual.

Comparative International Statistics832

No. 1329. Marriage and Divorce Rates, by Country: 1970 to 1994

COUNTRYMARRIAGE RATE PER 1,000 POPULATION,

15 TO 64 YEARS OLDDIVORCE RATE PER 1,000 MARRIED

WOMEN

1970 1980 1990 1992 1993 1994 1970 1980 1990 1992 1993 1994

United States 1 . . . . . . . . . . 17 16 15 14 14 14 15 23 21 21 21 21

Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 12 10 9 8 8 6 10 11 11 11 11Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8 9 9 9 10 8 11 13 13 13 13France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 10 8 7 7 7 3 6 8 (NA) (NA) (NA)Germany 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 9 9 8 9 8 5 6 8 7 7 (NA)Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 9 8 8 8 7 1 1 2 2 (NA) (NA)Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 10 8 9 9 (NA) 4 5 5 6 6 (NA)Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 10 9 9 8 7 3 8 8 9 9 (NA)Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7 7 7 6 6 7 11 12 13 13 (NA)United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . 14 12 10 9 9 (NA) 35 312 13 13 13 (NA)

NA Not available. 1 Beginning 1980, includes unlicensed marriages registered in California. 2 Prior to 1991, data are forformer West Germany. 3 England and Wales only.

No. 1330. Births to Unmarried Women, by Country: 1970 to 1993

[For U.S. figures, beginning 1980, marital status is inferred from a comparison of the child’s and parents’ surnames on the birthcertificate for those States that do not report on marital status. No estimates are included for misstatements on birth records orfailures to register births]

COUNTRY

1970 1980 1990 1993

Total livebirths(1,000)

Percentborn to

unmarriedwomen

Total livebirths(1,000)

Percentborn to

unmarriedwomen

Total livebirths(1,000)

Percentborn to

unmarriedwomen

Total livebirths(1,000)

Percentborn to

unmarriedwomen

United States . . . . . 3,731 11 3,612 18 4,158 28 4,000 31

Canada 1 . . . . . . . . 372 10 360 13 398 24 388 27Denmark. . . . . . . . . 71 11 57 33 63 46 67 47France . . . . . . . . . . 850 7 800 11 762 30 (NA) 35Germany 2 . . . . . . . 811 6 621 8 727 11 798 15Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . 902 2 640 4 554 6 538 7Japan . . . . . . . . . . 1,932 1 1,616 1 1,240 1 1,204 1Netherlands . . . . . . 239 2 181 4 198 11 196 13Sweden . . . . . . . . . 110 18 97 40 124 47 118 50United Kingdom . . . . 904 8 754 12 799 28 762 32

NA Not available. 1 1980 through 1990 excludes Newfoundland. After 1990, a significant number of births are not allocatedaccording to marital status, resulting in an understatement of the proportion of births to unmarried women. 2 Prior to 1991, dataare for former West Germany.

Source of tables 1329 and 1330: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, 1990; and unpublished data.

No. 1331. Foreign or Immigrant Population, 1982 and 1993, and Foreign Labor Force,1991, by Country

[In Australia, Canada, and the United States the data refer to people present in the country who are foreign born. In the Europeancountries and Japan they generally refer to foreigners and represent the nationalities of residents; as a result, persons born in thesecountries may be counted among the foreign population, whereas others, who are foreign born, may have acquired thehost-country nationality. Except as noted, data are from population registers. Data for foreign labor in European Union (EU)countries are taken from the EU labor force survey. For the other European countries data are based on population registers]

COUNTRY

FOREIGNERS FOREIGN LABORFORCE, 1991

Number(1,000)

Percent oftotal population Number

(1,000)

Percent oftotal laborforce1982 1993 1982 1993

United States 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214,080 319,767 24.7 37.9 311,636 39.3Australia 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,004 54,125 20.6 522.7 52,164 524.8Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 6562 4.0 67.1 6296 68.9Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891 6909 9.0 69.0 297 7.4Canada 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,843 4,343 16.1 15.6 62,681 618.5Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 189 2.0 3.6 74 2.5Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 56 0.3 1.1 (NA) (NA)France 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,714 33,597 6.8 36.3 1,505 6.2Germany. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,667 76,878 7.6 8.5 72,703 8.9Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 987 0.6 1.7 (NA) (NA)Japan 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802 1,321 0.7 1.1 6590 60.9Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 6120 26.2 630.3 55 33.3Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 6757 3.8 65.0 269 3.9Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 162 2.2 3.8 6 947 64.4Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 6393 0.5 61.0 59 0.4Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 6499 4.9 65.7 6244 65.5Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926 1,260 14.4 18.1 6717 620.1United Kingdom 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,601 2,001 2.8 3.5 960 3.3

NA Not available. 1 Census data. 2 1980 data. 3 1990 data. 4 Labor force survey. 5 1994 data. 6 1992 data.7 Western Germany only. 8 Residence permits. 9 Excludes unemployed.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, The OECD Observer, No. 192,February/March 1995, (copyright.)

Marriage and Divorce—Births—Foreign Population 833

No. 1332. Health Expenditures, by Country: 1980 to 1994

[G.D.P.=gross domestic product; for explanation, see text, section 14. For explanation of purchasing power parities,see text, section 30]

COUNTRY

TOTAL HEALTH EXPENDITURES PUBLIC HEALTHEXPENDITURES

Percent of gross domestic product

Per capita on basisof G.D.P.

purchasing powerparities

Percent of gross domesticproduct

1980 1985 1990 1991 1994 1991 1994 1980 1991 1994

United States . . . . . 9.2 10.5 12.4 13.4 14.2 $2,867 $3,498 3.9 5.9 6.7Australia . . . . . . . . . 7.3 7.7 8.2 8.6 8.5 1,411 1,606 4.6 5.8 5.8Austria . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 8.1 8.4 8.6 9.7 1,492 1,965 5.4 5.7 6.2Belgium . . . . . . . . . 6.6 7.4 7.6 7.9 8.2 1,354 1,653 5.5 7.0 7.2Canada . . . . . . . . . 7.4 8.5 9.5 10.0 9.8 1,917 2,010 5.5 7.2 7.0Czech Republic . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 7.6 (NA) 662 (NA) (NA) (NA)Denmark. . . . . . . . . 6.8 6.3 6.3 6.5 6.6 1,151 1,362 5.8 5.4 5.4Finland. . . . . . . . . . 6.5 7.3 8.0 9.1 8.3 1,420 1,357 5.1 7.4 6.2France . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 8.5 8.9 9.1 9.7 1,656 1,866 6.0 6.8 7.6Germany 1 . . . . . . . 8.4 8.7 8.3 8.4 28.6 1,663 21,816 6.3 6.0 26.0Greece. . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 23.6 404 2500 (NA) (NA) 22.8Iceland . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 7.1 8.3 8.4 8.1 1,476 1,598 5.7 7.2 6.8Ireland . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 8.2 7.0 7.3 7.3 844 1,107 7.5 5.6 25.7Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 7.0 8.1 8.3 28.6 1,408 21,522 5.6 6.5 26.3Japan . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 6.5 6.7 6.8 27.3 1,307 21,484 4.6 4.8 25.3Luxembourg . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 3.1 (NA) 1,697 (NA) (NA) 23.3Mexico . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 34.9 (NA) 3350 (NA) (NA) 32.9 3.1Netherlands . . . . . . 8.0 8.0 8.2 8.4 8.8 1,366 1,641 6.0 6.1 6.9New Zealand. . . . . . 7.2 6.5 7.3 7.7 27.7 1,047 21,185 6.0 6.1 26.0Norway. . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 25.5 1,305 21,558 (NA) (NA) 25.2Portugal . . . . . . . . . 5.9 7.0 6.7 6.8 27.4 624 2874 4.3 44.1 24.1Spain . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.7 6.6 6.7 27.3 848 2971 4.5 5.5 25.7Sweden . . . . . . . . . 9.4 8.8 8.6 8.6 7.7 1,443 1,348 8.7 6.7 6.4Switzerland . . . . . . . 7.3 7.6 7.8 7.9 9.6 1,730 2,294 4.9 5.4 26.8Turkey . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 2.8 4.0 4.0 22.6 142 2146 1.1 41.4 21.4United Kingdom . . . . 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.6 6.9 1,033 1,211 5.2 5.5 5.8

NA Not available. 1 Former West Germany. 2 1993 data. 3 1992 data. 4 1990 data.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD Health Data, 1995; OECD HealthSystems: Facts and Trends, 1993; OECD in Figures, 1996 Edition, and unpublished data.

No. 1333. Educational Attainment, by Country: 1992

[Percent of persons 25 to 64 years old]

COUNTRY Total

Early childhood,primary, and

lower secondaryeducation only

Uppersecondary

education only

Non-universitytertiary education

only

Universityeducation

only

Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 47 30 11 12Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 32 61 (1) 17Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 55 25 11 9Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 29 30 26 15Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . 100 41 40 6 13Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 39 43 8 10France . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 48 36 6 10Germany . . . . . . . . . . . 100 18 60 10 12Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 66 21 3 10Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 58 25 9 8Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 72 22 (1) 16Netherlands . . . . . . . . . 100 42 37 (1) 121New Zealand. . . . . . . . . 100 43 33 13 11Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 21 54 13 12Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 86 7 2 5Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 77 10 3 10Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 30 46 12 12Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . 100 19 60 13 8Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 86 9 (1) 15United Kingdom . . . . . . . 100 32 49 8 11United States . . . . . . . . 100 16 53 7 24

1 Non-university tertiary education included in University education only.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, Education at a Glance, annual, (copyright).

Comparative International Statistics834

No. 1334. Gross National Product, by Country: 1985 to 1994

[In billions of dollars, except per capita. For most countries, data for GNP are based on local currencies which are deflated toconstant 1994 local currency values before conversion to U.S. dollar equivalents. In general, rates used for conversion are the 1994average par/market exchange rates as supplied by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development]

COUNTRY

CURRENT DOLLARS CONSTANT (1994) DOLLARS

1985 1990 1993 1994 1985 1990 1993 1994Per capita (dollars)

1985 1990 1994

United States . . . . . 4,054 5,568 6,348 6,727 5,413 6,197 6,479 6,727 22,700 24,790 25,810

Algeria . . . . . . . . . . 31 37 40 41 42 42 41 41 1,882 1,644 1,452Argentina . . . . . . . . 145 178 254 278 194 200 260 278 6,377 6,181 8,205Australia . . . . . . . . . 183 250 298 320 245 278 304 320 15,500 16,270 17,720Austria . . . . . . . . . . 117 163 187 196 157 181 191 196 20,750 23,490 24,600Bangladesh. . . . . . . 13 20 24 26 18 22 25 26 175 191 206Belgium . . . . . . . . . 139 194 220 229 185 216 224 229 18,770 21,630 22,800Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . 351 478 547 580 469 532 559 580 3,424 3,546 3,655Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . 41 45 32 37 55 50 32 37 6,154 5,622 4,239Canada . . . . . . . . . 323 444 490 523 432 494 500 523 17,150 18,570 18,600Chile . . . . . . . . . . . 19 33 46 50 25 37 47 50 2,072 2,799 3,609China. . . . . . . . . . . 777 1,351 2,047 2,214 1,037 1,504 2,089 2,214 984 1,323 1,860Colombia . . . . . . . . 31 46 56 62 41 51 58 62 1,395 1,553 1,753Croatia . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 11 12 (NA) (NA) 11 12 (NA) (NA) 2,660Cuba 1 . . . . . . . . . . 30 34 21 22 39 37 22 22 3,911 3,556 2,025Czech Republic . . . . (NA) (NA) 79 81 (NA) (NA) 81 81 (NA) (NA) 7,824Denmark. . . . . . . . . 90 116 133 141 121 129 135 141 23,600 25,080 27,210Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . 23 35 40 42 31 39 41 42 627 694 689El Salvador . . . . . . . 5 6 8 9 6 7 8 9 1,357 1,350 1,532Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . 3 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 93 101 91Finland. . . . . . . . . . 66 93 88 93 89 104 90 93 18,090 20,850 18,390France . . . . . . . . . . 823 1,146 1,256 1,316 1,100 1,275 1,282 1,316 19,930 22,480 22,760Germany 2 . . . . . . . 990 1,385 1,947 2,045 1,321 1,542 1,987 2,045 21,650 24,420 25,220Ghana . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 273 294 309Greece. . . . . . . . . . 50 65 75 78 67 73 77 78 6,754 7,195 7,398Hungary . . . . . . . . . 53 63 64 64 70 70 66 64 6,593 6,721 6,213India . . . . . . . . . . . 139 226 267 287 186 252 273 287 241 295 312Indonesia . . . . . . . . 65 111 153 168 87 124 156 168 505 660 838Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 107 140 125 118 119 143 125 2,477 2,092 1,981Iraq 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 31 23 (NA) (NA) 41 26 (NA) (NA) 2,618 1,400 (NA)Israel . . . . . . . . . . . 36 53 70 77 48 59 72 77 12,110 13,780 15,210Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . 634 879 966 1,008 847 978 986 1,008 14,830 16,960 17,330Japan . . . . . . . . . . 2,615 3,921 4,509 4,630 3,492 4,364 4,602 4,630 28,920 35,320 37,000Kenya . . . . . . . . . . 4 6 6 7 5 6 6 7 243 262 232Korea, North 1 . . . . . 26 30 21 21 35 33 21 21 1,792 1,544 906Korea, South . . . . . . 123 244 322 356 165 272 329 356 4,039 6,284 7,896Kuwait 3 . . . . . . . . . 26 25 28 28 35 28 28 28 20,500 13,050 16,600Malaysia . . . . . . . . . 25 44 60 67 34 49 62 67 2,186 2,786 3,483Mexico . . . . . . . . . . 223 294 344 363 297 327 351 363 3,877 3,837 3,940Morocco . . . . . . . . . 16 24 26 30 22 27 27 30 928 1,036 1,057Netherlands . . . . . . 199 278 315 331 266 309 321 331 18,370 20,670 21,540Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . 24 32 39 41 31 36 40 41 420 412 421Norway. . . . . . . . . . 66 85 101 108 88 95 103 108 21,270 22,390 25,030Pakistan . . . . . . . . . 26 40 49 51 35 44 50 51 352 387 399Peru . . . . . . . . . . . 32 35 42 49 42 39 43 49 2,148 1,804 2,071Philippines . . . . . . . 35 54 62 66 46 60 63 66 802 924 926Poland . . . . . . . . . . 144 163 193 206 193 182 197 206 5,182 4,769 5,336Portugal . . . . . . . . . 47 76 84 87 63 84 86 87 6,162 8,125 8,280Romania. . . . . . . . . 99 105 66 66 133 117 68 66 5,839 5,035 2,864Russia . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 777 780 (NA) (NA) 793 780 (NA) (NA) 5,216Saudi Arabia . . . . . . 94 113 123 121 126 125 125 121 9,519 7,900 6,725Serbia andMontenegro . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 10 10 (NA) (NA) 10 10 (NA) (NA) 967Slovakia . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 34 36 (NA) (NA) 35 36 (NA) (NA) 6,573Slovenia . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 15 16 (NA) (NA) 15 16 (NA) (NA) 7,819South Africa . . . . . . 80 105 114 120 107 117 116 120 3,078 2,954 2,720Spain . . . . . . . . . . . 276 414 459 478 369 461 468 478 9,587 11,830 12,150Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . 6 8 11 12 8 9 11 12 494 544 637Sweden . . . . . . . . . 132 176 181 189 176 196 185 189 21,110 22,930 21,490Switzerland . . . . . . . 175 238 256 267 234 265 262 267 35,840 39,140 37,960Syria . . . . . . . . . . . 42 51 (NA) (NA) 56 57 (NA) (NA) 5,352 4,481 (NA)Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . 91 167 219 238 121 186 224 238 6,273 9,087 11,180Tanzania. . . . . . . . . 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 67 73 74Thailand . . . . . . . . . 47 92 128 142 63 103 130 142 1,207 1,830 2,378Turkey . . . . . . . . . . 67 107 134 129 89 119 137 129 1,751 2,080 2,075United Kingdom . . . . 635 883 970 1,027 848 983 990 1,027 14,970 17,120 17,670Venezuela. . . . . . . . 33 46 58 58 45 51 59 58 2,693 2,715 2,807Zaire . . . . . . . . . . . 6 8 6 6 8 9 6 6 247 230 133

NA Not available. 1 Estimated. 2 Prior to 1991, data are for former West Germany. 3 Constant dollars are estimated.

Source: U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, annual. Data fromInternational Bank for Reconstruction and Development and U.S. Central Intelligence Agency.

Gross National Product 835

No. 1335. Gross Domestic Product, by Country: 1980 to 1994

COUNTRY

PURCHASING POWER PARITY BASIS 1 CONSTANT (1990) PRICE LEVELS AND EXCHANGE RATES 2

Amount (bil. dol.) Per capita (dollars) Amount (bil. dol.) Annual growth rate 3

(percent)

1980 1985 1990 1992 1993 1994 1980 1985 1990 1992 1993 1994 1980 1985 1990 1992 1993 1994 1992 1993 1994

OECD, total . . . . . 7,373 10,798 15,041 16,838 17,260 18,130 8,501 11,963 16,003 17,604 17,890 18,646 12,764 14,361 16,800 17,240 17,423 17,921 1.6 1.1 2.9OECD Europe 4 . . 3,087 4,368 6,106 6,921 6,917 7,232 7,517 10,391 14,130 15,808 15,694 16,321 5,714 6,200 7,229 7,386 7,357 7,548 1.1 -0.4 2.6European Union 4 . 2,870 4,035 5,620 6,368 6,328 6,645 8,079 11,244 15,427 17,307 17,116 17,914 5,344 5,776 6,730 6,871 6,828 7,019 1.0 -0.6 2.8

Australia . . . . . . . 128 194 272 289 306 328 8,678 12,303 15,941 16,541 17,332 18,382 214 251 295 297 308 323 2.5 3.8 5.0Austria . . . . . . . . 67 93 128 148 153 162 8,850 12,278 16,623 18,827 19,167 20,210 128 137 158 166 167 172 2.0 0.4 3.0Belgium. . . . . . . . 87 118 163 190 195 204 8,820 11,933 16,318 18,953 19,323 20,166 159 166 192 200 197 201 1.8 -1.6 2.2Canada . . . . . . . . 246 370 509 536 559 597 10,020 14,262 18,304 18,782 19,314 20,401 427 493 568 562 575 601 0.8 2.3 4.6Denmark . . . . . . . 45 67 85 94 99 107 8,746 12,997 16,548 18,241 19,154 20,546 106 120 129 132 134 140 0.8 1.5 4.4Finland . . . . . . . . 38 57 81 76 79 83 8,004 11,682 16,193 15,083 15,646 16,208 99 114 135 121 119 124 -3.6 -1.2 4.1France . . . . . . . . 507 712 984 1,107 1,078 1,112 9,414 12,872 17,347 19,294 18,690 19,201 957 1,031 1,195 1,221 1,203 1,235 1.3 -1.5 2.7Germany . . . . . . . 658 921 1,269 1,509 1,500 1,602 8,410 11,870 15,991 18,721 18,479 19,675 1,321 1,421 1,640 1,724 1,704 1,753 2.2 -1.2 2.9Greece . . . . . . . . 51 71 92 109 112 118 5,283 7,131 9,133 10,537 10,783 11,315 70 75 82 85 84 85 0.4 -0.9 1.5Iceland . . . . . . . . 2 3 4 5 5 5 9,495 13,104 17,267 18,348 18,696 19,271 5 5 6 6 6 6 -3.2 1.0 2.8Ireland . . . . . . . . 18 27 39 48 49 54 5,291 7,501 11,245 13,416 13,791 15,212 32 36 45 48 49 53 3.9 3.1 6.7Italy . . . . . . . . . . 478 666 923 1,045 1,011 1,068 8,464 11,756 16,274 18,377 17,709 18,681 880 943 1,095 1,116 1,103 1,127 0.7 -1.2 2.2Japan . . . . . . . . . 936 1,463 2,174 2,485 2,528 2,594 8,011 12,112 17,596 19,986 20,279 20,756 1,960 2,354 2,932 3,091 3,084 3,100 1.1 -0.2 0.5Luxembourg . . . . . 4 6 9 10 11 12 10,852 15,855 22,929 26,752 28,135 29,454 7 8 10 11 11 11 1.9 (Z) 3.3Mexico . . . . . . . . 244 349 446 621 637 673 3,499 4,479 5,180 6,939 6,987 7,239 207 228 244 260 262 271 2.8 0.6 3.5Netherlands . . . . . 124 172 239 269 271 286 8,750 11,839 15,958 17,693 17,743 18,589 229 243 284 296 297 305 2.0 0.2 2.7New Zealand . . . . 24 37 45 49 53 57 7,711 11,185 13,484 14,307 15,206 16,248 36 42 44 44 47 49 3.0 5.4 6.1Norway . . . . . . . . 38 58 74 88 92 95 9,205 13,898 17,497 20,612 21,328 21,968 91 107 115 123 125 132 3.3 2.1 5.7Portugal . . . . . . . 44 60 92 113 117 122 4,548 6,035 9,371 11,407 11,796 12,335 50 52 67 69 69 69 1.1 -1.2 0.8Spain . . . . . . . . . 219 308 458 522 521 532 5,868 8,018 11,787 13,374 13,323 13,581 366 395 492 506 501 511 0.7 -1.2 2.1Sweden. . . . . . . . 77 109 146 149 147 153 9,250 13,057 17,004 17,205 16,823 17,422 188 205 230 224 218 223 -1.4 -2.6 2.2Switzerland . . . . . 75 104 143 159 161 167 11,720 15,969 21,283 23,088 23,183 23,942 184 197 226 225 223 226 -0.3 -0.8 1.2Turkey. . . . . . . . . 102 169 264 300 331 319 2,284 3,327 4,660 5,143 5,562 5,271 91 115 151 161 174 165 6.0 8.0 -5.5United Kingdom . . 453 649 912 980 986 1,030 8,039 11,449 15,874 16,890 16,943 17,650 752 828 976 951 972 1,010 -0.5 2.2 3.8United States . . . 2,708 4,017 5,490 5,937 6,260 6,650 11,892 16,844 21,966 23,246 24,252 25,512 4,205 4,793 5,490 5,600 5,791 6,027 2.5 3.4 4.1

Z Less than 0.05 percent. 1 The goods and services produced in different countries should be valued consistently if the differences observed are meant to reflect real differences in the volumes of goods andservices produced. The use of purchasing power parities (PPP) instead of exchange rates is intended to achieve this objective. PPP’s show how many units of currency are needed in one country to buy the sameamount of goods and services which one unit of currency will buy in the other country. See text, section 30. 2 Based on constant (1990) price data converted to U.S. dollars using 1990 exchange rates. 3 Percentchange from immediate prior year. Minus sign (-) indicates decrease. 4 For countries, see text, section 30.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, National Accounts, Main Aggregates, vol. I, annual (copyright).

Com

parativeInternationalS

tatistics836

No. 1336. Selected International Economic Indicators, by Country: 1980 to 1995

[Data cover gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices. Gross fixed capital formation covers private and government sectorsexcept military. Savings data are calculated by deducting outlays—such as personal consumption expenditures, interest paid, andtransfer payments to foreigners—from disposable personal income]

YEAR UnitedStates France Ger-

many Italy Nether-lands

UnitedKingdom Japan Canada

Ratio of gross fixed capital formation toGDP (current prices):1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.6 23.0 22.6 24.3 21.6 17.9 31.6 23.31990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2 21.4 20.9 20.3 20.9 19.5 31.7 21.11992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.0 20.1 23.1 19.2 20.0 15.7 30.4 18.71993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4 18.5 21.8 16.9 19.3 15.0 29.5 18.11994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2 18.0 22.0 16.6 19.3 14.9 28.7 18.61995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.7 18.0 21.7 17.0 19.7 14.9 28.4 17.6

Ratio of savings to disposable personalincome:1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 17.6 14.2 21.6 11.0 13.4 17.9 13.31990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 12.5 14.7 18.2 15.6 8.1 12.1 9.51992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 13.6 13.9 17.7 13.0 12.2 13.1 10.21993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 14.1 12.9 15.8 12.0 11.4 13.4 9.41994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 13.6 12.2 14.8 11.3 9.6 12.8 7.81995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 14.3 12.3 13.1 (NA) 10.1 13.4 7.3

NA Not available.

Source: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, International Trade Administration, Office of Trade and Economic Analysis, based on officialstatistics of listed countries.

No. 1337. At-Home Food and Beverage Expenditures, by Country: 1992[Percent of total personal consumption expenditures. Expenditures spent on food and alcoholic beverages

that were consumed at home]

COUNTRY Food 1 Alcoholicbeverages

United States . . . . . . . 7.8 1.1Australia . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5 4.2Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 2.7Colombia. . . . . . . . . . . 29.6 3.7Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . 15.7 3.4France . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.5 2.0Germany. . . . . . . . . . . 218.3 (NA)Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.7 3.0India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.8 0.5Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.6 11.5Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.1 0.7Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.6 1.0Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320.8 (NA)

COUNTRY Food 1 Alcoholicbeverages

Korea, South . . . . . . . . 333.6 (NA)Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . 333.7 (NA)Netherlands . . . . . . . . . 12.5 1.5Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.8 3.1Russia 4 . . . . . . . . . . . 38.4 3.9Singapore . . . . . . . . . . 17.0 2.0South Africa. . . . . . . . . 30.3 5.1Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321.3 (NA)Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3 2.9Switzerland . . . . . . . . . 225.1 (NA)Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . 26.3 4.1United Kingdom . . . . . . 11.9 6.2Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . 237.1 (NA)

NA Not available. 1 Food expenditures include nonalcoholic beverages. 2 Food expenditures include all beverages.3 Food expenditures include all beverages and tobacco. 4 This data was published by the Statistical Committee of theCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Moscow, 1995.

Source: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1996: AnnualData, 1970-94.

No. 1338. Per Capita Consumption of Meat and Poultry: 1994

[Preliminary. In pounds per capita. Beef, veal, and pork quantities are as of September and in carcass-weightequivalents; poultry quantities are as of July and are on ready-to-cook basis]

COUNTRYPORK

COUNTRYPOULTRY

COUNTRYBEEF AND VEAL

Quantity Rank Quantity Rank Quantity Rank

Denmark. . . . . . . . . 147 1 Israel . . . . . . . . . . 98 1 Uruguay . . . . . . . . 189 1Spain . . . . . . . . . . . 118 2 United States . . . . 92 2 Argentina. . . . . . . . 144 2Belgium-Luxembourg . . . . . 116 3 Hong Kong . . . . . . 90 3 United States . . . . 98 3Austria . . . . . . . . . . 113 4 Singapore . . . . . . . 85 4 Australia . . . . . . . . 82 4Germany . . . . . . . . 107 5 Canada . . . . . . . . . 69 5 Canada . . . . . . . . . 78 5Netherlands . . . . . . 103 6 Saudi Arabia . . . . . 67 6 New Zealand . . . . . 64 6Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . 89 7 Taiwan . . . . . . . . . 61 7 France . . . . . . . . . 61 7Switzerland . . . . . . . 86 8 Australia . . . . . . . . 59 8 Italy . . . . . . . . . . . 58 8France . . . . . . . . . . 85 9 Spain . . . . . . . . . . 53 9 Brazil . . . . . . . . . . 56 9Singapore . . . . . . . . 84 10 United Kingdom . . . 51 10 Kazakstan . . . . . . . 54 10United States . . . . . 68 18

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, World Poultry Situation and World Livestock Situation,annual.

Economic Indicators—Food Expenditures—Meat Consumption 837

No. 1339. Percent of Households Owning Selected Appliances, by Country: 1990-1991

APPLIANCE UnitedStates 1 2

Bel-gium

Den-mark France Ger-

many 3 Italy Nether-lands Spain Sweden Swit-

zerland

UnitedKing-dom

Cassette recorder. . . (NA) 75 82 76 74 64 81 67 88 82 82Clothes washer . . . . 77 88 274 88 88 96 89 87 72 78 488Dishwasher . . . . . . . 45 26 236 32 34 18 11 11 31 32 11Food processor . . . . (NA) 91 83 83 92 48 84 50 77 91 80Microwave oven. . . . 84 21 231 19 36 6 22 9 37 15 48Radio. . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 90 98 98 84 92 99 95 93 99 90Television set,color/mono . . . . . . 98 97 98 95 97 98 95 98 97 93 498Tumbledrier. . . . . . . 72 39 230 12 17 10 27 5 18 27 32Vacuum cleaner . . . . (NA) 92 96 89 96 56 98 29 97 93 98Video recorder . . . . . (NA) 42 63 35 42 25 50 40 48 41 69

NANot available. 1 Represents appliances possessed and generally used by the household (as of November). Source: U.S.Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review. 2 1993 data. 3 Former West Germany. 4 1992 data.

Source: Except as noted, Euromonitor PLC, London, England, European Marketing Data and Statistics, annual, (copyright).

No. 1340. Motor Vehicle Registrations, by Country: 1993

COUNTRY

ALL VEHICLES PASSENGER CARS

Number(mil.)

Personsper

vehicle

Number(mil.)

Personsper car

Argentina . . . . 6.5 5 4.9 7Australia . . . . . 10.5 2 8.3 2Austria . . . . . . 4.1 2 3.4 2Belgium . . . . . 4.6 2 4.1 2Bulgaria . . . . . 1.5 6 1.4 6Canada. . . . . . 17.2 2 13.5 2Chile . . . . . . . 1.0 13 0.7 19Costa Rica . . . 0.3 12 0.1 23Denmark . . . . . 1.9 3 1.6 3DominicanRepublic . . . . 0.2 40 0.1 66Ecuador . . . . . 0.5 22 0.2 56Finland . . . . . . 2.1 2 1.9 3France . . . . . . 29.5 2 24.4 2Germany. . . . . 42.0 2 39.2 2Greece . . . . . . 2.8 4 2.0 5Hong Kong . . . 0.5 12 0.3 18Hungary . . . . . 2.3 4 2.1 5Ireland . . . . . . 1.1 3 0.9 4

COUNTRY

ALL VEHICLES PASSENGER CARS

Number(mil.)

Personsper

vehicle

Number(mil.)

Personsper car

Israel . . . . . . . 1.2 4 1.0 5Italy . . . . . . . . 32.3 2 29.6 2Japan . . . . . . . 63.4 2 40.8 3Kuwait . . . . . . 0.7 3 0.5 3Netherlands . . . 6.4 2 5.8 3New Zealand . . 2.3 1 1.6 2Norway . . . . . . 2.0 2 1.6 3Panama . . . . . 0.2 11 0.2 16Paraguay . . . . 0.1 48 0.1 79Poland . . . . . . 7.9 5 6.5 6Portugal . . . . . 3.0 4 2.2 5Puerto Rico . . . 1.6 2 1.4 2Singapore . . . . 0.4 6 0.3 9Sweden . . . . . 3.9 2 3.6 2Switzerland . . . 3.4 2 3.1 2Syria . . . . . . . 0.3 55 0.1 126Thailand . . . . . 2.8 21 1.0 57United States . 194.0 1 146.3 2Uruguay . . . . . 0.3 11 0.2 16

Source: American Automobile Manufactures Association, Inc., Detroit, MI, AAMA Motor Vehicle Facts & Figures, annual,(copyright).

No. 1341. Motor Vehicle Miles of Travel for Selected Countries

COUNTRY Year

TOTAL VEHICLE MILES(billions) AVERAGE VEHICLE MILES PER—

Auto-mobile

Motor-cycle Bus Truck Auto-

mobileMotor-cycle Bus Truck

Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1990 138.2 0.7 1.3 48.3 10,371 2,184 19,823 7,001France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1993 213.1 3.7 2.5 65.9 8,740 1,247 32,704 13,202Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1991 288.4 7.0 2.7 26.9 7,674 2,955 31,706 16,208Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1992 252.1 (NA) 4.4 164.9 6,183 (NA) 17,724 7,380Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1991 22.7 0.7 0.3 9.7 3,027 2,532 3,141 2,765Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1993 26.6 (NA) (NA) (NA) 7,456 (NA) (NA) (NA)United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1993 207.2 2.8 2.9 39.9 10,186 3,922 26,713 10,271United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1993 1,624.0 9.9 6.1 656.6 11,099 2,486 9,353 13,942

NA Not available.

Source: U.S. Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics, 1994.

Comparative International Statistics838

No. 1343. Tax Revenues, by Country: 1980 to 1993

[Covers national and local taxes and Social Security contributions. Minus sign (-) indicates decrease]

COUNTRY

TAXREVENUES,

1993

PERCENT CHANGE IN TOTAL TAXREVENUE AS EXPRESSED IN

NATIONAL CURRENCY 1TAX REVENUES AS PERCENT OFGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT

Total(bil.dol.)

Percapita(dol.)

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1980 1985 1990 1992 1993

Australia . . . . . . . 83.8 4,745 8.8 3.0 -3.4 2.8 6.6 28.4 30.1 30.7 28.6 28.7Austria . . . . . . . . 79.4 9,933 4.3 8.4 8.5 9.7 4.3 41.2 43.1 41.3 43.3 43.6Belgium . . . . . . . 96.1 9,604 4.6 7.3 5.0 5.3 3.9 44.4 47.9 45.1 45.1 45.7Canada. . . . . . . . 198.8 6,915 10.2 5.5 2.5 0.6 2.0 31.6 33.1 36.5 36.2 35.6Denmark . . . . . . . 67.3 12,961 2.8 0.2 3.8 4.0 3.7 45.5 49.0 48.7 49.4 49.9Finland . . . . . . . . 38.4 7,580 12.4 10.7 -1.7 -2.9 -1.8 36.9 40.8 45.4 46.8 45.7

France . . . . . . . . 548.8 9,516 7.1 5.7 4.6 2.7 1.7 41.7 44.5 43.7 43.6 43.9Germany 2. . . . . . 745.7 11,379 7.7 4.5 22.3 10.1 3.0 38.2 38.1 36.7 38.9 39.0Greece . . . . . . . . 30.1 2,909 15.0 30.1 27.0 20.4 14.1 29.4 35.1 37.5 40.8 41.2Iceland . . . . . . . . 1.9 7,315 23.6 14.3 8.9 2.7 0.5 30.2 28.6 31.4 32.2 31.3Ireland . . . . . . . . 17.3 4,857 1.7 6.3 5.6 7.3 7.9 33.8 36.4 35.3 36.2 36.3Italy . . . . . . . . . . 470.7 8,247 12.8 13.6 10.4 11.7 17.0 30.2 34.5 39.1 42.1 47.8Japan . . . . . . . . . 1,228.9 9,858 8.4 9.6 3.6 -3.3 0.6 25.4 27.6 31.3 29.2 29.1Luxembourg . . . . 5.6 14,478 11.0 9.2 5.0 8.0 13.3 46.0 47.4 42.5 41.9 44.6Netherlands . . . . . 148.4 9,701 -0.2 5.9 11.2 3.4 4.1 44.7 44.1 44.6 47.0 48.0

New Zealand . . . . 16.2 4,674 14.2 -1.1 -3.6 5.0 8.0 32.9 33.5 37.4 36.4 35.7Norway . . . . . . . . 47.3 10,978 2.5 7.1 5.7 1.1 2.7 47.1 47.6 46.3 46.5 45.7Portugal . . . . . . . 26.6 2,701 20.7 18.7 19.3 20.5 0.1 28.7 31.6 31.0 33.4 31.4Spain . . . . . . . . . 167.8 4,287 18.5 10.7 10.6 11.5 0.4 24.1 28.8 34.4 36.0 35.1Sweden . . . . . . . 92.5 10,611 12.0 10.6 0.8 -5.6 0.1 48.8 50.0 55.6 49.9 49.9Switzerland . . . . . 77.1 11,103 5.4 7.3 4.4 4.6 5.5 30.8 32.0 31.5 31.9 33.2Turkey . . . . . . . . 40.9 688 84.6 85.4 68.0 85.4 83.2 18.1 15.3 20.0 22.4 23.5United Kingdom . . 316.3 5,470 8.0 7.4 2.5 2.5 0.1 35.3 37.9 36.4 35.4 33.6United States . . . 1,836.0 7,128 8.2 5.0 3.6 4.3 6.4 29.3 28.7 29.4 29.5 29.7

1 Change from previous year. 2 Prior to 1991, data are for former West Germany.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, Revenue Statistics of OECD MemberCountries, annual (copyright).

No. 1344. Percent Distribution of Tax Receipts, by Country: 1980 to 1993

COUNTRY Total 1

INCOME AND PROFITSTAXES 2

SOCIAL SECURITYCONTRIBUTIONS

TAXES ON GOODS ANDSERVICES 5

Total 3 Indi-vidual

Corpo-rate Total 4 Employ-

eesEmploy-ers Total 3

Generalcon-sump-tion

taxes 6

Taxes onspecificgoods,serv-ices 7

United States: 1980 . . . . . . 100.0 47.0 36.9 10.2 26.2 10.0 15.5 16.6 6.6 7.81990 . . . . . 100.0 43.2 35.8 7.4 29.5 11.6 16.6 16.5 7.6 6.81993 . . . . . 100.0 42.4 34.5 7.9 29.2 11.5 16.5 17.2 7.6 7.4

Canada: 1980. . . . . . . . . . 100.0 46.6 34.1 11.6 10.5 3.7 6.6 32.6 11.5 13.01990 . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 48.8 41.0 7.2 14.4 4.4 9.7 26.0 14.5 9.61993 . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 44.1 37.9 5.7 16.6 5.4 11.0 26.6 14.9 9.6

France: 1980 . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 18.1 12.9 5.1 42.7 11.1 28.4 30.4 21.1 8.41990 . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 17.2 11.8 5.3 44.1 13.2 27.2 28.4 18.8 8.71993 . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 17.4 13.9 3.4 44.6 13.6 27.3 26.7 17.1 8.7

Germany 8: 1980. . . . . . . . 100.0 35.1 29.6 5.5 34.3 15.3 18.4 27.1 16.6 9.31990 . . . . . . . 100.0 32.4 27.6 4.8 37.5 16.2 19.1 26.7 16.6 9.21993 . . . . . . . 100.0 30.7 27.1 3.6 38.7 16.9 19.7 27.8 17.5 9.1

Italy: 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 31.1 23.1 7.8 38.0 6.9 28.4 26.5 15.6 9.71990 . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 36.5 26.3 10.0 32.9 6.3 23.6 28.0 14.7 10.61993 . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 34.0 24.9 8.5 37.1 6.0 27.4 23.7 11.7 9.4

Japan: 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 46.1 24.3 21.8 29.1 10.2 14.8 16.3 - 14.11990 . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 48.3 26.8 21.5 29.2 10.9 15.0 13.2 4.2 7.31993 . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 40.6 25.6 14.9 33.6 12.7 17.4 14.4 5.1 7.5

Netherlands: 1980 . . . . . . . 100.0 32.8 26.3 6.6 38.1 15.7 17.8 25.2 15.8 7.31990 . . . . . . . 100.0 32.2 24.7 7.5 37.4 23.1 7.5 26.4 16.5 7.51993 . . . . . . . 100.0 32.4 25.4 7.0 38.2 24.0 6.9 25.3 14.5 8.2

Sweden: 1980 . . . . . . . . . 100.0 43.5 41.0 2.5 28.8 0.1 27.6 24.0 13.4 9.21990 . . . . . . . . . 100.0 41.6 38.5 3.1 27.2 0.1 26.0 25.0 14.9 9.21993 . . . . . . . . . 100.0 41.3 36.8 4.5 27.6 0.2 26.3 27.4 17.0 9.4

United Kingdom: 1980 . . . . 100.0 38.2 29.8 8.3 16.6 6.7 9.5 29.2 14.4 13.11990 . . . . 100.0 39.3 28.5 10.8 17.1 6.5 9.9 30.9 16.6 12.81993 . . . . 100.0 35.0 27.8 7.2 17.8 6.6 10.5 35.3 19.5 14.1

- Represents zero. 1 Includes property taxes, employer payroll taxes other than Social Security contributions, andmiscellaneous taxes, not shown separately. 2 Includes taxes on capital gains. 3 Includes other taxes not shown separately.4 Includes contributions of self-employed not shown separately. 5 Taxes on the production, sales, transfer, leasing, and deliveryof goods and services and rendering of services. 6 Primary value-added and sales taxes. 7 For example, excise taxes onalcohol, tobacco, and gasoline. 8 Prior to 1990, data are for former West Germany.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, Revenue Statistics of OECD MemberCountries, annual (copyright).

Comparative International Statistics840

No. 1345. Employee-Employer Payroll Tax Rates for Social Security Programs,by Country: 1981 to 1995

[In percent. Covers old-age, disability and survivors insurance, public health or sickness insurance,workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance, and family allowance programs]

COUNTRY

ALL SOCIAL SECURITY PROGRAMS OLD-AGE, DISABILITY, SURVIVORS INSURANCE

1981 19911995

1981 19911995

Total Employer Employee Total Employer Employee

United States . . . . 17.60 20.50 21.00 13.35 7.65 10.70 12.40 12.40 6.20 6.20Austria . . . . . . . . 35.80 139.40 242.50 25.30 17.20 21.10 22.80 22.80 12.55 10.25Belgium . . . . . . . 34.70 39.33 40.51 27.44 13.07 15.11 16.36 16.36 8.86 7.50Canada. . . . . . . . 27.92 210.00 2 314.10 8.40 5.70 3.60 4.60 5.40 2.70 2.70France . . . . . . . . 47.55 54.41 52.58 34.31 18.27 13.00 17.00 16.25 8.20 8.05Germany 4. . . . . . 34.80 36.16 334.54 17.99 16.55 18.50 17.70 18.60 9.30 9.30Ireland . . . . . . . . 14.95 21.70 3 519.95 512.20 57.75 12.00 18.70 5 619.95 5 612.20 5 67.75Italy . . . . . . . . . . 54.30 55.72 56.96 47.62 9.34 24.46 27.42 29.64 21.30 8.34Japan . . . . . . . . . 21.41 24.86 26.62 14.38 12.24 10.60 714.50 16.50 8.25 8.25Netherlands . . . . . 54.85 43.73 349.68 10.75 38.93 32.45 20.25 25.78 - 25.78Norway . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 322.00 14.20 7.80 (NA) (NA) 622.00 614.20 67.80Spain . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 38.30 32.00 6.30 (NA) (NA) 828.30 823.60 84.70Sweden . . . . . . . 32.65 34.11 334.91 30.96 93.95 21.15 20.95 20.03 19.03 1.00Switzerland . . . . . 11.90 12.00 14.14 7.74 6.40 9.40 9.60 9.80 4.90 4.90United Kingdom . . 21.45 21.45 3 522.20 510.20 512.00 (NA) (NA) 5 622.20 5 610.20 5 612.00

- Represents zero. NANot available. 1 Sickness and maternity refers to wage earners. 2 Excludes work-injury. 3 Thecentral government pays the whole cost of family allowances. 4 Prior to 1991, data are for former West Germany. 5 Rangeaccording to earnings brackets. Higher rate is shown, which applies to highest earnings class. 6 Includes rate for public healthor sickness insurance, workers’ compensation, and unemployment insurance. 7 OASDI rate refers to male employees andcontributions for employee pension insurance only. 8 Includes rate for public health or sickness insurace and family allowanceprograms. 9 Plus flat amount for unemployment insurance.

Source: U.S. Social Security Administration, Office of Research and Statistics, Social Security Programs Throughout theWorld, biannual.

No. 1346. Annual Percent Change in Consumer Prices, by Country: 1991 to 1995[Change from previous year. See text, section 30, for general comments concerning the data. For additional qualifications

of the data for individual countries, see source]

COUNTRY 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

United States . . . . . . . . . 4 3 3 3 3Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . 172 25 11 4 3Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 2 2 5Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 3 2 2Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 1,009 2,148 2,669 84Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 2 - 2Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 15 13 11 8Colombia. . . . . . . . . . . . 30 27 23 24 21France . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 2 2 2Germany. . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 4 3 2India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 12 6 10 10Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8 10 9 9Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 26 21 32 50Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 12 11 12 10Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5 5 4 5Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 1 1 -

COUNTRY 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

Korea, South . . . . . . . . . 9 6 5 6 5Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 4 4 5Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 16 10 7 35Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 2 2 3Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 45 57 57 73Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 2 1 3Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 10 10 12 12Philippines. . . . . . . . . . . 19 9 8 9 8Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 211 255 137 32South Africa. . . . . . . . . . 15 14 10 9 9Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6 5 5 5Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2 5 2 3Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . 6 4 3 1 2Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 70 66 106 94United Kingdom . . . . . . . 6 4 2 3 3Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . . 34 31 38 61 60

- Represents or rounds to zero.

Source: International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, International Financial Statistics, monthly (copyright).

No. 1347. Civilian Employment-Population Ratio and Females as Percent of TotalCivilian Employment, by Country: 1980 to 1994

[See headnote, table 1348]

COUNTRY

CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT-POPULATION RATIO 1CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT,

PERCENT FEMALEWomen Men

1980 1990 1993 1994 1980 1990 1993 1994 1980 1990 1993 1994

United States . . 47.7 54.3 54.1 255.3 72.0 72.0 70.0 270.4 42.4 45.2 45.7 246.0Australia . . . . . . 41.9 49.3 47.6 48.6 75.1 71.2 65.9 67.0 36.4 41.5 42.4 42.6Canada . . . . . . 46.2 54.0 51.7 51.9 73.0 70.1 64.9 65.4 39.7 44.4 45.2 45.2France . . . . . . . 40.3 41.5 40.8 340.6 68.6 61.3 58.4 358.1 39.5 43.0 43.7 43.7Germany 4 . . . . 38.9 40.9 341.4 341.2 69.9 65.6 361.7 360.0 39.2 41.0 342.3 342.8Italy . . . . . . . . . 27.9 29.2 2 328.7 328.3 66.0 60.0 2 358.8 357.2 31.7 34.7 2 334.8 335.1Japan . . . . . . . 45.7 48.0 48.3 48.0 77.9 75.4 75.9 75.4 38.4 40.3 40.3 40.3Sweden . . . . . . 58.0 61.8 55.5 354.5 73.6 70.6 61.6 361.1 45.2 47.8 48.7 48.4United Kingdom . 44.8 49.6 48.8 349.0 72.8 69.7 64.2 364.7 40.4 43.5 45.1 345.0

1 Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian working age population. 2 Break in series. Data not comparable with prioryears. 3 Preliminary. 4 Former West Germany.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Comparative Labor Force Statistics for Ten Countries, 1959-1995, June 1996.

Social Security—Prices—Employment 841

No. 1348. Civilian Labor Force, Employment, and Unemployment, by Country:1980 to 1994

[Data based on U.S. labor force definitions (see source) except that minimum age for population base varies as follows: United States,France, Sweden, and United Kingdom, 16 years; Australia, Canada, Japan, Netherlands, Germany, and Italy (beginning 1993), 15years; and Italy (prior to 1993) 14 years]

YEAR UnitedStates

Aus-tralia Canada France Ger-

many 1 Italy Japan Nether-lands Sweden

UnitedKing-dom

Civilian labor force (mil.):1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.9 6.7 12.0 22.9 27.3 21.1 55.7 5.9 4.3 26.51985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.5 7.3 13.1 23.6 28.0 21.8 58.8 6.2 4.4 27.21990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2125.8 8.4 14.3 24.3 29.4 22.7 63.0 6.8 4.6 28.51992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.1 8.6 14.5 24.6 330.0 322.9 65.0 37.0 4.5 28.41993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.2 8.6 14.7 24.7 330.0 2 322.8 65.5 37.1 4.4 28.31994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2131.1 8.8 14.8 25.0 329.8 322.6 65.8 37.3 4.4 328.3

Labor force participation rate: 41980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 62.1 64.6 57.5 54.7 48.2 62.6 55.4 66.9 62.51985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.8 61.6 65.8 56.8 54.7 47.2 62.3 55.5 66.9 62.11990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266.5 64.6 67.3 55.6 55.3 47.2 62.6 56.8 67.4 63.71992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.4 63.9 65.9 55.9 355.1 347.5 63.4 357.9 65.7 62.91993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.3 63.6 65.5 55.7 354.2 2 348.1 63.3 358.4 64.5 62.81994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266.6 63.9 65.3 356.0 353.7 347.5 63.1 359.6 63.9 362.6

Civilian employment (mil.):1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.3 6.3 11.1 21.4 26.5 20.2 54.6 5.5 4.2 24.71985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.2 6.7 11.7 21.2 26.0 20.5 57.3 5.6 4.3 24.21990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2118.8 7.9 13.2 22.1 28.0 21.1 61.7 6.3 4.5 26.61992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.5 7.6 12.8 22.0 328.7 321.2 63.6 36.5 4.3 25.51993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.3 7.7 13.0 21.8 328.2 2 320.4 63.8 36.5 4.0 25.31994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2123.1 7.9 13.3 21.8 327.9 320.1 63.9 36.6 4.0 325.6

Employment-population ratio: 51980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.2 58.3 59.7 53.8 53.1 46.1 61.3 52.1 65.6 58.11985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.1 56.5 58.9 50.9 50.7 44.4 60.6 50.1 65.0 55.11990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.8 60.1 61.9 50.5 52.6 43.9 61.3 52.5 66.1 59.21992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5 57.0 58.4 50.0 352.6 344.0 62.0 353.8 62.0 56.51993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 56.6 58.2 49.1 351.1 2 343.1 61.7 353.2 58.5 56.21994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.5 57.7 58.5 348.9 350.2 342.1 61.3 353.8 57.7 356.5

Unemployment rate:1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 6.1 7.5 6.5 2.8 4.4 2.0 6.0 2.0 7.01985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 8.3 10.5 10.5 7.2 6.0 2.6 9.6 2.8 11.21990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.6 6.9 8.1 9.1 5.0 7.0 2.1 7.5 1.8 7.01992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 10.8 11.3 10.5 34.6 37.3 2.2 37.2 5.6 10.11993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 10.9 11.2 11.9 35.7 2 310.2 2.5 38.8 9.3 10.51994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.1 9.7 10.4 12.7 36.5 311.3 2.9 39.6 9.6 39.6Under 25 years old . . . . . . 12.5 17.3 16.5 627.8 (NA) 32.4 5.5 (NA) 23.0 616.2Teenagers 7 . . . . . . . . . 17.6 23.0 18.9 626.4 (NA) 37.0 7.7 (NA) 25.0 618.620 to 24 years old . . . . . 9.7 13.8 15.0 628.0 (NA) 30.8 5.0 (NA) 22.4 614.9

25 years old and over . . . . 4.8 7.6 9.2 610.9 (NA) 7.8 2.5 (NA) 7.8 68.3

NA Not available. 1 Former West Germany. 2 Break in series. Data not comparable with prior years. 3Preliminary.4 Civilian labor force as a percent of the civilian working age population. Germany and Japan include the institutionalized populationas part of the working age population. 5 Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian working age population. Germany andJapan include the institutionalized population as part of the working age population. 6 French data are for March and UnitedKingdom data are for the Spring quarter. 7 16 to 19 years old in the United States, France, Sweden, and the United Kingdom;15 to 19 years old in Canada, Australia, Italy, and Japan.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Comparative Labor Force Statistics for Ten Countries, 1959-1995, June 1996, andMonthly Labor Review.

No. 1349. Female Labor Force Participation Rates, by Country: 1984 and 1994[In percent . Female labor force of all ages divided by female population 15-64 years old]

COUNTRY 1984 1994

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 63.7Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.7 63.2Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.5 62.1Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.7 56.1Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.5 67.8Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.8 73.8Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.9 69.9France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.3 59.5Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.3 61.8Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140.4 44.6Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 80.0Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.8 47.6Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140.3 43.2

COUNTRY 1984 1994

Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 62.1Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.7 47.3Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 40.0Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.7 57.1New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.0 65.0Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.5 71.3Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.0 62.2Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.2 44.1Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.3 74.4Switzerland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.2 67.5Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 33.7United Kingdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157.2 65.4

NA Not available. 1 1983 data. 2 Former West Germany.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD in Figures, Statistics on the MemberCountries, annual.

Comparative International Statistics842

No. 1350. Civilian Employment, by Industry and Country: 1980 and 1993[Data based on U.S. labor force definitions except that minimum age for population base varies as follows: United States, France,Sweden, and United Kingdom, 16 years; Australia, Canada, Germany, Italy (beginning 1993), Japan and Netherlands, 15 years;and Italy (prior to 1993), 14 years. For the United States, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, and Sweden the data are not comparablebetween 1980 and 1993. Industries based on International Standard Industrial Classification; see text, section 31]

INDUSTRY UnitedStates

Aus-tralia Canada France Ger-

many 1 Italy Japan Nether-lands Sweden United

Kingdom

TOTAL EMPLOYMENT (1,000)

1980, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,303 6,284 11,082 21,443 26,486 20,195 54,600 5,520 4,214 25,004Agriculture, forestry, fishing . . . . . . 3,529 410 597 1,821 1,373 2,870 5,510 285 237 654Industry 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,136 1,798 3,033 7,523 11,373 37,694 19,180 1,642 1,327 9,059Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,942 1,222 2,187 5,530 8,998 5,433 13,630 1,176 1,025 7,081

Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,638 4,072 7,452 12,099 13,740 9,631 29,910 3,593 2,650 15,291Public utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,179 130 (NA) 190 215 (3) 300 50 36 353Wholesale and retail trade,restaurants and hotels. . . . . . . 21,339 1,494 (NA) 3,440 4,079 3,765 12,980 985 582 4,818Transport and communication . . 5,619 458 (NA) 1,329 1,572 1,124 3,500 328 295 1,580Finance, insurance, real estate,and business. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,351 578 (NA) 1,603 1,540 518 3,170 435 283 1,837Community, social, personal 4 . . 30,148 1,405 (NA) 5,536 6,335 4,224 9,920 1,794 1,454 6,703

1993, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,259 7,680 13,015 21,777 28,227 20,242 63,810 56,576 4,015 25,129Agriculture, forestry, fishing . . . . . . 3,300 411 558 1,101 830 1,657 3,650 5267 159 545Industry 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,659 1,715 2,739 5,826 10,131 36,718 21,670 51,609 982 6,434Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,711 1,073 1,893 4,276 8,209 4,731 15,260 51,199 734 (NA)

Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,300 5,554 9,718 14,850 17,266 11,868 38,490 54,700 2,875 18,150Public utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,248 96 (NA) 205 348 (3) 350 546 35 (NA)Wholesale and retail trade,restaurants and hotels. . . . . . . 26,615 1,960 (NA) 3,676 4,835 4,270 15,200 51,166 576 (NA)Transport and communication . . 6,531 487 (NA) 1,479 1,636 1,147 3,960 5426 279 (NA)Finance, insurance, real estate,and business. . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,706 957 (NA) 2,202 2,534 706 5,210 5727 378 (NA)Community, social, personal 4 . . 42,200 2,055 (NA) 7,288 7,912 5,743 13,750 52,335 1,606 (NA)

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

1980, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Agriculture, forestry, fishing . . . . . . 4 6 5 9 5 14 10 5 6 3Industry 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 29 27 35 43 338 35 30 32 36Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 65 67 56 52 48 55 65 63 61

1993, total . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 5100 100 100Agriculture, forestry, fishing . . . . . . 3 5 4 5 3 8 6 54 4 2Industry 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 22 21 27 36 333 34 524 25 26Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 72 75 68 61 59 60 572 72 72

NA Not available. 1 1980 data for former West Germany. 2 Includes mining and construction. 3 Public utilities includedin industry. 4 Includes public administration, education, health, and recreation services. 5 1992 data.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Productivity and Technology, Monthly Labor Review, October 1993 andunpublished data.

No. 1351. Index of Industrial Production, by Country: 1980 to 1995[Industrial production index measures output in the manufacturing, mining, and electric and gas utilities industries.

Minus sign (-) indicates decrease]

COUNTRYINDEX (1990=100) ANNUAL PERCENT CHANGE

1980 1985 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1980-81

1985-86

1991-92

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

OECD, total . . . . . 78.9 86.3 99.6 99.4 98.9 103.6 106.5 0.3 1.2 -0.2 -0.5 4.8 2.8Australia 1. . . . . . . . 73.7 86.6 98.0 99.0 103.5 111.6 112.9 3.1 -0.2 1.0 4.5 7.8 1.2Austria . . . . . . . . . . 76.1 82.5 101.9 100.5 99.0 102.4 107.9 -1.6 1.1 -1.4 -1.5 3.4 5.4Belgium . . . . . . . . . 82.1 85.5 98.0 98.0 92.9 94.6 98.6 -2.7 0.8 - -5.2 1.8 4.2Canada 2 . . . . . . . . 81.5 94.5 95.8 96.9 101.2 107.8 112.0 2.0 -0.7 1.1 4.4 6.5 3.9Finland. . . . . . . . . . 75.3 87.8 90.3 92.4 97.2 108.3 115.8 2.5 1.6 2.3 5.2 11.4 6.9France . . . . . . . . . . 89.2 89.3 98.9 98.9 93.9 97.4 99.0 -1.0 0.8 - -5.1 3.7 1.6Germany 3 . . . . . . . 83.0 85.6 103.6 101.0 93.6 96.9 97.7 -1.8 1.8 -2.5 -7.3 3.5 0.8Greece. . . . . . . . . . 90.8 98.2 98.6 97.4 95.4 96.3 98.5 0.9 -1.0 -1.2 -2.1 0.9 2.3Ireland . . . . . . . . . . 54.2 69.5 103.3 112.7 119.0 133.2 158.3 5.4 2.3 9.1 5.6 11.9 18.8Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.5 84.8 99.1 97.8 95.7 102.2 107.8 -2.2 4.1 -1.3 -2.1 6.8 5.5Japan . . . . . . . . . . 67.3 79.8 101.9 96.0 92.0 93.1 96.2 1.0 -0.3 -5.8 -4.2 1.2 3.3Luxembourg . . . . . . 69.7 84.7 100.1 99.3 96.8 102.5 103.3 -5.6 1.9 -0.8 -2.5 5.9 0.8Mexico . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 106.5 106.8 111.9 103.5 (NA) (NA) (NA) 0.3 4.8 -7.5Netherlands . . . . . . 86.8 91.7 101.7 101.6 100.3 103.2 105.6 -1.8 0.2 -0.1 -1.3 2.9 2.3Norway. . . . . . . . . . 58.3 79.0 102.1 108.6 112.1 120.0 127.1 -0.9 3.3 6.4 3.2 7.0 5.9Portugal . . . . . . . . . 62.8 73.9 100.0 97.7 95.2 95.0 99.4 2.2 7.3 -2.3 -2.6 -0.2 4.6Spain . . . . . . . . . . . 83.3 86.1 99.3 96.5 91.9 98.6 103.2 -1.1 3.1 -2.8 -4.8 7.3 4.7Sweden 4 . . . . . . . . 82.5 91.5 94.9 93.5 93.3 103.1 114.0 -1.7 0.4 -1.5 -0.2 10.5 10.6Switzerland 5 . . . . . . 82.0 84.8 100.8 100.1 100.1 108.0 111.2 - 3.5 -0.7 - 7.9 3.0United Kingdom . . . . 81.6 88.2 96.4 96.3 98.4 103.2 105.5 -3.1 2.4 -0.1 2.2 4.9 2.2United States . . . . . 79.3 89.0 98.2 101.6 105.2 111.4 115.0 1.9 1.0 3.5 3.5 5.9 3.2

- Represents or rounds to zero. NA Not available. 1 Index of Real Gross Product in industry. 2 Gross domestic productin industry at factor cost and 1986 prices. 3 Former West Germany. 4 Mining and manufacturing. 5 Excludes mining andquarrying.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, Main Economic Indicators, HistoricalStatistics, 1969-1988, 1990; and Main Economic Indicators, monthly (copyright).

Employment—Industrial Production 843

No. 1352. International Economic Composite Indexes, by Country: 1980 to 1995[Average annual percent change from previous year; derived from indexes with base 1980=100. The coincident index changes arefor calendar years and the leading index changes are for years ending June 30 because they lead the coincident indexes by about6 months, on average. The G-7 countries are United States, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, and Japan. Minussign (-) indicates decrease]

COUNTRY 1980 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

LEADING INDEXTotal, 11 countries . . . . . 2.4 3.1 2.0 4.3 8.0 5.0 2.3 -1.1 0.6 0.9 4.8 6.510 countries, excluding U.S. 6.6 4.4 1.6 5.2 8.2 5.9 3.3 -0.9 -1.8 -1.8 3.1 5.9G-7 countries . . . . . . . 2.3 2.9 1.9 4.2 7.8 4.9 2.3 -1.1 0.4 1.1 4.6 6.5

North America . . . . . . . . . . . -2.8 1.3 2.7 3.2 7.3 3.5 0.7 -1.6 4.1 5.4 7.1 7.2United States . . . . . . . . . . -3.3 1.0 2.7 3.2 7.5 3.7 0.9 -1.3 4.3 5.4 7.0 7.2Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 4.3 3.0 2.7 6.1 1.0 -2.5 -5.2 1.2 5.2 8.0 7.3

Four European countries . . . . 2.8 2.3 2.2 3.6 3.1 4.2 1.5 1.1 1.0 0.2 3.7 4.8France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 2.6 1.9 6.1 5.1 6.0 0.5 1.2 2.5 0.3 4.0 6.3Germany 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 2.0 3.0 1.6 3.4 5.2 4.7 4.2 0.6 -1.8 3.6 5.0Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 2.7 4.0 4.3 0.6 2.1 0.3 -1.3 0.8 2.0 3.9 3.8United Kingdom. . . . . . . . . 1.0 2.2 0.2 3.4 1.9 2.4 -0.9 -2.0 0.1 1.9 3.1 3.2

Five Pacific region countries . . 14.4 7.8 0.6 7.9 16.1 8.6 6.1 -2.7 -5.7 -5.5 1.5 7.3Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 6.5 2.1 3.2 7.6 5.2 -3.3 -3.9 3.1 5.4 6.3 2.6Taiwan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 6.5 8.1 13.6 14.9 12.3 7.0 1.2 8.0 6.0 8.2 8.1Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.2 8.3 -0.4 7.6 17.6 8.9 7.2 -3.2 -8.0 -8.3 -0.6 7.6Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . -2.6 4.7 9.8 17.2 13.7 10.0 4.5 3.7 4.6 3.7 12.0 10.7New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 5.4 -1.2 2.8 -1.5 0.8 1.2 -2.8 1.9 3.7 2.7 1.9

COINCIDENT INDEXTotal, 11 countries . . . . . 0.3 3.7 3.2 4.1 6.1 4.8 3.6 0.3 0.9 - 3.0 3.210 countries, excluding U.S. 2.5 4.0 3.5 4.5 6.9 6.4 5.8 2.7 1.0 -0.9 2.4 3.2G-7 countries . . . . . . . 0.2 3.6 2.9 4.0 6.0 4.6 3.6 0.3 0.9 -0.2 2.7 2.9

North America . . . . . . . . . . . -2.4 3.6 2.6 3.8 4.8 2.4 -0.1 -3.7 0.9 2.4 4.7 3.1United States . . . . . . . . . . -2.8 3.4 2.5 3.7 4.7 2.3 - -3.7 1.1 2.6 4.9 3.3Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 5.3 3.5 4.8 5.8 2.8 - -3.9 0.4 2.1 4.5 2.9

Four European countries . . . . 1.4 2.9 3.7 3.8 6.1 6.0 5.6 2.0 0.2 -3.0 1.5 3.7France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 1.4 3.9 5.0 8.0 8.7 7.1 2.5 0.8 -1.7 4.1 6.3Germany 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 3.5 4.3 3.0 3.6 5.4 7.2 5.7 1.6 -4.1 -0.8 2.0Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 2.5 1.7 1.5 5.3 2.0 4.7 2.1 -0.4 -7.6 -0.9 1.9United Kingdom. . . . . . . . . -2.1 4.3 3.6 5.2 8.0 5.9 2.3 -4.4 -2.5 - 3.7 3.8

Five Pacific region countries . . 4.2 5.0 3.5 5.2 8.2 7.5 6.8 4.6 1.9 0.5 2.2 2.7Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 7.6 4.9 4.3 8.5 9.9 0.9 -7.4 -1.3 2.3 9.4 8.9Taiwan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 3.7 10.1 11.9 8.0 7.3 2.8 5.8 6.2 5.2 5.8 2.5Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.7 2.6 4.6 8.3 7.3 7.6 5.8 1.8 -0.2 0.8 1.4Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . -4.3 5.5 11.7 13.5 10.6 6.2 9.5 7.9 4.7 3.8 8.8 9.1New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.4 -0.8 -0.7 1.2 -1.1 1.2 3.8 5.3 4.6

- Represents or rounds to zero. 1 Former West Germany.Source: Center for International Business Cycle Research, Columbia Business School, New York, NY, International Economic

Indicators, monthly.

No. 1353. Patents, by Country: 1993[Includes only U.S. patents granted to residents of areas outside of the United States and its territories]

COUNTRY Total 1 Inven-tions

De-signs

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,652 45,107 3,214

Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,398 22,292 1,037Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,183 6,890 228France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,154 2,908 215United Kingdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,520 2,294 197Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,229 1,943 275Taiwan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,510 1,189 320Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,454 1,286 165Switzerland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,197 1,126 69

COUNTRY Total 1 Inven-tions

De-signs

Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945 801 78Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830 779 50Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 635 102Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 378 88Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 350 25Israel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 314 22Austria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 313 26Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 293 17Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 197 60Other countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,373 1,119 240

1 Includes patents for botanical plants and reissues, not shown separately.Source: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Technology Assessment and Forecast Data Base.

No. 1354. World’s 500 Largest Corporations, by Country: 1995[For company’s fiscal year ended on or before March 31, 1996. All companies on the list must publish financial data and reportpart or all of their figures to a government agency. Includes revenues from discontinued operations and consolidated subsidiaries;excludes excise taxes. Profits are shown after taxes, after extraordinary credits or charges, and after cumulative effects ofaccounting changes. Minus sign (-) indicates loss]

COUNTRY

Numberof

compa-nies

Rev-enues(bil.dol.)

Profits(bil.dol.)

Total 1 . . . . 500 11,378 323Japan . . . . . . 141 3,985 30U.S. . . . . . . . 153 3,221 158Germany . . . . 40 1,017 17France . . . . . 42 880 3U.K. . . . . . . . 32 516 38

COUNTRY

Numberof

compa-nies

Rev-enues(bil.dol.)

Profits(bil.dol.)

Switzerland . . 16 345 18Korea, South . 12 263 7Italy . . . . . . . 12 255 7Netherlands . . 8 171 9Britain/Nether-lands. . . . . . 2 160 9

COUNTRY

Numberof

compa-nies

Rev-enues(bil.dol.)

Profits(bil.dol.)

Spain . . . . . . 6 81 4Canada . . . . . 6 66 6Belgium. . . . . 5 56 2Sweden. . . . . 3 54 2Brazil . . . . . . 4 54 -3Australia . . . . 4 45 4

1 Includes other countries not shown separately.Source: Time Warner, New York, NY, Fortune, August 5, 1996, (copyright).

Comparative International Statistics844

No. 1355. Selected Indexes of Manufacturing Activity, by Country: 1970 to 1994[1982=100. Data relate to all employed persons in the United States, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, and Sweden; all employ-ees (wage and salary workers) in other countries. Minus sign (-) indicates decrease. For explanation of average annual percentchange, see Guide to Tabular Presentation]

INDEX UnitedStates

Cana-da Japan Bel-

giumDen-mark France

Ger-many

1Italy Neth-

erlandsSwe-den

UnitedKing-dom

Output per hour:1970. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 76.9 50.3 47.9 57.2 58.6 66.4 54.9 54.4 68.9 72.11980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.9 99.9 91.1 86.9 98.0 90.8 98.5 95.5 96.1 96.6 91.01985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.7 119.8 114.9 119.6 105.0 107.9 113.4 122.3 123.4 113.8 116.41990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.1 122.0 149.1 134.1 105.5 127.6 125.6 139.3 135.4 124.0 140.11993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.0 130.9 159.5 149.5 111.2 132.3 130.5 158.0 140.0 139.2 159.21994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.4 136.2 164.2 (NA) 119.5 142.4 140.0 163.8 150.2 146.3 165.7Average annual percent change:1979-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 2.4 4.6 5.1 2.1 3.0 2.1 5.0 4.4 3.0 4.11985-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 0.4 5.4 2.3 0.1 3.4 2.1 2.6 1.9 1.7 3.81990-94 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 2.8 2.4 (NA) 3.2 2.8 2.8 4.1 2.6 4.2 4.3

Compensation per hour,national currency basis: 21970. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 28.7 25.0 23.2 22.3 18.5 34.5 11.6 28.5 24.4 14.71980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.3 78.6 89.0 86.3 83.4 72.7 89.2 70.2 90.2 84.5 78.91985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.3 116.8 110.1 122.0 120.6 129.6 116.3 150.9 114.1 131.8 125.11990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.7 143.0 138.3 147.5 156.5 161.3 147.9 210.8 126.4 197.5 180.61993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.0 158.7 159.3 171.2 175.7 181.5 178.5 267.1 145.6 221.6 235.61994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.5 163.5 162.3 (NA) 181.0 186.2 185.8 270.0 147.7 232.8 245.0Average annual percent change:1979-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 8.7 4.7 7.8 8.1 12.7 5.9 16.7 4.9 9.6 11.51985-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.1 4.7 3.9 5.4 4.5 4.9 6.9 2.1 8.4 7.61990-94 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.4 4.1 (NA) 3.7 3.7 5.9 6.4 4.0 4.2 7.9

Real hourly compensation: 2 3

1970. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 77.4 63.6 55.1 70.1 59.4 62.6 60.3 65.5 72.6 65.31980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.5 97.9 96.0 101.0 102.6 92.2 99.9 96.9 102.0 103.0 96.11985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.8 101.8 103.6 101.6 101.4 103.9 107.9 109.3 105.2 102.6 107.31990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.5 100.1 121.7 110.6 108.6 111.2 128.6 115.9 112.0 114.4 116.11993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.5 101.8 131.7 118.1 115.1 115.9 138.8 125.4 117.3 112.0 135.81994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.6 104.7 133.3 (NA) 116.2 117.0 140.3 122.1 115.1 115.1 137.8Average annual percent change:1979-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.7 1.1 0.7 -0.5 2.3 1.8 1.5 0.3 -0.5 2.31985-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 -0.3 3.3 1.7 1.4 1.4 3.6 1.2 1.3 2.2 1.61990-94 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 1.1 2.3 (NA) 1.7 1.3 2.2 1.3 0.7 0.2 4.4

Unit labor costs, national currency:1970. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 37.3 49.7 48.4 39.0 31.5 51.9 21.1 52.5 35.4 20.41980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.7 78.7 97.8 99.4 85.1 80.1 90.6 73.5 93.8 87.5 86.71985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.2 97.6 95.8 102.0 114.9 120.2 102.6 123.4 92.5 115.8 107.51990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.4 117.2 92.7 110.0 148.3 126.4 117.8 151.3 93.3 159.2 128.91993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.1 121.2 99.8 114.5 158.0 137.2 136.8 169.0 104.0 159.3 148.01994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.5 120.1 98.8 (NA) 151.4 130.8 132.7 164.9 98.3 159.2 147.8Average annual percent change:1979-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 6.1 0.1 5.9 5.9 9.5 3.8 11.1 0.5 6.4 7.11985-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 3.7 -0.7 5.2 5.2 1.0 2.8 4.2 0.2 6.6 3.71990-94 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.6 1.6 (NA) 0.5 0.9 3.0 2.2 1.3 - 3.5

Unit labor costs, U.S. dollar basis: 41970. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 44.1 34.6 44.6 43.4 37.5 34.6 45.7 38.8 42.9 28.01980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.7 83.1 107.9 155.8 126.2 124.9 121.1 116.3 126.3 130.0 115.41985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.2 88.2 100.1 78.7 90.4 88.0 84.7 87.5 74.5 84.6 79.81990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.4 124.0 159.3 150.6 200.0 152.7 176.9 170.9 136.9 168.9 131.61993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.1 116.0 223.8 151.6 203.3 159.3 200.8 145.4 149.5 128.4 127.11994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.5 108.5 240.8 (NA) 198.8 155.1 198.7 138.5 144.4 129.6 129.6Average annual percent change:1979-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 3.4 -1.4 -8.8 -5.8 -3.4 -4.1 -3.3 -7.6 -5.3 -1.31985-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 7.1 9.7 13.9 17.2 11.6 15.9 14.3 12.9 14.8 10.51990-94 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 -3.3 10.9 (NA) -0.1 0.4 2.9 -5.1 1.3 -6.4 -0.4

Employment:1970. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.6 96.3 102.8 137.7 119.6 106.9 116.7 97.6 134.1 114.9 140.31980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.8 108.4 99.5 109.9 103.9 104.9 104.9 107.8 106.9 106.9 116.71985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.4 103.6 104.6 95.1 112.4 92.6 97.4 89.8 94.4 99.6 92.51990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.9 109.4 108.6 92.9 111.7 88.5 103.0 91.0 101.0 95.7 90.91993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.7 98.7 111.2 83.8 103.8 80.2 96.6 80.9 95.8 75.7 77.91994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.8 100.6 108.8 (NA) 104.8 78.1 91.7 80.0 92.6 76.5 77.4Average annual percent change:1979-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.4 -0.8 1.2 -2.7 1.0 -2.3 -1.1 -2.9 -2.3 -1.2 -4.61985-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 1.1 0.8 -0.5 -0.1 -0.9 1.1 0.3 1.4 -0.8 -0.41990-94 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.0 -2.1 0.1 (NA) -1.6 -3.1 -2.9 -3.2 -2.1 -5.5 -3.9

Aggregate hours:1970. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.5 102.1 109.6 159.9 132.3 123.9 131.1 107.0 148.1 132.0 153.31980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.8 110.8 100.5 110.1 103.7 110.8 106.3 108.0 105.3 105.9 117.31985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.8 106.0 105.5 93.5 109.8 91.8 95.6 89.0 90.8 101.9 93.51990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.0 112.2 107.7 94.3 106.6 88.1 96.9 95.0 96.3 99.4 92.01993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.5 102.9 102.3 82.3 98.8 79.5 87.3 81.7 91.0 81.4 77.11994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.8 105.6 100.1 (NA) 99.7 77.4 83.4 83.0 88.0 85.7 77.1Average annual percent change:1979-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.2 -0.9 1.1 -3.3 0.8 -3.3 -1.8 -3.1 -2.5 -0.8 -5.01985-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1.1 0.4 0.2 -0.6 -0.8 0.3 1.3 1.2 -0.5 -0.31990-94 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 -1.5 -1.8 (NA) -1.6 -3.2 -3.7 -3.3 -2.2 -3.7 -4.3

- Represents or rounds to zero. NA Not available. 1 Former West Germany. 2 Compensation includes, but real hourlycompensation excludes, adjustments for payroll and employment taxes that are not compensation to employees, but are laborcosts to employers. 3 Index of hourly compensation divided by the index of consumer prices to adjust for changes in purchasingpower. 4 Indexes in national currency adjusted for changes in prevailing exchange rates.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, News Release USDL 95-342, September 8, 1995.

Indexes of Manufacturing Activity 845

No. 1356. Indexes of Hourly Compensation Costs for Production Workers inManufacturing, by Country: 1980 to 1994

[United States=100. Compensation costs include all pay made directly to the worker—pay for time worked and not worked (eg.leave, except sick leave), other direct pay, employer expenditures for legally required insurance programs and contractual andprivate benefit plans, and for some countries, other labor taxes. Data adjusted for exchange rates. Area averages aretrade-weighted to account for difference in countries’ relative importance to U.S. trade in manufactured goods. The trade weightsused are the sum of U.S. imports of manufactured products for consumption (customs value) and U.S. domestic exports ofmanufactured products (f.a.s. value) in 1992; see source for detail]

AREA OR COUNTRY 1980 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

United States . . . . . . 100 100 100 100 100 100Total 1 . . . . . . . . 67 83 86 88 86 88

OECD 2 . . . . . . . . . . 77 94 97 99 96 99Europe . . . . . . . . . . . 102 118 117 123 112 115Asian newly industrial-izing economies 3 . . . 12 25 28 30 31 34Canada. . . . . . . . . . . 88 106 110 105 98 92Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . 22 11 12 14 15 15Australia 4 . . . . . . . . . 86 88 87 81 75 80Hong Kong 5 . . . . . . . 15 21 23 24 26 28Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 57 56 56 53 53Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 86 94 101 114 125Korea, South . . . . . . . 10 25 30 32 33 37New Zealand . . . . . . . 54 56 54 49 48 52Singapore . . . . . . . . . 15 25 28 31 31 37Sri Lanka. . . . . . . . . . 2 2 3 2 3 (NA)Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . . 10 26 28 32 31 32

AREA OR COUNTRY 1980 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

Austria 6 . . . . . . . . . . 90 119 116 126 122 127Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . 133 129 127 138 129 134Denmark . . . . . . . . . . 110 120 117 124 114 120Finland 7 . . . . . . . . . . 83 141 136 123 99 110France . . . . . . . . . . . 91 102 98 105 97 100Germany 6 8. . . . . . . . 125 147 146 157 154 160Greece . . . . . . . . . . . 38 45 44 46 41 (NA)Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . 60 79 78 83 73 (NA)Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 119 119 121 96 95Luxembourg. . . . . . . . 121 110 108 117 111 (NA)Netherlands . . . . . . . . 122 123 117 126 119 122Norway . . . . . . . . . . . 117 144 139 143 121 122Portugal . . . . . . . . . . 21 25 27 32 27 27Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 76 78 83 69 67Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . 127 140 142 152 106 110Switzerland . . . . . . . . 112 140 139 144 135 145United Kingdom . . . . . 77 85 88 89 76 80

NANot available. 1 The 24 foreign economies for which 1994 data are available. 2 Canada, Mexico, Australia, Japan, NewZealand, and the European countries. 3 Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan. 4 Includes non-production workers,except in managerial, executive, professional, and higher supervisory positions. 5 Average of selected manufacturing industries.

6 Excludes workers in establishments considered handicraft manufactures (including all printing and publishing and miscella-neous manufacturing in Austria). 7 Includes workers in mining and electrical power plants. 8 Former West Germany.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, International Comparisons of Hourly Compensation Costs for Production Workers inManufacturing, 1975-1994, June 1995.

No. 1357. World Production of Major Mineral Commodities: 1990 to 1994

COUNTRY Unit 1990 1992 1993,est.

1994,est. Leading producers, 1993

MINERAL FUELS 1

Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 4,856 4,546 4,446 (NA) China, United States, RussiaDry natural gas . . . . . . . . . . Tril. cu. ft. . . . . 73.7 74.5 76.0 (NA) Russia, United States, CanadaNatural gas plant liquids 2 . . . Mil. barrels 3. . . 1,690 1,808 1,882 (NA) United States, Saudi Arabia, CanadaPetroleum, crude . . . . . . . . . Mil. barrels 3. . . 22,107 21,978 22,134 (NA) Saudi Arabia, Russia, United StatesPetroleum, refined . . . . . . . . Mil. barrels 3. . . 23,791 23,959 (NA) (NA) United States, Russia, Japan (for 1992)

NONMETALLIC MINERALS

Cement, hydraulic . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 1,148 1,254 1,300 1,300 China, Japan, United StatesDiamond, gem and industrial . 1,000 carats . . . 110,919 105,521 107,620 (NA) Australia, Botswana, ZaireNitrogen in ammonia. . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 97.1 92.5 92.0 92.0 United States, India, CanadaPhosphate rock . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 162 144 120 130 United States, China, MoroccoPotash, marketable. . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 27.8 24.3 21.0 22.0 Canada, Germany, RussiaSalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 184 185 190 190 United States, China, GermanySulfur, elemental basis . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 58.1 52.4 52.0 52.0 United States, Canada, China

METALS

Aluminum 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 19.3 19.2 20.0 19.0 United States, Russia, CanadaBauxite, gross weight . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 108.6 103.6 110.0 110.0 Australia, Guinea, JamaicaChromite, gross weight 2 . . . . 1,000metric tons 12,968 10,993 10,001 10,000 Kazakstan, South Africa, IndiaCopper, metal content 5. . . . . 1,000metric tons 9,017 9,290 9,400 9,300 Chile, United States, CanadaGold, metal content . . . . . . . Metric tons. . . . 2,133 2,248 2,300 2,300 South Africa, United States, AustraliaIron ore, gross weight 6 . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 982 930 1,000 1,000 China, Brazil, AustraliaLead, metal content 5 . . . . . . 1,000metric tons 3,353 3,242 2,900 2,900 Australia, United States, ChinaManganese ore, gross weight . Mil. metric tons . 25.3 21.6 21.8 21.0 Ukraine, China, South AfricaNickel, metal content 5 . . . . . 1,000metric tons 965 922 900 850 Russia, Canada, New CaledoniaSteel, crude . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 771 721 730 720 Japan, United States, ChinaTin, metal content 5 . . . . . . . 1,000metric tons 222 179 180 180 China, Brazil, IndonesiaZinc, metal content 5. . . . . . . 1,000metric tons 7,184 7,137 6,900 6,700 Canada, Australia, China

NA Not available. 1 Source: Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual. 1993 data preliminary.2 Excludes China. 3 42-gallon barrels. 4 Unalloyed ingot metal. 5 Mine output. 6 Includes iron ore concentrates and ironore agglomerates.

Source: Except as noted, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, 1993; Annual Reports, 1993; and Mineral CommoditySummaries, 1995.

Comparative International Statistics846

No. 1359. Selected Petroleum Product Prices, by Country: 1994

[As of January. Includes taxes]

COUNTRY

AUTOMOTIVE FUELS(U.S. dollars per gallon)

RESIDENTIAL(U.S. dollars per gallon)

INDUSTRIAL(U.S. dollars per barrel)

Premiumgasoline Diesel fuel Light fuel oil Kerosene

Liquifiedpetroleumgases

Light fuel oil Heavy fueloil

United States 1 . . . . . . . 1.24 0.96 0.90 0.80 0.55 25.87 13.65

Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . 2.65 (NA) 1.02 1.02 (NA) (NA) (NA)Australia 1. . . . . . . . . . . 1.74 1.70 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.13 2.03 1.30 (NA) (NA) 32.74 14.24Belgium 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 3.15 2.14 0.78 (NA) (NA) 27.31 15.99Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.28 1.30 1.22 0.80 0.53 51.41 (NA)Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.88 1.09 (NA) 1.49 0.62 19.29 10.07Canada 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 1.57 1.47 1.09 (NA) (NA) 24.14 17.74Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.46 1.16 (NA) 1.01 (NA) (NA) 20.38Denmark 1 . . . . . . . . . . 3.00 1.74 2.25 (NA) (NA) 38.77 18.52El Salvador . . . . . . . . . . 1.75 0.88 (NA) 0.92 0.62 38.53 19.27Finland 1. . . . . . . . . . . . 3.12 2.15 1.11 (NA) (NA) 38.25 20.14France 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.31 2.10 1.34 (NA) (NA) 38.51 19.34Germany 1 . . . . . . . . . . 3.34 2.16 0.93 (NA) (NA) 34.15 16.10Greece 1. . . . . . . . . . . . 2.78 1.66 1.35 (NA) (NA) 48.20 21.80India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.28 0.74 (NA) 0.31 0.66 28.08 25.29Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . 1.26 0.68 0.43 0.72 (NA) 18.06 18.06Ireland 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.96 2.89 1.31 (NA) (NA) 42.08 18.44Italy 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.46 2.31 2.76 (NA) (NA) 97.59 20.63Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14 2.48 1.71 1.83 (NA) 45.53 29.69Korea, South . . . . . . . . . 2.90 0.99 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 15.37Lebanon . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.19 (NA) 0.85 0.90 0.90 30.10 17.15Luxembourg 1 . . . . . . . . 2.36 1.81 0.84 (NA) (NA) 31.66 15.43Mexico 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.60 1.02 (NA) (NA) (NA) 43.03 9.25Netherlands 1 . . . . . . . . 3.66 2.61 1.06 (NA) (NA) (NA) 22.91New Zealand. . . . . . . . . 1.88 0.97 (NA) (NA) (NA) 35.09 29.51Norway 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 3.79 2.68 1.52 (NA) (NA) 52.29 45.90Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.79 0.77 0.61 0.75 1.10 25.47 14.13Panama . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.43 0.99 (NA) 0.97 0.83 (NA) 29.93Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.03 1.18 (NA) 1.18 (NA) 42.30 19.69Philippines . . . . . . . . . . 1.37 0.96 (NA) 0.96 0.72 (NA) 15.21Portugal 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 3.12 2.15 2.26 (NA) (NA) 90.26 21.62Russia 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.41 0.45 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 5.10Spain 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.75 1.91 1.18 (NA) (NA) 43.19 17.11Sweden 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 3.44 2.44 1.78 (NA) (NA) 33.21 21.61Switzerland 1 . . . . . . . . . 2.93 3.17 0.71 (NA) (NA) 26.17 20.75Taiwan 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.23 1.59 (NA) (NA) (NA) 32.26 20.90Turkey 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.39 1.58 1.69 (NA) (NA) (NA) 19.93United Kingdom 1 . . . . . . 2.86 2.46 0.71 (NA) (NA) 26.65 14.67Venezuela. . . . . . . . . . . 0.18 0.16 (NA) 0.12 (NA) (NA) 5.06

NA Not available. 1 Average for January.

Source: Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual.

Comparative International Statistics848

No. 1360. World Food Production, by Commodity: 1990 to 1995

[In millions of metric tons ]

COMMODITY 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995,prel.

Grains, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,766.7 1,705.9 1,786.0 1,711.3 1,756.4 1,696.5Wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588.0 542.1 561.8 559.2 525.1 534.7Coarse grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826.5 809.0 868.8 796.5 866.7 787.4Rice, milled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.2 354.8 355.4 355.6 364.6 374.4

Pulses 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.8 56.0 54.3 57.1 58.6 (NA)Vegetables and melons 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460.4 464.3 470.2 474.0 485.6 (NA)Fruits 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354.3 353.7 380.7 384.3 387.9 (NA)Nuts 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.7 5.0 4.7 4.7 (NA)

Red meat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.3 115.8 116.4 117.2 122.0 126.1Poultry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.8 35.6 37.5 39.7 43.1 44.7Milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395.0 385.2 379.4 379.7 382.1 382.7

NA Not available. 1 Data from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2 Edible seeds of peas, beans,lentils and similar crops.

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Agricultural Outlook, monthly.

No. 1361. Fisheries—Commercial Catch, by Country: 1989 to 1992[In thousands of metric tons, live weight. Catch of fish, crustaceans, mollusks (including weight of shells). Does not include

marine mammals and aquatic plants. Countries shown had a commercial catch of 1,000,000 metric tons or more in 1992]

COUNTRY 1989 1990 1991 1992

World 1 . . . . . 100,311 97,556 97,051 98,112Canada. . . . . . . . . 1,572 1,624 1,534 1,251Chile . . . . . . . . . . 6,454 5,195 6,002 6,501China . . . . . . . . . . 11,219 12,095 13,134 15,007Denmark . . . . . . . . 1,929 1,518 1,795 1,995Iceland . . . . . . . . . 1,502 1,508 1,050 1,577India. . . . . . . . . . . 3,640 3,794 4,044 4,175Indonesia . . . . . . . 2,948 3,044 3,251 3,357Japan . . . . . . . . . . 11,173 10,354 9,301 8,460Korea, North (est.) . 1,700 1,750 1,700 1,750

COUNTRY 1989 1990 1991 1992

Korea, South . . . . . 2,840 2,843 2,521 2,695Mexico . . . . . . . . . 1,469 1,400 1,453 1,247Norway . . . . . . . . . 1,908 1,711 2,095 2,549Peru. . . . . . . . . . . 6,853 6,875 6,949 6,842Philippines. . . . . . . 2,098 2,208 2,311 2,271Russia . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 6,894 5,611Spain . . . . . . . . . . 1,560 1,400 1,320 1,330Thailand . . . . . . . . 2,699 2,786 2,967 2,855United States . . . . 5,778 5,870 5,488 5,602Vietnam . . . . . . . . 930 960 1,020 1,080

X Not applicable. 1 Includes other countries, not shown separately.

Source: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Fisheries of the UnitedStates, annual. Data from Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.

No. 1362. Meat Production, by Country: 1990 to 1994[In thousands of metric tons, carcass weight . Covers beef and veal (incl. buffalo meat), pork (incl. bacon and ham), mutton andlamb (incl. goat meat), horsemeat, and poultry. Refers to meat from animals slaughtered within the national boundaries irrespectiveof origin of animals, and relates to commercial and farm slaughter. Excludes lard, tallow, and edible offals. See text, section 30,for general comments concerning the data]

COUNTRY 1990 1993 1994

World 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 177,464 188,431 194,657Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,374 3,485 3,557Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,294 9,213 9,434China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,073 40,175 46,720France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,744 6,213 6,296Germany. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,259 6,162 5,757India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,751 4,033 4,083

COUNTRY 1990 1993 1994

Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,950 4,051 3,997Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,503 3,395 3,303Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,801 3,309 3,475Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,112 7,518 6,871Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,467 3,771 3,816United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . 3,319 3,291 3,394United States . . . . . . . . . . 28,610 31,180 32,847

1 Includes other countries, not shown separately.

Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, FAO AGRISTAT database.

World Food Production—Fisheries—Meat Production 849

No. 1363. Wheat, Rice, and Corn Production, by Country: 1990 to 1994

[In thousands of metric tons. Rice data cover paddy. Data for each country pertain to the calendar year in which all or mostof the crop was harvested. See text, section 30, for general comments concerning quality of the data]

COUNTRYWHEAT RICE CORN

1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994

World . . . . . . . . . . 592,589 564,065 527,982 519,407 527,103 534,701 477,090 470,354 569,557Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . 10,992 9,604 10,680 428 593 606 5,047 10,901 10,246Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,066 16,877 8,803 846 858 1,017 219 199 256Bangladesh. . . . . . . . . . 890 1,176 1,131 26,778 26,925 27,537 3 3 3Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,094 2,153 2,276 7,421 10,143 10,582 21,348 30,004 32,305Burma . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 139 109 13,969 16,760 19,057 187 205 271Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,098 27,232 23,350 (X) (X) (X) 7,066 6,501 7,043China. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,232 106,395 101,205 191,589 179,975 178,251 97,158 103,046 103,550Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,268 4,833 4,437 3,167 4,161 4,582 4,799 5,039 4,883France . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,346 29,252 30,652 121 128 124 9,401 14,843 13,040Germany . . . . . . . . . . . 15,242 15,767 16,429 (X) (X) (X) 1,552 2,656 2,357Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,198 3,021 4,900 39 13 14 4,500 4,044 4,920India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,850 56,762 59,131 111,517 117,052 118,400 8,962 9,653 10,500Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) 45,179 48,181 46,245 6,734 6,460 6,617Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,012 10,732 11,500 1,981 2,281 2,700 130 210 210Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,109 8,126 7,805 1,291 1,286 1,324 5,864 8,029 7,661Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 952 638 565 13,124 9,793 14,976 1 1 -Kazakstan. . . . . . . . . . . 16,197 11,585 9,052 579 403 283 442 355 233Korea, South . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 7,722 6,597 7,056 120 82 75Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,931 3,582 3,589 394 388 375 14,635 18,648 19,193Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 30 30 2,500 3,759 3,857 1,832 2,300 2,000Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,316 16,157 15,114 4,891 5,992 5,269 1,185 1,215 1,288Philippines . . . . . . . . . . - - - 9,885 9,534 10,150 4,854 4,798 5,400Romania. . . . . . . . . . . . 7,289 5,314 5,991 67 36 14 6,810 7,987 9,300Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,596 43,500 32,094 896 688 522 2,451 2,441 879South Africa . . . . . . . . . 1,730 1,984 1,850 3 3 3 8,709 9,663 11,811Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1 1 17,193 19,917 18,447 3,722 3,328 3,800Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,022 21,016 17,500 230 225 200 2,100 2,500 1,850Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,374 21,831 13,857 118 68 79 4,737 3,786 1,539United Kingdom . . . . . . . 14,033 12,900 13,100 (X) (X) (X) - - -United States . . . . . . . . 74,473 65,210 63,141 7,080 7,081 8,972 201,534 160,954 256,629

- Represents or rounds to zero. X Not applicable.

No. 1364. Wheat, Rice, and Corn—Exports and Imports of 10 Leading Countries:1990 to 1994

[In thousands of metric tons. Countries listed are the ten leading exporters or importers in 1993]

LEADING EXPORTERSEXPORTS

LEADING IMPORTERSIMPORTS

1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994

WHEAT WHEATUnited States . . . . . . . . 28,749 37,141 32,110 China . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,487 7,368 8,120France . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,337 20,954 15,033 Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,474 5,814 6,353Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,166 18,415 21,683 Russia. . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 5,774 2,285Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,629 9,582 12,823 Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,962 5,671 6,322Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . 6,041 6,019 5,572 Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,705 5,066 4,904Germany . . . . . . . . . . . 2,829 4,640 6,148 Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,439 5,038 7,125United Kingdom . . . . . . . 4,561 4,014 3,616 Korea, South . . . . . . . . 2,516 4,939 6,057Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,777 1,902 1,823 Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,604 4,244 5,585Belgium-Luxembourg . . . 1,367 1,797 1,888 Uzbekistan. . . . . . . . . . (X) 4,100 -Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . 1,267 1,569 895 Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . 2,047 2,890 1,902

RICE RICEThailand . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,017 4,989 4,859 Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620 1,159 475United States . . . . . . . . 2,474 2,680 2,822 Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 701 987Vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,624 1,765 1,970 Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 655 200China. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 1,507 1,630 Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . 280 577 434Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . 744 1,032 984 Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . 330 389 341India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 768 891 South Africa . . . . . . . . . 306 385 431Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577 574 619 Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . 374 373 358Uruguay . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 505 408 Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 370 255Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 482 585 United Arab Emirates . . . 309 370 350Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . 2 351 169 Senegal. . . . . . . . . . . . 392 363 348

CORN CORNUnited States . . . . . . . . 52,172 40,365 35,877 Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,008 16,863 15,930China. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,405 11,098 8,740 Korea, South . . . . . . . . 6,158 6,207 5,749France . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,195 7,758 8,013 China . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,440 5,466 5,601Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . 2,998 4,871 4,154 Russia. . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 4,391 901Belgium-Luxembourg . . . 20 414 489 Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,810 2,401 2,339Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 357 381 Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,900 2,148 2,021Germany . . . . . . . . . . . 226 219 308 Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . 1,480 2,058 1,969South Africa . . . . . . . . . 2,001 216 4,000 United Kingdom . . . . . . 1,627 1,508 1,602Zimbabwe. . . . . . . . . . . 742 216 150 Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699 1,323 1,409Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 213 16 Belgium-Luxembourg . . . 1,035 1,284 1,557

- Represents or rounds to zero. X Not applicable.

Source of tables 1363 and 1364: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, FAO AGRISTATdatabase.

Comparative International Statistics850

No. 1365. United States and Foreign Stock Markets—Market Capitalization andValue of Shares Traded: 1985 to 1994

[In millions of U.S. dollars . Market capitalization is the total amount of the various securities(bonds, debentures, and stock) issued by corporations]

COUNTRYMARKET CAPITALIZATION VALUE OF SHARES TRADED

1985 1990 1993 1994 1985 1990 1993 1994

United States . . . . . . . . 2,324,646 3,089,651 5,223,768 5,081,810 997,189 1,815,476 3,507,223 3,592,668

Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . 2,037 3,268 43,967 36,864 631 852 10,339 11,372Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,163 107,611 203,964 219,188 15,736 39,333 67,711 94,726Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,602 11,476 28,437 30,272 686 18,609 6,561 16,380Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,871 65,449 78,067 84,103 1,876 6,425 11,199 12,820Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,768 16,354 99,430 189,281 21,484 5,598 57,409 109,498Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,000 241,920 326,524 315,009 39,905 71,278 142,222 161,058Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,012 13,645 44,622 68,195 57 783 2,797 5,263China. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 40,567 43,521 (NA) (NA) 43,395 97,526Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . 416 1,416 9,237 14,028 30 71 732 2,191Czech Republic . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 5,938 (NA) (NA) (NA) 1,480Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . 15,096 39,063 41,785 54,399 1,274 11,105 20,989 27,421Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,855 22,721 23,562 38,278 502 3,933 8,112 13,194France . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,000 314,384 456,111 451,263 14,672 116,893 174,283 615,371

Germany . . . . . . . . . . . 183,765 355,073 463,476 470,519 71,572 501,805 302,985 460,617Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . 765 15,228 12,319 14,921 17 3,924 2,713 5,145Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . 34,504 83,397 385,247 269,508 9,732 34,633 131,550 147,158India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,364 38,567 97,976 127,515 4,959 21,918 21,879 27,290Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . 117 8,081 32,953 47,241 3 3,992 9,158 11,801Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,502 148,766 136,153 180,135 13,782 42,566 65,770 117,894Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 978,663 2,917,679 2,999,756 3,719,914 329,970 1,602,388 954,341 1,121,438Korea, South . . . . . . . . . 7,381 110,594 139,420 191,778 4,162 75,949 211,710 286,056Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . 12,658 10,456 19,337 28,511 36 87 1,104 269Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,229 48,611 220,328 199,276 2,335 10,871 153,661 126,458Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,815 32,725 200,671 130,246 2,360 12,212 62,454 82,964Netherlands . . . . . . . . . 59,363 119,825 181,876 283,251 16,864 40,199 67,185 170,596

New Zealand. . . . . . . . . 8,761 8,835 25,597 27,217 935 1,933 6,785 7,162Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,063 26,130 27,380 36,469 1,877 13,996 8,751 8,817Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,370 2,850 11,602 12,263 236 231 1,844 3,198Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760 812 5,113 8,178 38 99 1,672 3,080Philippines . . . . . . . . . . 669 5,927 40,327 55,519 111 1,216 6,785 13,949Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 9,201 12,417 16,249 5 1,687 4,835 5,275South Africa . . . . . . . . . 55,439 137,540 171,942 225,718 2,836 8,158 13,049 15,954Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,000 111,404 119,264 154,858 3,382 40,967 47,156 61,452Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,296 92,102 107,376 130,939 9,644 15,718 43,593 85,407Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . 90,000 160,044 271,713 284,092 (NA) (NA) 167,880 226,723Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,432 100,710 195,198 247,325 4,899 715,005 346,487 711,346Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,856 23,896 130,510 131,479 568 22,894 86,934 80,188Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 19,065 37,496 21,605 (NA) 5,841 23,242 21,692United Kingdom . . . . . . . 328,000 848,866 1,151,646 1,210,245 68,417 278,740 423,526 928,171

NA Not available.

Source: International Finance Corporation, Washington, DC, Emerging Stock Markets Factbook, 1995, (copyright).

Foreign Stock Markets—World Stock Index 851

No. 1368. Central Bank Discount Rates, Money Market Rates, and Government BondYields, by Country: 1990 to 1996

[In percent per annum. Central bank discount rates refer to the rate at which the monetary authority lends or discounts eligiblepaper for deposit money banks. Money market rates refer to the rate at which short-term borrowings are effected between finan-cial institutions. Government bond yields refer to one or more series representing average yields to maturity of government bondsor other bonds that would be indicative of longer term rates]

NATIONAL INTEREST RATEAND YEAR

UnitedStates Canada Japan France Ger-

many Italy Nether-lands Sweden Switzer-

land

UnitedKing-dom

Central bank discount rates: 11990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.50 11.78 6.00 9.50 6.00 12.50 7.25 11.50 6.00 (2)1992. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00 7.36 3.25 9.50 8.25 12.00 7.75 310.00 6.00 (2)1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00 4.11 1.75 9.50 5.75 8.00 5.00 5.00 4.00 (2)1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.75 7.43 1.75 9.50 4.50 7.50 (NA) 7.00 3.50 (2)1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.25 5.79 0.50 (NA) 3.00 9.00 (NA) 7.00 1.50 (2)1996, May . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.00 5.00 (NA) (NA) 2.50 (NA) (NA) 5.50 1.50 (2)

Money market rates: 41990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.10 11.62 7.24 9.85 7.92 12.38 8.29 13.45 8.33 14.641992. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.52 6.79 4.58 10.35 9.42 14.02 9.27 18.42 7.47 9.391993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.02 3.79 33.06 8.75 7.49 10.20 7.10 9.08 4.94 5.461994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.20 5.54 2.20 5.69 5.35 8.51 5.14 7.36 3.85 4.761995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.84 5.71 1.21 6.35 4.50 10.46 4.22 8.54 2.89 5.981996, May . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.24 4.77 (NA) 3.75 3.33 (NA) 2.67 6.70 2.23 6.13

Government bond yields:1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.55 10.85 7.36 9.96 8.88 11.51 8.92 13.08 36.68 11.081992. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.01 8.77 4.94 8.60 7.96 13.27 8.10 10.02 5.48 9.121993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.82 7.85 3.69 6.91 6.28 11.31 6.51 8.54 4.05 7.871994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.11 8.63 3.71 7.35 6.67 10.56 7.20 39.41 5.23 8.051995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.58 8.28 2.53 7.59 6.50 12.21 7.20 (NA) 3.73 8.261996, May . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.74 7.92 (NA) 6.57 5.81 (NA) 6.67 (NA) 4.33 8.35

NA Not available. 1 End of period. 2 Minimum lending rate suspended as of August 20, 1981. 3 Beginning in yearshown, data not comparable with previous years. 4 Period averages.

Source: International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, International Financial Statistics, monthly (copyright).

Comparative International Statistics852

No. 1369. Reserve Assets and International Transaction Balances, by Country:1990 to 1994

[In millions of U.S. dollars. Assets include holdings of convertible foreign currencies, special drawing rights, and reserveposition in International Monetary Fund and exclude gold holdings. Minus sign (-) indicates decrease]

COUNTRY

TOTAL RESERVE ASSETS CURRENT ACCOUNTBALANCE

MERCHANDISE TRADEBALANCE

1990 1993

1994

1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994Total

Cur-rencyhold-ings 1

United States . . . . . 72,260 62,350 63,280 41,220 -91,740 -103,930 -155,680 -109,020 -132,570 -166,360

Algeria . . . . . . . . . . 725 1,475 2,674 2,651 1,420 (NA) (NA) 4,187 (NA) (NA)Argentina . . . . . . . . 4,592 13,791 14,327 13,764 4,552 -7,452 (NA) 8,628 -2,428 (NA)Australia . . . . . . . . . 16,265 11,102 11,285 10,706 -14,849 -10,369 (NA) 368 -123 (NA)Austria . . . . . . . . . . 9,376 14,611 16,822 16,008 1,174 -875 (NA) -7,012 -7,825 -9,210Bangladesh. . . . . . . 629 2,411 3,139 3,103 -398 197 (NA) -1,587 -1,283 (NA)Belgium . . . . . . . . . 12,151 11,415 13,876 12,884 4,950 12,588 (NA) 590 3,933 (NA)Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . 7,441 30,604 37,070 37,069 -3,788 -637 (NA) 10,747 13,072 (NA)Burma . . . . . . . . . . 313 303 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Cameroon. . . . . . . . 26 2 2 2 -467 -742 (NA) 778 217 (NA)Canada . . . . . . . . . 17,845 12,481 12,286 10,219 -21,548 -23,869 -18,171 8,330 7,612 12,787Chile . . . . . . . . . . . 6,069 9,640 13,088 13,087 -648 -2,093 (NA) 1,273 -979 (NA)China. . . . . . . . . . . 29,586 22,387 52,914 51,620 11,997 -11,609 (NA) 9,165 -10,654 (NA)Colombia . . . . . . . . 4,212 7,552 7,750 7,453 542 (NA) (NA) 1,971 (NA) (NA)Cote d’Ivoire . . . . . . 4 2 185 185 -1,210 -1,229 (NA) 1,327 1,072 (NA)Denmark. . . . . . . . . 10,591 10,301 9,056 8,444 1,372 4,711 (NA) 4,875 7,812 (NA)Ecuador . . . . . . . . . 839 1,380 1,841 1,812 -166 -360 (NA) 1,003 578 (NA)

Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . 2,684 12,904 13,481 13,316 185 2,299 (NA) -6,699 -6,680 (NA)Finland. . . . . . . . . . 9,644 5,411 10,662 10,051 -6,961 -980 1,068 725 6,392 7,660France . . . . . . . . . . 36,778 22,649 26,257 23,520 -15,236 10,201 4,899 -13,671 6,997 8,660Germany 2 . . . . . . . 67,902 77,640 77,363 72,219 46 -15 -23 71 45 56Ghana . . . . . . . . . . 219 410 584 554 -229 (NA) (NA) -308 (NA) (NA)Greece. . . . . . . . . . 3,412 7,790 14,488 14,322 -3,537 -747 (NA) -10,178 -10,557 (NA)Hungary . . . . . . . . . 1,070 6,771 (NA) (NA) 379 -4,262 (NA) 534 -4,021 (NA)India . . . . . . . . . . . 1,521 10,199 19,698 19,386 -7,037 (NA) (NA) -5,151 (NA) (NA)

Indonesia . . . . . . . . 7,459 11,263 12,133 11,820 -2,988 -2,016 (NA) 5,352 8,231 (NA)Ireland . . . . . . . . . . 5,223 5,925 6,115 5,745 45 3,646 (NA) 3,969 8,172 (NA)Israel . . . . . . . . . . . 6,275 6,383 6,792 6,792 558 -1,373 -2,757 -2,981 -5,607 -6,096Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,927 27,545 32,265 30,107 -16,827 11,176 (NA) 1,373 32,278 (NA)Japan . . . . . . . . . . 78,501 98,524 125,860 115,146 35,870 131,150 (NA) 63,580 141,570 (NA)Kenya . . . . . . . . . . 205 406 558 539 -520 153 (NA) -995 -307 (NA)Korea, South . . . . . . 14,793 20,228 25,639 25,032 -2,172 384 (NA) -2,004 1,860 (NA)Kuwait . . . . . . . . . . 1,952 4,214 3,501 3,212 4,164 6,344 (NA) 3,578 4,373 (NA)Libya . . . . . . . . . . . 5,839 (NA) (NA) (NA) 2,201 (NA) (NA) 3,777 (NA) (NA)

Malaysia . . . . . . . . . 9,754 27,249 (NA) (NA) -918 -2,466 (NA) 2,622 3,183 (NA)Mexico . . . . . . . . . . 9,863 25,110 6,278 6,101 -7,451 -23,391 (NA) -4,433 -18,891 (NA)Morocco . . . . . . . . . 2,066 3,655 4,352 4,281 -200 -525 (NA) -2,071 -2,380 (NA)Nepal . . . . . . . . . . . 295 640 694 685 -289 -223 (NA) -449 -462 (NA)Netherlands . . . . . . 17,484 31,344 34,532 32,716 8,930 9,371 (NA) 10,330 12,915 (NA)Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . 3,864 1,372 1,386 1,386 4,988 (NA) (NA) 8,653 (NA) (NA)Norway. . . . . . . . . . 15,332 19,622 19,026 17,992 4,023 2,453 (NA) 7,761 8,016 (NA)Pakistan . . . . . . . . . 296 1,197 2,929 2,929 -1,654 -2,936 (NA) -2,714 -2,552 (NA)

Peru . . . . . . . . . . . 1,040 3,408 (NA) (NA) -901 -1,800 (NA) 339 -580 (NA)Philippines . . . . . . . 924 4,676 6,017 5,866 -2,695 -3,289 (NA) -4,020 -6,222 (NA)Poland . . . . . . . . . . 4,492 4,092 5,842 5,728 3,067 -5,788 (NA) 3,589 -3,505 (NA)Portugal . . . . . . . . . 14,485 15,840 (NA) (NA) -181 947 (NA) -6,831 -6,886 (NA)Romania. . . . . . . . . 373 995 2,086 2,031 -3,254 -1,162 (NA) -3,344 -1,128 (NA)Saudi Arabia . . . . . . 11,668 7,428 7,378 5,888 -4,117 -14,218 (NA) 22,756 19,020 (NA)Singapore . . . . . . . . 27,748 48,361 58,177 57,890 2,094 2,039 (NA) -4,718 -8,065 (NA)South Africa . . . . . . 1,008 1,020 1,685 1,684 2,077 1,805 (NA) 6,783 5,781 (NA)Spain . . . . . . . . . . . 51,228 41,045 41,569 40,205 -16,819 -4,640 -5,173 -29,566 -15,718 -15,335Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . 423 1,629 2,046 2,016 -298 -381 (NA) -473 -742 (NA)Sudan . . . . . . . . . . 11 38 (NA) (NA) -372 (NA) (NA) -322 (NA) (NA)Sweden . . . . . . . . . 17,988 19,050 23,254 22,527 -6,693 -4,057 (NA) 3,402 7,669 (NA)Switzerland . . . . . . . 29,223 32,635 34,729 33,554 6,942 16,696 (NA) -6,391 2,237 (NA)Syria . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 1,762 -607 (NA) 2,094 -322 (NA)

Thailand . . . . . . . . . 13,305 24,473 29,332 28,884 -7,282 -6,928 (NA) -6,751 -4,146 (NA)Trinidad and Tobago . 492 206 352 352 440 102 (NA) 988 524 (NA)Turkey . . . . . . . . . . 6,050 6,272 7,169 7,121 -2,625 -6,380 (NA) -9,555 -14,162 (NA)United Kingdom . . . . 35,850 36,780 41,010 38,530 -33,037 -16,842 (NA) -32,742 -19,869 (NA)Venezuela. . . . . . . . 8,321 9,216 8,067 7,393 8,279 -2,223 (NA) 10,637 2,902 (NA)Zaire . . . . . . . . . . . 219 46 121 121 -643 (NA) (NA) 600 (NA) (NA)

NA Not available. 1 Holdings of convertible foreign currencies. 2 Prior to July 1990, data for former West Germany.

Source: International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, International Financial Statistics, monthly (copyright).

Reserve Assets and International Trade Balances 853

No. 1370. Foreign Trade—Source of Imports and Destination of Exports,by Country: 1994

[In billions of dollars. All exports are f.o.b. (free on board) and all imports are c.i.f. (cost insurance freight) except forUnited States, Australian, and Canadian imports, which are f.o.b.]

COUNTRY Total 1O.E.C.D. 2

C.E.E.C.4China,Vietnam,NorthKorea

O.P.E.C. 5

Otherdevel-opingcoun-tries 6

Africa Ameri-ca 7

MiddleEast 8

FarEast 9

Total E.U. 3

IMPORTSValue (bil. dol.):Australia . . . . . . . 49.9 35.9 11.8 0.6 2.6 1.8 9.2 0.6 0.5 1.2 8.3Austria . . . . . . . . 55.3 48.0 37.8 1.3 0.8 1.0 4.0 0.7 0.5 0.5 2.0Belgium-Luxembourg . . . . 122.0 105.8 91.1 0.8 1.3 1.3 10.8 3.6 1.7 1.3 4.1Canada. . . . . . . . 147.8 128.9 14.4 0.2 2.9 2.0 11.0 0.8 2.5 0.6 8.5France . . . . . . . . 230.4 186.5 144.6 2.2 4.3 8.4 25.1 10.4 4.3 5.2 10.4Germany . . . . . . . 378.1 299.0 209.6 12.0 10.0 8.2 47.3 8.8 8.3 3.7 25.1Italy . . . . . . . . . . 166.7 127.0 101.2 3.6 3.1 8.8 21.6 11.5 4.1 3.6 6.0Japan . . . . . . . . . 274.8 132.6 38.9 0.2 29.3 38.0 72.4 4.1 7.9 27.8 67.8Netherlands . . . . . 122.8 96.5 74.2 1.7 2.0 6.4 16.0 3.0 4.6 4.3 9.4Spain . . . . . . . . . 92.5 73.6 59.3 0.5 1.9 5.6 10.2 5.9 3.1 2.3 3.8Sweden . . . . . . . 51.7 44.4 32.5 1.1 1.1 0.8 4.2 0.4 0.8 0.6 2.3Switzerland . . . . . 67.7 61.7 53.8 0.2 0.8 0.8 4.0 0.1 0.7 0.7 2.3United Kingdom . . 229.0 189.4 127.7 2.0 2.6 4.2 28.6 4.9 3.8 3.4 20.2United States . . . . 663.8 433.2 119.5 1.6 38.9 33.4 149.5 14.2 38.5 15.8 117.5

Percent distribution:Australia . . . . . . . 100.0 71.9 23.6 1.2 5.3 3.6 18.5 1.2 1.0 2.4 16.6Austria . . . . . . . . 100.0 86.8 68.3 2.4 1.5 1.7 7.2 1.3 0.9 0.9 3.7Belgium-Luxembourg . . . . 100.0 86.7 74.6 0.7 1.1 1.1 8.9 3.0 1.4 1.1 3.3Canada. . . . . . . . 100.0 87.2 9.7 0.2 2.0 1.4 7.5 0.6 1.7 0.4 5.8France . . . . . . . . 100.0 80.9 62.8 0.9 1.9 3.7 10.9 4.5 1.9 2.2 4.5Germany . . . . . . . 100.0 79.1 55.4 3.2 2.6 2.2 12.5 2.3 2.2 1.0 6.6Italy . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 76.2 60.7 2.2 1.9 5.3 13.0 6.9 2.5 2.2 3.6Japan . . . . . . . . . 100.0 48.3 14.2 0.1 10.7 13.8 26.3 1.5 2.9 10.1 24.7Netherlands . . . . . 100.0 78.6 60.4 1.4 1.7 5.2 13.0 2.4 3.7 3.5 7.6Spain . . . . . . . . . 100.0 79.5 64.1 0.5 2.1 6.1 11.0 6.4 3.4 2.5 4.2Sweden . . . . . . . 100.0 85.9 62.9 2.1 2.1 1.6 8.1 0.7 1.6 1.2 4.4Switzerland . . . . . 100.0 91.1 79.4 0.4 1.2 1.2 5.9 0.2 1.1 1.1 3.4United Kingdom . . 100.0 82.7 55.8 0.9 1.2 1.8 12.5 2.2 1.7 1.5 8.8United States . . . . 100.0 65.3 18.0 0.2 5.9 5.0 22.5 2.1 5.8 2.4 17.7

EXPORTSValue (bil. dol.):Australia . . . . . . . 47.4 24.6 5.3 0.1 2.2 2.5 16.4 0.7 0.5 1.2 15.4Austria . . . . . . . . 45.0 38.3 29.2 1.9 0.4 1.0 3.4 0.7 0.4 0.7 1.3Belgium-Luxembourg . . . . 134.3 115.4 100.3 1.1 1.0 2.2 13.6 2.9 1.2 4.4 6.5Canada. . . . . . . . 165.8 154.4 9.0 0.1 1.7 2.0 7.3 0.8 2.5 1.1 4.9France . . . . . . . . 234.2 186.1 148.6 2.3 2.5 8.0 34.2 14.3 7.3 6.4 11.9Germany . . . . . . . 424.1 339.0 244.8 12.4 6.5 11.0 51.5 9.0 7.7 10.4 26.3Italy . . . . . . . . . . 188.5 142.9 108.6 5.0 2.4 7.2 29.5 6.8 6.1 7.6 10.9Japan . . . . . . . . . 395.6 205.1 61.3 0.2 19.4 16.4 150.8 6.8 13.4 9.8 138.4Netherlands . . . . . 134.9 116.8 102.7 1.9 0.6 2.6 11.4 2.5 1.9 2.5 5.4Spain . . . . . . . . . 73.3 60.4 51.7 0.6 0.8 2.4 8.9 3.0 3.2 1.7 2.5Sweden . . . . . . . 61.3 51.8 36.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 6.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 3.5Switzerland . . . . . 70.1 55.7 43.4 0.7 0.6 2.2 10.4 1.3 1.7 2.6 6.7United Kingdom . . 206.5 165.4 118.1 1.7 1.4 7.2 27.8 6.4 3.4 8.2 16.7United States . . . . 512.4 348.0 107.8 1.4 9.5 19.1 132.0 9.2 41.8 16.1 82.0

Percent distribution:Australia . . . . . . . 100.0 51.9 11.1 0.3 4.6 5.3 34.7 1.5 1.0 2.5 32.4Austria . . . . . . . . 100.0 85.1 64.8 4.3 0.8 2.1 7.5 1.6 0.8 1.6 2.9Belgium-Luxembourg . . . . 100.0 86.0 74.7 0.8 0.7 1.6 10.1 2.1 0.9 3.3 4.8Canada. . . . . . . . 100.0 93.1 5.4 0.1 1.0 1.2 4.4 0.5 1.5 0.7 3.0France . . . . . . . . 100.0 79.5 63.4 1.0 1.1 3.4 14.6 6.1 3.1 2.7 5.1Germany . . . . . . . 100.0 79.9 57.7 2.9 1.5 2.6 12.1 2.1 1.8 2.5 6.2Italy . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 75.8 57.6 2.7 1.3 3.8 15.7 3.6 3.3 4.0 5.8Japan . . . . . . . . . 100.0 51.8 15.5 0.1 4.9 4.2 38.1 1.7 3.4 2.5 35.0Netherlands . . . . . 100.0 86.6 76.2 1.4 0.4 2.0 8.5 1.9 1.4 1.9 4.0Spain . . . . . . . . . 100.0 82.3 70.5 0.8 1.2 3.3 12.1 4.1 4.4 2.3 3.4Sweden . . . . . . . 100.0 84.5 59.3 2.0 1.8 1.8 9.8 1.6 1.8 2.0 5.7Switzerland . . . . . 100.0 79.5 62.0 1.0 0.9 3.1 14.9 1.9 2.4 3.8 9.6United Kingdom . . 100.0 80.1 57.2 0.8 0.7 3.5 13.5 3.1 1.6 4.0 8.1United States . . . . 100.0 67.9 21.0 0.3 1.9 3.7 25.8 1.8 8.2 3.1 16.0

1 Includes other areas not shown separately. 2 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. For membercountries, see text, section 30. 3 European Union comprises Austria, Belgium-Luxembourg, Denmark, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and United Kingdom. 4 Central and Eastern Europeancountries comprises Albania, the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia.5 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries comprises Algeria, Ecuador, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar,Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. 6 Comprises trade with all countries other than China, North Korea,Vietnam, South Africa, Eastern Europe, and members of OPEC and OECD. 7 All countries comprising the continent exceptCanada, Mexico, and the United States. 8 Comprises Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Gaza Strip, Jordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yemen,Kuwait, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman, and Iran. 9 All countries comprising the continent of Asia except Japan,China, North Korea, Vietnam, and those countries listed under Middle East.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France. Data derived from Monthly Statistics ofForeign Trade (copyright).

Comparative International Statistics854

No. 1371. Foreign Exchange Rates: 1980 to 1995

[National currency units per dollar, except as noted. Data are averages of certified noon buying rates for cable transfers]

YEAR Australia 1

(dollar)Austria(schilling)

Belgium(franc)

Canada(dollar)

Denmark(krone)

France(franc)

Germany(deutschemark)

Greece(drachma)

Hong Kong(dollar)

1980 . . . . . . . 114.00 12.945 29.237 1.1693 5.6345 4.2250 1.8175 42.62 4.97601985 . . . . . . . 70.03 20.676 59.336 1.3658 10.5980 8.9799 2.9420 138.40 7.79111986 . . . . . . . 67.09 15.260 44.662 1.3896 8.0954 6.9256 2.1705 139.93 7.80371987 . . . . . . . 70.14 12.649 37.357 1.3259 6.8477 6.0121 1.7981 135.47 7.79851988 . . . . . . . 78.41 12.357 36.783 1.2306 6.7411 5.9594 1.7570 142.00 7.80711989 . . . . . . . 79.19 13.236 39.409 1.1842 7.3210 6.3802 1.8808 162.60 7.80081990 . . . . . . . 78.07 11.331 33.424 1.1668 6.1899 5.4467 1.6166 158.59 7.78991991 . . . . . . . 75.93 11.686 34.195 1.1460 6.4038 5.6468 1.6610 182.63 7.77121992 . . . . . . . 73.52 10.992 32.148 1.2085 6.0372 5.2935 1.5618 190.81 7.74021993 . . . . . . . 67.99 11.639 34.581 1.2902 6.4863 5.6669 1.6545 229.64 7.73571994 . . . . . . . 73.16 11.409 33.426 1.3664 6.3561 5.5459 1.6216 242.50 7.72901995 . . . . . . . 74.07 10.076 29.472 1.3725 5.5999 4.9864 1.4321 231.68 7.7357

India(rupee)

Ireland 1

(pound)Italy(lira)

Japan(yen)

Malaysia(ringgit)

Nether-lands

(guilder)

NewZealand1(dollar)

Norway(krone)

Portugal(escudo)

1980 . . . . . . . 7.887 205.77 856.20 226.63 2.1767 1.9875 97.34 4.9381 50.081985 . . . . . . . 12.332 106.62 1,908.90 238.47 2.4806 3.3184 49.75 8.5933 172.071986 . . . . . . . 12.597 134.14 1,491.16 168.35 2.5830 2.4484 52.46 7.3984 149.801987 . . . . . . . 12.943 148.79 1,297.03 144.60 2.5185 2.0263 59.33 6.7408 141.201988 . . . . . . . 13.899 152.49 1,302.39 128.17 2.6189 1.9778 65.56 6.5242 144.261989 . . . . . . . 16.213 141.80 1,372.28 138.07 2.7079 2.1219 59.35 6.9131 157.531990 . . . . . . . 17.492 165.76 1,198.27 145.00 2.7057 1.8215 59.62 6.2541 142.701991 . . . . . . . 22.712 174.70 1,241.28 134.59 2.7503 1.8720 54.03 6.4912 144.771992 . . . . . . . 28.156 170.42 1,232.17 126.78 2.5463 1.7587 53.79 6.2142 135.071993 . . . . . . . 31.291 146.47 1,573.41 111.08 2.5738 1.8585 54.13 7.0979 161.081994 . . . . . . . 31.394 149.69 1,611.49 102.18 2.6237 1.8190 59.36 7.0553 165.931995 . . . . . . . 32.418 160.35 1,629.45 93.96 2.5073 1.6044 65.62 6.3355 149.88

Singapore(dollar)

SouthAfrica(rand)

SouthKorea(won)

Spain(peseta)

Sweden(krona)

Switzer-land(franc)

Taiwan(dollar)

Thai-land(baht)

UnitedKingdom1

(pound)1980 . . . . . . . 2.1412 0.7796 607.43 71.76 4.2309 1.6772 36.015 20.476 232.431985 . . . . . . . 2.2008 2.2344 861.89 169.98 8.6031 2.4551 39.889 27.193 129.741986 . . . . . . . 2.1782 2.2919 884.61 140.04 7.1272 1.7979 37.837 26.314 146.771987 . . . . . . . 2.1059 2.0385 825.93 123.54 6.3468 1.4918 31.756 25.774 163.981988 . . . . . . . 2.0132 2.2770 734.51 116.52 6.1369 1.4642 28.636 25.312 178.131989 . . . . . . . 1.9511 2.6214 674.29 118.44 6.4559 1.6369 26.407 25.725 163.821990 . . . . . . . 1.8134 2.5885 710.64 101.96 5.9231 1.3901 26.918 25.609 178.411991 . . . . . . . 1.7283 2.7633 736.73 104.01 6.0521 1.4356 26.759 25.528 176.741992 . . . . . . . 1.6294 2.8524 784.58 102.38 5.8258 1.4064 25.160 25.411 176.631993 . . . . . . . 1.6158 3.2729 805.75 127.48 7.7956 1.4781 26.416 25.333 150.161994 . . . . . . . 1.5275 3.5526 806.93 133.88 7.7161 1.3667 26.465 25.161 153.191995 . . . . . . . 1.4171 3.6286 772.82 124.64 7.1406 1.1812 26.495 24.921 157.85

1 Value is U.S. cents per unit of foreign currency.

Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Reserve Bulletin, monthly.

No. 1372. External Debt of Eastern European Countries: 1990 to 1994[In billions of dollars. Gross debt: total amount owed. Commercial debt: money owed to private institutions or individuals.

Official debt: money owed to or guaranteed by a foreign government]

ITEM 1990 1993 1994

Bulgaria: Gross debt . . . . . . . . . 10.6 12.5 12.9Commercial debt . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 (NA) (NA)Official debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 (NA) (NA)

Czech Republic: Gross debt . . . . (X) 8.5 9.0Commercial debt . . . . . . . . . . (X) 6.5 7.5Official debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 0.2 0.3Multilateral institutions . . . . . . . (X) 1.8 1.2

Hungary: Gross debt . . . . . . . . . 21.3 24.6 28.5Commercial debt . . . . . . . . . . 18.2 18.4 21.3Official debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 2.8 2.2Multilateral institutions . . . . . . . 1.7 3.4 5.0

Poland: Gross debt . . . . . . . . . . 48.5 48.4 42.2

ITEM 1990 1993 1994

Commercial debt . . . . . . . . . . 14.4 12.7 (NA)Official debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.8 29.6 (NA)Multilateral institutions . . . . . . . 1.3 6.1 (NA)

Romania: Gross debt . . . . . . . . . 0.9 3.4 4.4Commercial debt . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 (NA) (NA)Official debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 (NA) (NA)Multilateral institutions . . . . . . . 0.4 (NA) (NA)

Russia: 1 Gross debt . . . . . . . . . 53.6 95.0 110.0Commercial debt . . . . . . . . . . 35.6 50.0 35.0Official debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.0 30.0 60.0Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 15.0 15.0

Slovakia: Gross debt . . . . . . . . . (X) 3.7 4.3

NA Not available. X Not applicable. 1 The debt of the former Soviet Union was assumed by Russia.

Source: U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, Handbook of International Economic Statistics, 1995; and unpublished data.

Foreign Exchange Rates 855

No. 1373. External Public Debt, by Country: 1990 to 1994

[External public debt is defined as debt repayable to external creditors in foreign currency, goods, or services, with an original orextended maturity of more than 1 year, which is a direct obligation of, or has repayment guaranteed by, a public body in the bor-rowing country. Excludes undisbursed debt (amounts not yet drawn by recipient) and unguaranteed private debt, which for somecountries is substantial. Debt contracted for the purchase of military equipment is not usually reported. Debt service paymentsrepresent the sum of interest payments and repayments of principal on external public debt]

COUNTRY

TOTAL EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT(mil. dol.)

DEBT SERVICEPAYMENTS(mil. dol.)

DEBT SERVICERATIO 2

(percent)

1990 1992 1993

1994

1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994Total 1

Bilat-eralofficial

Banks

Inter-nation-al or-

ganiza-tions

Argentina . . . . . . . . 46,906 47,605 52,024 55,785 11,070 918 7,695 4,812 5,137 4,522 32 29 22Bangladesh. . . . . . . 12,289 13,203 14,107 15,713 6,203 5 9,261 547 470 582 20 12 14Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . 3,690 3,674 3,695 4,113 1,755 23 2,275 275 273 285 28 30 24Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . 89,187 91,988 92,968 94,512 20,304 6,514 9,272 5,670 5,143 8,792 16 12 17Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . 9,834 10,034 9,819 9,013 1,463 485 1,390 1,317 238 634 29 5 12Cameroon. . . . . . . . 4,709 5,595 5,602 5,970 3,699 208 1,620 244 278 286 11 12 13Chile . . . . . . . . . . . 10,426 9,578 8,868 8,947 727 3,740 4,369 1,612 1,533 1,250 15 12 8China. . . . . . . . . . . 45,515 58,462 70,076 84,554 15,385 22,723 13,588 5,853 9,347 10,161 10 10 8Colombia . . . . . . . . 14,671 13,238 12,865 13,604 1,886 4,623 5,379 3,115 2,756 3,232 33 26 26Congo . . . . . . . . . . 4,208 3,877 4,117 4,667 2,982 846 697 475 95 532 32 8 49Costa Rica . . . . . . . 3,063 3,180 3,118 3,155 1,242 6 1,292 433 445 381 21 15 11Cote d’Ivoire . . . . . . 9,849 10,528 10,430 11,271 5,195 2,553 3,367 473 457 657 13 14 21Croatia . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 870 902 255 55 529 (X) 170 165 (X) 3 2Dominican Republic . 3,442 3,725 3,763 3,681 1,917 26 937 145 275 454 7 11 18Ecuador . . . . . . . . . 9,867 9,831 9,935 10,384 2,352 5,160 2,412 875 762 856 27 20 19Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . 26,976 28,254 28,404 30,538 24,268 553 4,161 2,487 1,862 1,857 18 12 12Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . 3,634 4,188 4,503 4,815 2,258 94 2,124 201 84 88 24 11 11Gabon . . . . . . . . . . 3,135 3,002 2,891 3,483 2,752 188 454 102 61 182 4 2 8Ghana . . . . . . . . . . 2,757 3,289 3,584 4,074 1,055 22 2,670 183 193 217 18 16 16Guatemala . . . . . . . 2,241 2,109 2,238 2,368 1,104 143 854 164 225 231 10 11 9Honduras . . . . . . . . 3,425 3,232 3,650 3,884 1,492 96 2,062 307 331 380 29 29 31Hungary . . . . . . . . . 18,006 17,843 19,777 22,091 823 3,930 3,465 3,750 3,891 4,638 33 36 43India 3 . . . . . . . . . . 69,328 77,479 81,668 87,880 31,067 18,455 31,485 5,677 7,047 8,131 22 22 20Indonesia . . . . . . . . 48,066 53,958 57,461 63,848 30,589 7,553 19,146 7,371 9,102 9,319 23 22 19Jamaica . . . . . . . . . 3,934 3,567 3,460 3,440 1,911 265 1,183 481 425 469 20 16 16Jordan . . . . . . . . . . 7,050 6,924 6,770 6,847 2,819 435 1,008 550 507 463 19 13 11Kenya . . . . . . . . . . 4,760 5,157 5,254 5,651 2,151 664 2,754 502 404 709 23 19 27Korea, South . . . . . . 18,787 24,051 24,567 27,103 6,313 4,734 3,100 4,770 6,214 4,462 6 6 4Macedonia, TheFormer YugoslavRepublic of . . . . . . (X) (X) 528 529 113 108 218 (X) 8 137 (X) 1 11Madagascar . . . . . . 3,360 3,496 3,357 3,565 1,879 39 1,597 147 58 46 28 12 6Malaysia . . . . . . . . . 12,684 13,469 13,829 13,751 3,432 2,342 1,721 2,828 3,307 4,015 8 6 6Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,345 2,474 2,499 2,623 1,389 2 1,232 40 28 119 8 5 25Mexico . . . . . . . . . . 75,981 71,068 74,892 79,097 10,361 8,630 17,075 7,843 10,615 11,711 18 21 21Morocco . . . . . . . . . 22,143 20,510 20,311 21,560 10,466 3,274 6,178 1,432 2,374 2,736 19 28 30Nicaragua . . . . . . . . 8,245 8,999 8,770 9,006 5,801 1,298 1,312 10 111 172 2 30 36Oman . . . . . . . . . . 2,400 2,340 2,315 2,608 439 1,521 162 714 583 525 12 10 10Pakistan . . . . . . . . . 16,503 18,551 20,429 22,993 10,345 410 11,494 1,388 1,914 2,804 17 19 28Panama . . . . . . . . . 3,988 3,771 3,799 3,923 674 2,599 583 141 215 303 3 3 4Papua New Guinea . 1,501 1,543 1,572 1,622 466 148 902 274 251 303 18 9 10Philippines . . . . . . . 24,076 25,607 27,473 29,577 14,212 413 8,346 2,899 4,243 3,519 22 22 14Poland . . . . . . . . . . 39,059 42,896 41,447 39,110 29,228 362 1,957 838 1,306 2,473 5 8 13Senegal . . . . . . . . . 2,939 2,961 3,009 3,070 1,188 66 1,775 211 71 142 13 5 10Slovenia . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 1,256 1,358 250 578 494 (X) 187 207 (X) 2 2Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . 4,934 5,625 5,946 6,597 3,487 253 2,653 285 372 372 10 9 9Sudan . . . . . . . . . . 9,155 8,984 8,994 9,372 5,701 1,631 2,036 23 17 - 3 4 -Syria . . . . . . . . . . . 14,917 15,913 16,235 16,539 14,452 - 918 1,191 174 229 22 3 4Tanzania. . . . . . . . . 5,822 5,884 5,897 6,232 3,199 63 2,643 135 209 153 25 28 18Thailand . . . . . . . . . 12,570 13,427 14,553 16,672 7,539 2,808 3,121 3,270 2,175 2,650 10 4 4Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . 6,662 7,202 7,424 7,914 3,303 612 3,504 1,221 1,218 1,314 21 19 17Turkey . . . . . . . . . . 38,684 40,360 44,259 48,519 8,587 13,306 9,286 6,480 6,991 7,609 26 23 23Uganda . . . . . . . . . 2,236 2,517 2,685 2,955 831 27 2,028 87 151 123 35 62 36Uruguay . . . . . . . . . 3,045 3,139 3,368 3,774 325 261 1,218 711 510 420 29 18 12Venezuela. . . . . . . . 24,509 25,830 26,855 28,039 1,411 585 3,133 4,168 2,300 2,125 19 13 11Yemen . . . . . . . . . . 5,154 5,253 5,341 5,306 2,379 80 1,207 108 99 120 4 4 4Yugoslavia 4 . . . . . . 12,986 11,117 8,656 8,963 3,118 4,127 1,711 2,719 14 (NA) 9 - (NA)Zaire . . . . . . . . . . . 9,006 8,948 8,769 9,281 6,095 518 2,326 137 12 1 6 1 -Zambia. . . . . . . . . . 4,852 4,744 4,668 4,858 2,674 7 1,989 173 237 305 13 22 26Zimbabwe. . . . . . . . 2,464 2,788 3,012 3,253 1,115 81 1,489 370 476 442 18 23 19

- Represents or rounds to zero. NA Not available. X Not applicable. 1 Includes other types of creditors not shownseparately. 2 Debt service payments as percent of exports. 3 Fiscal year basis. 4 The bulk of the debt of Yugoslavianenterprises is reported as nonguaranteed.

Source: The World Bank, Washington, DC, World Debt Tables, periodic.

Comparative International Statistics856

No. 1374. Net Flow of Financial Resources to Developing Countries: 1980 to 1993

[In billions of U.S. dollars. Net flow covers loans, grants, and grant-like flows minus amortization on loans. Military flows are excluded.Developing countries cover countries designated by Development Assistance Committee (DAC) as developing. Official develop-ment assistance covers all flows to developing countries and multilateral institutions provided by official agencies, including Stateand local governments, or by their executive agencies, which are administered with the promotion of economic development andwelfare of developing countries as their main objective and whose financial terms are intended to be concessional in character withgrant element of at least 25 percent. Other official flows cover export credits and portfolio investment from the official sector]

ORIGIN AND TYPE OFRESOURCE 1980 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

DAC countries 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.4 45.2 68.8 66.4 85.6 84.4 76.4 94.7 115.8 (NA)Official development assistance . 27.3 29.4 36.7 41.6 48.1 45.7 53.0 56.7 60.9 56.0Bilateral grants 2 . . . . . . . . . 14.1 17.8 21.1 23.4 26.0 25.9 30.8 34.6 32.9 33.1Bilateral loans . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 4.1 5.2 6.6 7.1 7.1 6.4 6.6 8.3 5.9Multilateral contributions 3 . . . 9.2 7.5 10.4 11.6 15.0 12.8 15.8 15.4 19.6 17.0

Other official flows . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 3.4 2.1 2.0 4.9 5.8 8.6 7.1 8.9 7.5Private flows at market terms. . . 40.4 9.4 26.7 18.8 28.3 28.8 9.8 25.5 40.1 62.0Direct investment . . . . . . . . . 10.1 6.5 11.0 21.0 25.1 30.1 26.3 22.6 28.1 34.9Private export credits . . . . . . 11.5 0.8 -1.7 -2.4 -1.3 5.7 -0.4 1.1 0.6 1.4Portfolio investment . . . . . . . 18.7 2.1 17.4 0.3 4.4 -7.0 -16.2 1.8 11.2 25.7

Private voluntary agencies. . . . . 2.4 2.9 3.3 4.0 4.2 4.0 5.1 5.4 6.0 5.6OPEC 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 4.1 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)Official development assistance . 9.7 3.6 4.7 3.3 2.4 1.7 6.0 2.7 1.2 (NA)Other official flows . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 0.5 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Total net flow to developing countries,by DAC country 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 75.4 45.2 68.8 66.4 85.6 84.4 76.4 94.7 115.8 (NA)United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9 1.8 18.2 13.8 17.5 16.4 11.1 20.8 33.5 58.3Official development assistance 7.1 9.4 9.6 8.9 10.1 7.7 11.4 11.3 11.7 10.1Bilateral grants 2 . . . . . . . . 3.0 7.3 7.0 6.7 6.5 6.8 8.5 12.1 8.7 8.5Bilateral loans. . . . . . . . . . 1.4 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.3 (Z) -0.2 -2.7 -0.8 -1.2Multilateral contributions 3. . 2.8 1.2 2.0 1.9 3.4 0.9 3.0 1.9 3.9 2.8

Other official flows . . . . . . . . 1.1 0.2 -0.6 -1.8 1.9 -0.5 -0.4 -0.8 1.3 0.1Private flows at market terms . 4.3 -9.3 7.5 4.4 3.2 7.3 -2.4 7.6 17.7 45.4Direct investment . . . . . . . 3.4 0.9 3.1 8.0 4.2 7.1 7.8 10.5 14.0 20.6Private export credits andportfolio investment . . . . . 0.9 -10.2 4.4 -3.6 -1.0 -0.3 -10.1 -2.9 3.7 24.8

Private voluntary agencies . . . 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.6 2.3 1.9 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.6Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 1.2 1.1 0.9 3.6 1.5 1.5 -2.1 4.2 2.1Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 1.3 -0.8 -0.3 1.8 1.5 0.1 1.5 2.2 (NA)Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 1.7 1.6 2.5 3.0 2.7 3.5 4.0 4.2 5.3Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.4Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.3France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 8.9 9.2 8.7 5.4 5.3 5.7 6.5 10.8 (NA)Germany 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 5.8 7.9 8.8 11.8 12.1 13.6 13.1 8.9 15.3Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 2.2 2.6 2.0 5.1 5.8 3.2 7.5 6.2 2.4Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 11.6 14.6 20.3 18.9 22.0 17.2 24.5 16.2 15.9Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (Z) 5.9 (NA)Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.2 2.7 2.5 4.0 4.4 3.4 5.6New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.2Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3Spain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 0.2 1.2 0.6 0.4 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.3Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.8 2.3 2.3 2.8 1.8 3.0 2.5Switzerland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 2.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.8 3.4 3.0 3.1 0.9United Kingdom. . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 2.5 6.7 3.5 4.3 9.5 6.5 5.6 9.3 8.8

NA Not available. Z Less than $50 million. 1 Includes flows to OPEC countries (see footnote 4). DAC countries listedbelow. Country totals may not add to DAC total because debt forgiveness of non-official development assistance claims is notincluded in DAC totals. 2 Includes ‘‘grant-like’’ flows (i.e., loans repayable in recipients’ currencies). 3 Includes capitalsubscriptions to multilateral organizations in the form of demand instruments as of date of issue. 4 Organization of PetroleumExporting Countries: Algeria, Ecuador, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, andVenezuela. 5 Former West Germany.

No. 1375. Per Capita Public and Private Aid to Developing Countries: 1990 to 1993[In dollars. See headnote, table 1374. Private aid figures exclude government subsidies to voluntary agencies]

COUNTRY

OFFICIALDEVELOPMENTASSISTANCE

PRIVATEVOLUNTARY AID

1990 1992 1993 1990 1992 1993

Australia. . . . . . . 56 58 54 3 4 5Austria . . . . . . . . 51 71 68 4 10 9Belgium . . . . . . . 89 87 80 6 3 13Canada . . . . . . . 93 92 83 10 10 10Denmark . . . . . . 228 270 258 6 9 9Finland . . . . . . . 170 127 70 7 2 1France. . . . . . . . 127 144 137 3 5 3Germany 1 . . . . . 100 94 86 12 11 10Ireland . . . . . . . . 16 20 23 7 8 7Italy. . . . . . . . . . 59 71 52 (NA) 2 1Japan . . . . . . . . 73 90 90 1 2 1

COUNTRY

OFFICIALDEVELOPMENTASSISTANCE

PRIVATEVOLUNTARY AID

1990 1992 1993 1990 1992 1993

Luxembourg . . . . (NA) 98 129 (NA) 10 13Netherlands . . . . 170 181 165 16 17 18New Zealand . . . 28 28 28 4 3 4Norway . . . . . . . 284 296 234 31 30 30Portugal . . . . . . . 14 30 25 (NA) (Z) (NA)Spain . . . . . . . . 25 39 30 2 2 2Sweden . . . . . . . 235 283 203 16 15 15Switzerland. . . . . 111 165 115 17 24 21United Kingdom. . 46 56 50 6 8 8United States. . . 45 46 38 10 11 10

NA Not available. Z Less than 50 cents. 1 Former West Germany.

Source of tables 1374 and 1375: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, unpublished data.

Aid to Developing Countries 857

No. 1376. Military Expenditures, by Country: 1980 to 1993

[In millions of dollars, except as indicated. See also table 548. For most countries, data for expenditures and for GNP were basedon local currencies which were deflated to constant 1993 local currency values before conversion to U.S. dollar equivalents. In gen-eral, the rates used for conversion are the 1993 average par/market exchange rates as supplied by the International Bank for Recon-struction and Development]

COUNTRY

CURRENT DOLLARS CONSTANT (1993) DOLLARS

1980 1990 1992 1993 1990 1992

1993

TotalPercapita(dollars)

Percent ofGNP

United States . . . . . . 144,000 306,200 305,100 297,600 333,900 311,800 297,600 1,153 5

Algeria 1. . . . . . . . . . 940 845 910 1,360 922 930 1,360 50 3Argentina . . . . . . . . . 1,559 3,386 4,447 4,251 3,692 4,544 4,251 127 2Australia. . . . . . . . . . 3,226 5,489 6,616 7,441 5,986 6,760 7,441 417 3Austria . . . . . . . . . . . 820 1,704 1,702 1,730 1,858 1,739 1,730 219 1Belgium . . . . . . . . . . 2,951 4,492 3,863 3,746 4,899 3,947 3,746 373 2Brazil. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,899 8,084 5,653 5,852 8,816 5,776 5,852 37 1Bulgaria 1 . . . . . . . . . 3,993 3,887 935 1,010 4,239 955 1,010 114 3Canada . . . . . . . . . . 5,176 9,990 10,020 10,300 10,890 10,240 10,300 371 2Chile 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 449 1999 992 1,002 11,090 1,013 1,002 73 2China . . . . . . . . . . . 16,370 49,620 53,700 56,170 54,110 54,870 56,170 48 3Cuba 2. . . . . . . . . . . 1,140 1,400 500 426 1,527 511 426 39 2Czech Republic . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 2,040 (NA) (NA) 2,040 196 3Denmark . . . . . . . . . 1,454 2,464 2,629 2,682 2,687 2,686 2,682 518 2Egypt 1 . . . . . . . . . . 2,923 1,541 1,578 1,670 1,680 1,612 1,670 28 4El Salvador 1 . . . . . . 120 197 120 100 215 122 100 18 1Finland . . . . . . . . . . 909 1,376 1,758 1,710 1,500 1,796 1,710 339 2France. . . . . . . . . . . 21,230 40,490 42,230 42,590 44,150 43,150 42,590 740 3Germany 3 . . . . . . . . 22,400 139,370 39,890 36,650 142,930 40,760 36,650 454 2

Greece . . . . . . . . . . 1,779 3,776 4,071 4,070 4,118 4,159 4,070 389 6Hungary 1. . . . . . . . . 2,832 1,277 1,387 1,261 1,393 1,417 1,261 122 2India . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,608 6,398 7,500 8,471 6,977 7,663 8,471 9 3Indonesia . . . . . . . . . 1,093 1,657 1,833 2,031 1,807 1,872 2,031 10 2Iran 1. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,624 6,308 3,853 4,857 6,878 3,937 4,857 78 4Iraq 1. . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 11,340 (NA) (NA) 12,370 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,654 6,562 6,493 6,290 7,155 6,634 6,290 1,279 9Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,110 19,110 19,950 20,570 20,840 20,380 20,570 354 2Japan . . . . . . . . . . . 12,330 35,880 40,450 41,730 39,130 41,330 41,730 335 1Korea, North 1. . . . . . 4,380 5,940 5,500 (NA) 6,477 5,620 (NA) (NA) 23Korea, South . . . . . . 3,821 10,390 11,390 11,930 11,330 11,640 11,930 267 4

Kuwait . . . . . . . . . . . 892 113,020 18,780 3,545 114,200 19,190 3,545 2,088 13Malaysia . . . . . . . . . 664 1,189 2,403 2,642 1,297 2,456 2,642 140 4Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . 456 11,329 1,629 1,656 1,450 1,664 1,656 18 1Morocco 1 . . . . . . . . 763 1,251 1,514 1,193 1,364 1,547 1,193 43 5Netherlands . . . . . . . 4,048 6,917 7,206 7,055 7,543 7,363 7,055 462 2Nicaragua 1 . . . . . . . 53 (NA) 42 37 (NA) 43 37 9 3Nigeria. . . . . . . . . . . 447 214 189 210 233 193 210 2 1Norway . . . . . . . . . . 1,320 2,837 3,335 3,232 3,094 3,407 3,232 752 3Oman . . . . . . . . . . . 1,059 1,707 1,767 1,638 1,861 1,806 1,638 997 22Pakistan. . . . . . . . . . 777 2,716 2,867 3,111 2,962 2,929 3,111 25 6Peru 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 1,457 664 675 696 724 689 696 30 2Philippines . . . . . . . . 501 1,058 1,012 1,200 1,153 1,034 1,200 17 2Poland 1. . . . . . . . . . 9,644 8,752 4,152 4,334 9,544 4,242 4,334 113 2Portugal . . . . . . . . . . 858 2,099 2,214 2,192 2,289 2,262 2,192 209 3

Romania 1 . . . . . . . . 4,587 3,869 2,824 1,676 4,219 2,885 1,676 72 3Russia . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 142,300 113,800 (NA) 145,400 113,800 762 15Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . 14,990 122,870 34,550 20,480 124,930 35,310 20,480 1,163 16Singapore . . . . . . . . 533 1,766 2,543 2,700 1,926 2,599 2,700 955 5Slovakia. . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 843 (NA) (NA) 843 157 2Slovenia. . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 341 195 (NA) 348 195 99 1South Africa . . . . . . . 2,563 14,446 3,236 2,896 14,848 3,306 2,896 68 3Spain . . . . . . . . . . . 4,560 7,924 7,458 8,289 8,641 7,621 8,289 211 2Sweden . . . . . . . . . . 3,257 4,661 4,708 5,011 5,083 4,810 5,011 574 3Switzerland. . . . . . . . 2,461 4,674 4,224 4,061 5,097 4,316 4,061 581 2Syria 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . 1,936 4,435 (NA) (NA) 4,836 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)Taiwan. . . . . . . . . . . 3,222 9,052 10,450 10,420 19,870 10,680 10,420 494 5Thailand. . . . . . . . . . 1,011 2,197 2,907 3,511 2,396 2,971 3,511 60 3Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . 1,635 4,866 6,094 7,075 5,306 6,227 7,075 116 6United Arab Emirates . 1,724 12,590 2,098 1,771 12,824 2,143 1,771 666 5United Kingdom. . . . . 22,080 35,240 34,680 34,020 38,420 35,430 34,020 587 4Venezuela . . . . . . . . 317 927 1,475 1,029 11,011 1,507 1,029 51 2

NA Not available. 1 Estimated. 2 Data probably omit a major share of total military expenditures, probably including mostarms acquisitions. 3 Prior to 1991, data for former West Germany.

Source: U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, annual.

Comparative International Statistics858

No. 1377. Armed Forces Personnel, by Country: 1980 to 1993

[Personnel data as of July. Armed Forces refer to active-duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces where thoseforces resemble regular units in their organization, equipment, training, or mission. Reserve forces are not included]

COUNTRYARMED FORCES PERSONNEL (1,000) ARMED FORCES PER 1,000 POPULATION

1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993

United States . . . . . . . . . . . 2,050 2,244 2,181 2,115 1,919 1,815 9.0 9.4 8.7 8.4 7.5 7.0

Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 170 126 126 139 139 5.4 7.7 5.0 4.8 5.2 5.1Argentina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 129 85 70 65 65 5.5 4.2 2.6 2.1 2.0 1.9Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 70 68 66 68 68 4.9 4.4 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 40 43 44 52 (NA) 5.3 5.3 5.6 5.6 6.6 (NA)Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 107 106 101 79 70 11.0 10.9 10.6 10.1 7.9 7.0

Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 496 295 295 296 296 3.7 3.6 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 189 129 107 99 52 21.2 21.2 14.4 12.0 11.2 5.9Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 83 87 86 82 76 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.7Chile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 124 95 90 92 92 10.5 10.3 7.2 6.8 6.8 6.7China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,650 4,100 3,500 3,200 3,160 3,031 4.7 3.9 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.6

Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 297 297 297 175 175 22.8 29.4 27.9 27.6 16.1 16.0Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 107 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 10.3Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 29 31 30 28 27 6.4 5.7 6.0 5.8 5.4 5.2Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 466 434 434 424 424 10.7 9.5 7.8 7.6 7.3 7.1El Salvador . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 48 55 60 49 49 3.4 10.0 10.4 11.1 8.9 8.7

Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 40 31 32 33 31 7.5 8.2 6.2 6.4 6.5 6.1France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575 563 550 542 522 506 10.7 10.2 9.7 9.5 9.1 8.8Germany 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490 495 2545 2457 442 398 8.0 8.1 8.6 5.7 5.5 4.9Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 201 201 205 208 213 19.3 20.2 19.9 20.0 20.1 20.3Honduras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 21 18 17 17 17 3.9 5.0 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.3

Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 117 94 87 78 (NA) 11.2 11.0 9.1 8.4 7.5 (NA)India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,104 1,260 1,262 1,265 1,265 1,265 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 278 283 278 283 271 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 345 440 465 528 528 7.8 7.5 7.7 7.9 8.7 8.5Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 788 1,390 475 407 407 32.5 50.2 75.4 26.5 22.0 21.2

Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 195 190 190 181 181 52.4 49.6 44.2 41.9 38.1 36.8Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 504 493 473 471 450 8.9 8.8 8.5 8.2 8.1 7.8Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 241 250 250 242 242 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9Korea, North . . . . . . . . . . . . 700 784 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 38.9 40.0 56.0 55.0 54.0 53.0Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . 600 600 650 750 750 750 15.7 14.7 15.0 17.2 17.0 16.8Kuwait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 16 7 10 12 12 8.8 9.3 3.3 11.9 8.7 7.1Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 2110 130 128 128 115 6.0 27.1 7.4 7.1 7.0 6.1

Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 140 175 175 175 175 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 165 195 195 195 195 5.7 7.1 7.5 7.3 7.1 7.0Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 103 104 104 90 86 7.6 7.1 7.0 6.9 5.9 5.6Nicaragua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 74 28 20 15 15 8.6 23.5 7.7 5.3 3.9 3.8Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 134 94 94 76 76 1.7 1.8 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.8

Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 36 51 41 42 42 8.7 8.7 12.0 9.6 9.8 9.8Oman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 25 32 29 35 35 15.2 20.2 21.6 18.9 22.0 21.3Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 483 550 565 580 580 5.5 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.6Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 128 125 123 112 112 8.7 6.5 5.7 5.5 4.9 4.8

Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 115 109 107 107 107 3.0 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 439 313 305 270 180 11.5 11.8 8.2 8.0 7.0 4.7Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 102 87 86 80 68 9.0 10.0 8.4 8.3 7.7 6.5Qatar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 27 11 11 8 8 26.0 220.3 24.4 23.5 16.5 16.0Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 237 126 201 172 167 9.5 10.4 5.4 8.7 7.4 7.2

Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 2,030 2,250 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 13.6 15.1Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 280 146 191 172 172 7.8 25.9 9.0 11.6 10.1 9.8Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 56 56 56 56 56 20.7 21.9 20.6 20.3 20.1 19.8Slovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 33 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 6.1Slovenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 15 12 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 7.6 6.1South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 95 85 80 72 72 2.3 2.7 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.7

Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 314 263 246 198 204 9.5 8.2 6.7 6.3 5.1 5.2Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 269 65 63 45 44 8.4 28.3 7.6 7.3 5.2 5.0Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 223 22 22 31 31 3.6 23.5 3.2 3.2 4.5 4.4Syria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 402 408 408 408 408 28.8 38.2 32.0 30.7 29.5 28.5Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 444 370 370 360 442 26.1 23.0 18.1 17.9 17.2 21.0Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 235 283 283 283 295 5.0 4.5 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.0

Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717 814 769 804 704 686 15.9 16.0 13.5 13.8 11.8 11.3United Arab Emirates. . . . . . . 44 44 66 66 55 55 44.0 28.0 29.3 27.6 21.8 20.7United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . 330 334 308 301 293 271 5.9 5.9 5.4 5.2 5.1 4.7Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 71 75 73 75 75 3.7 4.3 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.7Vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900 1,027 1,052 1,041 857 857 16.9 16.9 15.5 15.1 12.2 11.9

NA Not available. 1 Prior to 1991, data for former West Germany. 2 Estimated.

Source: U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, annual.

Armed Forces Personnel 859