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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 2, February-2015 ISSN 2229-5518
IJSER © 2015
http://www.ijser.org
Comparative Study of Analysis and Design of R.C. and Steel Structures
Prof. Prakarsh Sangave1, Mr. Nikhil Madur
2, Mr. Sagar Waghmare
3, Mr. Rakesh Shete
4, Mr. Vinayak Mankondi
5,
Mr. Vinayak Gundla6
Abstract— The use of steel structure in India as compared to other countries is less, as India is developing country. In cities like Delhi and
Mumbai, horizontal expansion is restricted therefore vertical growth of building becomes predominant. . Infill walls are probably the most
important non-structural element in the context of seismic design. They helps in resisting the lateral forces. Due to their significance in-
plane stiffness and strength, infill walls modify the anticipated seismic performance of a building. In the present work, three dimensional
models of steel & RCC structures are analyzed by using equivalent static method under the provision of IS 1893: (2002) with the help of
ETABS software. Where design and cost estimation is carried out using MS-Excel programming for all structures. Comparative study of
bare & infill frame of four models of (G+6) & (G+10) RC & steel structures is carried out which is situated in seismic zone five (v).Masonry
infill is modeled by Equivalent Diagonal Strut method.
Index Terms— Bare Frame, Base shear, cost ratio, Displacement, Infill frame, Inter -Storey drift, Strut.
—————————— ——————————
1 INTRODUCTION
teel industry is growing rapidly in almost all parts of the world. Time is most important parameter from the con-struction point of view and steel structure is built in a short
short period. Steel structures are more advantageous than that of RC structure, because they have better response during earthquake. In the present work, comparative study of bare and infill frame of RC & steel structure (G+6 & G+10) is in-cluded. The comparative study includes base shear, maximum point displacement, axial forces and bending moments in the columns, material consumption and cost comparisons of RCC & steel structure.
A steel building is a metal structure fabricated with steel for
the internal support and for exterior cladding, as opposed to
steel framed buildings which generally uses other materials
for floors, walls, and external envelope. Steel buildings are
used for a variety of purposes including storage, work spaces
and living accommodation.
2 STRUCTURAL DETAILS
A typical plan of building is selected for comparative study of RCC and steel structure having plan dimensions 22.5m X 12m as shown in Fig 1.
Foundation 1.5m below Depth G.L. Storey height 3m each Walls 0.15m thick all Slab depth 150mm thick
The beams and column location considered for comparisons of different analysis parameters is studied by grouping them. Group 1: Interior beams and columns. Group 2:Longer direction pheripheral beams & columns. Group 3: Corner columns.
2.1 Modeling with ETABS 3-D model is being prepared for the frame analysis of
building in ETABS. Following basic parameters are used for
the analysis and design of structures:
2.1.1 Material Properties
Unit weight of masonry 20 kN/m3
Unit weight of R.C.C 25 kN/m3
Unit weight of steel 78 kN/m3
Grade of concrete M25 for R.C.C and Steel
structure Grade of reinforcing steel Fe 415 HYSD bars
Grade of structural steel Fe 250
Modulus of Elasticity for
R.C.C 25 KN/m2
Modulus of Elasticity for
Steel 210 KN/m2
Dead load
Self-weight of struc-
tural elements
Live load 4 kN/m2
Floor finish load 1 kN/m2
2.1.2 Earthquake parameters:
Seismic Zone V (0.36)
Soil type Hard (Type 1)
Importance factor 1
Time period Program Calculated
Earthquake load in X & Y direction
Type of diaphragm Rigid
S
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 6, Issue 1, January-2015 ISSN 2229-5518
IJSER © 2015
http://www.ijser.org
Fig 1: Plan view of building Fig 2: Interior beams and columns (Group1)
Fig 3: Longer direction peripheral Fig 4: Corner columns (Group3)
Beams & Columns (Group 2)
Fig 5: 3D View of Building
R.C. and Steel model has been made. Different column and beam sizes were provided. The analysis and design is car-ried out for all structures, the result obtained are tabulated and graphically summarized below.
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 6, Issue 1, January-2015 ISSN 2229-5518
IJSER © 2015
http://www.ijser.org
3. COMPARISION OF BASE SHEAR AND DISPLACEMENT OF DIFFERENT MODEL:
3.1 Base Shear Comparisons:
Table 1 Base Shear Comparison of (G+ 6) Models
Base Shear RC Bare
Frame Steel Bare Frame
RC Frame with
masonry Infill
Steel Frame with
masonry Infill
In X-Direction 600.51kN 431.78 kN 735.29 kN 660.96 kN
In Y-Direction 567.85 kN 260.83 kN 574.04 kN 437.19 kN
Fig.6: Comparison of Base Shear of (G+ 6) Models
Table 2 Base Shear Comparison of (G+ 10) Models
Base Shear RC Bare
Frame Steel Bare Frame
RC Frame with
masonry Infill
Steel Frame with
masonry Infill
In X-Direction 719.42 kN 479.98 kN 858.67 kN 687.07 kN
In Y-Direction 656.67 kN 323.37 kN 744.57 kN 472.75 kN
Fig. 7: Comparison of Base Shear of (G+ 10) Models
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 6, Issue 1, January-2015 ISSN 2229-5518
IJSER © 2015
http://www.ijser.org
3.2 Max. Storey Displacement Comparisons:
Table 3: Maximum Storey Displacement Comparison of (G+ 6) Models
Displacement RC Bare
Frame
Bare Frame Steel Struc-
ture
RC frame with masonry
Infill
Steel frame with
masonry Infill
In X- Direction 36.6 mm
49.3 mm 31.2 mm
33.9 mm
In Y-Direction 49.68 mm
73.7 mm 35.65 mm
48.3 mm
. Fig. 8: Comparison of Maximum Storey Displacement of (G+ 6) Models
Table 4: Maximum Storey Displacement Comparison of (G+ 10) Models
Fig. 9: Comparison of Maximum Storey Displacement of (G+ 10) Models
Displacement RC Bare
Frame Steel Bare Frame
RC Frame with
masonry Infill
Steel Frame with
masonry Infill
In X- Direction 30.2 mm 34.1 mm 19.62 mm 22.1 mm
In Y-Direction 36.28 mm 56.4 mm 23.22 mm 32.5 mm
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 6, Issue 1, January-2015 ISSN 2229-5518
IJSER © 2015
http://www.ijser.org
4 Axial Forces, Bending Moment, Support Reaction, Storey Drift Comparisons:
. Fig. 10 Bending Moment in Columns of (G+6) Models
Fig.11: Bending Moment In Columns of (G+10) Models
. Fig. 12: Axial Forces In Columns of (G+6) Models
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 6, Issue 1, January-2015 ISSN 2229-5518
IJSER © 2015
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Fig. 13: Axial Forces In Columns of (G+10) Models
Fig. 14: Bending Moment In Beams of (G+6) Models
Fig. 15: Bending Moment In Beams of (G+10) Models
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 6, Issue 1, January-2015 ISSN 2229-5518
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. Fig.16:Shear Forces In Beams of (G+6) Models
Fig. 17: Shear Forces In Beams of (G+10) Models
Fig. 18: Support Reactions of (G+6) Models
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 6, Issue 1, January-2015 ISSN 2229-5518
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Fig. 19: Support Reactions of (G+10) Models
Fig. 20: Inter-Storey Drift of (G + 6) Models
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 6, Issue 1, January-2015 ISSN 2229-5518
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Fig. 21: Inter-Storey Drift of (G + 10) Models
5. COST COMPARISONS:
Table 3 Cost Comparison of Bare Frame (G+6) Models
RC Bare Frame
(1) Steel Bare Frame (2)
Cost ratio (2/1)
Material Quantity Unit Rate Cost Quantity Unit Rate Cost
Concrete (m3) 505.54 4000 2022160 283.52 4000 1134080
Reinforcement (tonne)
45.59 45000 2051550 7.86 45000 353700
Structural Steel (tonne)
----- ---- ----- 98.84 45000 4448700
Total Cost
40.73 lac.
59.36 lac. 1.45
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 6, Issue 1, January-2015 ISSN 2229-5518
IJSER © 2015
http://www.ijser.org
Table 4 Cost Comparison of Infill Frame (G+6) Models
Table 5 Cost Comparison of Bare Frame (G+10) Models
Table 6 Cost Comparison of Infill Frame (G+10) Models
RC Frame with masonry Infill (1)
Steel Frame with masonry
Infill (2)
Cost ratio (2/1)
Material Quantity Unit Rate Cost Quantity Unit Rate Cost
Concrete (m3) 479.44 4000 1917760 283.52 4000 1134080
Reinforcement (tonne)
36.96 45000 1663200 7.86 45000 353700
Structural Steel (tonne)
----- ---- ----- 94.72 45000 4262400
Total Cost ----- ----- 35.81 lac. ----- ----- 57.50 lac. 1.6
RC Bare Frame
(1) Steel Bare Frame
(2)
Cost ratio (2/1)
Material Quantity Unit Rate Cost Quantity Unit Rate Cost
Concrete (m3) 818.8 4000 3275200 445.53 4000 1782120
Reinforcement (tonne)
70.63 45000 3178350 12.35 45000 555750
Structural Steel (tonne)
----- ---- ----- 166.81 45000 7506450
Total Cost
64.53 lac.
98.44 lac. 1.52
RC Frame with masonry Infill (1)
Steel Frame with masonry
Infill (2)
Cost ratio (2/1)
Material Quantity Unit Rate Cost Quantity Unit Rate Cost
Concrete (m3) 788.32 4000 3153280 445.53 4000 1782120
Reinforcement (tonne)
68.98 45000 3104100 12.35 45000 555750
Structural Steel (tonne)
----- ---- ----- 170.29 45000 7663050
Total Cost
62.57 lac
1 cr. 1.6
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 6, Issue 1, January-2015 ISSN 2229-5518
IJSER © 2015
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6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1. In steel bare frame, base shear is decreased by 28% as
compared to RCC along X-direction and 54% along Y-
direction for (G+6) frame.
2. In steel frame with masonry infill, base shear is de-
creased by 10% as compared to RC along X-direction
and 23% along Y-direction for (G+6) frame.
3. In steel bare frame, base shear is decreased by 33% as
compared to RC along X-direction and 50% along Y-
direction for (G+10) frame.
4. In steel frame with masonry infill, base shear is de-
creased by 20% as compared to RC along X-direction
and 36% along Y-direction for (G+10) frame.
5. In steel bare frame maximum storey displacement is
increased by 13% as compared to RC along X-
direction and 55% along Y-direction for (G+6) frame.
6. In steel frame with masonry infill, maximum storey
displacement is increased by 12% as compared to RC
along X-direction and 40% along Y-direction for (G+6)
frame.
7. In steel bare frame, maximum storey displacement is
increased by 35% as compared to RC along X-
direction and 48% along Y-direction for (G+10) frame.
8. In steel frame with masonry infill, maximum storey
displacement is increased by 8% as compared to RC
along X-direction and 35% along Y-direction for
(G+10) frame.
9. Bending moment in beams and columns of steel
frames is less as compared to RC frames.
10. An axial force in steel frames is less than RC frames.
11. Shear force in beams of RC frames is more than steel
frames.
12. Support reactions in RC structures are increased by
23% as compared to steel structures due to less self-
weight.
13. Storey drifts of steel structures are comparatively
more than RC structures within permissible limit.
14. Cost of steel bare frame is increased by 31% as com-
pared to RC frame for (G+6) frame.
15. Cost of steel frame with masonry infill is increased by
37% as compared to RC frame for (G+6) frame.
16. Cost of steel bare frame is increased by 34% as com-
pared to RC frame for (G+10) frame.
17. Cost of steel frame with masonry infill is increased by
37% as compared to RC frame for (G+10) frame.
7. CONCLUSIONS 1. Base shear in steel structure is less than the RC struc-
tures because of less seismic weight which gives bet-
ter response during earthquake.
2. Maximum point displacement and storey drift of Steel
bare frame is more than RC bare frames.
3. Due to presence of infill in structure maximum point
displacement and storey drift reduces slightly.
4. Bending moment in beams and columns of RC struc-
tures is more as compared to steel structures except in
RC masonry infill structures at corner column.
5. Axial forces and support reactions in columns of RC
structures are more as compared to Steel structures.
6. Shear forces in beams of RC structures are more as
compared to Steel structures.
7. Cost ratio of steel and RC bare frame (G+6) is 1.45.
8. Cost ratio of steel and RC bare frame (G+10) is 1.52.
9. Cost ratio of both (G+6) and (G+10) structures of steel
and RC frame with masonry infill is 1.6.
REFERENCES
[1] Handbook on Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earth-
quake ) for Buildings and Structures ( IS : 875-1987), Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi, 1989. W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems.
Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth, pp. 123-135, 1993. (Book style)
[2] Handbook on Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures (IS
: 1893 (Part 1) – 2002), Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi,
1989.K. Elissa, “An Overview of Decision Theory," unpublished. (Un-
plublished manuscript)
[3] IS: 13920-1993- ductile detailing of reinforced of concrete structure subject-
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search Laboratories, Boulder, Colo., personal communication, 1992.
(Personal communication)
[4] IS: 456(2000), - Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plan and Reinforce-
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[5] D. R. Panchal and P. M. Marathe, “Comparative Study of R.C.C, Steel
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[9] Institute for steel development & growth, "B+G+40 Storied Residential
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[10] M. Nageh, “How To Model and Design High Rise Building Using ETABs
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• Prof. Sangave P. A. is Associate Professor in Nagesh Karajagi Orchid college of
Engineering, Solapur. India, E-mail: [email protected].
• Mr. Nikhil Madur is Under Graduate Student of Civil Engineering
Department, Nagesh Karajagi Orchid College of Engg. and Tech., Solapur,
Maharashtra, India, Email: [email protected] PH:8421532959.
•Mr. Sagar Waghmare Under Graduate Student of Civil Engineering Depart-
ment, Nagesh Karajagi Orchid College of Engg. and Tech., Solapur, Maharashtra,
India, Email: [email protected] PH:8793507044.
• Mr. Rakesh Shete is Under Graduate Student of Civil Engineering Department,
Nagesh Karajagi Orchid College of Engg. and Tech., Solapur, Maharashtra, India,
Email: [email protected] PH:8485819064.
•Mr. Vinayak Mankondi Under Graduate Student of Civil Engineering Depart-
ment, Nagesh Karajagi Orchid College of Engg. and Tech., Solapur, Maharashtra,
India, Email: [email protected] PH:9730735332.
• Mr. Vinayak Gundla is Under Graduate Student of Civil Engineering Depart-
ment, Nagesh Karajagi Orchid College of Engg. and Tech., Solapur, Maharashtra,
India, Email: [email protected] PH:9890571845.
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