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Supplemental information
Figure S1. Article inclusion process following the PRISMA guidelines (Moher et al. 2009).
Records identified through
database searching
(n = 841)
Screening
Included
Eligibility
Identification Additional records identified
through other sources
(n = 0)
Records after duplicates removed
(n =547)
Records screened
(n =547)
Records excluded (n = 251)
Publications written in languages
other than English, publications on
animal agriculture, publications that
are not primarily about agricultural
biotechnology (e.g. traditional
breeding)
Full‐text articles assessed
for eligibility
(n =296)
Full‐text articles excluded, with
reasons (n = 61)
Publications that did not discuss
barriers and/or benefits related to
biotechnology
Studies included in
qualitative synthesis
(n = 235)
Studies included in
quantitative synthesis
(n = 235)
29
Table S1. List of specific barriers by category in descending order. The percentage next to each specific barrier (e.g. overall high cost of technology) is the percentage of agriculture or forestry articles that cited that specific barrier. The percentage next to each barrier category (e.g. economic category) is the percentage of the total number of cited barriers within each sector (agriculture or forestry). Publications may have mentioned one or multiple barriers. 10 publications did not mention any barriers in agriculture and 13 in forestry.
Barrier Agriculture (%) Forestry (%)
Economic 16 15
Overall high cost of technology 7 23
Lack of funds or investments 8 14
Uncertainty about profitability 6 14
Technology not affordable to farmers/foresters 6 2
Delays in benefitting from investments 0 8
Lack of well-developed markets 1 5
Dependence on international cooperation 3 1
Cross-contamination leading to a reduced market value 3 0
Farmers' dependence on external seed sources 2 0
Trade barriers 1 0
Limited involvement of the private sector 1 0
Regulatory and legal mechanisms 15 24
Lack of regulatory flexibility 7 29
Inadequate or lack of policy tools and regulations 5 14
Burdensome and lengthy regulatory mechanisms 12 5
Exclusion from certification regimes 0 15
Delays in legislation 3 4
Burdensome labelling regulations 4 0
Public opposition
16
15
Public’s skepticism 11 21
Anti-GMO campaigns by environmental and grassroots groups 11 13
Distrust of corporate agriculture/forestry 2 1
Spiritual and religious opposition 1 1
30
Formation of informal anti-GMO coalitions 1 0
Processors and retailers’ active resistance 1 0
Producers' active resistance 1 0
Fear of neo-colonialism 1 0
Consumers' active resistance 1 0
Lack of knowledge 10 15
Limited knowledge and technical training 7 31
Public misinformation and lack of awareness 5 4
Role of non-mainstream media 5 1
No extensive input from farmers/foresters when testing technology 3 1
Lack of coordination 1 2
Difficulties in monitoring potential negative effects 1 1
Intellectual property 13 5
Concentration of ownership of intellectual property 13 6
Increase in size of companies in the private sector 3 6
Harder for smaller companies to have access to intellectual property 4 1
Limited protection of intellectual property 3 0
Highly centralized genomic-based breeding system 1 0
Perceived risks
23
22
Perceived ecological risks 16 35
Perceived health risks (e.g. allergies) 13 1
Perceived economic risks 6 14
Risks not properly tested 5 8
Cultural risks 1 0
Governance processes 4 3
Property rights uncertainty 2 4
Lack of political leadership 2 1
Lack of democratic and transparent processes in the development of biotechnology policy
2 1
31
Table S2. List of specific, discrete recommendations to address different barrier types. The percentage next to each specific recommendation (e.g. increase monitoring efforts) is the percentage of agriculture or forestry articles that cited that specific recommendation. The percentage next to each recommendation category (e.g. economic category) is the percentage of that category within the total number of cited recommendations within each sector (agriculture or forestry). Publications may have mentioned one or multiple recommendations. 38 publications did not provide with any recommendations in agriculture, and 12 in forestry.
Recommendation Agriculture (%) Forestry (%)
Lack of knowledge 26 37
Increase monitoring efforts 9 18
Better coordination of diverse skill sets and expertise 3 19
Improved training in agricultural/forest sciences 5 12
Increase public education to raise awareness and debunk myths about biotechnology
7 6
Develop more cost-benefit analyses 1 12
Consolidate data on GMO technology 1 7
Field testing of GMOs/GMTs 0 6
Provide farmers/forest managers with information and training on the new technologies
3 1
Early and ongoing evaluation of new technologies 1 2
Implement participative farmer/forester training 3 0
Increase the production of skilled scientists by strengthening public research universities
2 1
Institutional framework that does not encourage collaboration 1 2
Presence of green parties in government 1 0
Ethical 3 2
Lack of ethical guidelines 3 2
Dispute over values 3 1
Threatened dignity of living creatures 1 0
32
Governance processes 24 24
Develop new kinds of public-private partnerships 10 10
Develop flexible and adaptive regulatory approaches 3 10
Incorporate public input into the development of biotechnology 3 7
Create an avenue for dialogue between different stakeholders 2 7
Strive for governance transparency and good communication with the public and the regulatory authorities
2 8
Implement participatory crop/tree breeding programs 2 4
Have an efficient regulatory system to avoid delays 3 2
Develop a clear regulatory vision and strategy at the national level 1 2
Use brokers as intermediary agents to promote biotechnology 1 0
Organize consensus conferences 1 0
Provide support for crop/tree breeding cooperatives 0 1
Economic 17 8
Increase public funding for the technology 5 11
Increase investment in biotechnology research 7 5
Provide financial assistance to start up farmers/foresters when introducing the technology
3 0
Expand markets for GMOs/GMTs 1 2
Keep biotechnology within financial reach of farmers/foresters 1 0
Greater financial support for small seed companies 1 0
Develop compensation funds for developing nations 1 0
Regulatory and legal mechanisms 16 11
Modify institutions to accommodate new technology 5 8
Certify the product, not the process 1 5
Strengthen institutional capacity 3 1
Modify seed zones 0 4
Empower consumers by labelling and providing unbiased information 2 0
Maintain a strong and functional biosafety regulatory structure 1 1
Put forth regulations that ensure the coexistence of GM and conventional crops/trees
1 1
Develop a certification scheme 1 1
Harmonize regulations 1 1
33
Link regulations to risk and not technology category 1 1
Explicitly assign property rights to GMO farmers/forest owners 1 0
Apply rules based on Islam 1 0
Decrease reliance on industrial agriculture in over-developed countries 1 0
Implement policies that promote competitive markets but that are also equitable
1 0
Do not oblige farmers to buy seed every year 1 0
Remove regulations based on the precautionary approach 1 0
Implement a registry of genetically modified organisms 0 1
Broaden the definition of biotechnology in legal documents 0 1
Public opposition 5 6
Increase public education to reduce public opposition 5 8
Intellectual property 4 1
Rely on public funding and public interest intellectual property policies 3 1
Open-source breeding 1 1
Establish boundaries between plant breeder’s and patent rights applied to biotechnology
1 0
Moderate patenting to make technology more accessible 1 0
Perceived risks 8 12
Conduct risk assessment studies 8 26
Increase public education to address perceived risks 2 2
Ethical 1 1
Produce more specific virtue ethics 1 1
678
679
34
680
Table S3. List of publications included in our sample in alphabetical order by first author (n = 235)1. 681
FORESTRY
Authors Title Source Title Publication Year
Volume Issue Beginning Page
Ending Page
Ahuja, M. Raj Fate of transgenes in the forest tree genome TREE GENETICS & GENOMES
2011 7 2 221 230
Aitken, Sally N.; Bemmels, Jordan B.
Time to get moving: assisted gene flow of forest trees EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
2016 9 1 271 290
Alfaro, Rene I.; Fady, Bruno; Vendramin, Giovanni Giuseppe;
Dawson, Ian K.; Fleming, Richard A.; Saenz‐Romero,
Cuauhtemoc; Lindig‐Cisneros, Roberto A.;
Murdock, Trevor; Vinceti, Barbara; Navarro, Carlos Manuel; Skroppa, Tore; Baldinelli, Giulia; El‐
Kassaby, Yousry A.; Loo, Judy
The role of forest genetic resources in responding to biotic and abiotic factors in the context of
anthropogenic climate change
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
2014 333 ‐ 76 87
Altman, A From plant tissue culture to biotechnology: Scientific revolutions, abiotic stress tolerance, and forestry
IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY‐PLANT
2003 39 2 75 84
Aubin, I.; Garbe, C. M.; Colombo, S.; Drever, C. R.; McKenney, D. W.; Messier, C.; Pedlar, J.; Saner, M. A.; Venier, L.; Wellstead, A.
M.; Winder, R.; Witten, E.; Ste‐Marie, C.
Why we disagree about assisted migration: Ethical implications of a key debate regarding the future of
Canada's forests
FORESTRY CHRONICLE 2011 87 6 755 765
Ault, Kori; Viswanath, Venkatesh; Jayawickrama,
Judith; Ma, Cathleen; Eaton, Jake; Meilan, Rick;
Beauchamp, Grant; Hohenschuh, William;
Improved growth and weed control of glyphosate‐tolerant poplars
NEW FORESTS 2016 47 5 653 667
1 A complete list of codes associated with specific articles is available at the request of the authors.
35
Murthy, Ganti; Strauss, Steven H.
Bettinger, P.; Clutter, M.; Siry, J.; Kane, M.; Pait, J.
Broad implications of southern United States pine clonal forestry on planning and management of forests
INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY REVIEW
2009 11 3 331 345
Braeutigam, Katharina; Vining, Kelly J.; Lafon‐
Placette, Clement; Fossdal, Carl G.; Mirouze, Marie; Gutierrez Marcos, Jose; Fluch, Silvia; Fernandez Fraga, Mario; Angeles Guevara, M.; Abarca,
Dolores; Johnsen, Oystein; Maury, Stephane; Strauss,
Steven H.; Campbell, Malcolm M.; Rohde, Antje; Diaz‐Sala, Carmen; Cervera,
Maria‐Teresa
Epigenetic regulation of adaptive responses of forest tree species to the environment
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
2013 3 2 399 415
Brunner, Amy M.; Li, Jingyi; DiFazio, Stephen P.; Shevchenko, Olga;
Montgomery, Brooke E.; Mohamed, Rozi; Wei, Hao; Ma, Cathleen; Elias, Ani Anna; VanWormer,
Katherine; Strauss, Steven H.
Genetic containment of forest plantations TREE GENETICS & GENOMES
2007 3 2 75 100
Burdon, R. D.; Carson, M. J.; Shelbourne, C. J. A.
Achievements in forest tree genetic improvement in Australia and New Zealand 10: Pinus radiata in New
Zealand
AUSTRALIAN FORESTRY 2008 71 4 263 279
Bussotti, Filippo; Pollastrini, Martina;
Holland, Vera; Brueggemann, Wolfgang
Functional traits and adaptive capacity of European forests to climate change
ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
2015 111
91 113
Byram, TD; Mullin, TJ; White, TL; van Buijtenen, JP
The future of tree improvement in the southeastern United States: Alternative visions for the next decade
SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY
2005 29 2 88 95
Cauley, H Genetic engineering: FSC says risks are still too great JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 2001 99 12 8 9
Chakraborty, Debojyoti; Wang, Tongli; Andre,
Konrad; Konnert, Monika; Lexer, Manfred J.; Matulla, Christoph; Weissenbacher, Lambert; Schueler, Silvio
Adapting Douglas‐fir forestry in Central Europe: evaluation, application, and uncertainty analysis of a
genetically based model
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH
2016 135 5 919 936
36
Charest, PJ Biotechnology in forestry: Examples from the Canadian Forest Service
FORESTRY CHRONICLE 1996 72 1 37 42
da Silva, Jaime A. Teixeira; Kher, Mafatlal M.; Soner,
Deepak; Page, Tony; Zhang, Xinhua; Nataraj, M.; Ma,
Guohua
Sandalwood: basic biology, tissue culture, and genetic transformation
PLANTA 2016 243 4 847 887
Dale, Glenn; Dieters, Mark Economic returns from environmental problems: Breeding salt‐ and drought‐tolerant eucalypts for salinity
abatement and commercial forestry
ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
2007 31 3 175 182
Daru, Barnabas H.; Berger, Dave K.; van Wyk, Abraham
E.
Opportunities for unlocking the potential of genomics for African trees
NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016 210 3 772 778
Das, GG; Alavalapati, JRR Trade‐mediated biotechnology transfer and its effective absorption: an application to the US forestry sector
TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE
2003 70 6 545 562
Duchesne, LC; Wetzel, S The bioeconomy and the forestry sector: Changing markets and new opportunities
FORESTRY CHRONICLE 2003 79 5 860 864
Fady, Bruno; Cottrell, Joan; Ackzell, Lennart; Alia,
Ricardo; Muys, Bart; Prada, Arantxa; Gonzalez‐
Martinez, Santiago C.
Forests and global change: what can genetics contribute to the major forest management and policy challenges
of the twenty‐first century?
REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL
CHANGE
2016 16 4 927 939
Fenning, TM; Gershenzon, J Where will the wood come from? Plantation forests and the role of biotechnology
TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
2002 20 7 291 296
Finstad, Kirsten; Bonfils, Anne‐Christine; Shearer, Wendy; Macdonald, Phil
Trees with novel traits in Canada: regulations and related scientific issues
TREE GENETICS & GENOMES
2007 3 2 135 139
Fontaine, Lysiane Chagnon; Larson, Brendon M. H.
The right tree at the right place? Exploring urban foresters' perceptions of assisted migration
URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING
2016 18 ‐ 221 227
GASTON, C; GLOBERMAN, S; VERTINSKY, I
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN FORESTRY ‐ TECHNOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES
TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE
1995 50 1 79 92
Gray, Laura K.; Rweyongeza, Deogratias; Hamann, Andreas; John, Sally; Thomas, Barb R.
Developing management strategies for tree improvement programs under climate change: Insights gained from long‐term field trials with lodgepole pine
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
2016 377 ‐ 128 138
Haggman, Hely; Raybould, Alan; Borem, Aluizio; Fox, Thomas; Handley, Levis; Hertzberg, Magnus; Lu, Meng‐Zu; Macdonald, Philip; Oguchi, Taichi; Pasquali, Giancarlo;
Genetically engineered trees for plantation forests: key considerations for environmental risk assessment
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
2013 11 7 785 798
37
Pearson, Les; Peter, Gary; Quemada, Hector; Seguin, Armand; Tattersall, Kylie; Ulian, Eugenio; Walter,
Christian; McLean, Morven
Hajjar, Reem; Kozak, Robert A.
Exploring public perceptions of forest adaptation strategies in Western Canada: Implications for policy‐
makers
FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS
2015 61 ‐ 59 69
Hall, JP Science and technology networks in the Canadian Forest Service
FORESTRY CHRONICLE 1997 73 2 217 220
Harfouche, Antoine; Meilan, Richard; Altman,
Arie
Tree genetic engineering and applications to sustainable forestry and biomass production
TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
2011 29 1 9 17
Harwood, Christopher E.; Hardiyanto, Eko B.; Yong,
Wong Ching
Genetic improvement of tropical acacias: achievements and challenges
SOUTHERN FORESTS 2015 77 1 11 18
Hazubska‐Przybyl, Teresa; Bojarczuk, Krystyna
Tree somatic embryogenesis in science and forestry DENDROBIOLOGY 2016 76 ‐ 105 116
Hernandez‐Cuevas, C; Valenzuela, PDT
Strategies to capture biotechnology opportunities in Chile
ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
2004 7 2 189 205
Hinchee, Maud; Rottmann, William; Mullinax, Lauren; Zhang, Chunsheng; Chang,
Shujun; Cunningham, Michael; Pearson, Les;
Nehra, Narender
Short‐Rotation Woody Crops for Bioenergy and Biofuels Applications
BIOFUELS: GLOBAL IMPACT ON RENEWABLE ENERGY, PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE, AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
2011 ‐ ‐ 139 156
Hinchee, Maud; Rottmann, William; Mullinax, Lauren; Zhang, Chunsheng; Chang,
Shujun; Cunningham, Michael; Pearson, Leslie;
Nehra, Narender
Short‐rotation woody crops for bioenergy and biofuels applications
IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY‐PLANT
2009 45 6 619 629
Isik, Fikret; Kumar, Satish; Martinez‐Garcia, Pedro J.;
Iwata, Hiroyoshi; Yamamoto, Toshiya
Acceleration of Forest and Fruit Tree Domestication by Genomic Selection
LAND PLANTS ‐ TREES 2015 74
93 124
Jacobs, Douglass F. Toward development of silvical strategies for forest restoration of American chestnut (Castanea dentata)
using blight‐resistant hybrids
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
2007 137 4 497 506
Klenk, Nicole L.; Larson, Brendon M. H.
The assisted migration of western larch in British Columbia: A signal of institutional change in forestry in
Canada?
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL
CHANGE‐HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS
2015 31 ‐ 20 27
38
Kremer, Antoine; Vinceti, Barbara; Alia, Ricardo;
Burczyk, Jaroslav; Cavers, Stephen; Degen, Bernd; Finkeldey, Reiner; Fluch, Silvia; Goemoery, Dusan; Gugerli, Felix; Koelewijn, Hans Peter; Koskela,
Jarkko; Lefevre, Francois; Morgante, Michele;
Mueller‐Starck, Gerhard; Plomion, Christophe;
Taylor, Gail; Turok, Jozef; Savolainen, Outi; Ziegenhagen, Birgit
Forest ecosystem genomics and adaptation: EVOLTREE conference report
TREE GENETICS & GENOMES
2011 7 4 869 875
Laestadius, S Biotechnology and the potential for a radical shift of technology in forest industry
TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS & STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
2000 12 2 193 212
Lelu‐Walter, Marie‐Anne; Thompson, David;
Harvengt, Luc; Sanchez, Leopoldo; Toribio,
Mariano; Paques, Luc E.
Somatic embryogenesis in forestry with a focus on Europe: state‐of‐the‐art, benefits, challenges and future
direction
TREE GENETICS & GENOMES
2013 9 4 883 899
Libby, WJ; Bridgwater, F; Lantz, C; White, T
Genetic diversity in commercial forest tree plantations: Introductory comments to the 1994 SRIEG meeting
papers
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH‐
REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE
1997 27 3 397 400
Lu, Haiwei; Klocko, Amy L.; Dow, Michael; Ma,
Cathleen; Amarasinghe, Vindhya; Strauss, Steven H.
Low frequency of zinc‐finger nuclease‐induced mutagenesis in Populus
MOLECULAR BREEDING 2016 36 9 ‐ ‐
Mathews, JH; Campbell, MM
The advantages and disadvantages of the application of genetic engineering to forest trees: a discussion
FORESTRY 2000 73 4 371 380
Mullin, TJ; Bertrand, S Environmental release of transgenic trees in Canada ‐ potential benefits and assessment of biosafety
FORESTRY CHRONICLE 1998 74 2 203 219
Nehra, NS; Becwar, MR; Rottmann, WH; Pearson, L; Chowdhury, K; Chang, SJ; Wilde, HD; Kodrzycki, RJ; Zhang, CS; Gause, KC;
Parks, DW; Hinchee, MA
Forest biotechnology: Innovative methods, emerging opportunities
IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY‐PLANT
2005 41 6 701 717
Nelson, C. D.; Powell, W. A.; Maynard, C. A.; Baier, K. M.; Newhouse, A.; Merkle,
The Forest Health Initiative, American Chestnut (Castanea dentata) as a Model for Forest Tree Restoration: Biological Research Program
V INTERNATIONAL CHESTNUT SYMPOSIUM
2014 1019 ‐ 179 189
39
S. A.; Nairn, C. J.; Kong, L.; Carlson, J. E.; Addo‐Quaye, C.; Staton, M. E.; Hebard, F. V.; Georgi, L. L.; Abbott, A.
G.; Olukolu, B. A.; Zhebentyayeva, T.
Nonic, Marina; Radojevic, Uros; Milovanovic, Jelena; Perovic, Marko; Sijacic‐
Nikolic, Mirjana
Comparative analysis of students' attitudes toward implementation of genetically modified trees in Serbia
IFOREST‐BIOGEOSCIENCES AND
FORESTRY
2015 8 ‐ ‐ ‐
Nonic, Marina; Vettori, Cristina; Boscaleri, Fabio;
Milovanovic, Jelena; Sijacic‐Nikolic, Mirjana
GENETICALLY MODIFIED TREES ‐ STATE AND PERSPECTIVES
GENETIKA‐BELGRADE 2012 44 2 429 440
Ofori, D. A.; Cobbinah, J. R. Integrated approach for conservation and management of genetic resources of Milicia species in West Africa
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
2007 238 1‐3 1 6
Park, Andrew; Talbot, Carolyn
Assisted migration: uncertainty, risk and opportunity FORESTRY CHRONICLE 2012 88 4 412 419
Pedlar, John H.; McKenney, Daniel W.; Aubin, Isabelle;
Beardmore, Tannis; Beaulieu, Jean; Iverson, Louis; O'Neill, Gregory A.; Winder, Richard S.; Ste‐
Marie, Catherine
Placing Forestry in the Assisted Migration Debate BIOSCIENCE 2012 62 9 835 842
Petrinovic, Juan Fernando; Gelinas, Nancy; Beaulieu,
Jean
Benefits of using genetically improved white spruce in Quebec: The forest landowner's viewpoint
FORESTRY CHRONICLE 2009 85 4 571 582
Pijut, Paula M.; Woeste, Keith E.; Veugadesan, G.;
Michler, Charles H.
Technological advances in temperate hardwood tree improvement including breeding and molecular marker
applications
IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY‐PLANT
2007 43 4 283 303
Plomion, Christophe; Bastien, Catherine; Bogeat‐Triboulot, Marie‐Beatrice; Bouffier, Laurent; Dejardin,
Annabelle; Duplessis, Sebastien; Fady, Bruno; Heuertz, Myriam; Le Gac, Anne‐Laure; Le Provost, Gregoire; Legue, Valerie; Lelu‐Walter, Marie‐Anne; Leple, Jean‐Charles; Maury,
Stephane; Morel, Alexandre; Oddou‐
Forest tree genomics: 10 achievements from the past 10 years and future prospects
ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE
2016 73 1
77 103
40
Muratorio, Sylvie; Pilate, Gilles; Sanchez, Leopoldo;
Scotti, Ivan; Scotti‐Saintagne, Caroline;
Segura, Vincent; Trontin, Jean‐Francois; Vacher,
Corinne
Porth, Ilga; Bull, Gary; Ahmed, Suborna; El‐Kassaby, Yousry A.; Boyland, Mark
Forest genomics research and development in Canada: Priorities for developing an economic framework
FORESTRY CHRONICLE 2015 91 1 60 U104
Porth, Ilga; El‐Kassaby, Yousry A.
Using Populus as a lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol
BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
2015 10 4 510 U214
Potter, Simon; Loffler, Steve
Applying biotechnology to design tree composition for value‐added products: a mini‐review
AUSTRALIAN FORESTRY 2010 73 3 191 197
Pritchard, Hugh W.; Moat, Justin F.; Ferraz, Joao B. S.;
Marks, Timothy R.; Camargo, Jose Luis C.; Nadarajan, Jayanthi; Ferraz, Isolde D. K.
Innovative approaches to the preservation of forest trees
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
2014 333 ‐ 88 98
Prudham, S Taming trees: Capital, science, and nature in Pacific slope tree improvement
ANNALS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF
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2003 93 3 636 656
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TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE
2006 73 6 705 730
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FORESTRY CHRONICLE 1989 65 3 185 189
Sansilvestri, Roxane; Frascaria‐Lacoste, Nathalie; Fernandez‐Manjarres, Juan
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Sansilvestri, Roxane; Frascaria‐Lacoste, Nathalie; Fernandez‐Manjarres, Juan
F.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY
2015 51 ‐ 192 201
Schirone, Bartolomeo; Radoglou, Kalliopi; Vessella, Federico
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CLIMATE RESEARCH 2017 71 2 171 185
Sederoff, Ronald Regulatory science in forest biotechnology TREE GENETICS & GENOMES
2007 3 2 71 74
41
Seppala, Risto The future of forest research in a changing world JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH
2004 9 4 313 316
Sork, V. L.; Aitken, S. N.; Dyer, R. J.; Eckert, A. J.; Legendre, P.; Neale, D. B.
Putting the landscape into the genomics of trees: approaches for understanding local adaptation and
population responses to changing climate
TREE GENETICS & GENOMES
2013 9 4 901 911
Stanturf, John A.; Palik, Brian J.; Williams, Mary I.; Dumroese, R. Kasten;
Madsen, Palle
Forest Restoration Paradigms JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY
2014 33 ‐ S161 S194
Steenkamp, Emma T.; Wingfield, Michael J.
Global forest research, science education and community service positively impacted by a unique Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology
SOUTHERN FORESTS 2013 75 2 71 80
Stelzer, HE; Goldfarb, B Implementing clonal forestry in the southeastern United States: SRIEG satellite workshop summary remarks
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH‐
REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE
1997 27 3 442 446
Strauss, SH; DiFazio, SP; Meilan, R
Genetically modified poplars in context FORESTRY CHRONICLE 2001 77 2 271 279
Strauss, Steve H.; Schmitt, Mikaela; Sedio, Roger
Forest Scientist Views of Regulatory Obstacles to Research and Development of Transgenic Forest
Biotechnology
JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 2009 107 7 350 357
Strauss, Steven H.; Costanza, Adam; Seguin,
Armand
Genetically engineered trees: Paralysis from good intentions Forest crises demand regulation and
certification reform
SCIENCE 2015 349 6250 794 795
Suzuki, Shiro; Suzuki, Hideyuki
Recent advances in forest tree biotechnology PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014 31 1 1 9
Tang, W; Newton, RJ Genetic transformation of conifers and its application in forest biotechnology
PLANT CELL REPORTS 2003 22 1 1 15
Valenzuela, Sofia; Balocchi, Claudio; Rodriguez, Jaime
Transgenic trees and forestry biosafety ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
2006 9 3 335 339
Viswanath, Venkatesh; Albrectsen, Benedicte R.;
Strauss, Steven H.
Global regulatory burden for field testing of genetically modified trees
TREE GENETICS & GENOMES
2012 8 2 221 226
Wagner, JE; Holmes, TP Estimating economic gains for landowners due to time‐dependent changes in biotechnology
FOREST SCIENCE 1999 45 2 163 170
Wegner, Theodore; Skog, Kenneth E.; Ince, Peter J.;
Michler, Charles J.
Uses and Desirable Properties of Wood in the 21st Century
JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 2010 108 4 165 173
Whetten, Ross W.; Kellison, Robert
Research Gap Analysis for Application of Biotechnology to Sustaining US Forests
JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 2010 108 4 193 201
Williams, C. G. Of forests and time in the culture of possession INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY REVIEW
2010 12 4 407 417
Williams, Mary I.; Dumroese, R. Kasten
Preparing for Climate Change: Forestry and Assisted Migration
JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 2013 111 4 287 297
42
Yang, Jing; Pedlar, John H.; McKenney, Daniel W.;
Weersink, Alfons
The development of universal response functions to facilitate climate‐smart regeneration of black spruce and
white pine in Ontario, Canada
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
2015 339 ‐ 34 43
AGRICULTURE
Authors Title Source Title Publication Year
Volume Issue Beginning Page
Ending Page
Abadi, Saeed Daryaee Bajhdad; Abadi,
Mohammad Hossain Ramazani Ghavam; Zamani,
Seyed Ghasem; Kiani, Mehrzad
Legal, Commercial, Medical, Ethical and Environmental Aspects of Granting Patents for Biotechnological
Innovations
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Table S4. Coding typology used to analyze articles.
Category Sub-category Publication year 1989-2017 Journal N/A Geographic focus Oceania
Asia Africa Europe Latin America and the Caribbean US/Canada Unspecified
Organism considered Examples: rice, potato, wheat, poplars, spruces, etc. Barrier category to adopting biotechnology
Regulatory/legal mechanisms (e.g. laws, guidelines) Public opposition Perceived risks Lack of knowledge Intellectual property Governance processes (e.g. how to regulate/govern biotechnology) Ethical Economic
Biotechnology application Genetic engineering/editing Genomics-based breeding
Specific barrier to adopting biotechnology
See Table 1
Overarching justification for adopting biotechnology (one per article)
Contribution to food security Sustainable development Increase in crop production efficiency/forest productivity Adaptation of crops/trees to climate change Improvement of farmers’ livelihoods
54
Increase in competitiveness of agriculture/forestry industries Contribution to industrialization of developing countries Conservation/restoration
Proposed recommendations See Table 2
Basis of evidence Document analysis Experimental research (lab and field-based) Focus groups/workshops General scientific reasoning Interviews Modelling/scenarios Participant observation Socio-economic surveys Expert elicitations Case studies
Disciplinary perspective Biophysical sciences Social sciences & humanities Mixed
685