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North America’s Native Civilizations
Comparing Puebloans & Mississippians
Continental Location
Puebloans Mississippians
Comparing Puebloans & Mississippians
Puebloan Timeline Mississippian Timeline
Comparing Puebloans & Mississippians
Late Woodland Period (500-1000 CE) • Dominant Hunter-Gather lifestyle
Early Mississippian Period (1000-1200 CE) • Maize became a Staple Crop • Increased Sedentary Lifestyle • Rapid Population Increases • Rise of Regional Chieftans
Middle Mississippian Period (1200-1400 CE) • Expansion of Ceremonial Metropolis
• Increased Trade Networks
Late Mississippian Period (1400-1540 CE) • Increasing Warfare among tribes
• Climate Changes & Cultural Collapse
Early Basketmaker Era (1500 BCE-50 CE) • Dominant Hunter-Gather lifestyle
Late Basketmaker Era (50-750 CE) • Maize became a Staple Crop • Began building Pit-Houses
• Pottery & Petroglyph Writing
Early Pueblo Era (750-1150 CE) • Increase Sedentary Lifestyle • Rapid Population Increases • Rise of Adobe Communities • Increased Trade Networks
Late Pueblo Era (1150-1540 CE) • Cliff Dwellings / Great Pueblos
• Increased Tribal Warfare • Resources & Culture Declined
Puebloans Mississippians
Comparing Puebloans & Mississippians
General Characteristics
• Oldest continuous native settlement in North America
• Adoption of Maize/Squash
• Domestication of Animals
• Highly developed Pottery/Art
• Construction of Adobe Structures
• Tightly knit Social Structure
• Elaborate Ceremonial Cycles
• Extensive Trade Networks
• Limited Warfare Skills
• No known System of Writing
• Oldest continuous native settlement East of Mississippi
• Adoption of Maize/Squash
• Domestication of Animals
• Highly developed Pottery/Art
• Construction of Large Earth Mounds
• Stratified Social Structure
• Elaborate Ceremonial Cycles
• Extensive Trade Networks
• Well Developed Warfare Skills
• No known System of Writing
Puebloans Mississippians
Comparing Puebloans & Mississippians
Sedentary Agriculture
• Maize/Squash
• Grown together
• Canyon Valleys or Plateaus
• Maize/Squash
• Grown together
• River Valleys
Puebloans Mississippians
Comparing Puebloans & Mississippians
Pottery, Baskets, and Art
Puebloans Mississippians
Comparing Puebloans & Mississippians
Pottery and Art
Puebloans Mississippians
Comparing Puebloans & Mississippians
Trade Networks
• Chaco Road System
• At least 8 main trade routes
• 30 feet wide roadways
• Covered over 180 miles
• Linked Chaco to other Pueblos
• Mississippi River System
• Linked to at least 8 key Rivers
• Covered thousands of miles
• Linked each Tribal Center
• Connected to Pueblo Trade
Puebloans Mississippians
Comparing Puebloans & Mississippians
Architecture
• Chaco Canyon (New Mexico) • Cahokia (Illinois)
Puebloans
Mississippians
Comparing Puebloans & Mississippians
Architecture
• Mesa Verde (Colorado)
• Giant Serpent Mound (Ohio)
Puebloans
Mississippians
Comparing Puebloans & Mississippians
Architecture
• Taos Pueblo (New Mexico)
• Moundville (Alabama)
Puebloans Mississippians
Comparing Puebloans & Mississippians
Architecture & Religion
Ocmulgee (Georgia)
Ceremonial Earthmound
Nambe (N.M.)
Ceremonial Kiva
Comparing Puebloans & Mississippians
Astronomy Puebloans
• Sun Dagger (Chaco, NM)
Mississippians
• Woodhenge (Cahokia, IL)
Puebloan Petroglyphs Mississippian Tablets
Comparing Puebloans & Mississippians
No Writing?
• Newspaper Rock (Petrified Forest, AZ) • Peet Tablet (Cahokia, IL)
Puebloans Mississippians
Comparing Puebloans & Mississippians
Initial European Contact
Hernando De Soto
Governor of Cuba (1537)
Led Expedition (1539 – 1542)
600 Spaniards, Franciscan Monks, 220 Horse, & 10 Spanish Galleons
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
Governor of New Galacia (1537)
Led Expedition (1540 – 1542)
400 Spaniards, 4 Franciscan Monks, 1500 Native Allies, & Several Slaves
Puebloans Mississippians
Comparing Puebloans & Mississippians
Initial European Contact
Puebloans Mississippians
Comparing Puebloans & Mississippians
Expedition Results
Hernando De Soto
Explored FL, GA, SC, TN, AL, MS, & TX
Made contact with Seminole, Creek, Cherokee, Appalachian, and Choctaw
Died of fever along Mississippi in 1542
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
Explored AZ, NM, TX, OK, & KS
Made contact with Zuni, Hopi, and Pueblo Tribes
Failed to find 7 Cities of Cibola