Journal of the American Dietetic Association Online

all bone measures. Gender exhibited a relationship with BMC and BMD. Treatment with supplemental calcium and most advanced Tanner stage were related to all bone measures. Results indicate that a relationship exists between higher energy expenditure and positive bone measurements. This association supports that energy expenditure through physical activity plays a role in determining the overall development of a healthy skeleton in adolescents.

TITLE: COLLEGE STUDENT USE OF NON-VITAMIN/NON-MINERAL (NVNM) SUPPLEMENTS

AUTHOR(S): R.A. Brown, RD; C.M. Hamilton, PhD, RD; The University of Delaware, Newark, DE

LEARNING OUTCOME: To increase college student knowledge of ephedrine.

TEXT: A survey was distributed to students enrolled in an introductory nutrition course at a large eastern University. The purpose of the survey was 1) to determine college student frequency of non-vitamin/non-mineral (NVNM) supplement use, 2) identify factors associated with supplement use or non-use, and 3) assess the impact of a college nutrition course upon student knowledge of ephedrine. The study design and sample consisted of a non-experimental, one-group pre-survey/post-survey method and convenience sample. Students responded to the survey during the first and last weeks of class. At semester mid-point, students were assigned an Internet assignment focusing on ephedrine containing supplements. The sample consisted of 247 (68.6%) college students. In the pre-survey sample (n = 174), 38 percent of students reported the use of NVNM supplements. Most frequently used NVNM supplements were echinacea (15.5%), ginseng (12.4%), and Xenadrine EFX (9.5%). Additionally, 8 percent of students reported the use of ephedra-based supplements and those most frequency used include Hydroxycut (6.5%), Xenadrine RFA-1 (6.0%), and Metabolift (5.4%). Use of NVNM supplements was most frequently attributed to improve health and well-being, and to lose weight. Students were most likely to begin NVNM supplement use in high school. In the matched-pairs sample (n = 105), student knowledge of ephedrine increased 25 percent over the course of the semester (p < .000). Because of the risks associated with the use of NVNM supplements, especially ephedrine containing supplements, further research examining college student use of NVNM supplements and associated factors is essential to prevent adverse reaction that is likely to occur when using these supplements.

TITLE: COMPARISON OF BREASTFEEDING KNOWLEDGE BETWEEN PHYSICIANS, NURSES, DIETITIANS, AND MOTHERS

AUTHOR(S): E. F. Molaison, PhD, RD, K. Martin, BS, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA

LEARNING OUTCOME: To understand the differences in knowledge of breastfeeding between medical professionals and mothers.

TEXT: Breastfeeding is often touted as one of the best methods of delivering optimal nutrition to infants. Often times, mothers will turn to their physician or other health care professionals to answer their questions about breastfeeding. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in knowledge of breastfeeding physiology between physicians, nurses, dietitians, and mothers. Students enrolled in a Lifecycle Nutrition course recruited the subjects. Each subject was

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Journal of the American Dietetic Association Online

given a 15-item multiple-choice questionnaire, with each question having 1 correct response. The highest possible score that could be achieved was 33. A total of 99 participants completed the survey. Subjects consisted of mothers who were not employed in any type of health profession (27%), physicians (18%), nurses (33%), and dietitians (21%). Sixteen percent of the total sample was male, with 90% being white, 6% black, and 2% Hispanic. The average number of correct responses was 13.5 for the entire sample. One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate differences in the average knowledge scores between the groups. Physicians were found to have a significantly greater knowledge (p<0.0001) of breastfeeding (M=19.7) than mothers (M=11.6), nurses (M=12.6), and dietitians (M=12.0). No other significant differences in knowledge existed between the groups. Total years of education was the only demographic variable significantly related to knowledge of breastfeeding. Those individuals with more years of education had a significantly greater mean knowledge score (p=0.017). Of the subjects that were mothers, 70.3% reported breastfeeding their infants. There was no significant difference in knowledge between those mothers that did or did not breastfeed, regardless of their profession. Based on the results of this study, it is evident that all groups need to become more knowledgeable on basic breastfeeding information. A better understanding of the physiology and benefits of breastfeeding will help those in the medical profession become more proficient in disseminating appropriate information and will help mothers understand basic facts on breastfeeding.

TITLE: A LOW LITERACY, BILINGUAL WEBSITE CONTINUES TO BE AN EFFECTIVE TOOL TO DISSEMINATE NUTRITION INFORMATION

AUTHOR(S): S.J. Beeman, MS, RD, CD/N, University of Connecticut, A.M. Ferris, PhD, RD, University of Connecticut

LEARNING OUTCOME: To determine if a website targeting food stamp recipients is an effect tool to impart nutrition information to food stamp recipients.

TEXT: Development of the Foodlinks website, directly targeting food stamp recipients is ongoing at the University of Connecticut. Previous research indicated that contrary to provider's views, food stamp recipients own or have access to computers and are interested in finding information via the web. Ongoing assessment is critical to the development of the website. In November 2002, a computer use survey was conducted at five food stamp offices in Connecticut. One hundred seven food stamp recipients completed the survey. 48% of those responding indicated that they owned a computer and 60% of those reported having Internet access. Of those who didn't own a computer, 70% said they could access a computer at the library (31%), a friend or relatives house (37%), schools (10%) or a family resource center (10%). Sixty five percent of those surveyed spent 0-1 hour a day using the computer and 30% spent 1-3 hours per day. Topics of interest were shopping tips (22%), location of free and low cost foods (21%), tips for feeding children (17%), recipes (16%), information on diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity (16%) and prevention of food poisoning (8%). Ninety percent of respondents were 18 and older, 81% spoke English, 75% were female and 33% were Latino, 30% African American, 25% White, 3% West Indian, and 5% Native American. These findings indicate that food stamp recipients can prioritize nutrition information they want and access it from the internet. Funded by USDA Food Stamp Nutrition Education Program and the CT D.S.S.

TITLE: DIETARY PATTERNS OF YOUNG, LOW-INCOME U.S. CHILDREN

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