2nd Bachillerato: comparison Ángela Ruiz 2009-10

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COMPARATIVO Y SUPERLATIV0

Adjective Comparative: más ... (que) Superlative: más ... (de)

• 1 syllable + -er (+ than) + -est (+ in>)

small smaller (than) smallest (in)

fast faster (than) fastest (in)

Adjetivo de 1 sílaba acabado en consonante + 1 vocal + consonante: duplica la consonante final:

big bigger (than) biggest (in)

hot hotter (than) hottest (in)

Adjetivo Comparativo: más ... (que) Superlativo: más ... (de)

• 2 syllables + -er / more + adj (+ than) + -est / most + adj (+ in)

acabados en: -y,-ly, -ow acabados en: -le, -er, -ure algunos adjetivos: handsome, polite, pleasant, common, quiet

happy happier / more happy (than) happiest / most happy (in)

hollow hollower / more hollow (than) hollowest / most hollow (in)

simple simpler / more simple (than) simplest / most simple (in)

tender tenderer / more tender (than) tenderest / most tender (in)

COMPARATIVOS Y SUPERLATIVOS IRREGULARES

ADJETIVO COMPARATIVO SUPERLATIVO

good better (than) best (in) bueno(s) - mejor(es)

bad / ill worse (than) worst (in) malo(s) - peor(es)

less (than) least (in) poco - menos little

smaller (than) smallest (in) pequeño(s) - más pequeño(s)

much / many more (than) most (in) mucho / muchos - más

farther (than) farthest (in) (distancia)- más lejos far

further (than) furthest (in) lejos

adicional - más adelante

later (than) latest (in) más tarde late

latter (than) lattest (in) tarde

reciente

older (than) oldest (in) antiguo, mayor old

elder (than) eldest (in) viejo(s)

mayor (familia

COMPARATIVO DE IGUALDAD

Adjetivo comparativo: tan ... (como) comparativo: no tan ... (como)

as + adj (+ as not as / so + adj (+ as

big as big (as) not as / so big (as)

confortable as confortable (as) not as / so confortable (as)

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COMPARATIVO DE INFERIORIDAD

Adjetivo Comparativo: menos ... (que) Superlativo: menos ... (de)

less + adj (+than) least + adj (+ in)

thin less thin (than) least thin (in)

interesting less interesting (than) least interesting (in)

COMPARACIÓN CORRELATIVA: cuanto más / menos + adjetivo, más / menos + adjetivo The shorter the report, the less boring it will be. Cuanto más corto sea el informe, menos aburrido

será. The less luggage we take, the faster we’ll travel. Cuanto menos bultos llevemos, más rápido

viajaremos. The more expensive the product, the better it must be.

Cuanto más caro sea el producto, mejor tiene que ser.

The more you eat, the more uncomfortable you'll feel.

Cuanto más comas, más molesto te sentirás.

COMPARACIÓN PROGRESIVA: cada vez más / menos + adjetivo The weather is hotter and hotter. El tiempo es cada vez más caluroso. This programme is more and more entertaining. Este programa es cada vez más entretenido. Will exams be less and less easy? ¿Los exámenes serán cada vez menos fáciles? The result isn't less and less important. El resultado no es cada vez menos importante. LESS / FEWER: MENOS less + sustantivos no-contables fewer + sustantivos contables I have less work now than last year. Tengo menos trabajo ahora que el año pasado.

Are there fewer boys playing now? ¿Hay menos chicos jugando ahora?

He has less money and fewer friends. Tiene menos dinero y menos amigos.

LIKE / AS: “COMO” like + sustantivo / pronombre = como, igual que, similar a (comparando)

as + sustantivo = como, en calidad de as + oración subordinada / locución = como

This coat is like yours. Este abrigo es como el tuyo.

I worked as a trainer. Yo trabajé como entrenador.

He is like his brother. Él es como su hermano.

Lawrence Olivier as Hamlet is wonderful. Lawrence Olivier como (en el papel de) Hamlet está maravilloso .

She sings like an angel. Ella canta como un ángel.

Call her as your mother told you. Llámala como te dijo tu madre.

You should do it like him. Deberías hacerlo como él.

Do it as I showed you. Hazlo como te enseñé.

SO / SUCH Such + adjective + noun. It is never used before much and many.

So + adverbs / adjectives. It is used with much and many.

He was such a big man with such dark eyes that I was very frightened.

The film was so good, had so many stars and was so well directed that I could have watched it three times.

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EXERCISES

1. Complete the sentences with the superlative forms (most or -est) of the adjectives in brackets followed by in or of.

eg. Mary is the tallest girl in the class. (tall) 1. Shakespeare is the _____________________ ______ all English authors. (famous) 2. This is the _____________________ book ______ my collection. (valuable) 3. I’m not the _____________________ footballer ______ the team. (bad) 4. Your design was the _____________________ ______ the ones I saw. (pretty) 5. Henry is one of the _____________________ people ______ the world (boring) 2. Complete the following sentences.

1. The more I know him...

2. The sooner you start...

3. The more you work...

4. The more people you know...

5. The earlier you get up...

6. The richer someone gets...

7. The faster you drive... 3. Rewrite each of these sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence before it.

1. The blue dress isn’t quite as pretty as the red one.

The red...

2. He speaks German better than he speaks French.

He doesn’t...

3. This is the worst film I’ve ever seen.

I’ve...

4. Joe didn’t sweep the floor as thoroughly as Mary wanted him to.

Joe swept...

5. I’m not nearly such a careful driver as he is.

He drives.... 4. Join each pair of sentences using so or such followed by that. Then rephrase the sentence to use the other construction. e.g. He spoke convincingly. The people believed him. He spoke so convincingly that the people believed him./ He spoke in such a convincing way that the people believed him. 1. He sang beautifully. Half the audience cried. 2. He had a good voice. He became a popular singer. 3. He made many hit records. He became very rich. 4. He had expensive tastes. He spent all of his money. 5. He received a lot of fan mail. He could not answer it all. 6. His car was big. He needed two parking spaces.