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8
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
COMPENSATORY GROWTH OF TWO BROILER
GENOTYPES FOLLOWING THERMAL
CONDITIONING AND CRUDE PROTEIN REGIMEN UP
TO DAY 21 OF LIFE
W El-TAHWAY1 Y A ATTIA
1 S E AGGREY
2 and W S HABASHY
1
1Department of Animal and Poultry Production Faculty of Agriculture Damanhour
University 2 Poultry Science Department University of Georgia Athens GA 30602-2772
saggreyugaedu
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the compensatory
growth of two broiler genotypes following exposure to
thermal conditioning (TC) and protein regimen (PR) during
days 1-21 of age Broiler males (n=256) from Hubbard (Hub)
and equal number from Arbor Acres (AA) strains were
randomly distributed in factorial experimental design
among 8 treatment groups (2 protein regimen by 2 thermal
conditions (group of chicks exposed to 373ordm C and 70 RH
for 24 h at day 3 and returned to normal TC and unexposed
control group C (33 ordm C and 45 RH) by two strains of
broilers (Hub and AA) Protein regimen during the
experimental starter period was high CP regimen being 24
(high) and standard protein regimen ie 22 (standard)
Exposing broilers to TC at day 3 of age resulted in
significantly lower growth and worse FCR during days 3-4
of age than the control group However catch-up growth
and feed utilization was shown by day 21 of age T3 at day 21
of age was significantly lower of TC group than the C group
Growth was higher of high PR group but FCR was
similar between high PR and low PR during days 3-4 and 1-
21 of age Plasma albumin glucose MDA basophils and
phagocyte index (PI) were significantly higher of high PR
but plasma globulin albumin ratio was lower
Strain of broilers had a significant effect on growth
during days 3-4 and 1-21 of age WBCs lymphocyte
8
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
basophils and esinophil showing AA chicks had superior
productive traits 1-21 WBCs and esinophil than Hub
chicks but had lower globulin to albumin ratio basophils
and heterophils
A significant interaction between strain TC and
protein regimen was observed on BWG during days 3-4 and
1-21 of age FCR during days 1-21 of age and phagocytes
activity (PA)
It could be concluded that broilers exposed to TC and
fed standard PR exhibited compensatory growth suggesting
that TC and standard PR may be suitable management tool
to improve chickens tolerance to heat stress late in life
particularly in high temperature regions
Keywords Thermal conditions broiler genotypes protein regimen growth
INTRODUCTION
The global mean surface temperature increased by 08 and 17 ordm
C during the 19th
and 20th
centuries and expected to increase by 06 to
25ordm C during the next 50 years
(httpwwwncdcnoaagovoaclimateglobalwarminghtml)
Increasing ambient temperatures decreases survival and productive
traits (Dale and Fuller 1979 Teeter et al 1985 Deaton et al 1986
Attia et al 2006) The negative effect of heat stress on growth
performance of broilers may be related to the sensitivity of
commercial broilers to high temperature and can be attributed in part
to the inferior development of their cardiovascular and respiratory
system in comparison to their rapid growth potential (Yahav 2000)
The high growth of broilers is connected with high feed intake and
increasing metabolic heat production (Teeter 1994)
Appropriate combination of nutritional and management
strategies are essential for optimal broiler production during heat
stress Thermal conditioning (TC) at an early age has been proposed
by various authors (Arjona et al 1990 Yahav 2000 De Basilio et
al 2001) as a possible solution to reduce susceptibility of broilers to
heat stress however the ability of broilers to recover and show
compensatory growth is addressed (Yahav 2000)
97
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Feed and protein intakes as well as protein synthesis and
breakdown were negatively affected by heat stress (Daghir 2008 Lin
et al 2006) and protein synthesis is more affected than protein
breakdown leading to reduce protein deposition that cannot be
restored by high dietary protein (Temim et al 2000) Furthermore
growth rate is suppressed by high levels of dietary protein (Cahaner et
al 1995) and may not are not necessarily increased (Attia et al
2011) under high ambient temperatures Feeding increased protein
could rather be more detrimental to the heat-stressed birds due to the
higher heat increment associated with protein metabolism besides
dietary proteinamino acids also affects protein turnover resulting in
more metabolic heat production (Musharaf and Latshaw 1999) This
study aimed to study compensatory growth of two strains of broilers
following thermal conditioning and crude protein regimen up to day
21 of life
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Birds and Design
A total of 256 chicks from Hubbard (Hub) strain and equal
number of Arbor Acres (AA) chicks at one-day of age were randomly
distributed keeping approximately equal initial body weight in
factorial experimental design among 8 treatment groups (2 protein
regimen by 2 thermal conditions by two strains of broilers)
The dietary CP treatments were 24 CP with 3098 kcal ME kg
from day 1 to 21 of age [High protein regimen] and 22 CP with
3099 kcal ME kg from day 1 to 21 of age [Standard protein regimen]
The composition of the experimental diets and their chemical analysis
are shown in Table 1 The experimental diets were formulated based
on NRC (1994) At day 3 chickens in each CP regimen were divided
into two groups in which one group was exposed to thermal
conditioning (TC) at 373ordm C and 70 RH for 24 h and returned to
control conditions (33 ordm C and 45 RH) condition The other was
unexposed Each treatment was replicated 4 times of 8 chicks each
Management
Chicks were housed in battery brooders from day 1 till 21 days
Feed and water were offered ad libitum Chicks were provided with
97
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
24 hr of light during day 1 to 3 of age and 23 1 light dark cycle
thereafter Chickens were vaccinated with Hitchiner + IB Influenza
H5 N2 and Gumboro at days 8 11 and 13 of age respectively
Data Collection
Birds were weighed (g) individually at days 1 3 4 and 21 of age
during the experimental period Feed intake was recorded at 3 4 and
21 days according to the replicate-feeding system followed in the
present work and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated
Blood hematological were determined using 8 samples per treatment
at day 21 of age Hemoglobin concentration (Hgb) was determined as
gdL by the cyanomethemoglobin procedure (Eilers 1967)
Heparinized blood was used for determination of packed cell volume
(PCV) using Wintrobe hematocrit tubes Blood samples were
centrifuged for 20 min at 4000 rpm then PCV values were obtained by
reading the PCV on the graduated hematocrit tubes Red blood cells
(RBCs) were counted on an Ao bright line hemocytometer using light
microscope at 400x magnification Blood samples were diluted 200
times with physiological saline solution before counting White blood
cells (WBCs) were counted on an Ao bright line hemocytometer
using a light microscope at 100x magnification after diluting the blood
samples 20 times with a dilution fluid (3ml glacial acetic acid + 97 ml
distilled water + Lushman stain) according to Hepler (1966)
Differential leukocyte counts were examined in each blood film by
using light microscope with 1000 x magnification power A thin blood
film was prepared by using a small drop of blood The blood film was
completely dried before staining using Giemsa stain The film was
washed in distilled water and dried The number of any individual
type of WBCs was expressed as a percentage of the total (Lucas and
Jamroz 1961) The method of Kawahara et al (1991) was used for
determination of phagocytes activity (PA) and phagocytes index (PI)
Eight blood samples per treatment were also collected in heparinized
tubes at day 21 of age for determination of some biochemical
constituents Plasma was obtained by centrifugation of blood at 1509
g for 20 minutes and was stored at -20 Co for further analyses Plasma
glucose concentration (microgdl) was measured by the method of Trinder
(1969) using commercial kits (Diamoned Diagnostics) Total protein
(gdl) was measured by Weichselbaum (1946) Albumin concentration
(gdl) was determined according to the method of Doumas et al
97
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
(1977) Globulin concentration (gdl) was estimated by subtraction of
albumin concentration from plasma total protein value according to
Coles (1974) Total plasma cholesterol (mgdl) was determined
according to the method of Watson (1960) The activity of alkaline
phosphatase (ALP) enzyme was assayed in plasma by the method of
Yan et al DGKC 1972) Total antioxidant capacity (micromoll) and
malondialdehyde (MDA micromolL) were determined according to
Koracevic et al (2001) and Richard et al (1992) respectively Plasma
T3 (nmolL) was determined according to the method of Young et al
(1975)
Statistical evaluation
Data were statistically analyzed using PROC ANOVA of
SASreg (SAS Institute 1996 Cary NC USA) Heat conditioning diet
and strains as well as all possible interaction were included in the
factorial model All the percentages were converted as log10 to
normalize data distribution Mean differences at P005 were tested
using the Tukey test (SAS 1996)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Productive performance
Thermal conditioning significantly decreased growth and
impaired FCR of broilers by 403 and 478 respectively only
during days 3-4 of age (Table 2) In addition TC had a significant
negative effect (12) on feed intake of broilers during days 3-4 and 1-
21 of age This result is in agreement with (Yahav 2000) who found
that the negative effect on BWG was coincided with a decrease in feed
intake and short life span of broiler chicks Similarly Attia et al
(1995) and (Saleh et al 1996 Yahav and Plavnik 1999) showing
adoption and compensatory growth the phenomena that are known to
occur after exposing animals to stress Protein regimen and genotype
had a significant effect on growth during days 3-4 and 1- 21 of age
The obtained data confirmed those reported by (Attia et al 2001)
who showed that feeding high PR significantly increased BWG during
days 1-21 of age showing higher protein requirements to fulfill higher
growth during early growth phase On the other hand protein regimen
97
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Table 1 Composition calculated and chemical analysis of the
experimental starter diets fed during days 1-21 of age
Ingredient Protein level
24 22
Yellow corn 49175 5528
Soybean meal (48) 38500 3300
Corn gluten meal 3000 300
Dicalcium phosphate 1800 183
Limestone 1300 135
NaCl 0400 040
Premix1 0300 030
DL-Methionine 0160 021
L-Lysine Hcl 0065 023
Vegetable oil 5300 440
Sand 0000 000
Total 100 100
Calculated2 and determined
3 chemical analysis
ME kcalkg 3098 3099
DM 8998 8683
CP 2 2408 2201
CP 3
2421 2266
Lysine 2
126 125
Methionine 2 055 057
SSA 2 093 093
Threonine 2 102 094
Arginine 2 169 154
Tryptophan 2
033 029
Calcium 2 101 102
Phosphorus available 2 048 048
Ash 3 682 684
1Vit+Min mixture provides (per kg diet) vitamin A (retinyl acetate) 24 mg vitamin E (dl--
tocopheryl acetate) 20 mg menadione 23 mg Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) 005 mg
riboflavin 55 mg calcium pantothenate 12 mg nicotinic acid 50 mg choline chloride 600
mg vitamin B12 10 microg vitamin B6 3 mg thiamine 3 mg folic acid 1 mg d-biotin 050 mg
Mn 80 mg Zn 60 mg Fe 35 mg Cu 8 mg Se 060 mg 2 Calculated according to NRC (1994) 3 Determined chemical composition according to (AOAC 1990)
97
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Table 2 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and broiler strain on body weight gain feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens
Body weight gain g Treatments
Days 1-21 3-4 d Days
Thermal condition1
521 788b
TC
524 132a
C
NS 00001 P value
322 0315 SEM
Protein regimen1
527a
110a
High
517b
101b
Standard
003 0046 P value
322 0315 SEM
Strain1
507 b
112 a
Hub
537 a
984 b
AA
00001 0006 P value
322 0315 SEM
Feed intake g chick period
Thermal condition2
664b
190b
TC
690a
216a
C
0004 00011 P value
629 0544 SEM
Protein regimen2
681 200 High
673 206 Standard
NS NS P value
629 0544 SEM
Strain2
671 208 Hub
683 198 AA
NS NS P value
629 0544 SEM
Feed conversion ratio g feedg gain
Thermal condition2
128 235a
TC
131 159b
C
NS 00001 P value
97
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Cont Table 2 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and broiler strain on body weight gain feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens
0013 0072 SEM
Protein regimen2
129 187 High
130 207 Standard
NS NS P value
0013 0072 SEM
Strain2
131 199 Hub
128 195 AA
NS NS P value
0 013 0072 SEM 1 Number of observation =256
2 Number of observation =32
abc Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are
significantly different Pgt 005 NS= Not significant TC=thermal conditioning C=Control
and genotype had no significant effect on FCR during days 1-21 of
age indicating that broilers chicks exhibited compensatory growth
There was a significant interaction between strain of broiler
TC and PR on BWG during days 3-4 and 1-21 of age (Table 3)
During days 3-4 of age under thermal conditions (C and TC) feeding
high PR significantly enhanced growth of only Hub broilers compared
to standard PR However high PR induced a detrimental effect on
growth of AA chicks under only TC During days 1-21 of age Hub
broilers responded similarly to different PR under C and TC however
high PR increased BWG of AA chicks under C but induced the
contrary effect under TC this indicated PR by strain interaction
Similarly Widyaratne and Drew (2011) indicated that low-protein
diets can support growth performance equal to high-protein diets In
the contrast there was no significant interaction in feed intake during
all tested periods (Table 3) There was a significant interaction in FCR
during days 1-21 of age FCR of the AA chicks exposed to control and
TC and fed high PR was significantly better FCR than Hub chicks on
the same treatments Broilers of both strains exposed to TC at day 3 of
age and fed standard PR had the best FCR during days 1-21 of age
Meanwhile under C condition feeding Hub standard PR and AA
98
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
99
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
chicks high PR resulted in the best FCR with later strain produced
significantly better FCR than the Hub one These results indicated that
the response of productive performance of broilers chicks to PR
depends on TC and broiler genotype
Biochemical constituents of blood plasma
Total plasma protein albumen globulin glucose alkaline
phosphatase cholesterol and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) at day
21 of age were not significantly affected (Table 4) However MDA at
day 21 of age was significantly higher of TC groups than that of C
These results are similar to those reported by Yahav and McMurtry
(2001) and Requena et al (2010) who indicated that the effect of TC
depends on the severity and length of heat exposure (Attia et al
2011) In addition TC lowered significantly plasma T3 and plasma
globulin-albumin ratio than the C group
Protein regimen significantly affected only plasma albumin
globulin and globulinndashalbumin ratio glucose and MDA at day 21 of
age where high PR resulted in higher plasma albumin glucose and
MDA than the corresponding values obtained of the standard PR
Meanwhile the contrary was shown in the globulin and globulin-
albumin ratio
Genotype had only a significant impact on plasma globulin-
albumin ratio where AA chicks exhibited lower value than the Hub
one There was no significant interaction between strain of broilers
thermal conditioning and CP regimen on biochemical constituents of
blood plasma mentioned before (Table 5)
Blood hematological constituents
Thermal conditioning had a significant negative effect only on
lymphocyte and esinophil (Table 6) Meanwhile the contrary was
shown in the basophil Dietary PR had no significant effect on most of
blood hematological constituents except for basophil and PI at day 21
of age Feeding high PR resulted in higher basophils and PI than
those of standard regimen The relationship between disease control
and nutritional regimen was recently reviewed (Lister 2010) In
agreement with the present results chicks fed high PR resulted in
higher persistency in antibody production at days 10 and 15 after
inoculation with sheep red blood cells than those fed the 19 CP
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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group (Praharaj et al 1998 Melo et al 1998) and supplementation
with methionine and choline significantly improved cellular and
humoral immune response (Swain and Johri 2000) Arbor acres
strain had significantly higher WBCs lymphocytes and esinophil than
Hub strain Meanwhile the contrary was shown in basophil and
heterophil
There was no significant interaction between strains of
broilers TC and PR on most of blood hematological at day 21 of age
(Table 7) expect for phagocytes activity Hub chicks exposed to C
and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain exposed to TC and fed the same diet The AA chicks exposed to
TC and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain kept on C and fed high and standard PR Meanwhile Hub
chicks exposed to TC and fed high PR had significantly lower PA than
that of AA chicks on the same treatments However Hub chicks
exposed to C and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of
AA chicks on the same treatments These findings indicated different
genetic potential between the two strains under investigation which
may be ascribed to variations in genetic makeup (Rosa et al 2007
Benyi et al 2009 Abdullah et al 2010 Yakubu et al 2010)
It could be concluded that broilers exposed to TC and fed
standard PR exhibited compensatory growth suggesting that TC and
standard PR may be suitable management tool to improve chickens
tolerance to heat stress late in life particularly in high temperature
regions
REFERENCES
Abdullah Y A N AAl-Beitawi M M SRjoup R I Qudsieh
and M A A Ishmais 2010 Growth performance carcass and
meat quality characteristics of different commercial crosses of
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Arjona A D Denbow and W Weaver 1990 Neonatally-induced
thermotolerance Physiological responses Comp Bio-chem
Physiol 95A393ndash399
Association Of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990 Official
Methods of Analysis Association of Analytical Chemists 15th
Ed Washington DC USA
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Attia Y A S A Abd El-Rahman and E M A Qota 2001 Effects of microbial phytase with or without cell-wall splitting
enzymes on the performance of broilers fed suboptimum levels
of dietary protein and metaboilzable energy Egyptian Poult Sci
J 21 521-547
Attia Y A M Barbara Dora Bohmer and A Roth-Maier 2006 Responded of broiler chicks raised under constant relatively
high ambient temperature to enzymes amino acid
supplementations or a high-nutrient diet Archive fur
Geflugelkunde 70 80-91
Attia Y A R A Hassan A E Tag El-Din and B M Abou-
Shehema 2011 Effect of ascorbic acid or increasing
metabolizable energy level with or without supplementation of
some essential amino acids on productive and physiological
traits of slow-growing chicks exposed to chronic heat stress J
Anim Phys Anim Nutr in press early view
Attia Y A Mona Osman El-Samra Abou-Egla and A A
Eldeek 1995 Response of growth feed conversion and
carcass characteristics of broiler chicks to feed restriction
methods time and diet quality Mansoura J Agri Sci
203261-3282
Benyi K OAcheampong-Boateng DNorris MMathoho and
MSMikasi 2009 The response of Ross 308 and Hybro broiler
chickens to early and late skip-a-day feed restriction Tropical
Anim Health and Prod 41 1707-1713
Cahaner A YPinchasov INir and ZNitsan 1995 Effects of
dietary protein under high ambient temperature on body weight
breast meat yield and abdominal fat deposition of broiler stocks
differing in growth rate and fatness Poult Sci 74 968 ndash 975
Coles E H 1974 Veterinary clinical pathology pp 211-213 W B
Saunder Company Philadelphia London Toronto
Combination of vaccination and competitive exclusion to
prevent Salmonella colonization in chickens experimental
studies Inter J Food Microbial 4935-42
Daghir N2008 Nutrient requirements of poultry at high temperature
In Poultry production in hot climates (Daghir N J editor) 2nd
edition CAB International UK
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Dale N M and H LFuller 1979 Effects of diet composition on
feed intake and growth of chicks under heat stress 1 Dietary fat
levels Poult Sci 581529 -1534
Deaton JW FN Reece SL Branton and JD May 1986 High
environmental temperature and broiler livability Poult Sci
651268-1269
De BasilioV MVilarino S Yahav and M Picard 2001 Early-
age thermal conditioning and a dual feeding program for male
broilers challenged by heat stress Poult Sci 8029-36
Doumas B T D Watson and H G Biggs 1977 Albumin
standards and the measurement of blood albumin with
bromocisol green Clin Chem Acta 3187-96
Eilers R J 1967 Notification of final adoption of an international
method and standard olution for hemoglobinometry
specifications for preparation of a standard solution Amer J
Clin Path 47 212-214
Hepler O E 1966 Manual of clinical laboratory methods Thomas
sparing field Illinois USA
Kawahara E T Ueda and S Nomura 1991 In vitro phagocytic
activity of white spotted shark cells after injection with
Aeromonas salmonicida extracelluar products Gyobyo
Kenkyu Japan 26 213-214
Koracevic D G Koracevic V Djordjevic S Andrejevic and V
Cosic 2001 Method for the measurement of antioxidant
activity in human fluids J Clin Pathol 54356-361
Lin H H C Jiao J Buyse and E Decuypere 2006 Strategies for
preventing heat stress in poultry Worlds Poult Sci J 62 71-
85
Lister S A 2010 Poultry diseases ndash their control and effects on
nutritional requirements Worlds Poult Sci J 66 633-638
Lucas A M and C Jamroz 1961 Atlas of Avian Hematology
Agriculture Monograph 25 USDA Washington DC USA
Melo J G Mallo C Campelletti E Villar M C Miquel and F
Hoffman 1998 Influence of two different protein content diets
and two broiler strains on antibody production Revista de
Medicina Veterinaria (Buenos Aires) 79169minus171
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Musharaf NA and J D Latshaw 1999 Heat increment as
affected by protein and amino acid nutrition Worldrsquos PoultSci
J 55 233-239
National Research Council (NRC) 1994 Nutrient requirement of
poultry 9th
revised Edn National Academy Press Washington
DC USA
Praharaj N K S V Ramarao M R Reddy G Shyam-Sunder
and B L N Reddy 1998 Sire by protein interactions for
growth feed efficiency and immunoresponsiveness in coloured
broilers Indian J Anim Sci 681065-1067
Requena F V De Basilio Y Oliveros E Saume A Mendez D
Fung J Marquina and D Bastianelli 2010 Tuning
environmental parameters to maximize efficiency of early
thermal conditioning in broilers XIIIth European Poultry
Conference 2704-2708
Richard M J B Portal J Meo C Coudray A Hadjian and A
Favier 1992 Malondialdehyde kit evaluated for determining
plasma and lipoprotein fractions that react with thiobarbituric
acid Clin Chem 38 704-709
Rosa P S D E Faria Filho F Dahlke B S Vieira M Macari
and R L Fulan 2007 Effect of Energy Intake on performance
and carcass composition of broiler chickens from two different
genetic groups BrazJ PoultSci 9117-122
Saleh K Y A Attia and H Younis 1996 Effect of feed restriction
and breed on compensatory growth abdominal fat and some
production traits of broiler chicks Archiv Fuumlr Gefluumlgelkunde
60 (4)153-159
SAS Institute (1996) SASreg
Userrsquos Guide Statistics Version 6 Edn
SAS Institute Inc Cary NC USA
Swain B K and T S Johri 2000 Effect of supplemental
methionine choline and their combinations on the performance
and immune of broilers Br Poult Sci 4183-88
Teeter R G 1994Optimizing production of heat stressed broilers
Poult Dig 2610ndash24
Teeter RG MO Smith FN Owens and SC Arp 1985
Chronic Heat Stress and Respiratory Alkalosis Occurrence and
treatment in broiler chicks Poult Sci 64 1060-1064
8
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Temim S A M Chagneau S Guillaumein J Mitchel R
Peresson and S Tesseraud 2000 Does excess dietary Protein
improve growth performance and characteristics in heat exposed
chickens Poult Sci 79 312 ndash 317
Trinder P 1969 Determination of glucose in blood using glucose
oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor Annals of Clin
Biochem 6 24-26
US National Climatic Data Center 2008 Global warming frequently
asked questions 2008
httpwwwncdcnoaagovoaclimateglobalwarminghtml
Watson D 1960 A simple method for determination of serum
cholesterol Clin Chem Acta 5 637-643
Weichselbaum TE 1946 An accurate and rapid methode for
determination of proteins in small amount of blood serum and
plasma Am J Clin Pathol 16 40ndash48
Widyaratne G P and M D Drew 2011 Effects of protein level
and digestibility on the growth and carcass characteristics of
broiler chickens Poult Sci 90595-603
Yahav S 2000 Domestic fowl-Strategies to confront environmental
conditions Avian and Poult Biol Rev 1181-95
Yahav S and JP McMurtry 2001 Thermotolerance acquisition
in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life-the
effect of timing and ambient temperature Poult Sci 12 1662-
1666
Yahav S and I Plavnik 1999 Effect of early ndash age thermal
conditioning and food restriction on performance and thermo-
tolerance of male broiler chickens Br Poult Sci 40 120 ndash
126
Yakubu A J A Ayoade and Y M Dahiru 2010 Effects of
genotype and population density on growth performance
carcass characteristics and cost-benefits of broiler chickens in
north central Nigeria Trop Anim Health and Prod 42 719-
727
Yan F JH Kersey CA Fritts PW Waldroup H L Stilborn
RC Jr Crumm and DW Rice (DGKC) 1972 Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuumlr Klinische
Chemie Z Klin Chimerical und Klinical Biochemsirty
10182
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Young DS CL Pestaner and U Gilberman 1975 Effects of
drugs on clinical laboratory tests Clin Chem 21 3660
الملخص العربي
للتقسة الحرارة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد التعرض وم 12حتى عمر ونظام البروتن الغذائ
2ولد شعبان حبش ndash 1ريسام اجا - 2وسف عبد الوهاب عطة-2ولد الطحاوي
جامعة دمنهور ndashكلة الزراعة ndash قسم االنتاج الحوان والداجن 1 اثنا-جامعة جورجا ndashقسم علوم الدواجن 2
أجرت هذه التجربة بهدف دراسة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد
األقتصادة وهرمون البروتن الغذائ عل الصفاتالتعرض للتقسة الحرارة ونظام تم استخدام ومكونات الدم البوكماوة والهماتولوجة الثروكسن ف بالزما الدم
كتكوت من ساللة الهابرد و نفس العدد من ساللة االربوراكرز وتم توزعهم 256تقسة حرارة ) تعرض 2نظام بروتن غذائ 2معامالت ) 8عشوائا عل ساعة عند 24 لمدة 77م ورطوبة ordm 373لكتاكت لدرجة حرارة مجموعة من ا
م ورطوبة نسبة 33أام ثم العودة ال درجة الحرارة والرطوبة الطبعة ) 3عمر وكان نظام من كل ساللة ( 45م ورطوبة نسبة ordm 33( وأخري كنترول )45
( أو قاس 24عال )وم 21عمر البروتن المتبع ف عالئق البادئ حتى(22)
أام إل انخفاض معدل 3تعرض الكتاكت ال التقسة الحرارة عند عمر أدى وم من العمر( 4-3النمو وكذلك سوء الكفاءة الغذائة خالل فترة التقسة الحرارة )
وم كان هناك تشابه ف 21-1مقارنة بمجموعة الكنترول أما خالل الفترة من عمر كما أظهرت النتائج انخفاض مستوي هرمون الثروكسن لكفاءة الغذائةمعدل النمو وا
وم للمجامع المعرضه للتقسة الحرارة مقارنة 21ف بالزما الدم عند عمر بالكنترول
4-3أدى نظام البروتن الغذائ المرتفع ال زادة معدل النمو فقط خالل فترة من ة مستوي االلبومن والجلوكوز والمالونالدهد وم من العمروكذلك زاد 21-1اام و
والكرات الدم القاعدة والدلل المناع ف بالزما الدم ولكن انخفضت النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن ف بالزما الدم أما بالنسبة لتأثر التركب الوراث فكانت هناك
ة والفسولوجة حث تفوقت ساللة العدد من التأثرات الواضحة ف اإلستجابة اإلنتاجوم وعدد كرات الدم البضاء 21-1االربوركرز ف الصفات االنتاجة ف الفترة من
وكرات الدم الحامضة عن ساللة الهابرد الت كانت متفوقة ف النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن وكرات الدم القاعدة والخلطة
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
ن الساللة والتقسة الحرارة ونظام البروتن الغذائ وقد ظهر تداخل معنوي بوم من العمر وكذلك معدل 21-1اام والفترة من 4-3عل معدل النمو خالل الفترة وم من العمر وكذلك النشاط البلعم 21-1التحول الغذائ ف الفترة من
قاس عتبران أداة مما سبق تضح أن التقسة الحرارة و نظام البروتن الغذائ المناسبة لمعاملة دجاج اللحم ف المناطق المرتفعة ف درجات الحرارة والمماثلة لظروف
تلك المنطقة الت أجرت بها
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
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Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
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Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
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Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
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Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
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basophils and esinophil showing AA chicks had superior
productive traits 1-21 WBCs and esinophil than Hub
chicks but had lower globulin to albumin ratio basophils
and heterophils
A significant interaction between strain TC and
protein regimen was observed on BWG during days 3-4 and
1-21 of age FCR during days 1-21 of age and phagocytes
activity (PA)
It could be concluded that broilers exposed to TC and
fed standard PR exhibited compensatory growth suggesting
that TC and standard PR may be suitable management tool
to improve chickens tolerance to heat stress late in life
particularly in high temperature regions
Keywords Thermal conditions broiler genotypes protein regimen growth
INTRODUCTION
The global mean surface temperature increased by 08 and 17 ordm
C during the 19th
and 20th
centuries and expected to increase by 06 to
25ordm C during the next 50 years
(httpwwwncdcnoaagovoaclimateglobalwarminghtml)
Increasing ambient temperatures decreases survival and productive
traits (Dale and Fuller 1979 Teeter et al 1985 Deaton et al 1986
Attia et al 2006) The negative effect of heat stress on growth
performance of broilers may be related to the sensitivity of
commercial broilers to high temperature and can be attributed in part
to the inferior development of their cardiovascular and respiratory
system in comparison to their rapid growth potential (Yahav 2000)
The high growth of broilers is connected with high feed intake and
increasing metabolic heat production (Teeter 1994)
Appropriate combination of nutritional and management
strategies are essential for optimal broiler production during heat
stress Thermal conditioning (TC) at an early age has been proposed
by various authors (Arjona et al 1990 Yahav 2000 De Basilio et
al 2001) as a possible solution to reduce susceptibility of broilers to
heat stress however the ability of broilers to recover and show
compensatory growth is addressed (Yahav 2000)
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Feed and protein intakes as well as protein synthesis and
breakdown were negatively affected by heat stress (Daghir 2008 Lin
et al 2006) and protein synthesis is more affected than protein
breakdown leading to reduce protein deposition that cannot be
restored by high dietary protein (Temim et al 2000) Furthermore
growth rate is suppressed by high levels of dietary protein (Cahaner et
al 1995) and may not are not necessarily increased (Attia et al
2011) under high ambient temperatures Feeding increased protein
could rather be more detrimental to the heat-stressed birds due to the
higher heat increment associated with protein metabolism besides
dietary proteinamino acids also affects protein turnover resulting in
more metabolic heat production (Musharaf and Latshaw 1999) This
study aimed to study compensatory growth of two strains of broilers
following thermal conditioning and crude protein regimen up to day
21 of life
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Birds and Design
A total of 256 chicks from Hubbard (Hub) strain and equal
number of Arbor Acres (AA) chicks at one-day of age were randomly
distributed keeping approximately equal initial body weight in
factorial experimental design among 8 treatment groups (2 protein
regimen by 2 thermal conditions by two strains of broilers)
The dietary CP treatments were 24 CP with 3098 kcal ME kg
from day 1 to 21 of age [High protein regimen] and 22 CP with
3099 kcal ME kg from day 1 to 21 of age [Standard protein regimen]
The composition of the experimental diets and their chemical analysis
are shown in Table 1 The experimental diets were formulated based
on NRC (1994) At day 3 chickens in each CP regimen were divided
into two groups in which one group was exposed to thermal
conditioning (TC) at 373ordm C and 70 RH for 24 h and returned to
control conditions (33 ordm C and 45 RH) condition The other was
unexposed Each treatment was replicated 4 times of 8 chicks each
Management
Chicks were housed in battery brooders from day 1 till 21 days
Feed and water were offered ad libitum Chicks were provided with
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24 hr of light during day 1 to 3 of age and 23 1 light dark cycle
thereafter Chickens were vaccinated with Hitchiner + IB Influenza
H5 N2 and Gumboro at days 8 11 and 13 of age respectively
Data Collection
Birds were weighed (g) individually at days 1 3 4 and 21 of age
during the experimental period Feed intake was recorded at 3 4 and
21 days according to the replicate-feeding system followed in the
present work and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated
Blood hematological were determined using 8 samples per treatment
at day 21 of age Hemoglobin concentration (Hgb) was determined as
gdL by the cyanomethemoglobin procedure (Eilers 1967)
Heparinized blood was used for determination of packed cell volume
(PCV) using Wintrobe hematocrit tubes Blood samples were
centrifuged for 20 min at 4000 rpm then PCV values were obtained by
reading the PCV on the graduated hematocrit tubes Red blood cells
(RBCs) were counted on an Ao bright line hemocytometer using light
microscope at 400x magnification Blood samples were diluted 200
times with physiological saline solution before counting White blood
cells (WBCs) were counted on an Ao bright line hemocytometer
using a light microscope at 100x magnification after diluting the blood
samples 20 times with a dilution fluid (3ml glacial acetic acid + 97 ml
distilled water + Lushman stain) according to Hepler (1966)
Differential leukocyte counts were examined in each blood film by
using light microscope with 1000 x magnification power A thin blood
film was prepared by using a small drop of blood The blood film was
completely dried before staining using Giemsa stain The film was
washed in distilled water and dried The number of any individual
type of WBCs was expressed as a percentage of the total (Lucas and
Jamroz 1961) The method of Kawahara et al (1991) was used for
determination of phagocytes activity (PA) and phagocytes index (PI)
Eight blood samples per treatment were also collected in heparinized
tubes at day 21 of age for determination of some biochemical
constituents Plasma was obtained by centrifugation of blood at 1509
g for 20 minutes and was stored at -20 Co for further analyses Plasma
glucose concentration (microgdl) was measured by the method of Trinder
(1969) using commercial kits (Diamoned Diagnostics) Total protein
(gdl) was measured by Weichselbaum (1946) Albumin concentration
(gdl) was determined according to the method of Doumas et al
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(1977) Globulin concentration (gdl) was estimated by subtraction of
albumin concentration from plasma total protein value according to
Coles (1974) Total plasma cholesterol (mgdl) was determined
according to the method of Watson (1960) The activity of alkaline
phosphatase (ALP) enzyme was assayed in plasma by the method of
Yan et al DGKC 1972) Total antioxidant capacity (micromoll) and
malondialdehyde (MDA micromolL) were determined according to
Koracevic et al (2001) and Richard et al (1992) respectively Plasma
T3 (nmolL) was determined according to the method of Young et al
(1975)
Statistical evaluation
Data were statistically analyzed using PROC ANOVA of
SASreg (SAS Institute 1996 Cary NC USA) Heat conditioning diet
and strains as well as all possible interaction were included in the
factorial model All the percentages were converted as log10 to
normalize data distribution Mean differences at P005 were tested
using the Tukey test (SAS 1996)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Productive performance
Thermal conditioning significantly decreased growth and
impaired FCR of broilers by 403 and 478 respectively only
during days 3-4 of age (Table 2) In addition TC had a significant
negative effect (12) on feed intake of broilers during days 3-4 and 1-
21 of age This result is in agreement with (Yahav 2000) who found
that the negative effect on BWG was coincided with a decrease in feed
intake and short life span of broiler chicks Similarly Attia et al
(1995) and (Saleh et al 1996 Yahav and Plavnik 1999) showing
adoption and compensatory growth the phenomena that are known to
occur after exposing animals to stress Protein regimen and genotype
had a significant effect on growth during days 3-4 and 1- 21 of age
The obtained data confirmed those reported by (Attia et al 2001)
who showed that feeding high PR significantly increased BWG during
days 1-21 of age showing higher protein requirements to fulfill higher
growth during early growth phase On the other hand protein regimen
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Table 1 Composition calculated and chemical analysis of the
experimental starter diets fed during days 1-21 of age
Ingredient Protein level
24 22
Yellow corn 49175 5528
Soybean meal (48) 38500 3300
Corn gluten meal 3000 300
Dicalcium phosphate 1800 183
Limestone 1300 135
NaCl 0400 040
Premix1 0300 030
DL-Methionine 0160 021
L-Lysine Hcl 0065 023
Vegetable oil 5300 440
Sand 0000 000
Total 100 100
Calculated2 and determined
3 chemical analysis
ME kcalkg 3098 3099
DM 8998 8683
CP 2 2408 2201
CP 3
2421 2266
Lysine 2
126 125
Methionine 2 055 057
SSA 2 093 093
Threonine 2 102 094
Arginine 2 169 154
Tryptophan 2
033 029
Calcium 2 101 102
Phosphorus available 2 048 048
Ash 3 682 684
1Vit+Min mixture provides (per kg diet) vitamin A (retinyl acetate) 24 mg vitamin E (dl--
tocopheryl acetate) 20 mg menadione 23 mg Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) 005 mg
riboflavin 55 mg calcium pantothenate 12 mg nicotinic acid 50 mg choline chloride 600
mg vitamin B12 10 microg vitamin B6 3 mg thiamine 3 mg folic acid 1 mg d-biotin 050 mg
Mn 80 mg Zn 60 mg Fe 35 mg Cu 8 mg Se 060 mg 2 Calculated according to NRC (1994) 3 Determined chemical composition according to (AOAC 1990)
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Table 2 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and broiler strain on body weight gain feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens
Body weight gain g Treatments
Days 1-21 3-4 d Days
Thermal condition1
521 788b
TC
524 132a
C
NS 00001 P value
322 0315 SEM
Protein regimen1
527a
110a
High
517b
101b
Standard
003 0046 P value
322 0315 SEM
Strain1
507 b
112 a
Hub
537 a
984 b
AA
00001 0006 P value
322 0315 SEM
Feed intake g chick period
Thermal condition2
664b
190b
TC
690a
216a
C
0004 00011 P value
629 0544 SEM
Protein regimen2
681 200 High
673 206 Standard
NS NS P value
629 0544 SEM
Strain2
671 208 Hub
683 198 AA
NS NS P value
629 0544 SEM
Feed conversion ratio g feedg gain
Thermal condition2
128 235a
TC
131 159b
C
NS 00001 P value
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Cont Table 2 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and broiler strain on body weight gain feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens
0013 0072 SEM
Protein regimen2
129 187 High
130 207 Standard
NS NS P value
0013 0072 SEM
Strain2
131 199 Hub
128 195 AA
NS NS P value
0 013 0072 SEM 1 Number of observation =256
2 Number of observation =32
abc Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are
significantly different Pgt 005 NS= Not significant TC=thermal conditioning C=Control
and genotype had no significant effect on FCR during days 1-21 of
age indicating that broilers chicks exhibited compensatory growth
There was a significant interaction between strain of broiler
TC and PR on BWG during days 3-4 and 1-21 of age (Table 3)
During days 3-4 of age under thermal conditions (C and TC) feeding
high PR significantly enhanced growth of only Hub broilers compared
to standard PR However high PR induced a detrimental effect on
growth of AA chicks under only TC During days 1-21 of age Hub
broilers responded similarly to different PR under C and TC however
high PR increased BWG of AA chicks under C but induced the
contrary effect under TC this indicated PR by strain interaction
Similarly Widyaratne and Drew (2011) indicated that low-protein
diets can support growth performance equal to high-protein diets In
the contrast there was no significant interaction in feed intake during
all tested periods (Table 3) There was a significant interaction in FCR
during days 1-21 of age FCR of the AA chicks exposed to control and
TC and fed high PR was significantly better FCR than Hub chicks on
the same treatments Broilers of both strains exposed to TC at day 3 of
age and fed standard PR had the best FCR during days 1-21 of age
Meanwhile under C condition feeding Hub standard PR and AA
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chicks high PR resulted in the best FCR with later strain produced
significantly better FCR than the Hub one These results indicated that
the response of productive performance of broilers chicks to PR
depends on TC and broiler genotype
Biochemical constituents of blood plasma
Total plasma protein albumen globulin glucose alkaline
phosphatase cholesterol and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) at day
21 of age were not significantly affected (Table 4) However MDA at
day 21 of age was significantly higher of TC groups than that of C
These results are similar to those reported by Yahav and McMurtry
(2001) and Requena et al (2010) who indicated that the effect of TC
depends on the severity and length of heat exposure (Attia et al
2011) In addition TC lowered significantly plasma T3 and plasma
globulin-albumin ratio than the C group
Protein regimen significantly affected only plasma albumin
globulin and globulinndashalbumin ratio glucose and MDA at day 21 of
age where high PR resulted in higher plasma albumin glucose and
MDA than the corresponding values obtained of the standard PR
Meanwhile the contrary was shown in the globulin and globulin-
albumin ratio
Genotype had only a significant impact on plasma globulin-
albumin ratio where AA chicks exhibited lower value than the Hub
one There was no significant interaction between strain of broilers
thermal conditioning and CP regimen on biochemical constituents of
blood plasma mentioned before (Table 5)
Blood hematological constituents
Thermal conditioning had a significant negative effect only on
lymphocyte and esinophil (Table 6) Meanwhile the contrary was
shown in the basophil Dietary PR had no significant effect on most of
blood hematological constituents except for basophil and PI at day 21
of age Feeding high PR resulted in higher basophils and PI than
those of standard regimen The relationship between disease control
and nutritional regimen was recently reviewed (Lister 2010) In
agreement with the present results chicks fed high PR resulted in
higher persistency in antibody production at days 10 and 15 after
inoculation with sheep red blood cells than those fed the 19 CP
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group (Praharaj et al 1998 Melo et al 1998) and supplementation
with methionine and choline significantly improved cellular and
humoral immune response (Swain and Johri 2000) Arbor acres
strain had significantly higher WBCs lymphocytes and esinophil than
Hub strain Meanwhile the contrary was shown in basophil and
heterophil
There was no significant interaction between strains of
broilers TC and PR on most of blood hematological at day 21 of age
(Table 7) expect for phagocytes activity Hub chicks exposed to C
and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain exposed to TC and fed the same diet The AA chicks exposed to
TC and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain kept on C and fed high and standard PR Meanwhile Hub
chicks exposed to TC and fed high PR had significantly lower PA than
that of AA chicks on the same treatments However Hub chicks
exposed to C and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of
AA chicks on the same treatments These findings indicated different
genetic potential between the two strains under investigation which
may be ascribed to variations in genetic makeup (Rosa et al 2007
Benyi et al 2009 Abdullah et al 2010 Yakubu et al 2010)
It could be concluded that broilers exposed to TC and fed
standard PR exhibited compensatory growth suggesting that TC and
standard PR may be suitable management tool to improve chickens
tolerance to heat stress late in life particularly in high temperature
regions
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Abdullah Y A N AAl-Beitawi M M SRjoup R I Qudsieh
and M A A Ishmais 2010 Growth performance carcass and
meat quality characteristics of different commercial crosses of
broiler strains of chicken J Poul Sci 4713-21
Arjona A D Denbow and W Weaver 1990 Neonatally-induced
thermotolerance Physiological responses Comp Bio-chem
Physiol 95A393ndash399
Association Of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990 Official
Methods of Analysis Association of Analytical Chemists 15th
Ed Washington DC USA
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Attia Y A S A Abd El-Rahman and E M A Qota 2001 Effects of microbial phytase with or without cell-wall splitting
enzymes on the performance of broilers fed suboptimum levels
of dietary protein and metaboilzable energy Egyptian Poult Sci
J 21 521-547
Attia Y A M Barbara Dora Bohmer and A Roth-Maier 2006 Responded of broiler chicks raised under constant relatively
high ambient temperature to enzymes amino acid
supplementations or a high-nutrient diet Archive fur
Geflugelkunde 70 80-91
Attia Y A R A Hassan A E Tag El-Din and B M Abou-
Shehema 2011 Effect of ascorbic acid or increasing
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some essential amino acids on productive and physiological
traits of slow-growing chicks exposed to chronic heat stress J
Anim Phys Anim Nutr in press early view
Attia Y A Mona Osman El-Samra Abou-Egla and A A
Eldeek 1995 Response of growth feed conversion and
carcass characteristics of broiler chicks to feed restriction
methods time and diet quality Mansoura J Agri Sci
203261-3282
Benyi K OAcheampong-Boateng DNorris MMathoho and
MSMikasi 2009 The response of Ross 308 and Hybro broiler
chickens to early and late skip-a-day feed restriction Tropical
Anim Health and Prod 41 1707-1713
Cahaner A YPinchasov INir and ZNitsan 1995 Effects of
dietary protein under high ambient temperature on body weight
breast meat yield and abdominal fat deposition of broiler stocks
differing in growth rate and fatness Poult Sci 74 968 ndash 975
Coles E H 1974 Veterinary clinical pathology pp 211-213 W B
Saunder Company Philadelphia London Toronto
Combination of vaccination and competitive exclusion to
prevent Salmonella colonization in chickens experimental
studies Inter J Food Microbial 4935-42
Daghir N2008 Nutrient requirements of poultry at high temperature
In Poultry production in hot climates (Daghir N J editor) 2nd
edition CAB International UK
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Dale N M and H LFuller 1979 Effects of diet composition on
feed intake and growth of chicks under heat stress 1 Dietary fat
levels Poult Sci 581529 -1534
Deaton JW FN Reece SL Branton and JD May 1986 High
environmental temperature and broiler livability Poult Sci
651268-1269
De BasilioV MVilarino S Yahav and M Picard 2001 Early-
age thermal conditioning and a dual feeding program for male
broilers challenged by heat stress Poult Sci 8029-36
Doumas B T D Watson and H G Biggs 1977 Albumin
standards and the measurement of blood albumin with
bromocisol green Clin Chem Acta 3187-96
Eilers R J 1967 Notification of final adoption of an international
method and standard olution for hemoglobinometry
specifications for preparation of a standard solution Amer J
Clin Path 47 212-214
Hepler O E 1966 Manual of clinical laboratory methods Thomas
sparing field Illinois USA
Kawahara E T Ueda and S Nomura 1991 In vitro phagocytic
activity of white spotted shark cells after injection with
Aeromonas salmonicida extracelluar products Gyobyo
Kenkyu Japan 26 213-214
Koracevic D G Koracevic V Djordjevic S Andrejevic and V
Cosic 2001 Method for the measurement of antioxidant
activity in human fluids J Clin Pathol 54356-361
Lin H H C Jiao J Buyse and E Decuypere 2006 Strategies for
preventing heat stress in poultry Worlds Poult Sci J 62 71-
85
Lister S A 2010 Poultry diseases ndash their control and effects on
nutritional requirements Worlds Poult Sci J 66 633-638
Lucas A M and C Jamroz 1961 Atlas of Avian Hematology
Agriculture Monograph 25 USDA Washington DC USA
Melo J G Mallo C Campelletti E Villar M C Miquel and F
Hoffman 1998 Influence of two different protein content diets
and two broiler strains on antibody production Revista de
Medicina Veterinaria (Buenos Aires) 79169minus171
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Musharaf NA and J D Latshaw 1999 Heat increment as
affected by protein and amino acid nutrition Worldrsquos PoultSci
J 55 233-239
National Research Council (NRC) 1994 Nutrient requirement of
poultry 9th
revised Edn National Academy Press Washington
DC USA
Praharaj N K S V Ramarao M R Reddy G Shyam-Sunder
and B L N Reddy 1998 Sire by protein interactions for
growth feed efficiency and immunoresponsiveness in coloured
broilers Indian J Anim Sci 681065-1067
Requena F V De Basilio Y Oliveros E Saume A Mendez D
Fung J Marquina and D Bastianelli 2010 Tuning
environmental parameters to maximize efficiency of early
thermal conditioning in broilers XIIIth European Poultry
Conference 2704-2708
Richard M J B Portal J Meo C Coudray A Hadjian and A
Favier 1992 Malondialdehyde kit evaluated for determining
plasma and lipoprotein fractions that react with thiobarbituric
acid Clin Chem 38 704-709
Rosa P S D E Faria Filho F Dahlke B S Vieira M Macari
and R L Fulan 2007 Effect of Energy Intake on performance
and carcass composition of broiler chickens from two different
genetic groups BrazJ PoultSci 9117-122
Saleh K Y A Attia and H Younis 1996 Effect of feed restriction
and breed on compensatory growth abdominal fat and some
production traits of broiler chicks Archiv Fuumlr Gefluumlgelkunde
60 (4)153-159
SAS Institute (1996) SASreg
Userrsquos Guide Statistics Version 6 Edn
SAS Institute Inc Cary NC USA
Swain B K and T S Johri 2000 Effect of supplemental
methionine choline and their combinations on the performance
and immune of broilers Br Poult Sci 4183-88
Teeter R G 1994Optimizing production of heat stressed broilers
Poult Dig 2610ndash24
Teeter RG MO Smith FN Owens and SC Arp 1985
Chronic Heat Stress and Respiratory Alkalosis Occurrence and
treatment in broiler chicks Poult Sci 64 1060-1064
8
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Temim S A M Chagneau S Guillaumein J Mitchel R
Peresson and S Tesseraud 2000 Does excess dietary Protein
improve growth performance and characteristics in heat exposed
chickens Poult Sci 79 312 ndash 317
Trinder P 1969 Determination of glucose in blood using glucose
oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor Annals of Clin
Biochem 6 24-26
US National Climatic Data Center 2008 Global warming frequently
asked questions 2008
httpwwwncdcnoaagovoaclimateglobalwarminghtml
Watson D 1960 A simple method for determination of serum
cholesterol Clin Chem Acta 5 637-643
Weichselbaum TE 1946 An accurate and rapid methode for
determination of proteins in small amount of blood serum and
plasma Am J Clin Pathol 16 40ndash48
Widyaratne G P and M D Drew 2011 Effects of protein level
and digestibility on the growth and carcass characteristics of
broiler chickens Poult Sci 90595-603
Yahav S 2000 Domestic fowl-Strategies to confront environmental
conditions Avian and Poult Biol Rev 1181-95
Yahav S and JP McMurtry 2001 Thermotolerance acquisition
in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life-the
effect of timing and ambient temperature Poult Sci 12 1662-
1666
Yahav S and I Plavnik 1999 Effect of early ndash age thermal
conditioning and food restriction on performance and thermo-
tolerance of male broiler chickens Br Poult Sci 40 120 ndash
126
Yakubu A J A Ayoade and Y M Dahiru 2010 Effects of
genotype and population density on growth performance
carcass characteristics and cost-benefits of broiler chickens in
north central Nigeria Trop Anim Health and Prod 42 719-
727
Yan F JH Kersey CA Fritts PW Waldroup H L Stilborn
RC Jr Crumm and DW Rice (DGKC) 1972 Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuumlr Klinische
Chemie Z Klin Chimerical und Klinical Biochemsirty
10182
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Young DS CL Pestaner and U Gilberman 1975 Effects of
drugs on clinical laboratory tests Clin Chem 21 3660
الملخص العربي
للتقسة الحرارة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد التعرض وم 12حتى عمر ونظام البروتن الغذائ
2ولد شعبان حبش ndash 1ريسام اجا - 2وسف عبد الوهاب عطة-2ولد الطحاوي
جامعة دمنهور ndashكلة الزراعة ndash قسم االنتاج الحوان والداجن 1 اثنا-جامعة جورجا ndashقسم علوم الدواجن 2
أجرت هذه التجربة بهدف دراسة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد
األقتصادة وهرمون البروتن الغذائ عل الصفاتالتعرض للتقسة الحرارة ونظام تم استخدام ومكونات الدم البوكماوة والهماتولوجة الثروكسن ف بالزما الدم
كتكوت من ساللة الهابرد و نفس العدد من ساللة االربوراكرز وتم توزعهم 256تقسة حرارة ) تعرض 2نظام بروتن غذائ 2معامالت ) 8عشوائا عل ساعة عند 24 لمدة 77م ورطوبة ordm 373لكتاكت لدرجة حرارة مجموعة من ا
م ورطوبة نسبة 33أام ثم العودة ال درجة الحرارة والرطوبة الطبعة ) 3عمر وكان نظام من كل ساللة ( 45م ورطوبة نسبة ordm 33( وأخري كنترول )45
( أو قاس 24عال )وم 21عمر البروتن المتبع ف عالئق البادئ حتى(22)
أام إل انخفاض معدل 3تعرض الكتاكت ال التقسة الحرارة عند عمر أدى وم من العمر( 4-3النمو وكذلك سوء الكفاءة الغذائة خالل فترة التقسة الحرارة )
وم كان هناك تشابه ف 21-1مقارنة بمجموعة الكنترول أما خالل الفترة من عمر كما أظهرت النتائج انخفاض مستوي هرمون الثروكسن لكفاءة الغذائةمعدل النمو وا
وم للمجامع المعرضه للتقسة الحرارة مقارنة 21ف بالزما الدم عند عمر بالكنترول
4-3أدى نظام البروتن الغذائ المرتفع ال زادة معدل النمو فقط خالل فترة من ة مستوي االلبومن والجلوكوز والمالونالدهد وم من العمروكذلك زاد 21-1اام و
والكرات الدم القاعدة والدلل المناع ف بالزما الدم ولكن انخفضت النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن ف بالزما الدم أما بالنسبة لتأثر التركب الوراث فكانت هناك
ة والفسولوجة حث تفوقت ساللة العدد من التأثرات الواضحة ف اإلستجابة اإلنتاجوم وعدد كرات الدم البضاء 21-1االربوركرز ف الصفات االنتاجة ف الفترة من
وكرات الدم الحامضة عن ساللة الهابرد الت كانت متفوقة ف النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن وكرات الدم القاعدة والخلطة
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
ن الساللة والتقسة الحرارة ونظام البروتن الغذائ وقد ظهر تداخل معنوي بوم من العمر وكذلك معدل 21-1اام والفترة من 4-3عل معدل النمو خالل الفترة وم من العمر وكذلك النشاط البلعم 21-1التحول الغذائ ف الفترة من
قاس عتبران أداة مما سبق تضح أن التقسة الحرارة و نظام البروتن الغذائ المناسبة لمعاملة دجاج اللحم ف المناطق المرتفعة ف درجات الحرارة والمماثلة لظروف
تلك المنطقة الت أجرت بها
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
97
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Feed and protein intakes as well as protein synthesis and
breakdown were negatively affected by heat stress (Daghir 2008 Lin
et al 2006) and protein synthesis is more affected than protein
breakdown leading to reduce protein deposition that cannot be
restored by high dietary protein (Temim et al 2000) Furthermore
growth rate is suppressed by high levels of dietary protein (Cahaner et
al 1995) and may not are not necessarily increased (Attia et al
2011) under high ambient temperatures Feeding increased protein
could rather be more detrimental to the heat-stressed birds due to the
higher heat increment associated with protein metabolism besides
dietary proteinamino acids also affects protein turnover resulting in
more metabolic heat production (Musharaf and Latshaw 1999) This
study aimed to study compensatory growth of two strains of broilers
following thermal conditioning and crude protein regimen up to day
21 of life
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Birds and Design
A total of 256 chicks from Hubbard (Hub) strain and equal
number of Arbor Acres (AA) chicks at one-day of age were randomly
distributed keeping approximately equal initial body weight in
factorial experimental design among 8 treatment groups (2 protein
regimen by 2 thermal conditions by two strains of broilers)
The dietary CP treatments were 24 CP with 3098 kcal ME kg
from day 1 to 21 of age [High protein regimen] and 22 CP with
3099 kcal ME kg from day 1 to 21 of age [Standard protein regimen]
The composition of the experimental diets and their chemical analysis
are shown in Table 1 The experimental diets were formulated based
on NRC (1994) At day 3 chickens in each CP regimen were divided
into two groups in which one group was exposed to thermal
conditioning (TC) at 373ordm C and 70 RH for 24 h and returned to
control conditions (33 ordm C and 45 RH) condition The other was
unexposed Each treatment was replicated 4 times of 8 chicks each
Management
Chicks were housed in battery brooders from day 1 till 21 days
Feed and water were offered ad libitum Chicks were provided with
97
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
24 hr of light during day 1 to 3 of age and 23 1 light dark cycle
thereafter Chickens were vaccinated with Hitchiner + IB Influenza
H5 N2 and Gumboro at days 8 11 and 13 of age respectively
Data Collection
Birds were weighed (g) individually at days 1 3 4 and 21 of age
during the experimental period Feed intake was recorded at 3 4 and
21 days according to the replicate-feeding system followed in the
present work and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated
Blood hematological were determined using 8 samples per treatment
at day 21 of age Hemoglobin concentration (Hgb) was determined as
gdL by the cyanomethemoglobin procedure (Eilers 1967)
Heparinized blood was used for determination of packed cell volume
(PCV) using Wintrobe hematocrit tubes Blood samples were
centrifuged for 20 min at 4000 rpm then PCV values were obtained by
reading the PCV on the graduated hematocrit tubes Red blood cells
(RBCs) were counted on an Ao bright line hemocytometer using light
microscope at 400x magnification Blood samples were diluted 200
times with physiological saline solution before counting White blood
cells (WBCs) were counted on an Ao bright line hemocytometer
using a light microscope at 100x magnification after diluting the blood
samples 20 times with a dilution fluid (3ml glacial acetic acid + 97 ml
distilled water + Lushman stain) according to Hepler (1966)
Differential leukocyte counts were examined in each blood film by
using light microscope with 1000 x magnification power A thin blood
film was prepared by using a small drop of blood The blood film was
completely dried before staining using Giemsa stain The film was
washed in distilled water and dried The number of any individual
type of WBCs was expressed as a percentage of the total (Lucas and
Jamroz 1961) The method of Kawahara et al (1991) was used for
determination of phagocytes activity (PA) and phagocytes index (PI)
Eight blood samples per treatment were also collected in heparinized
tubes at day 21 of age for determination of some biochemical
constituents Plasma was obtained by centrifugation of blood at 1509
g for 20 minutes and was stored at -20 Co for further analyses Plasma
glucose concentration (microgdl) was measured by the method of Trinder
(1969) using commercial kits (Diamoned Diagnostics) Total protein
(gdl) was measured by Weichselbaum (1946) Albumin concentration
(gdl) was determined according to the method of Doumas et al
97
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
(1977) Globulin concentration (gdl) was estimated by subtraction of
albumin concentration from plasma total protein value according to
Coles (1974) Total plasma cholesterol (mgdl) was determined
according to the method of Watson (1960) The activity of alkaline
phosphatase (ALP) enzyme was assayed in plasma by the method of
Yan et al DGKC 1972) Total antioxidant capacity (micromoll) and
malondialdehyde (MDA micromolL) were determined according to
Koracevic et al (2001) and Richard et al (1992) respectively Plasma
T3 (nmolL) was determined according to the method of Young et al
(1975)
Statistical evaluation
Data were statistically analyzed using PROC ANOVA of
SASreg (SAS Institute 1996 Cary NC USA) Heat conditioning diet
and strains as well as all possible interaction were included in the
factorial model All the percentages were converted as log10 to
normalize data distribution Mean differences at P005 were tested
using the Tukey test (SAS 1996)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Productive performance
Thermal conditioning significantly decreased growth and
impaired FCR of broilers by 403 and 478 respectively only
during days 3-4 of age (Table 2) In addition TC had a significant
negative effect (12) on feed intake of broilers during days 3-4 and 1-
21 of age This result is in agreement with (Yahav 2000) who found
that the negative effect on BWG was coincided with a decrease in feed
intake and short life span of broiler chicks Similarly Attia et al
(1995) and (Saleh et al 1996 Yahav and Plavnik 1999) showing
adoption and compensatory growth the phenomena that are known to
occur after exposing animals to stress Protein regimen and genotype
had a significant effect on growth during days 3-4 and 1- 21 of age
The obtained data confirmed those reported by (Attia et al 2001)
who showed that feeding high PR significantly increased BWG during
days 1-21 of age showing higher protein requirements to fulfill higher
growth during early growth phase On the other hand protein regimen
97
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Table 1 Composition calculated and chemical analysis of the
experimental starter diets fed during days 1-21 of age
Ingredient Protein level
24 22
Yellow corn 49175 5528
Soybean meal (48) 38500 3300
Corn gluten meal 3000 300
Dicalcium phosphate 1800 183
Limestone 1300 135
NaCl 0400 040
Premix1 0300 030
DL-Methionine 0160 021
L-Lysine Hcl 0065 023
Vegetable oil 5300 440
Sand 0000 000
Total 100 100
Calculated2 and determined
3 chemical analysis
ME kcalkg 3098 3099
DM 8998 8683
CP 2 2408 2201
CP 3
2421 2266
Lysine 2
126 125
Methionine 2 055 057
SSA 2 093 093
Threonine 2 102 094
Arginine 2 169 154
Tryptophan 2
033 029
Calcium 2 101 102
Phosphorus available 2 048 048
Ash 3 682 684
1Vit+Min mixture provides (per kg diet) vitamin A (retinyl acetate) 24 mg vitamin E (dl--
tocopheryl acetate) 20 mg menadione 23 mg Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) 005 mg
riboflavin 55 mg calcium pantothenate 12 mg nicotinic acid 50 mg choline chloride 600
mg vitamin B12 10 microg vitamin B6 3 mg thiamine 3 mg folic acid 1 mg d-biotin 050 mg
Mn 80 mg Zn 60 mg Fe 35 mg Cu 8 mg Se 060 mg 2 Calculated according to NRC (1994) 3 Determined chemical composition according to (AOAC 1990)
97
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Table 2 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and broiler strain on body weight gain feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens
Body weight gain g Treatments
Days 1-21 3-4 d Days
Thermal condition1
521 788b
TC
524 132a
C
NS 00001 P value
322 0315 SEM
Protein regimen1
527a
110a
High
517b
101b
Standard
003 0046 P value
322 0315 SEM
Strain1
507 b
112 a
Hub
537 a
984 b
AA
00001 0006 P value
322 0315 SEM
Feed intake g chick period
Thermal condition2
664b
190b
TC
690a
216a
C
0004 00011 P value
629 0544 SEM
Protein regimen2
681 200 High
673 206 Standard
NS NS P value
629 0544 SEM
Strain2
671 208 Hub
683 198 AA
NS NS P value
629 0544 SEM
Feed conversion ratio g feedg gain
Thermal condition2
128 235a
TC
131 159b
C
NS 00001 P value
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Cont Table 2 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and broiler strain on body weight gain feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens
0013 0072 SEM
Protein regimen2
129 187 High
130 207 Standard
NS NS P value
0013 0072 SEM
Strain2
131 199 Hub
128 195 AA
NS NS P value
0 013 0072 SEM 1 Number of observation =256
2 Number of observation =32
abc Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are
significantly different Pgt 005 NS= Not significant TC=thermal conditioning C=Control
and genotype had no significant effect on FCR during days 1-21 of
age indicating that broilers chicks exhibited compensatory growth
There was a significant interaction between strain of broiler
TC and PR on BWG during days 3-4 and 1-21 of age (Table 3)
During days 3-4 of age under thermal conditions (C and TC) feeding
high PR significantly enhanced growth of only Hub broilers compared
to standard PR However high PR induced a detrimental effect on
growth of AA chicks under only TC During days 1-21 of age Hub
broilers responded similarly to different PR under C and TC however
high PR increased BWG of AA chicks under C but induced the
contrary effect under TC this indicated PR by strain interaction
Similarly Widyaratne and Drew (2011) indicated that low-protein
diets can support growth performance equal to high-protein diets In
the contrast there was no significant interaction in feed intake during
all tested periods (Table 3) There was a significant interaction in FCR
during days 1-21 of age FCR of the AA chicks exposed to control and
TC and fed high PR was significantly better FCR than Hub chicks on
the same treatments Broilers of both strains exposed to TC at day 3 of
age and fed standard PR had the best FCR during days 1-21 of age
Meanwhile under C condition feeding Hub standard PR and AA
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
99
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
chicks high PR resulted in the best FCR with later strain produced
significantly better FCR than the Hub one These results indicated that
the response of productive performance of broilers chicks to PR
depends on TC and broiler genotype
Biochemical constituents of blood plasma
Total plasma protein albumen globulin glucose alkaline
phosphatase cholesterol and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) at day
21 of age were not significantly affected (Table 4) However MDA at
day 21 of age was significantly higher of TC groups than that of C
These results are similar to those reported by Yahav and McMurtry
(2001) and Requena et al (2010) who indicated that the effect of TC
depends on the severity and length of heat exposure (Attia et al
2011) In addition TC lowered significantly plasma T3 and plasma
globulin-albumin ratio than the C group
Protein regimen significantly affected only plasma albumin
globulin and globulinndashalbumin ratio glucose and MDA at day 21 of
age where high PR resulted in higher plasma albumin glucose and
MDA than the corresponding values obtained of the standard PR
Meanwhile the contrary was shown in the globulin and globulin-
albumin ratio
Genotype had only a significant impact on plasma globulin-
albumin ratio where AA chicks exhibited lower value than the Hub
one There was no significant interaction between strain of broilers
thermal conditioning and CP regimen on biochemical constituents of
blood plasma mentioned before (Table 5)
Blood hematological constituents
Thermal conditioning had a significant negative effect only on
lymphocyte and esinophil (Table 6) Meanwhile the contrary was
shown in the basophil Dietary PR had no significant effect on most of
blood hematological constituents except for basophil and PI at day 21
of age Feeding high PR resulted in higher basophils and PI than
those of standard regimen The relationship between disease control
and nutritional regimen was recently reviewed (Lister 2010) In
agreement with the present results chicks fed high PR resulted in
higher persistency in antibody production at days 10 and 15 after
inoculation with sheep red blood cells than those fed the 19 CP
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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group (Praharaj et al 1998 Melo et al 1998) and supplementation
with methionine and choline significantly improved cellular and
humoral immune response (Swain and Johri 2000) Arbor acres
strain had significantly higher WBCs lymphocytes and esinophil than
Hub strain Meanwhile the contrary was shown in basophil and
heterophil
There was no significant interaction between strains of
broilers TC and PR on most of blood hematological at day 21 of age
(Table 7) expect for phagocytes activity Hub chicks exposed to C
and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain exposed to TC and fed the same diet The AA chicks exposed to
TC and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain kept on C and fed high and standard PR Meanwhile Hub
chicks exposed to TC and fed high PR had significantly lower PA than
that of AA chicks on the same treatments However Hub chicks
exposed to C and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of
AA chicks on the same treatments These findings indicated different
genetic potential between the two strains under investigation which
may be ascribed to variations in genetic makeup (Rosa et al 2007
Benyi et al 2009 Abdullah et al 2010 Yakubu et al 2010)
It could be concluded that broilers exposed to TC and fed
standard PR exhibited compensatory growth suggesting that TC and
standard PR may be suitable management tool to improve chickens
tolerance to heat stress late in life particularly in high temperature
regions
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and M A A Ishmais 2010 Growth performance carcass and
meat quality characteristics of different commercial crosses of
broiler strains of chicken J Poul Sci 4713-21
Arjona A D Denbow and W Weaver 1990 Neonatally-induced
thermotolerance Physiological responses Comp Bio-chem
Physiol 95A393ndash399
Association Of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990 Official
Methods of Analysis Association of Analytical Chemists 15th
Ed Washington DC USA
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Attia Y A S A Abd El-Rahman and E M A Qota 2001 Effects of microbial phytase with or without cell-wall splitting
enzymes on the performance of broilers fed suboptimum levels
of dietary protein and metaboilzable energy Egyptian Poult Sci
J 21 521-547
Attia Y A M Barbara Dora Bohmer and A Roth-Maier 2006 Responded of broiler chicks raised under constant relatively
high ambient temperature to enzymes amino acid
supplementations or a high-nutrient diet Archive fur
Geflugelkunde 70 80-91
Attia Y A R A Hassan A E Tag El-Din and B M Abou-
Shehema 2011 Effect of ascorbic acid or increasing
metabolizable energy level with or without supplementation of
some essential amino acids on productive and physiological
traits of slow-growing chicks exposed to chronic heat stress J
Anim Phys Anim Nutr in press early view
Attia Y A Mona Osman El-Samra Abou-Egla and A A
Eldeek 1995 Response of growth feed conversion and
carcass characteristics of broiler chicks to feed restriction
methods time and diet quality Mansoura J Agri Sci
203261-3282
Benyi K OAcheampong-Boateng DNorris MMathoho and
MSMikasi 2009 The response of Ross 308 and Hybro broiler
chickens to early and late skip-a-day feed restriction Tropical
Anim Health and Prod 41 1707-1713
Cahaner A YPinchasov INir and ZNitsan 1995 Effects of
dietary protein under high ambient temperature on body weight
breast meat yield and abdominal fat deposition of broiler stocks
differing in growth rate and fatness Poult Sci 74 968 ndash 975
Coles E H 1974 Veterinary clinical pathology pp 211-213 W B
Saunder Company Philadelphia London Toronto
Combination of vaccination and competitive exclusion to
prevent Salmonella colonization in chickens experimental
studies Inter J Food Microbial 4935-42
Daghir N2008 Nutrient requirements of poultry at high temperature
In Poultry production in hot climates (Daghir N J editor) 2nd
edition CAB International UK
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Dale N M and H LFuller 1979 Effects of diet composition on
feed intake and growth of chicks under heat stress 1 Dietary fat
levels Poult Sci 581529 -1534
Deaton JW FN Reece SL Branton and JD May 1986 High
environmental temperature and broiler livability Poult Sci
651268-1269
De BasilioV MVilarino S Yahav and M Picard 2001 Early-
age thermal conditioning and a dual feeding program for male
broilers challenged by heat stress Poult Sci 8029-36
Doumas B T D Watson and H G Biggs 1977 Albumin
standards and the measurement of blood albumin with
bromocisol green Clin Chem Acta 3187-96
Eilers R J 1967 Notification of final adoption of an international
method and standard olution for hemoglobinometry
specifications for preparation of a standard solution Amer J
Clin Path 47 212-214
Hepler O E 1966 Manual of clinical laboratory methods Thomas
sparing field Illinois USA
Kawahara E T Ueda and S Nomura 1991 In vitro phagocytic
activity of white spotted shark cells after injection with
Aeromonas salmonicida extracelluar products Gyobyo
Kenkyu Japan 26 213-214
Koracevic D G Koracevic V Djordjevic S Andrejevic and V
Cosic 2001 Method for the measurement of antioxidant
activity in human fluids J Clin Pathol 54356-361
Lin H H C Jiao J Buyse and E Decuypere 2006 Strategies for
preventing heat stress in poultry Worlds Poult Sci J 62 71-
85
Lister S A 2010 Poultry diseases ndash their control and effects on
nutritional requirements Worlds Poult Sci J 66 633-638
Lucas A M and C Jamroz 1961 Atlas of Avian Hematology
Agriculture Monograph 25 USDA Washington DC USA
Melo J G Mallo C Campelletti E Villar M C Miquel and F
Hoffman 1998 Influence of two different protein content diets
and two broiler strains on antibody production Revista de
Medicina Veterinaria (Buenos Aires) 79169minus171
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Musharaf NA and J D Latshaw 1999 Heat increment as
affected by protein and amino acid nutrition Worldrsquos PoultSci
J 55 233-239
National Research Council (NRC) 1994 Nutrient requirement of
poultry 9th
revised Edn National Academy Press Washington
DC USA
Praharaj N K S V Ramarao M R Reddy G Shyam-Sunder
and B L N Reddy 1998 Sire by protein interactions for
growth feed efficiency and immunoresponsiveness in coloured
broilers Indian J Anim Sci 681065-1067
Requena F V De Basilio Y Oliveros E Saume A Mendez D
Fung J Marquina and D Bastianelli 2010 Tuning
environmental parameters to maximize efficiency of early
thermal conditioning in broilers XIIIth European Poultry
Conference 2704-2708
Richard M J B Portal J Meo C Coudray A Hadjian and A
Favier 1992 Malondialdehyde kit evaluated for determining
plasma and lipoprotein fractions that react with thiobarbituric
acid Clin Chem 38 704-709
Rosa P S D E Faria Filho F Dahlke B S Vieira M Macari
and R L Fulan 2007 Effect of Energy Intake on performance
and carcass composition of broiler chickens from two different
genetic groups BrazJ PoultSci 9117-122
Saleh K Y A Attia and H Younis 1996 Effect of feed restriction
and breed on compensatory growth abdominal fat and some
production traits of broiler chicks Archiv Fuumlr Gefluumlgelkunde
60 (4)153-159
SAS Institute (1996) SASreg
Userrsquos Guide Statistics Version 6 Edn
SAS Institute Inc Cary NC USA
Swain B K and T S Johri 2000 Effect of supplemental
methionine choline and their combinations on the performance
and immune of broilers Br Poult Sci 4183-88
Teeter R G 1994Optimizing production of heat stressed broilers
Poult Dig 2610ndash24
Teeter RG MO Smith FN Owens and SC Arp 1985
Chronic Heat Stress and Respiratory Alkalosis Occurrence and
treatment in broiler chicks Poult Sci 64 1060-1064
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Temim S A M Chagneau S Guillaumein J Mitchel R
Peresson and S Tesseraud 2000 Does excess dietary Protein
improve growth performance and characteristics in heat exposed
chickens Poult Sci 79 312 ndash 317
Trinder P 1969 Determination of glucose in blood using glucose
oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor Annals of Clin
Biochem 6 24-26
US National Climatic Data Center 2008 Global warming frequently
asked questions 2008
httpwwwncdcnoaagovoaclimateglobalwarminghtml
Watson D 1960 A simple method for determination of serum
cholesterol Clin Chem Acta 5 637-643
Weichselbaum TE 1946 An accurate and rapid methode for
determination of proteins in small amount of blood serum and
plasma Am J Clin Pathol 16 40ndash48
Widyaratne G P and M D Drew 2011 Effects of protein level
and digestibility on the growth and carcass characteristics of
broiler chickens Poult Sci 90595-603
Yahav S 2000 Domestic fowl-Strategies to confront environmental
conditions Avian and Poult Biol Rev 1181-95
Yahav S and JP McMurtry 2001 Thermotolerance acquisition
in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life-the
effect of timing and ambient temperature Poult Sci 12 1662-
1666
Yahav S and I Plavnik 1999 Effect of early ndash age thermal
conditioning and food restriction on performance and thermo-
tolerance of male broiler chickens Br Poult Sci 40 120 ndash
126
Yakubu A J A Ayoade and Y M Dahiru 2010 Effects of
genotype and population density on growth performance
carcass characteristics and cost-benefits of broiler chickens in
north central Nigeria Trop Anim Health and Prod 42 719-
727
Yan F JH Kersey CA Fritts PW Waldroup H L Stilborn
RC Jr Crumm and DW Rice (DGKC) 1972 Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuumlr Klinische
Chemie Z Klin Chimerical und Klinical Biochemsirty
10182
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Young DS CL Pestaner and U Gilberman 1975 Effects of
drugs on clinical laboratory tests Clin Chem 21 3660
الملخص العربي
للتقسة الحرارة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد التعرض وم 12حتى عمر ونظام البروتن الغذائ
2ولد شعبان حبش ndash 1ريسام اجا - 2وسف عبد الوهاب عطة-2ولد الطحاوي
جامعة دمنهور ndashكلة الزراعة ndash قسم االنتاج الحوان والداجن 1 اثنا-جامعة جورجا ndashقسم علوم الدواجن 2
أجرت هذه التجربة بهدف دراسة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد
األقتصادة وهرمون البروتن الغذائ عل الصفاتالتعرض للتقسة الحرارة ونظام تم استخدام ومكونات الدم البوكماوة والهماتولوجة الثروكسن ف بالزما الدم
كتكوت من ساللة الهابرد و نفس العدد من ساللة االربوراكرز وتم توزعهم 256تقسة حرارة ) تعرض 2نظام بروتن غذائ 2معامالت ) 8عشوائا عل ساعة عند 24 لمدة 77م ورطوبة ordm 373لكتاكت لدرجة حرارة مجموعة من ا
م ورطوبة نسبة 33أام ثم العودة ال درجة الحرارة والرطوبة الطبعة ) 3عمر وكان نظام من كل ساللة ( 45م ورطوبة نسبة ordm 33( وأخري كنترول )45
( أو قاس 24عال )وم 21عمر البروتن المتبع ف عالئق البادئ حتى(22)
أام إل انخفاض معدل 3تعرض الكتاكت ال التقسة الحرارة عند عمر أدى وم من العمر( 4-3النمو وكذلك سوء الكفاءة الغذائة خالل فترة التقسة الحرارة )
وم كان هناك تشابه ف 21-1مقارنة بمجموعة الكنترول أما خالل الفترة من عمر كما أظهرت النتائج انخفاض مستوي هرمون الثروكسن لكفاءة الغذائةمعدل النمو وا
وم للمجامع المعرضه للتقسة الحرارة مقارنة 21ف بالزما الدم عند عمر بالكنترول
4-3أدى نظام البروتن الغذائ المرتفع ال زادة معدل النمو فقط خالل فترة من ة مستوي االلبومن والجلوكوز والمالونالدهد وم من العمروكذلك زاد 21-1اام و
والكرات الدم القاعدة والدلل المناع ف بالزما الدم ولكن انخفضت النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن ف بالزما الدم أما بالنسبة لتأثر التركب الوراث فكانت هناك
ة والفسولوجة حث تفوقت ساللة العدد من التأثرات الواضحة ف اإلستجابة اإلنتاجوم وعدد كرات الدم البضاء 21-1االربوركرز ف الصفات االنتاجة ف الفترة من
وكرات الدم الحامضة عن ساللة الهابرد الت كانت متفوقة ف النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن وكرات الدم القاعدة والخلطة
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
ن الساللة والتقسة الحرارة ونظام البروتن الغذائ وقد ظهر تداخل معنوي بوم من العمر وكذلك معدل 21-1اام والفترة من 4-3عل معدل النمو خالل الفترة وم من العمر وكذلك النشاط البلعم 21-1التحول الغذائ ف الفترة من
قاس عتبران أداة مما سبق تضح أن التقسة الحرارة و نظام البروتن الغذائ المناسبة لمعاملة دجاج اللحم ف المناطق المرتفعة ف درجات الحرارة والمماثلة لظروف
تلك المنطقة الت أجرت بها
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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09
Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
97
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
24 hr of light during day 1 to 3 of age and 23 1 light dark cycle
thereafter Chickens were vaccinated with Hitchiner + IB Influenza
H5 N2 and Gumboro at days 8 11 and 13 of age respectively
Data Collection
Birds were weighed (g) individually at days 1 3 4 and 21 of age
during the experimental period Feed intake was recorded at 3 4 and
21 days according to the replicate-feeding system followed in the
present work and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated
Blood hematological were determined using 8 samples per treatment
at day 21 of age Hemoglobin concentration (Hgb) was determined as
gdL by the cyanomethemoglobin procedure (Eilers 1967)
Heparinized blood was used for determination of packed cell volume
(PCV) using Wintrobe hematocrit tubes Blood samples were
centrifuged for 20 min at 4000 rpm then PCV values were obtained by
reading the PCV on the graduated hematocrit tubes Red blood cells
(RBCs) were counted on an Ao bright line hemocytometer using light
microscope at 400x magnification Blood samples were diluted 200
times with physiological saline solution before counting White blood
cells (WBCs) were counted on an Ao bright line hemocytometer
using a light microscope at 100x magnification after diluting the blood
samples 20 times with a dilution fluid (3ml glacial acetic acid + 97 ml
distilled water + Lushman stain) according to Hepler (1966)
Differential leukocyte counts were examined in each blood film by
using light microscope with 1000 x magnification power A thin blood
film was prepared by using a small drop of blood The blood film was
completely dried before staining using Giemsa stain The film was
washed in distilled water and dried The number of any individual
type of WBCs was expressed as a percentage of the total (Lucas and
Jamroz 1961) The method of Kawahara et al (1991) was used for
determination of phagocytes activity (PA) and phagocytes index (PI)
Eight blood samples per treatment were also collected in heparinized
tubes at day 21 of age for determination of some biochemical
constituents Plasma was obtained by centrifugation of blood at 1509
g for 20 minutes and was stored at -20 Co for further analyses Plasma
glucose concentration (microgdl) was measured by the method of Trinder
(1969) using commercial kits (Diamoned Diagnostics) Total protein
(gdl) was measured by Weichselbaum (1946) Albumin concentration
(gdl) was determined according to the method of Doumas et al
97
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
(1977) Globulin concentration (gdl) was estimated by subtraction of
albumin concentration from plasma total protein value according to
Coles (1974) Total plasma cholesterol (mgdl) was determined
according to the method of Watson (1960) The activity of alkaline
phosphatase (ALP) enzyme was assayed in plasma by the method of
Yan et al DGKC 1972) Total antioxidant capacity (micromoll) and
malondialdehyde (MDA micromolL) were determined according to
Koracevic et al (2001) and Richard et al (1992) respectively Plasma
T3 (nmolL) was determined according to the method of Young et al
(1975)
Statistical evaluation
Data were statistically analyzed using PROC ANOVA of
SASreg (SAS Institute 1996 Cary NC USA) Heat conditioning diet
and strains as well as all possible interaction were included in the
factorial model All the percentages were converted as log10 to
normalize data distribution Mean differences at P005 were tested
using the Tukey test (SAS 1996)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Productive performance
Thermal conditioning significantly decreased growth and
impaired FCR of broilers by 403 and 478 respectively only
during days 3-4 of age (Table 2) In addition TC had a significant
negative effect (12) on feed intake of broilers during days 3-4 and 1-
21 of age This result is in agreement with (Yahav 2000) who found
that the negative effect on BWG was coincided with a decrease in feed
intake and short life span of broiler chicks Similarly Attia et al
(1995) and (Saleh et al 1996 Yahav and Plavnik 1999) showing
adoption and compensatory growth the phenomena that are known to
occur after exposing animals to stress Protein regimen and genotype
had a significant effect on growth during days 3-4 and 1- 21 of age
The obtained data confirmed those reported by (Attia et al 2001)
who showed that feeding high PR significantly increased BWG during
days 1-21 of age showing higher protein requirements to fulfill higher
growth during early growth phase On the other hand protein regimen
97
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Table 1 Composition calculated and chemical analysis of the
experimental starter diets fed during days 1-21 of age
Ingredient Protein level
24 22
Yellow corn 49175 5528
Soybean meal (48) 38500 3300
Corn gluten meal 3000 300
Dicalcium phosphate 1800 183
Limestone 1300 135
NaCl 0400 040
Premix1 0300 030
DL-Methionine 0160 021
L-Lysine Hcl 0065 023
Vegetable oil 5300 440
Sand 0000 000
Total 100 100
Calculated2 and determined
3 chemical analysis
ME kcalkg 3098 3099
DM 8998 8683
CP 2 2408 2201
CP 3
2421 2266
Lysine 2
126 125
Methionine 2 055 057
SSA 2 093 093
Threonine 2 102 094
Arginine 2 169 154
Tryptophan 2
033 029
Calcium 2 101 102
Phosphorus available 2 048 048
Ash 3 682 684
1Vit+Min mixture provides (per kg diet) vitamin A (retinyl acetate) 24 mg vitamin E (dl--
tocopheryl acetate) 20 mg menadione 23 mg Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) 005 mg
riboflavin 55 mg calcium pantothenate 12 mg nicotinic acid 50 mg choline chloride 600
mg vitamin B12 10 microg vitamin B6 3 mg thiamine 3 mg folic acid 1 mg d-biotin 050 mg
Mn 80 mg Zn 60 mg Fe 35 mg Cu 8 mg Se 060 mg 2 Calculated according to NRC (1994) 3 Determined chemical composition according to (AOAC 1990)
97
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Table 2 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and broiler strain on body weight gain feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens
Body weight gain g Treatments
Days 1-21 3-4 d Days
Thermal condition1
521 788b
TC
524 132a
C
NS 00001 P value
322 0315 SEM
Protein regimen1
527a
110a
High
517b
101b
Standard
003 0046 P value
322 0315 SEM
Strain1
507 b
112 a
Hub
537 a
984 b
AA
00001 0006 P value
322 0315 SEM
Feed intake g chick period
Thermal condition2
664b
190b
TC
690a
216a
C
0004 00011 P value
629 0544 SEM
Protein regimen2
681 200 High
673 206 Standard
NS NS P value
629 0544 SEM
Strain2
671 208 Hub
683 198 AA
NS NS P value
629 0544 SEM
Feed conversion ratio g feedg gain
Thermal condition2
128 235a
TC
131 159b
C
NS 00001 P value
97
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Cont Table 2 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and broiler strain on body weight gain feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens
0013 0072 SEM
Protein regimen2
129 187 High
130 207 Standard
NS NS P value
0013 0072 SEM
Strain2
131 199 Hub
128 195 AA
NS NS P value
0 013 0072 SEM 1 Number of observation =256
2 Number of observation =32
abc Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are
significantly different Pgt 005 NS= Not significant TC=thermal conditioning C=Control
and genotype had no significant effect on FCR during days 1-21 of
age indicating that broilers chicks exhibited compensatory growth
There was a significant interaction between strain of broiler
TC and PR on BWG during days 3-4 and 1-21 of age (Table 3)
During days 3-4 of age under thermal conditions (C and TC) feeding
high PR significantly enhanced growth of only Hub broilers compared
to standard PR However high PR induced a detrimental effect on
growth of AA chicks under only TC During days 1-21 of age Hub
broilers responded similarly to different PR under C and TC however
high PR increased BWG of AA chicks under C but induced the
contrary effect under TC this indicated PR by strain interaction
Similarly Widyaratne and Drew (2011) indicated that low-protein
diets can support growth performance equal to high-protein diets In
the contrast there was no significant interaction in feed intake during
all tested periods (Table 3) There was a significant interaction in FCR
during days 1-21 of age FCR of the AA chicks exposed to control and
TC and fed high PR was significantly better FCR than Hub chicks on
the same treatments Broilers of both strains exposed to TC at day 3 of
age and fed standard PR had the best FCR during days 1-21 of age
Meanwhile under C condition feeding Hub standard PR and AA
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
chicks high PR resulted in the best FCR with later strain produced
significantly better FCR than the Hub one These results indicated that
the response of productive performance of broilers chicks to PR
depends on TC and broiler genotype
Biochemical constituents of blood plasma
Total plasma protein albumen globulin glucose alkaline
phosphatase cholesterol and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) at day
21 of age were not significantly affected (Table 4) However MDA at
day 21 of age was significantly higher of TC groups than that of C
These results are similar to those reported by Yahav and McMurtry
(2001) and Requena et al (2010) who indicated that the effect of TC
depends on the severity and length of heat exposure (Attia et al
2011) In addition TC lowered significantly plasma T3 and plasma
globulin-albumin ratio than the C group
Protein regimen significantly affected only plasma albumin
globulin and globulinndashalbumin ratio glucose and MDA at day 21 of
age where high PR resulted in higher plasma albumin glucose and
MDA than the corresponding values obtained of the standard PR
Meanwhile the contrary was shown in the globulin and globulin-
albumin ratio
Genotype had only a significant impact on plasma globulin-
albumin ratio where AA chicks exhibited lower value than the Hub
one There was no significant interaction between strain of broilers
thermal conditioning and CP regimen on biochemical constituents of
blood plasma mentioned before (Table 5)
Blood hematological constituents
Thermal conditioning had a significant negative effect only on
lymphocyte and esinophil (Table 6) Meanwhile the contrary was
shown in the basophil Dietary PR had no significant effect on most of
blood hematological constituents except for basophil and PI at day 21
of age Feeding high PR resulted in higher basophils and PI than
those of standard regimen The relationship between disease control
and nutritional regimen was recently reviewed (Lister 2010) In
agreement with the present results chicks fed high PR resulted in
higher persistency in antibody production at days 10 and 15 after
inoculation with sheep red blood cells than those fed the 19 CP
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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group (Praharaj et al 1998 Melo et al 1998) and supplementation
with methionine and choline significantly improved cellular and
humoral immune response (Swain and Johri 2000) Arbor acres
strain had significantly higher WBCs lymphocytes and esinophil than
Hub strain Meanwhile the contrary was shown in basophil and
heterophil
There was no significant interaction between strains of
broilers TC and PR on most of blood hematological at day 21 of age
(Table 7) expect for phagocytes activity Hub chicks exposed to C
and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain exposed to TC and fed the same diet The AA chicks exposed to
TC and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain kept on C and fed high and standard PR Meanwhile Hub
chicks exposed to TC and fed high PR had significantly lower PA than
that of AA chicks on the same treatments However Hub chicks
exposed to C and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of
AA chicks on the same treatments These findings indicated different
genetic potential between the two strains under investigation which
may be ascribed to variations in genetic makeup (Rosa et al 2007
Benyi et al 2009 Abdullah et al 2010 Yakubu et al 2010)
It could be concluded that broilers exposed to TC and fed
standard PR exhibited compensatory growth suggesting that TC and
standard PR may be suitable management tool to improve chickens
tolerance to heat stress late in life particularly in high temperature
regions
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and M A A Ishmais 2010 Growth performance carcass and
meat quality characteristics of different commercial crosses of
broiler strains of chicken J Poul Sci 4713-21
Arjona A D Denbow and W Weaver 1990 Neonatally-induced
thermotolerance Physiological responses Comp Bio-chem
Physiol 95A393ndash399
Association Of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990 Official
Methods of Analysis Association of Analytical Chemists 15th
Ed Washington DC USA
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Attia Y A S A Abd El-Rahman and E M A Qota 2001 Effects of microbial phytase with or without cell-wall splitting
enzymes on the performance of broilers fed suboptimum levels
of dietary protein and metaboilzable energy Egyptian Poult Sci
J 21 521-547
Attia Y A M Barbara Dora Bohmer and A Roth-Maier 2006 Responded of broiler chicks raised under constant relatively
high ambient temperature to enzymes amino acid
supplementations or a high-nutrient diet Archive fur
Geflugelkunde 70 80-91
Attia Y A R A Hassan A E Tag El-Din and B M Abou-
Shehema 2011 Effect of ascorbic acid or increasing
metabolizable energy level with or without supplementation of
some essential amino acids on productive and physiological
traits of slow-growing chicks exposed to chronic heat stress J
Anim Phys Anim Nutr in press early view
Attia Y A Mona Osman El-Samra Abou-Egla and A A
Eldeek 1995 Response of growth feed conversion and
carcass characteristics of broiler chicks to feed restriction
methods time and diet quality Mansoura J Agri Sci
203261-3282
Benyi K OAcheampong-Boateng DNorris MMathoho and
MSMikasi 2009 The response of Ross 308 and Hybro broiler
chickens to early and late skip-a-day feed restriction Tropical
Anim Health and Prod 41 1707-1713
Cahaner A YPinchasov INir and ZNitsan 1995 Effects of
dietary protein under high ambient temperature on body weight
breast meat yield and abdominal fat deposition of broiler stocks
differing in growth rate and fatness Poult Sci 74 968 ndash 975
Coles E H 1974 Veterinary clinical pathology pp 211-213 W B
Saunder Company Philadelphia London Toronto
Combination of vaccination and competitive exclusion to
prevent Salmonella colonization in chickens experimental
studies Inter J Food Microbial 4935-42
Daghir N2008 Nutrient requirements of poultry at high temperature
In Poultry production in hot climates (Daghir N J editor) 2nd
edition CAB International UK
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Dale N M and H LFuller 1979 Effects of diet composition on
feed intake and growth of chicks under heat stress 1 Dietary fat
levels Poult Sci 581529 -1534
Deaton JW FN Reece SL Branton and JD May 1986 High
environmental temperature and broiler livability Poult Sci
651268-1269
De BasilioV MVilarino S Yahav and M Picard 2001 Early-
age thermal conditioning and a dual feeding program for male
broilers challenged by heat stress Poult Sci 8029-36
Doumas B T D Watson and H G Biggs 1977 Albumin
standards and the measurement of blood albumin with
bromocisol green Clin Chem Acta 3187-96
Eilers R J 1967 Notification of final adoption of an international
method and standard olution for hemoglobinometry
specifications for preparation of a standard solution Amer J
Clin Path 47 212-214
Hepler O E 1966 Manual of clinical laboratory methods Thomas
sparing field Illinois USA
Kawahara E T Ueda and S Nomura 1991 In vitro phagocytic
activity of white spotted shark cells after injection with
Aeromonas salmonicida extracelluar products Gyobyo
Kenkyu Japan 26 213-214
Koracevic D G Koracevic V Djordjevic S Andrejevic and V
Cosic 2001 Method for the measurement of antioxidant
activity in human fluids J Clin Pathol 54356-361
Lin H H C Jiao J Buyse and E Decuypere 2006 Strategies for
preventing heat stress in poultry Worlds Poult Sci J 62 71-
85
Lister S A 2010 Poultry diseases ndash their control and effects on
nutritional requirements Worlds Poult Sci J 66 633-638
Lucas A M and C Jamroz 1961 Atlas of Avian Hematology
Agriculture Monograph 25 USDA Washington DC USA
Melo J G Mallo C Campelletti E Villar M C Miquel and F
Hoffman 1998 Influence of two different protein content diets
and two broiler strains on antibody production Revista de
Medicina Veterinaria (Buenos Aires) 79169minus171
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Musharaf NA and J D Latshaw 1999 Heat increment as
affected by protein and amino acid nutrition Worldrsquos PoultSci
J 55 233-239
National Research Council (NRC) 1994 Nutrient requirement of
poultry 9th
revised Edn National Academy Press Washington
DC USA
Praharaj N K S V Ramarao M R Reddy G Shyam-Sunder
and B L N Reddy 1998 Sire by protein interactions for
growth feed efficiency and immunoresponsiveness in coloured
broilers Indian J Anim Sci 681065-1067
Requena F V De Basilio Y Oliveros E Saume A Mendez D
Fung J Marquina and D Bastianelli 2010 Tuning
environmental parameters to maximize efficiency of early
thermal conditioning in broilers XIIIth European Poultry
Conference 2704-2708
Richard M J B Portal J Meo C Coudray A Hadjian and A
Favier 1992 Malondialdehyde kit evaluated for determining
plasma and lipoprotein fractions that react with thiobarbituric
acid Clin Chem 38 704-709
Rosa P S D E Faria Filho F Dahlke B S Vieira M Macari
and R L Fulan 2007 Effect of Energy Intake on performance
and carcass composition of broiler chickens from two different
genetic groups BrazJ PoultSci 9117-122
Saleh K Y A Attia and H Younis 1996 Effect of feed restriction
and breed on compensatory growth abdominal fat and some
production traits of broiler chicks Archiv Fuumlr Gefluumlgelkunde
60 (4)153-159
SAS Institute (1996) SASreg
Userrsquos Guide Statistics Version 6 Edn
SAS Institute Inc Cary NC USA
Swain B K and T S Johri 2000 Effect of supplemental
methionine choline and their combinations on the performance
and immune of broilers Br Poult Sci 4183-88
Teeter R G 1994Optimizing production of heat stressed broilers
Poult Dig 2610ndash24
Teeter RG MO Smith FN Owens and SC Arp 1985
Chronic Heat Stress and Respiratory Alkalosis Occurrence and
treatment in broiler chicks Poult Sci 64 1060-1064
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Temim S A M Chagneau S Guillaumein J Mitchel R
Peresson and S Tesseraud 2000 Does excess dietary Protein
improve growth performance and characteristics in heat exposed
chickens Poult Sci 79 312 ndash 317
Trinder P 1969 Determination of glucose in blood using glucose
oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor Annals of Clin
Biochem 6 24-26
US National Climatic Data Center 2008 Global warming frequently
asked questions 2008
httpwwwncdcnoaagovoaclimateglobalwarminghtml
Watson D 1960 A simple method for determination of serum
cholesterol Clin Chem Acta 5 637-643
Weichselbaum TE 1946 An accurate and rapid methode for
determination of proteins in small amount of blood serum and
plasma Am J Clin Pathol 16 40ndash48
Widyaratne G P and M D Drew 2011 Effects of protein level
and digestibility on the growth and carcass characteristics of
broiler chickens Poult Sci 90595-603
Yahav S 2000 Domestic fowl-Strategies to confront environmental
conditions Avian and Poult Biol Rev 1181-95
Yahav S and JP McMurtry 2001 Thermotolerance acquisition
in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life-the
effect of timing and ambient temperature Poult Sci 12 1662-
1666
Yahav S and I Plavnik 1999 Effect of early ndash age thermal
conditioning and food restriction on performance and thermo-
tolerance of male broiler chickens Br Poult Sci 40 120 ndash
126
Yakubu A J A Ayoade and Y M Dahiru 2010 Effects of
genotype and population density on growth performance
carcass characteristics and cost-benefits of broiler chickens in
north central Nigeria Trop Anim Health and Prod 42 719-
727
Yan F JH Kersey CA Fritts PW Waldroup H L Stilborn
RC Jr Crumm and DW Rice (DGKC) 1972 Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuumlr Klinische
Chemie Z Klin Chimerical und Klinical Biochemsirty
10182
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Young DS CL Pestaner and U Gilberman 1975 Effects of
drugs on clinical laboratory tests Clin Chem 21 3660
الملخص العربي
للتقسة الحرارة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد التعرض وم 12حتى عمر ونظام البروتن الغذائ
2ولد شعبان حبش ndash 1ريسام اجا - 2وسف عبد الوهاب عطة-2ولد الطحاوي
جامعة دمنهور ndashكلة الزراعة ndash قسم االنتاج الحوان والداجن 1 اثنا-جامعة جورجا ndashقسم علوم الدواجن 2
أجرت هذه التجربة بهدف دراسة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد
األقتصادة وهرمون البروتن الغذائ عل الصفاتالتعرض للتقسة الحرارة ونظام تم استخدام ومكونات الدم البوكماوة والهماتولوجة الثروكسن ف بالزما الدم
كتكوت من ساللة الهابرد و نفس العدد من ساللة االربوراكرز وتم توزعهم 256تقسة حرارة ) تعرض 2نظام بروتن غذائ 2معامالت ) 8عشوائا عل ساعة عند 24 لمدة 77م ورطوبة ordm 373لكتاكت لدرجة حرارة مجموعة من ا
م ورطوبة نسبة 33أام ثم العودة ال درجة الحرارة والرطوبة الطبعة ) 3عمر وكان نظام من كل ساللة ( 45م ورطوبة نسبة ordm 33( وأخري كنترول )45
( أو قاس 24عال )وم 21عمر البروتن المتبع ف عالئق البادئ حتى(22)
أام إل انخفاض معدل 3تعرض الكتاكت ال التقسة الحرارة عند عمر أدى وم من العمر( 4-3النمو وكذلك سوء الكفاءة الغذائة خالل فترة التقسة الحرارة )
وم كان هناك تشابه ف 21-1مقارنة بمجموعة الكنترول أما خالل الفترة من عمر كما أظهرت النتائج انخفاض مستوي هرمون الثروكسن لكفاءة الغذائةمعدل النمو وا
وم للمجامع المعرضه للتقسة الحرارة مقارنة 21ف بالزما الدم عند عمر بالكنترول
4-3أدى نظام البروتن الغذائ المرتفع ال زادة معدل النمو فقط خالل فترة من ة مستوي االلبومن والجلوكوز والمالونالدهد وم من العمروكذلك زاد 21-1اام و
والكرات الدم القاعدة والدلل المناع ف بالزما الدم ولكن انخفضت النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن ف بالزما الدم أما بالنسبة لتأثر التركب الوراث فكانت هناك
ة والفسولوجة حث تفوقت ساللة العدد من التأثرات الواضحة ف اإلستجابة اإلنتاجوم وعدد كرات الدم البضاء 21-1االربوركرز ف الصفات االنتاجة ف الفترة من
وكرات الدم الحامضة عن ساللة الهابرد الت كانت متفوقة ف النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن وكرات الدم القاعدة والخلطة
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
ن الساللة والتقسة الحرارة ونظام البروتن الغذائ وقد ظهر تداخل معنوي بوم من العمر وكذلك معدل 21-1اام والفترة من 4-3عل معدل النمو خالل الفترة وم من العمر وكذلك النشاط البلعم 21-1التحول الغذائ ف الفترة من
قاس عتبران أداة مما سبق تضح أن التقسة الحرارة و نظام البروتن الغذائ المناسبة لمعاملة دجاج اللحم ف المناطق المرتفعة ف درجات الحرارة والمماثلة لظروف
تلك المنطقة الت أجرت بها
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
(1977) Globulin concentration (gdl) was estimated by subtraction of
albumin concentration from plasma total protein value according to
Coles (1974) Total plasma cholesterol (mgdl) was determined
according to the method of Watson (1960) The activity of alkaline
phosphatase (ALP) enzyme was assayed in plasma by the method of
Yan et al DGKC 1972) Total antioxidant capacity (micromoll) and
malondialdehyde (MDA micromolL) were determined according to
Koracevic et al (2001) and Richard et al (1992) respectively Plasma
T3 (nmolL) was determined according to the method of Young et al
(1975)
Statistical evaluation
Data were statistically analyzed using PROC ANOVA of
SASreg (SAS Institute 1996 Cary NC USA) Heat conditioning diet
and strains as well as all possible interaction were included in the
factorial model All the percentages were converted as log10 to
normalize data distribution Mean differences at P005 were tested
using the Tukey test (SAS 1996)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Productive performance
Thermal conditioning significantly decreased growth and
impaired FCR of broilers by 403 and 478 respectively only
during days 3-4 of age (Table 2) In addition TC had a significant
negative effect (12) on feed intake of broilers during days 3-4 and 1-
21 of age This result is in agreement with (Yahav 2000) who found
that the negative effect on BWG was coincided with a decrease in feed
intake and short life span of broiler chicks Similarly Attia et al
(1995) and (Saleh et al 1996 Yahav and Plavnik 1999) showing
adoption and compensatory growth the phenomena that are known to
occur after exposing animals to stress Protein regimen and genotype
had a significant effect on growth during days 3-4 and 1- 21 of age
The obtained data confirmed those reported by (Attia et al 2001)
who showed that feeding high PR significantly increased BWG during
days 1-21 of age showing higher protein requirements to fulfill higher
growth during early growth phase On the other hand protein regimen
97
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Table 1 Composition calculated and chemical analysis of the
experimental starter diets fed during days 1-21 of age
Ingredient Protein level
24 22
Yellow corn 49175 5528
Soybean meal (48) 38500 3300
Corn gluten meal 3000 300
Dicalcium phosphate 1800 183
Limestone 1300 135
NaCl 0400 040
Premix1 0300 030
DL-Methionine 0160 021
L-Lysine Hcl 0065 023
Vegetable oil 5300 440
Sand 0000 000
Total 100 100
Calculated2 and determined
3 chemical analysis
ME kcalkg 3098 3099
DM 8998 8683
CP 2 2408 2201
CP 3
2421 2266
Lysine 2
126 125
Methionine 2 055 057
SSA 2 093 093
Threonine 2 102 094
Arginine 2 169 154
Tryptophan 2
033 029
Calcium 2 101 102
Phosphorus available 2 048 048
Ash 3 682 684
1Vit+Min mixture provides (per kg diet) vitamin A (retinyl acetate) 24 mg vitamin E (dl--
tocopheryl acetate) 20 mg menadione 23 mg Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) 005 mg
riboflavin 55 mg calcium pantothenate 12 mg nicotinic acid 50 mg choline chloride 600
mg vitamin B12 10 microg vitamin B6 3 mg thiamine 3 mg folic acid 1 mg d-biotin 050 mg
Mn 80 mg Zn 60 mg Fe 35 mg Cu 8 mg Se 060 mg 2 Calculated according to NRC (1994) 3 Determined chemical composition according to (AOAC 1990)
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Table 2 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and broiler strain on body weight gain feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens
Body weight gain g Treatments
Days 1-21 3-4 d Days
Thermal condition1
521 788b
TC
524 132a
C
NS 00001 P value
322 0315 SEM
Protein regimen1
527a
110a
High
517b
101b
Standard
003 0046 P value
322 0315 SEM
Strain1
507 b
112 a
Hub
537 a
984 b
AA
00001 0006 P value
322 0315 SEM
Feed intake g chick period
Thermal condition2
664b
190b
TC
690a
216a
C
0004 00011 P value
629 0544 SEM
Protein regimen2
681 200 High
673 206 Standard
NS NS P value
629 0544 SEM
Strain2
671 208 Hub
683 198 AA
NS NS P value
629 0544 SEM
Feed conversion ratio g feedg gain
Thermal condition2
128 235a
TC
131 159b
C
NS 00001 P value
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Cont Table 2 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and broiler strain on body weight gain feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens
0013 0072 SEM
Protein regimen2
129 187 High
130 207 Standard
NS NS P value
0013 0072 SEM
Strain2
131 199 Hub
128 195 AA
NS NS P value
0 013 0072 SEM 1 Number of observation =256
2 Number of observation =32
abc Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are
significantly different Pgt 005 NS= Not significant TC=thermal conditioning C=Control
and genotype had no significant effect on FCR during days 1-21 of
age indicating that broilers chicks exhibited compensatory growth
There was a significant interaction between strain of broiler
TC and PR on BWG during days 3-4 and 1-21 of age (Table 3)
During days 3-4 of age under thermal conditions (C and TC) feeding
high PR significantly enhanced growth of only Hub broilers compared
to standard PR However high PR induced a detrimental effect on
growth of AA chicks under only TC During days 1-21 of age Hub
broilers responded similarly to different PR under C and TC however
high PR increased BWG of AA chicks under C but induced the
contrary effect under TC this indicated PR by strain interaction
Similarly Widyaratne and Drew (2011) indicated that low-protein
diets can support growth performance equal to high-protein diets In
the contrast there was no significant interaction in feed intake during
all tested periods (Table 3) There was a significant interaction in FCR
during days 1-21 of age FCR of the AA chicks exposed to control and
TC and fed high PR was significantly better FCR than Hub chicks on
the same treatments Broilers of both strains exposed to TC at day 3 of
age and fed standard PR had the best FCR during days 1-21 of age
Meanwhile under C condition feeding Hub standard PR and AA
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
chicks high PR resulted in the best FCR with later strain produced
significantly better FCR than the Hub one These results indicated that
the response of productive performance of broilers chicks to PR
depends on TC and broiler genotype
Biochemical constituents of blood plasma
Total plasma protein albumen globulin glucose alkaline
phosphatase cholesterol and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) at day
21 of age were not significantly affected (Table 4) However MDA at
day 21 of age was significantly higher of TC groups than that of C
These results are similar to those reported by Yahav and McMurtry
(2001) and Requena et al (2010) who indicated that the effect of TC
depends on the severity and length of heat exposure (Attia et al
2011) In addition TC lowered significantly plasma T3 and plasma
globulin-albumin ratio than the C group
Protein regimen significantly affected only plasma albumin
globulin and globulinndashalbumin ratio glucose and MDA at day 21 of
age where high PR resulted in higher plasma albumin glucose and
MDA than the corresponding values obtained of the standard PR
Meanwhile the contrary was shown in the globulin and globulin-
albumin ratio
Genotype had only a significant impact on plasma globulin-
albumin ratio where AA chicks exhibited lower value than the Hub
one There was no significant interaction between strain of broilers
thermal conditioning and CP regimen on biochemical constituents of
blood plasma mentioned before (Table 5)
Blood hematological constituents
Thermal conditioning had a significant negative effect only on
lymphocyte and esinophil (Table 6) Meanwhile the contrary was
shown in the basophil Dietary PR had no significant effect on most of
blood hematological constituents except for basophil and PI at day 21
of age Feeding high PR resulted in higher basophils and PI than
those of standard regimen The relationship between disease control
and nutritional regimen was recently reviewed (Lister 2010) In
agreement with the present results chicks fed high PR resulted in
higher persistency in antibody production at days 10 and 15 after
inoculation with sheep red blood cells than those fed the 19 CP
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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group (Praharaj et al 1998 Melo et al 1998) and supplementation
with methionine and choline significantly improved cellular and
humoral immune response (Swain and Johri 2000) Arbor acres
strain had significantly higher WBCs lymphocytes and esinophil than
Hub strain Meanwhile the contrary was shown in basophil and
heterophil
There was no significant interaction between strains of
broilers TC and PR on most of blood hematological at day 21 of age
(Table 7) expect for phagocytes activity Hub chicks exposed to C
and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain exposed to TC and fed the same diet The AA chicks exposed to
TC and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain kept on C and fed high and standard PR Meanwhile Hub
chicks exposed to TC and fed high PR had significantly lower PA than
that of AA chicks on the same treatments However Hub chicks
exposed to C and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of
AA chicks on the same treatments These findings indicated different
genetic potential between the two strains under investigation which
may be ascribed to variations in genetic makeup (Rosa et al 2007
Benyi et al 2009 Abdullah et al 2010 Yakubu et al 2010)
It could be concluded that broilers exposed to TC and fed
standard PR exhibited compensatory growth suggesting that TC and
standard PR may be suitable management tool to improve chickens
tolerance to heat stress late in life particularly in high temperature
regions
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and M A A Ishmais 2010 Growth performance carcass and
meat quality characteristics of different commercial crosses of
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Arjona A D Denbow and W Weaver 1990 Neonatally-induced
thermotolerance Physiological responses Comp Bio-chem
Physiol 95A393ndash399
Association Of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990 Official
Methods of Analysis Association of Analytical Chemists 15th
Ed Washington DC USA
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Attia Y A S A Abd El-Rahman and E M A Qota 2001 Effects of microbial phytase with or without cell-wall splitting
enzymes on the performance of broilers fed suboptimum levels
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J 21 521-547
Attia Y A M Barbara Dora Bohmer and A Roth-Maier 2006 Responded of broiler chicks raised under constant relatively
high ambient temperature to enzymes amino acid
supplementations or a high-nutrient diet Archive fur
Geflugelkunde 70 80-91
Attia Y A R A Hassan A E Tag El-Din and B M Abou-
Shehema 2011 Effect of ascorbic acid or increasing
metabolizable energy level with or without supplementation of
some essential amino acids on productive and physiological
traits of slow-growing chicks exposed to chronic heat stress J
Anim Phys Anim Nutr in press early view
Attia Y A Mona Osman El-Samra Abou-Egla and A A
Eldeek 1995 Response of growth feed conversion and
carcass characteristics of broiler chicks to feed restriction
methods time and diet quality Mansoura J Agri Sci
203261-3282
Benyi K OAcheampong-Boateng DNorris MMathoho and
MSMikasi 2009 The response of Ross 308 and Hybro broiler
chickens to early and late skip-a-day feed restriction Tropical
Anim Health and Prod 41 1707-1713
Cahaner A YPinchasov INir and ZNitsan 1995 Effects of
dietary protein under high ambient temperature on body weight
breast meat yield and abdominal fat deposition of broiler stocks
differing in growth rate and fatness Poult Sci 74 968 ndash 975
Coles E H 1974 Veterinary clinical pathology pp 211-213 W B
Saunder Company Philadelphia London Toronto
Combination of vaccination and competitive exclusion to
prevent Salmonella colonization in chickens experimental
studies Inter J Food Microbial 4935-42
Daghir N2008 Nutrient requirements of poultry at high temperature
In Poultry production in hot climates (Daghir N J editor) 2nd
edition CAB International UK
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Dale N M and H LFuller 1979 Effects of diet composition on
feed intake and growth of chicks under heat stress 1 Dietary fat
levels Poult Sci 581529 -1534
Deaton JW FN Reece SL Branton and JD May 1986 High
environmental temperature and broiler livability Poult Sci
651268-1269
De BasilioV MVilarino S Yahav and M Picard 2001 Early-
age thermal conditioning and a dual feeding program for male
broilers challenged by heat stress Poult Sci 8029-36
Doumas B T D Watson and H G Biggs 1977 Albumin
standards and the measurement of blood albumin with
bromocisol green Clin Chem Acta 3187-96
Eilers R J 1967 Notification of final adoption of an international
method and standard olution for hemoglobinometry
specifications for preparation of a standard solution Amer J
Clin Path 47 212-214
Hepler O E 1966 Manual of clinical laboratory methods Thomas
sparing field Illinois USA
Kawahara E T Ueda and S Nomura 1991 In vitro phagocytic
activity of white spotted shark cells after injection with
Aeromonas salmonicida extracelluar products Gyobyo
Kenkyu Japan 26 213-214
Koracevic D G Koracevic V Djordjevic S Andrejevic and V
Cosic 2001 Method for the measurement of antioxidant
activity in human fluids J Clin Pathol 54356-361
Lin H H C Jiao J Buyse and E Decuypere 2006 Strategies for
preventing heat stress in poultry Worlds Poult Sci J 62 71-
85
Lister S A 2010 Poultry diseases ndash their control and effects on
nutritional requirements Worlds Poult Sci J 66 633-638
Lucas A M and C Jamroz 1961 Atlas of Avian Hematology
Agriculture Monograph 25 USDA Washington DC USA
Melo J G Mallo C Campelletti E Villar M C Miquel and F
Hoffman 1998 Influence of two different protein content diets
and two broiler strains on antibody production Revista de
Medicina Veterinaria (Buenos Aires) 79169minus171
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Musharaf NA and J D Latshaw 1999 Heat increment as
affected by protein and amino acid nutrition Worldrsquos PoultSci
J 55 233-239
National Research Council (NRC) 1994 Nutrient requirement of
poultry 9th
revised Edn National Academy Press Washington
DC USA
Praharaj N K S V Ramarao M R Reddy G Shyam-Sunder
and B L N Reddy 1998 Sire by protein interactions for
growth feed efficiency and immunoresponsiveness in coloured
broilers Indian J Anim Sci 681065-1067
Requena F V De Basilio Y Oliveros E Saume A Mendez D
Fung J Marquina and D Bastianelli 2010 Tuning
environmental parameters to maximize efficiency of early
thermal conditioning in broilers XIIIth European Poultry
Conference 2704-2708
Richard M J B Portal J Meo C Coudray A Hadjian and A
Favier 1992 Malondialdehyde kit evaluated for determining
plasma and lipoprotein fractions that react with thiobarbituric
acid Clin Chem 38 704-709
Rosa P S D E Faria Filho F Dahlke B S Vieira M Macari
and R L Fulan 2007 Effect of Energy Intake on performance
and carcass composition of broiler chickens from two different
genetic groups BrazJ PoultSci 9117-122
Saleh K Y A Attia and H Younis 1996 Effect of feed restriction
and breed on compensatory growth abdominal fat and some
production traits of broiler chicks Archiv Fuumlr Gefluumlgelkunde
60 (4)153-159
SAS Institute (1996) SASreg
Userrsquos Guide Statistics Version 6 Edn
SAS Institute Inc Cary NC USA
Swain B K and T S Johri 2000 Effect of supplemental
methionine choline and their combinations on the performance
and immune of broilers Br Poult Sci 4183-88
Teeter R G 1994Optimizing production of heat stressed broilers
Poult Dig 2610ndash24
Teeter RG MO Smith FN Owens and SC Arp 1985
Chronic Heat Stress and Respiratory Alkalosis Occurrence and
treatment in broiler chicks Poult Sci 64 1060-1064
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Temim S A M Chagneau S Guillaumein J Mitchel R
Peresson and S Tesseraud 2000 Does excess dietary Protein
improve growth performance and characteristics in heat exposed
chickens Poult Sci 79 312 ndash 317
Trinder P 1969 Determination of glucose in blood using glucose
oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor Annals of Clin
Biochem 6 24-26
US National Climatic Data Center 2008 Global warming frequently
asked questions 2008
httpwwwncdcnoaagovoaclimateglobalwarminghtml
Watson D 1960 A simple method for determination of serum
cholesterol Clin Chem Acta 5 637-643
Weichselbaum TE 1946 An accurate and rapid methode for
determination of proteins in small amount of blood serum and
plasma Am J Clin Pathol 16 40ndash48
Widyaratne G P and M D Drew 2011 Effects of protein level
and digestibility on the growth and carcass characteristics of
broiler chickens Poult Sci 90595-603
Yahav S 2000 Domestic fowl-Strategies to confront environmental
conditions Avian and Poult Biol Rev 1181-95
Yahav S and JP McMurtry 2001 Thermotolerance acquisition
in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life-the
effect of timing and ambient temperature Poult Sci 12 1662-
1666
Yahav S and I Plavnik 1999 Effect of early ndash age thermal
conditioning and food restriction on performance and thermo-
tolerance of male broiler chickens Br Poult Sci 40 120 ndash
126
Yakubu A J A Ayoade and Y M Dahiru 2010 Effects of
genotype and population density on growth performance
carcass characteristics and cost-benefits of broiler chickens in
north central Nigeria Trop Anim Health and Prod 42 719-
727
Yan F JH Kersey CA Fritts PW Waldroup H L Stilborn
RC Jr Crumm and DW Rice (DGKC) 1972 Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuumlr Klinische
Chemie Z Klin Chimerical und Klinical Biochemsirty
10182
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Young DS CL Pestaner and U Gilberman 1975 Effects of
drugs on clinical laboratory tests Clin Chem 21 3660
الملخص العربي
للتقسة الحرارة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد التعرض وم 12حتى عمر ونظام البروتن الغذائ
2ولد شعبان حبش ndash 1ريسام اجا - 2وسف عبد الوهاب عطة-2ولد الطحاوي
جامعة دمنهور ndashكلة الزراعة ndash قسم االنتاج الحوان والداجن 1 اثنا-جامعة جورجا ndashقسم علوم الدواجن 2
أجرت هذه التجربة بهدف دراسة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد
األقتصادة وهرمون البروتن الغذائ عل الصفاتالتعرض للتقسة الحرارة ونظام تم استخدام ومكونات الدم البوكماوة والهماتولوجة الثروكسن ف بالزما الدم
كتكوت من ساللة الهابرد و نفس العدد من ساللة االربوراكرز وتم توزعهم 256تقسة حرارة ) تعرض 2نظام بروتن غذائ 2معامالت ) 8عشوائا عل ساعة عند 24 لمدة 77م ورطوبة ordm 373لكتاكت لدرجة حرارة مجموعة من ا
م ورطوبة نسبة 33أام ثم العودة ال درجة الحرارة والرطوبة الطبعة ) 3عمر وكان نظام من كل ساللة ( 45م ورطوبة نسبة ordm 33( وأخري كنترول )45
( أو قاس 24عال )وم 21عمر البروتن المتبع ف عالئق البادئ حتى(22)
أام إل انخفاض معدل 3تعرض الكتاكت ال التقسة الحرارة عند عمر أدى وم من العمر( 4-3النمو وكذلك سوء الكفاءة الغذائة خالل فترة التقسة الحرارة )
وم كان هناك تشابه ف 21-1مقارنة بمجموعة الكنترول أما خالل الفترة من عمر كما أظهرت النتائج انخفاض مستوي هرمون الثروكسن لكفاءة الغذائةمعدل النمو وا
وم للمجامع المعرضه للتقسة الحرارة مقارنة 21ف بالزما الدم عند عمر بالكنترول
4-3أدى نظام البروتن الغذائ المرتفع ال زادة معدل النمو فقط خالل فترة من ة مستوي االلبومن والجلوكوز والمالونالدهد وم من العمروكذلك زاد 21-1اام و
والكرات الدم القاعدة والدلل المناع ف بالزما الدم ولكن انخفضت النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن ف بالزما الدم أما بالنسبة لتأثر التركب الوراث فكانت هناك
ة والفسولوجة حث تفوقت ساللة العدد من التأثرات الواضحة ف اإلستجابة اإلنتاجوم وعدد كرات الدم البضاء 21-1االربوركرز ف الصفات االنتاجة ف الفترة من
وكرات الدم الحامضة عن ساللة الهابرد الت كانت متفوقة ف النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن وكرات الدم القاعدة والخلطة
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
ن الساللة والتقسة الحرارة ونظام البروتن الغذائ وقد ظهر تداخل معنوي بوم من العمر وكذلك معدل 21-1اام والفترة من 4-3عل معدل النمو خالل الفترة وم من العمر وكذلك النشاط البلعم 21-1التحول الغذائ ف الفترة من
قاس عتبران أداة مما سبق تضح أن التقسة الحرارة و نظام البروتن الغذائ المناسبة لمعاملة دجاج اللحم ف المناطق المرتفعة ف درجات الحرارة والمماثلة لظروف
تلك المنطقة الت أجرت بها
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Table 1 Composition calculated and chemical analysis of the
experimental starter diets fed during days 1-21 of age
Ingredient Protein level
24 22
Yellow corn 49175 5528
Soybean meal (48) 38500 3300
Corn gluten meal 3000 300
Dicalcium phosphate 1800 183
Limestone 1300 135
NaCl 0400 040
Premix1 0300 030
DL-Methionine 0160 021
L-Lysine Hcl 0065 023
Vegetable oil 5300 440
Sand 0000 000
Total 100 100
Calculated2 and determined
3 chemical analysis
ME kcalkg 3098 3099
DM 8998 8683
CP 2 2408 2201
CP 3
2421 2266
Lysine 2
126 125
Methionine 2 055 057
SSA 2 093 093
Threonine 2 102 094
Arginine 2 169 154
Tryptophan 2
033 029
Calcium 2 101 102
Phosphorus available 2 048 048
Ash 3 682 684
1Vit+Min mixture provides (per kg diet) vitamin A (retinyl acetate) 24 mg vitamin E (dl--
tocopheryl acetate) 20 mg menadione 23 mg Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) 005 mg
riboflavin 55 mg calcium pantothenate 12 mg nicotinic acid 50 mg choline chloride 600
mg vitamin B12 10 microg vitamin B6 3 mg thiamine 3 mg folic acid 1 mg d-biotin 050 mg
Mn 80 mg Zn 60 mg Fe 35 mg Cu 8 mg Se 060 mg 2 Calculated according to NRC (1994) 3 Determined chemical composition according to (AOAC 1990)
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Table 2 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and broiler strain on body weight gain feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens
Body weight gain g Treatments
Days 1-21 3-4 d Days
Thermal condition1
521 788b
TC
524 132a
C
NS 00001 P value
322 0315 SEM
Protein regimen1
527a
110a
High
517b
101b
Standard
003 0046 P value
322 0315 SEM
Strain1
507 b
112 a
Hub
537 a
984 b
AA
00001 0006 P value
322 0315 SEM
Feed intake g chick period
Thermal condition2
664b
190b
TC
690a
216a
C
0004 00011 P value
629 0544 SEM
Protein regimen2
681 200 High
673 206 Standard
NS NS P value
629 0544 SEM
Strain2
671 208 Hub
683 198 AA
NS NS P value
629 0544 SEM
Feed conversion ratio g feedg gain
Thermal condition2
128 235a
TC
131 159b
C
NS 00001 P value
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Cont Table 2 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and broiler strain on body weight gain feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens
0013 0072 SEM
Protein regimen2
129 187 High
130 207 Standard
NS NS P value
0013 0072 SEM
Strain2
131 199 Hub
128 195 AA
NS NS P value
0 013 0072 SEM 1 Number of observation =256
2 Number of observation =32
abc Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are
significantly different Pgt 005 NS= Not significant TC=thermal conditioning C=Control
and genotype had no significant effect on FCR during days 1-21 of
age indicating that broilers chicks exhibited compensatory growth
There was a significant interaction between strain of broiler
TC and PR on BWG during days 3-4 and 1-21 of age (Table 3)
During days 3-4 of age under thermal conditions (C and TC) feeding
high PR significantly enhanced growth of only Hub broilers compared
to standard PR However high PR induced a detrimental effect on
growth of AA chicks under only TC During days 1-21 of age Hub
broilers responded similarly to different PR under C and TC however
high PR increased BWG of AA chicks under C but induced the
contrary effect under TC this indicated PR by strain interaction
Similarly Widyaratne and Drew (2011) indicated that low-protein
diets can support growth performance equal to high-protein diets In
the contrast there was no significant interaction in feed intake during
all tested periods (Table 3) There was a significant interaction in FCR
during days 1-21 of age FCR of the AA chicks exposed to control and
TC and fed high PR was significantly better FCR than Hub chicks on
the same treatments Broilers of both strains exposed to TC at day 3 of
age and fed standard PR had the best FCR during days 1-21 of age
Meanwhile under C condition feeding Hub standard PR and AA
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
chicks high PR resulted in the best FCR with later strain produced
significantly better FCR than the Hub one These results indicated that
the response of productive performance of broilers chicks to PR
depends on TC and broiler genotype
Biochemical constituents of blood plasma
Total plasma protein albumen globulin glucose alkaline
phosphatase cholesterol and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) at day
21 of age were not significantly affected (Table 4) However MDA at
day 21 of age was significantly higher of TC groups than that of C
These results are similar to those reported by Yahav and McMurtry
(2001) and Requena et al (2010) who indicated that the effect of TC
depends on the severity and length of heat exposure (Attia et al
2011) In addition TC lowered significantly plasma T3 and plasma
globulin-albumin ratio than the C group
Protein regimen significantly affected only plasma albumin
globulin and globulinndashalbumin ratio glucose and MDA at day 21 of
age where high PR resulted in higher plasma albumin glucose and
MDA than the corresponding values obtained of the standard PR
Meanwhile the contrary was shown in the globulin and globulin-
albumin ratio
Genotype had only a significant impact on plasma globulin-
albumin ratio where AA chicks exhibited lower value than the Hub
one There was no significant interaction between strain of broilers
thermal conditioning and CP regimen on biochemical constituents of
blood plasma mentioned before (Table 5)
Blood hematological constituents
Thermal conditioning had a significant negative effect only on
lymphocyte and esinophil (Table 6) Meanwhile the contrary was
shown in the basophil Dietary PR had no significant effect on most of
blood hematological constituents except for basophil and PI at day 21
of age Feeding high PR resulted in higher basophils and PI than
those of standard regimen The relationship between disease control
and nutritional regimen was recently reviewed (Lister 2010) In
agreement with the present results chicks fed high PR resulted in
higher persistency in antibody production at days 10 and 15 after
inoculation with sheep red blood cells than those fed the 19 CP
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group (Praharaj et al 1998 Melo et al 1998) and supplementation
with methionine and choline significantly improved cellular and
humoral immune response (Swain and Johri 2000) Arbor acres
strain had significantly higher WBCs lymphocytes and esinophil than
Hub strain Meanwhile the contrary was shown in basophil and
heterophil
There was no significant interaction between strains of
broilers TC and PR on most of blood hematological at day 21 of age
(Table 7) expect for phagocytes activity Hub chicks exposed to C
and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain exposed to TC and fed the same diet The AA chicks exposed to
TC and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain kept on C and fed high and standard PR Meanwhile Hub
chicks exposed to TC and fed high PR had significantly lower PA than
that of AA chicks on the same treatments However Hub chicks
exposed to C and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of
AA chicks on the same treatments These findings indicated different
genetic potential between the two strains under investigation which
may be ascribed to variations in genetic makeup (Rosa et al 2007
Benyi et al 2009 Abdullah et al 2010 Yakubu et al 2010)
It could be concluded that broilers exposed to TC and fed
standard PR exhibited compensatory growth suggesting that TC and
standard PR may be suitable management tool to improve chickens
tolerance to heat stress late in life particularly in high temperature
regions
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Arjona A D Denbow and W Weaver 1990 Neonatally-induced
thermotolerance Physiological responses Comp Bio-chem
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Association Of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990 Official
Methods of Analysis Association of Analytical Chemists 15th
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7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Attia Y A S A Abd El-Rahman and E M A Qota 2001 Effects of microbial phytase with or without cell-wall splitting
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J 21 521-547
Attia Y A M Barbara Dora Bohmer and A Roth-Maier 2006 Responded of broiler chicks raised under constant relatively
high ambient temperature to enzymes amino acid
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Geflugelkunde 70 80-91
Attia Y A R A Hassan A E Tag El-Din and B M Abou-
Shehema 2011 Effect of ascorbic acid or increasing
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Anim Phys Anim Nutr in press early view
Attia Y A Mona Osman El-Samra Abou-Egla and A A
Eldeek 1995 Response of growth feed conversion and
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methods time and diet quality Mansoura J Agri Sci
203261-3282
Benyi K OAcheampong-Boateng DNorris MMathoho and
MSMikasi 2009 The response of Ross 308 and Hybro broiler
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Anim Health and Prod 41 1707-1713
Cahaner A YPinchasov INir and ZNitsan 1995 Effects of
dietary protein under high ambient temperature on body weight
breast meat yield and abdominal fat deposition of broiler stocks
differing in growth rate and fatness Poult Sci 74 968 ndash 975
Coles E H 1974 Veterinary clinical pathology pp 211-213 W B
Saunder Company Philadelphia London Toronto
Combination of vaccination and competitive exclusion to
prevent Salmonella colonization in chickens experimental
studies Inter J Food Microbial 4935-42
Daghir N2008 Nutrient requirements of poultry at high temperature
In Poultry production in hot climates (Daghir N J editor) 2nd
edition CAB International UK
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Dale N M and H LFuller 1979 Effects of diet composition on
feed intake and growth of chicks under heat stress 1 Dietary fat
levels Poult Sci 581529 -1534
Deaton JW FN Reece SL Branton and JD May 1986 High
environmental temperature and broiler livability Poult Sci
651268-1269
De BasilioV MVilarino S Yahav and M Picard 2001 Early-
age thermal conditioning and a dual feeding program for male
broilers challenged by heat stress Poult Sci 8029-36
Doumas B T D Watson and H G Biggs 1977 Albumin
standards and the measurement of blood albumin with
bromocisol green Clin Chem Acta 3187-96
Eilers R J 1967 Notification of final adoption of an international
method and standard olution for hemoglobinometry
specifications for preparation of a standard solution Amer J
Clin Path 47 212-214
Hepler O E 1966 Manual of clinical laboratory methods Thomas
sparing field Illinois USA
Kawahara E T Ueda and S Nomura 1991 In vitro phagocytic
activity of white spotted shark cells after injection with
Aeromonas salmonicida extracelluar products Gyobyo
Kenkyu Japan 26 213-214
Koracevic D G Koracevic V Djordjevic S Andrejevic and V
Cosic 2001 Method for the measurement of antioxidant
activity in human fluids J Clin Pathol 54356-361
Lin H H C Jiao J Buyse and E Decuypere 2006 Strategies for
preventing heat stress in poultry Worlds Poult Sci J 62 71-
85
Lister S A 2010 Poultry diseases ndash their control and effects on
nutritional requirements Worlds Poult Sci J 66 633-638
Lucas A M and C Jamroz 1961 Atlas of Avian Hematology
Agriculture Monograph 25 USDA Washington DC USA
Melo J G Mallo C Campelletti E Villar M C Miquel and F
Hoffman 1998 Influence of two different protein content diets
and two broiler strains on antibody production Revista de
Medicina Veterinaria (Buenos Aires) 79169minus171
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Musharaf NA and J D Latshaw 1999 Heat increment as
affected by protein and amino acid nutrition Worldrsquos PoultSci
J 55 233-239
National Research Council (NRC) 1994 Nutrient requirement of
poultry 9th
revised Edn National Academy Press Washington
DC USA
Praharaj N K S V Ramarao M R Reddy G Shyam-Sunder
and B L N Reddy 1998 Sire by protein interactions for
growth feed efficiency and immunoresponsiveness in coloured
broilers Indian J Anim Sci 681065-1067
Requena F V De Basilio Y Oliveros E Saume A Mendez D
Fung J Marquina and D Bastianelli 2010 Tuning
environmental parameters to maximize efficiency of early
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Conference 2704-2708
Richard M J B Portal J Meo C Coudray A Hadjian and A
Favier 1992 Malondialdehyde kit evaluated for determining
plasma and lipoprotein fractions that react with thiobarbituric
acid Clin Chem 38 704-709
Rosa P S D E Faria Filho F Dahlke B S Vieira M Macari
and R L Fulan 2007 Effect of Energy Intake on performance
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Saleh K Y A Attia and H Younis 1996 Effect of feed restriction
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SAS Institute (1996) SASreg
Userrsquos Guide Statistics Version 6 Edn
SAS Institute Inc Cary NC USA
Swain B K and T S Johri 2000 Effect of supplemental
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Teeter R G 1994Optimizing production of heat stressed broilers
Poult Dig 2610ndash24
Teeter RG MO Smith FN Owens and SC Arp 1985
Chronic Heat Stress and Respiratory Alkalosis Occurrence and
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Temim S A M Chagneau S Guillaumein J Mitchel R
Peresson and S Tesseraud 2000 Does excess dietary Protein
improve growth performance and characteristics in heat exposed
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Trinder P 1969 Determination of glucose in blood using glucose
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Biochem 6 24-26
US National Climatic Data Center 2008 Global warming frequently
asked questions 2008
httpwwwncdcnoaagovoaclimateglobalwarminghtml
Watson D 1960 A simple method for determination of serum
cholesterol Clin Chem Acta 5 637-643
Weichselbaum TE 1946 An accurate and rapid methode for
determination of proteins in small amount of blood serum and
plasma Am J Clin Pathol 16 40ndash48
Widyaratne G P and M D Drew 2011 Effects of protein level
and digestibility on the growth and carcass characteristics of
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Yahav S 2000 Domestic fowl-Strategies to confront environmental
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Yahav S and JP McMurtry 2001 Thermotolerance acquisition
in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life-the
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1666
Yahav S and I Plavnik 1999 Effect of early ndash age thermal
conditioning and food restriction on performance and thermo-
tolerance of male broiler chickens Br Poult Sci 40 120 ndash
126
Yakubu A J A Ayoade and Y M Dahiru 2010 Effects of
genotype and population density on growth performance
carcass characteristics and cost-benefits of broiler chickens in
north central Nigeria Trop Anim Health and Prod 42 719-
727
Yan F JH Kersey CA Fritts PW Waldroup H L Stilborn
RC Jr Crumm and DW Rice (DGKC) 1972 Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuumlr Klinische
Chemie Z Klin Chimerical und Klinical Biochemsirty
10182
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Young DS CL Pestaner and U Gilberman 1975 Effects of
drugs on clinical laboratory tests Clin Chem 21 3660
الملخص العربي
للتقسة الحرارة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد التعرض وم 12حتى عمر ونظام البروتن الغذائ
2ولد شعبان حبش ndash 1ريسام اجا - 2وسف عبد الوهاب عطة-2ولد الطحاوي
جامعة دمنهور ndashكلة الزراعة ndash قسم االنتاج الحوان والداجن 1 اثنا-جامعة جورجا ndashقسم علوم الدواجن 2
أجرت هذه التجربة بهدف دراسة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد
األقتصادة وهرمون البروتن الغذائ عل الصفاتالتعرض للتقسة الحرارة ونظام تم استخدام ومكونات الدم البوكماوة والهماتولوجة الثروكسن ف بالزما الدم
كتكوت من ساللة الهابرد و نفس العدد من ساللة االربوراكرز وتم توزعهم 256تقسة حرارة ) تعرض 2نظام بروتن غذائ 2معامالت ) 8عشوائا عل ساعة عند 24 لمدة 77م ورطوبة ordm 373لكتاكت لدرجة حرارة مجموعة من ا
م ورطوبة نسبة 33أام ثم العودة ال درجة الحرارة والرطوبة الطبعة ) 3عمر وكان نظام من كل ساللة ( 45م ورطوبة نسبة ordm 33( وأخري كنترول )45
( أو قاس 24عال )وم 21عمر البروتن المتبع ف عالئق البادئ حتى(22)
أام إل انخفاض معدل 3تعرض الكتاكت ال التقسة الحرارة عند عمر أدى وم من العمر( 4-3النمو وكذلك سوء الكفاءة الغذائة خالل فترة التقسة الحرارة )
وم كان هناك تشابه ف 21-1مقارنة بمجموعة الكنترول أما خالل الفترة من عمر كما أظهرت النتائج انخفاض مستوي هرمون الثروكسن لكفاءة الغذائةمعدل النمو وا
وم للمجامع المعرضه للتقسة الحرارة مقارنة 21ف بالزما الدم عند عمر بالكنترول
4-3أدى نظام البروتن الغذائ المرتفع ال زادة معدل النمو فقط خالل فترة من ة مستوي االلبومن والجلوكوز والمالونالدهد وم من العمروكذلك زاد 21-1اام و
والكرات الدم القاعدة والدلل المناع ف بالزما الدم ولكن انخفضت النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن ف بالزما الدم أما بالنسبة لتأثر التركب الوراث فكانت هناك
ة والفسولوجة حث تفوقت ساللة العدد من التأثرات الواضحة ف اإلستجابة اإلنتاجوم وعدد كرات الدم البضاء 21-1االربوركرز ف الصفات االنتاجة ف الفترة من
وكرات الدم الحامضة عن ساللة الهابرد الت كانت متفوقة ف النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن وكرات الدم القاعدة والخلطة
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
ن الساللة والتقسة الحرارة ونظام البروتن الغذائ وقد ظهر تداخل معنوي بوم من العمر وكذلك معدل 21-1اام والفترة من 4-3عل معدل النمو خالل الفترة وم من العمر وكذلك النشاط البلعم 21-1التحول الغذائ ف الفترة من
قاس عتبران أداة مما سبق تضح أن التقسة الحرارة و نظام البروتن الغذائ المناسبة لمعاملة دجاج اللحم ف المناطق المرتفعة ف درجات الحرارة والمماثلة لظروف
تلك المنطقة الت أجرت بها
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
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09
97
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Table 2 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and broiler strain on body weight gain feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens
Body weight gain g Treatments
Days 1-21 3-4 d Days
Thermal condition1
521 788b
TC
524 132a
C
NS 00001 P value
322 0315 SEM
Protein regimen1
527a
110a
High
517b
101b
Standard
003 0046 P value
322 0315 SEM
Strain1
507 b
112 a
Hub
537 a
984 b
AA
00001 0006 P value
322 0315 SEM
Feed intake g chick period
Thermal condition2
664b
190b
TC
690a
216a
C
0004 00011 P value
629 0544 SEM
Protein regimen2
681 200 High
673 206 Standard
NS NS P value
629 0544 SEM
Strain2
671 208 Hub
683 198 AA
NS NS P value
629 0544 SEM
Feed conversion ratio g feedg gain
Thermal condition2
128 235a
TC
131 159b
C
NS 00001 P value
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Cont Table 2 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and broiler strain on body weight gain feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens
0013 0072 SEM
Protein regimen2
129 187 High
130 207 Standard
NS NS P value
0013 0072 SEM
Strain2
131 199 Hub
128 195 AA
NS NS P value
0 013 0072 SEM 1 Number of observation =256
2 Number of observation =32
abc Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are
significantly different Pgt 005 NS= Not significant TC=thermal conditioning C=Control
and genotype had no significant effect on FCR during days 1-21 of
age indicating that broilers chicks exhibited compensatory growth
There was a significant interaction between strain of broiler
TC and PR on BWG during days 3-4 and 1-21 of age (Table 3)
During days 3-4 of age under thermal conditions (C and TC) feeding
high PR significantly enhanced growth of only Hub broilers compared
to standard PR However high PR induced a detrimental effect on
growth of AA chicks under only TC During days 1-21 of age Hub
broilers responded similarly to different PR under C and TC however
high PR increased BWG of AA chicks under C but induced the
contrary effect under TC this indicated PR by strain interaction
Similarly Widyaratne and Drew (2011) indicated that low-protein
diets can support growth performance equal to high-protein diets In
the contrast there was no significant interaction in feed intake during
all tested periods (Table 3) There was a significant interaction in FCR
during days 1-21 of age FCR of the AA chicks exposed to control and
TC and fed high PR was significantly better FCR than Hub chicks on
the same treatments Broilers of both strains exposed to TC at day 3 of
age and fed standard PR had the best FCR during days 1-21 of age
Meanwhile under C condition feeding Hub standard PR and AA
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
99
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
chicks high PR resulted in the best FCR with later strain produced
significantly better FCR than the Hub one These results indicated that
the response of productive performance of broilers chicks to PR
depends on TC and broiler genotype
Biochemical constituents of blood plasma
Total plasma protein albumen globulin glucose alkaline
phosphatase cholesterol and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) at day
21 of age were not significantly affected (Table 4) However MDA at
day 21 of age was significantly higher of TC groups than that of C
These results are similar to those reported by Yahav and McMurtry
(2001) and Requena et al (2010) who indicated that the effect of TC
depends on the severity and length of heat exposure (Attia et al
2011) In addition TC lowered significantly plasma T3 and plasma
globulin-albumin ratio than the C group
Protein regimen significantly affected only plasma albumin
globulin and globulinndashalbumin ratio glucose and MDA at day 21 of
age where high PR resulted in higher plasma albumin glucose and
MDA than the corresponding values obtained of the standard PR
Meanwhile the contrary was shown in the globulin and globulin-
albumin ratio
Genotype had only a significant impact on plasma globulin-
albumin ratio where AA chicks exhibited lower value than the Hub
one There was no significant interaction between strain of broilers
thermal conditioning and CP regimen on biochemical constituents of
blood plasma mentioned before (Table 5)
Blood hematological constituents
Thermal conditioning had a significant negative effect only on
lymphocyte and esinophil (Table 6) Meanwhile the contrary was
shown in the basophil Dietary PR had no significant effect on most of
blood hematological constituents except for basophil and PI at day 21
of age Feeding high PR resulted in higher basophils and PI than
those of standard regimen The relationship between disease control
and nutritional regimen was recently reviewed (Lister 2010) In
agreement with the present results chicks fed high PR resulted in
higher persistency in antibody production at days 10 and 15 after
inoculation with sheep red blood cells than those fed the 19 CP
9
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group (Praharaj et al 1998 Melo et al 1998) and supplementation
with methionine and choline significantly improved cellular and
humoral immune response (Swain and Johri 2000) Arbor acres
strain had significantly higher WBCs lymphocytes and esinophil than
Hub strain Meanwhile the contrary was shown in basophil and
heterophil
There was no significant interaction between strains of
broilers TC and PR on most of blood hematological at day 21 of age
(Table 7) expect for phagocytes activity Hub chicks exposed to C
and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain exposed to TC and fed the same diet The AA chicks exposed to
TC and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain kept on C and fed high and standard PR Meanwhile Hub
chicks exposed to TC and fed high PR had significantly lower PA than
that of AA chicks on the same treatments However Hub chicks
exposed to C and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of
AA chicks on the same treatments These findings indicated different
genetic potential between the two strains under investigation which
may be ascribed to variations in genetic makeup (Rosa et al 2007
Benyi et al 2009 Abdullah et al 2010 Yakubu et al 2010)
It could be concluded that broilers exposed to TC and fed
standard PR exhibited compensatory growth suggesting that TC and
standard PR may be suitable management tool to improve chickens
tolerance to heat stress late in life particularly in high temperature
regions
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Arjona A D Denbow and W Weaver 1990 Neonatally-induced
thermotolerance Physiological responses Comp Bio-chem
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Association Of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990 Official
Methods of Analysis Association of Analytical Chemists 15th
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7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Attia Y A S A Abd El-Rahman and E M A Qota 2001 Effects of microbial phytase with or without cell-wall splitting
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Attia Y A M Barbara Dora Bohmer and A Roth-Maier 2006 Responded of broiler chicks raised under constant relatively
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Geflugelkunde 70 80-91
Attia Y A R A Hassan A E Tag El-Din and B M Abou-
Shehema 2011 Effect of ascorbic acid or increasing
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Anim Phys Anim Nutr in press early view
Attia Y A Mona Osman El-Samra Abou-Egla and A A
Eldeek 1995 Response of growth feed conversion and
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methods time and diet quality Mansoura J Agri Sci
203261-3282
Benyi K OAcheampong-Boateng DNorris MMathoho and
MSMikasi 2009 The response of Ross 308 and Hybro broiler
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Anim Health and Prod 41 1707-1713
Cahaner A YPinchasov INir and ZNitsan 1995 Effects of
dietary protein under high ambient temperature on body weight
breast meat yield and abdominal fat deposition of broiler stocks
differing in growth rate and fatness Poult Sci 74 968 ndash 975
Coles E H 1974 Veterinary clinical pathology pp 211-213 W B
Saunder Company Philadelphia London Toronto
Combination of vaccination and competitive exclusion to
prevent Salmonella colonization in chickens experimental
studies Inter J Food Microbial 4935-42
Daghir N2008 Nutrient requirements of poultry at high temperature
In Poultry production in hot climates (Daghir N J editor) 2nd
edition CAB International UK
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Dale N M and H LFuller 1979 Effects of diet composition on
feed intake and growth of chicks under heat stress 1 Dietary fat
levels Poult Sci 581529 -1534
Deaton JW FN Reece SL Branton and JD May 1986 High
environmental temperature and broiler livability Poult Sci
651268-1269
De BasilioV MVilarino S Yahav and M Picard 2001 Early-
age thermal conditioning and a dual feeding program for male
broilers challenged by heat stress Poult Sci 8029-36
Doumas B T D Watson and H G Biggs 1977 Albumin
standards and the measurement of blood albumin with
bromocisol green Clin Chem Acta 3187-96
Eilers R J 1967 Notification of final adoption of an international
method and standard olution for hemoglobinometry
specifications for preparation of a standard solution Amer J
Clin Path 47 212-214
Hepler O E 1966 Manual of clinical laboratory methods Thomas
sparing field Illinois USA
Kawahara E T Ueda and S Nomura 1991 In vitro phagocytic
activity of white spotted shark cells after injection with
Aeromonas salmonicida extracelluar products Gyobyo
Kenkyu Japan 26 213-214
Koracevic D G Koracevic V Djordjevic S Andrejevic and V
Cosic 2001 Method for the measurement of antioxidant
activity in human fluids J Clin Pathol 54356-361
Lin H H C Jiao J Buyse and E Decuypere 2006 Strategies for
preventing heat stress in poultry Worlds Poult Sci J 62 71-
85
Lister S A 2010 Poultry diseases ndash their control and effects on
nutritional requirements Worlds Poult Sci J 66 633-638
Lucas A M and C Jamroz 1961 Atlas of Avian Hematology
Agriculture Monograph 25 USDA Washington DC USA
Melo J G Mallo C Campelletti E Villar M C Miquel and F
Hoffman 1998 Influence of two different protein content diets
and two broiler strains on antibody production Revista de
Medicina Veterinaria (Buenos Aires) 79169minus171
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Musharaf NA and J D Latshaw 1999 Heat increment as
affected by protein and amino acid nutrition Worldrsquos PoultSci
J 55 233-239
National Research Council (NRC) 1994 Nutrient requirement of
poultry 9th
revised Edn National Academy Press Washington
DC USA
Praharaj N K S V Ramarao M R Reddy G Shyam-Sunder
and B L N Reddy 1998 Sire by protein interactions for
growth feed efficiency and immunoresponsiveness in coloured
broilers Indian J Anim Sci 681065-1067
Requena F V De Basilio Y Oliveros E Saume A Mendez D
Fung J Marquina and D Bastianelli 2010 Tuning
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Conference 2704-2708
Richard M J B Portal J Meo C Coudray A Hadjian and A
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plasma and lipoprotein fractions that react with thiobarbituric
acid Clin Chem 38 704-709
Rosa P S D E Faria Filho F Dahlke B S Vieira M Macari
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Saleh K Y A Attia and H Younis 1996 Effect of feed restriction
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SAS Institute (1996) SASreg
Userrsquos Guide Statistics Version 6 Edn
SAS Institute Inc Cary NC USA
Swain B K and T S Johri 2000 Effect of supplemental
methionine choline and their combinations on the performance
and immune of broilers Br Poult Sci 4183-88
Teeter R G 1994Optimizing production of heat stressed broilers
Poult Dig 2610ndash24
Teeter RG MO Smith FN Owens and SC Arp 1985
Chronic Heat Stress and Respiratory Alkalosis Occurrence and
treatment in broiler chicks Poult Sci 64 1060-1064
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Temim S A M Chagneau S Guillaumein J Mitchel R
Peresson and S Tesseraud 2000 Does excess dietary Protein
improve growth performance and characteristics in heat exposed
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Trinder P 1969 Determination of glucose in blood using glucose
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Biochem 6 24-26
US National Climatic Data Center 2008 Global warming frequently
asked questions 2008
httpwwwncdcnoaagovoaclimateglobalwarminghtml
Watson D 1960 A simple method for determination of serum
cholesterol Clin Chem Acta 5 637-643
Weichselbaum TE 1946 An accurate and rapid methode for
determination of proteins in small amount of blood serum and
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Widyaratne G P and M D Drew 2011 Effects of protein level
and digestibility on the growth and carcass characteristics of
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Yahav S 2000 Domestic fowl-Strategies to confront environmental
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Yahav S and JP McMurtry 2001 Thermotolerance acquisition
in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life-the
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1666
Yahav S and I Plavnik 1999 Effect of early ndash age thermal
conditioning and food restriction on performance and thermo-
tolerance of male broiler chickens Br Poult Sci 40 120 ndash
126
Yakubu A J A Ayoade and Y M Dahiru 2010 Effects of
genotype and population density on growth performance
carcass characteristics and cost-benefits of broiler chickens in
north central Nigeria Trop Anim Health and Prod 42 719-
727
Yan F JH Kersey CA Fritts PW Waldroup H L Stilborn
RC Jr Crumm and DW Rice (DGKC) 1972 Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuumlr Klinische
Chemie Z Klin Chimerical und Klinical Biochemsirty
10182
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Young DS CL Pestaner and U Gilberman 1975 Effects of
drugs on clinical laboratory tests Clin Chem 21 3660
الملخص العربي
للتقسة الحرارة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد التعرض وم 12حتى عمر ونظام البروتن الغذائ
2ولد شعبان حبش ndash 1ريسام اجا - 2وسف عبد الوهاب عطة-2ولد الطحاوي
جامعة دمنهور ndashكلة الزراعة ndash قسم االنتاج الحوان والداجن 1 اثنا-جامعة جورجا ndashقسم علوم الدواجن 2
أجرت هذه التجربة بهدف دراسة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد
األقتصادة وهرمون البروتن الغذائ عل الصفاتالتعرض للتقسة الحرارة ونظام تم استخدام ومكونات الدم البوكماوة والهماتولوجة الثروكسن ف بالزما الدم
كتكوت من ساللة الهابرد و نفس العدد من ساللة االربوراكرز وتم توزعهم 256تقسة حرارة ) تعرض 2نظام بروتن غذائ 2معامالت ) 8عشوائا عل ساعة عند 24 لمدة 77م ورطوبة ordm 373لكتاكت لدرجة حرارة مجموعة من ا
م ورطوبة نسبة 33أام ثم العودة ال درجة الحرارة والرطوبة الطبعة ) 3عمر وكان نظام من كل ساللة ( 45م ورطوبة نسبة ordm 33( وأخري كنترول )45
( أو قاس 24عال )وم 21عمر البروتن المتبع ف عالئق البادئ حتى(22)
أام إل انخفاض معدل 3تعرض الكتاكت ال التقسة الحرارة عند عمر أدى وم من العمر( 4-3النمو وكذلك سوء الكفاءة الغذائة خالل فترة التقسة الحرارة )
وم كان هناك تشابه ف 21-1مقارنة بمجموعة الكنترول أما خالل الفترة من عمر كما أظهرت النتائج انخفاض مستوي هرمون الثروكسن لكفاءة الغذائةمعدل النمو وا
وم للمجامع المعرضه للتقسة الحرارة مقارنة 21ف بالزما الدم عند عمر بالكنترول
4-3أدى نظام البروتن الغذائ المرتفع ال زادة معدل النمو فقط خالل فترة من ة مستوي االلبومن والجلوكوز والمالونالدهد وم من العمروكذلك زاد 21-1اام و
والكرات الدم القاعدة والدلل المناع ف بالزما الدم ولكن انخفضت النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن ف بالزما الدم أما بالنسبة لتأثر التركب الوراث فكانت هناك
ة والفسولوجة حث تفوقت ساللة العدد من التأثرات الواضحة ف اإلستجابة اإلنتاجوم وعدد كرات الدم البضاء 21-1االربوركرز ف الصفات االنتاجة ف الفترة من
وكرات الدم الحامضة عن ساللة الهابرد الت كانت متفوقة ف النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن وكرات الدم القاعدة والخلطة
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
ن الساللة والتقسة الحرارة ونظام البروتن الغذائ وقد ظهر تداخل معنوي بوم من العمر وكذلك معدل 21-1اام والفترة من 4-3عل معدل النمو خالل الفترة وم من العمر وكذلك النشاط البلعم 21-1التحول الغذائ ف الفترة من
قاس عتبران أداة مما سبق تضح أن التقسة الحرارة و نظام البروتن الغذائ المناسبة لمعاملة دجاج اللحم ف المناطق المرتفعة ف درجات الحرارة والمماثلة لظروف
تلك المنطقة الت أجرت بها
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Cont Table 2 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and broiler strain on body weight gain feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens
0013 0072 SEM
Protein regimen2
129 187 High
130 207 Standard
NS NS P value
0013 0072 SEM
Strain2
131 199 Hub
128 195 AA
NS NS P value
0 013 0072 SEM 1 Number of observation =256
2 Number of observation =32
abc Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are
significantly different Pgt 005 NS= Not significant TC=thermal conditioning C=Control
and genotype had no significant effect on FCR during days 1-21 of
age indicating that broilers chicks exhibited compensatory growth
There was a significant interaction between strain of broiler
TC and PR on BWG during days 3-4 and 1-21 of age (Table 3)
During days 3-4 of age under thermal conditions (C and TC) feeding
high PR significantly enhanced growth of only Hub broilers compared
to standard PR However high PR induced a detrimental effect on
growth of AA chicks under only TC During days 1-21 of age Hub
broilers responded similarly to different PR under C and TC however
high PR increased BWG of AA chicks under C but induced the
contrary effect under TC this indicated PR by strain interaction
Similarly Widyaratne and Drew (2011) indicated that low-protein
diets can support growth performance equal to high-protein diets In
the contrast there was no significant interaction in feed intake during
all tested periods (Table 3) There was a significant interaction in FCR
during days 1-21 of age FCR of the AA chicks exposed to control and
TC and fed high PR was significantly better FCR than Hub chicks on
the same treatments Broilers of both strains exposed to TC at day 3 of
age and fed standard PR had the best FCR during days 1-21 of age
Meanwhile under C condition feeding Hub standard PR and AA
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
99
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
chicks high PR resulted in the best FCR with later strain produced
significantly better FCR than the Hub one These results indicated that
the response of productive performance of broilers chicks to PR
depends on TC and broiler genotype
Biochemical constituents of blood plasma
Total plasma protein albumen globulin glucose alkaline
phosphatase cholesterol and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) at day
21 of age were not significantly affected (Table 4) However MDA at
day 21 of age was significantly higher of TC groups than that of C
These results are similar to those reported by Yahav and McMurtry
(2001) and Requena et al (2010) who indicated that the effect of TC
depends on the severity and length of heat exposure (Attia et al
2011) In addition TC lowered significantly plasma T3 and plasma
globulin-albumin ratio than the C group
Protein regimen significantly affected only plasma albumin
globulin and globulinndashalbumin ratio glucose and MDA at day 21 of
age where high PR resulted in higher plasma albumin glucose and
MDA than the corresponding values obtained of the standard PR
Meanwhile the contrary was shown in the globulin and globulin-
albumin ratio
Genotype had only a significant impact on plasma globulin-
albumin ratio where AA chicks exhibited lower value than the Hub
one There was no significant interaction between strain of broilers
thermal conditioning and CP regimen on biochemical constituents of
blood plasma mentioned before (Table 5)
Blood hematological constituents
Thermal conditioning had a significant negative effect only on
lymphocyte and esinophil (Table 6) Meanwhile the contrary was
shown in the basophil Dietary PR had no significant effect on most of
blood hematological constituents except for basophil and PI at day 21
of age Feeding high PR resulted in higher basophils and PI than
those of standard regimen The relationship between disease control
and nutritional regimen was recently reviewed (Lister 2010) In
agreement with the present results chicks fed high PR resulted in
higher persistency in antibody production at days 10 and 15 after
inoculation with sheep red blood cells than those fed the 19 CP
9
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group (Praharaj et al 1998 Melo et al 1998) and supplementation
with methionine and choline significantly improved cellular and
humoral immune response (Swain and Johri 2000) Arbor acres
strain had significantly higher WBCs lymphocytes and esinophil than
Hub strain Meanwhile the contrary was shown in basophil and
heterophil
There was no significant interaction between strains of
broilers TC and PR on most of blood hematological at day 21 of age
(Table 7) expect for phagocytes activity Hub chicks exposed to C
and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain exposed to TC and fed the same diet The AA chicks exposed to
TC and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain kept on C and fed high and standard PR Meanwhile Hub
chicks exposed to TC and fed high PR had significantly lower PA than
that of AA chicks on the same treatments However Hub chicks
exposed to C and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of
AA chicks on the same treatments These findings indicated different
genetic potential between the two strains under investigation which
may be ascribed to variations in genetic makeup (Rosa et al 2007
Benyi et al 2009 Abdullah et al 2010 Yakubu et al 2010)
It could be concluded that broilers exposed to TC and fed
standard PR exhibited compensatory growth suggesting that TC and
standard PR may be suitable management tool to improve chickens
tolerance to heat stress late in life particularly in high temperature
regions
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and M A A Ishmais 2010 Growth performance carcass and
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Arjona A D Denbow and W Weaver 1990 Neonatally-induced
thermotolerance Physiological responses Comp Bio-chem
Physiol 95A393ndash399
Association Of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990 Official
Methods of Analysis Association of Analytical Chemists 15th
Ed Washington DC USA
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Attia Y A S A Abd El-Rahman and E M A Qota 2001 Effects of microbial phytase with or without cell-wall splitting
enzymes on the performance of broilers fed suboptimum levels
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J 21 521-547
Attia Y A M Barbara Dora Bohmer and A Roth-Maier 2006 Responded of broiler chicks raised under constant relatively
high ambient temperature to enzymes amino acid
supplementations or a high-nutrient diet Archive fur
Geflugelkunde 70 80-91
Attia Y A R A Hassan A E Tag El-Din and B M Abou-
Shehema 2011 Effect of ascorbic acid or increasing
metabolizable energy level with or without supplementation of
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traits of slow-growing chicks exposed to chronic heat stress J
Anim Phys Anim Nutr in press early view
Attia Y A Mona Osman El-Samra Abou-Egla and A A
Eldeek 1995 Response of growth feed conversion and
carcass characteristics of broiler chicks to feed restriction
methods time and diet quality Mansoura J Agri Sci
203261-3282
Benyi K OAcheampong-Boateng DNorris MMathoho and
MSMikasi 2009 The response of Ross 308 and Hybro broiler
chickens to early and late skip-a-day feed restriction Tropical
Anim Health and Prod 41 1707-1713
Cahaner A YPinchasov INir and ZNitsan 1995 Effects of
dietary protein under high ambient temperature on body weight
breast meat yield and abdominal fat deposition of broiler stocks
differing in growth rate and fatness Poult Sci 74 968 ndash 975
Coles E H 1974 Veterinary clinical pathology pp 211-213 W B
Saunder Company Philadelphia London Toronto
Combination of vaccination and competitive exclusion to
prevent Salmonella colonization in chickens experimental
studies Inter J Food Microbial 4935-42
Daghir N2008 Nutrient requirements of poultry at high temperature
In Poultry production in hot climates (Daghir N J editor) 2nd
edition CAB International UK
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Dale N M and H LFuller 1979 Effects of diet composition on
feed intake and growth of chicks under heat stress 1 Dietary fat
levels Poult Sci 581529 -1534
Deaton JW FN Reece SL Branton and JD May 1986 High
environmental temperature and broiler livability Poult Sci
651268-1269
De BasilioV MVilarino S Yahav and M Picard 2001 Early-
age thermal conditioning and a dual feeding program for male
broilers challenged by heat stress Poult Sci 8029-36
Doumas B T D Watson and H G Biggs 1977 Albumin
standards and the measurement of blood albumin with
bromocisol green Clin Chem Acta 3187-96
Eilers R J 1967 Notification of final adoption of an international
method and standard olution for hemoglobinometry
specifications for preparation of a standard solution Amer J
Clin Path 47 212-214
Hepler O E 1966 Manual of clinical laboratory methods Thomas
sparing field Illinois USA
Kawahara E T Ueda and S Nomura 1991 In vitro phagocytic
activity of white spotted shark cells after injection with
Aeromonas salmonicida extracelluar products Gyobyo
Kenkyu Japan 26 213-214
Koracevic D G Koracevic V Djordjevic S Andrejevic and V
Cosic 2001 Method for the measurement of antioxidant
activity in human fluids J Clin Pathol 54356-361
Lin H H C Jiao J Buyse and E Decuypere 2006 Strategies for
preventing heat stress in poultry Worlds Poult Sci J 62 71-
85
Lister S A 2010 Poultry diseases ndash their control and effects on
nutritional requirements Worlds Poult Sci J 66 633-638
Lucas A M and C Jamroz 1961 Atlas of Avian Hematology
Agriculture Monograph 25 USDA Washington DC USA
Melo J G Mallo C Campelletti E Villar M C Miquel and F
Hoffman 1998 Influence of two different protein content diets
and two broiler strains on antibody production Revista de
Medicina Veterinaria (Buenos Aires) 79169minus171
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Musharaf NA and J D Latshaw 1999 Heat increment as
affected by protein and amino acid nutrition Worldrsquos PoultSci
J 55 233-239
National Research Council (NRC) 1994 Nutrient requirement of
poultry 9th
revised Edn National Academy Press Washington
DC USA
Praharaj N K S V Ramarao M R Reddy G Shyam-Sunder
and B L N Reddy 1998 Sire by protein interactions for
growth feed efficiency and immunoresponsiveness in coloured
broilers Indian J Anim Sci 681065-1067
Requena F V De Basilio Y Oliveros E Saume A Mendez D
Fung J Marquina and D Bastianelli 2010 Tuning
environmental parameters to maximize efficiency of early
thermal conditioning in broilers XIIIth European Poultry
Conference 2704-2708
Richard M J B Portal J Meo C Coudray A Hadjian and A
Favier 1992 Malondialdehyde kit evaluated for determining
plasma and lipoprotein fractions that react with thiobarbituric
acid Clin Chem 38 704-709
Rosa P S D E Faria Filho F Dahlke B S Vieira M Macari
and R L Fulan 2007 Effect of Energy Intake on performance
and carcass composition of broiler chickens from two different
genetic groups BrazJ PoultSci 9117-122
Saleh K Y A Attia and H Younis 1996 Effect of feed restriction
and breed on compensatory growth abdominal fat and some
production traits of broiler chicks Archiv Fuumlr Gefluumlgelkunde
60 (4)153-159
SAS Institute (1996) SASreg
Userrsquos Guide Statistics Version 6 Edn
SAS Institute Inc Cary NC USA
Swain B K and T S Johri 2000 Effect of supplemental
methionine choline and their combinations on the performance
and immune of broilers Br Poult Sci 4183-88
Teeter R G 1994Optimizing production of heat stressed broilers
Poult Dig 2610ndash24
Teeter RG MO Smith FN Owens and SC Arp 1985
Chronic Heat Stress and Respiratory Alkalosis Occurrence and
treatment in broiler chicks Poult Sci 64 1060-1064
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Temim S A M Chagneau S Guillaumein J Mitchel R
Peresson and S Tesseraud 2000 Does excess dietary Protein
improve growth performance and characteristics in heat exposed
chickens Poult Sci 79 312 ndash 317
Trinder P 1969 Determination of glucose in blood using glucose
oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor Annals of Clin
Biochem 6 24-26
US National Climatic Data Center 2008 Global warming frequently
asked questions 2008
httpwwwncdcnoaagovoaclimateglobalwarminghtml
Watson D 1960 A simple method for determination of serum
cholesterol Clin Chem Acta 5 637-643
Weichselbaum TE 1946 An accurate and rapid methode for
determination of proteins in small amount of blood serum and
plasma Am J Clin Pathol 16 40ndash48
Widyaratne G P and M D Drew 2011 Effects of protein level
and digestibility on the growth and carcass characteristics of
broiler chickens Poult Sci 90595-603
Yahav S 2000 Domestic fowl-Strategies to confront environmental
conditions Avian and Poult Biol Rev 1181-95
Yahav S and JP McMurtry 2001 Thermotolerance acquisition
in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life-the
effect of timing and ambient temperature Poult Sci 12 1662-
1666
Yahav S and I Plavnik 1999 Effect of early ndash age thermal
conditioning and food restriction on performance and thermo-
tolerance of male broiler chickens Br Poult Sci 40 120 ndash
126
Yakubu A J A Ayoade and Y M Dahiru 2010 Effects of
genotype and population density on growth performance
carcass characteristics and cost-benefits of broiler chickens in
north central Nigeria Trop Anim Health and Prod 42 719-
727
Yan F JH Kersey CA Fritts PW Waldroup H L Stilborn
RC Jr Crumm and DW Rice (DGKC) 1972 Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuumlr Klinische
Chemie Z Klin Chimerical und Klinical Biochemsirty
10182
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Young DS CL Pestaner and U Gilberman 1975 Effects of
drugs on clinical laboratory tests Clin Chem 21 3660
الملخص العربي
للتقسة الحرارة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد التعرض وم 12حتى عمر ونظام البروتن الغذائ
2ولد شعبان حبش ndash 1ريسام اجا - 2وسف عبد الوهاب عطة-2ولد الطحاوي
جامعة دمنهور ndashكلة الزراعة ndash قسم االنتاج الحوان والداجن 1 اثنا-جامعة جورجا ndashقسم علوم الدواجن 2
أجرت هذه التجربة بهدف دراسة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد
األقتصادة وهرمون البروتن الغذائ عل الصفاتالتعرض للتقسة الحرارة ونظام تم استخدام ومكونات الدم البوكماوة والهماتولوجة الثروكسن ف بالزما الدم
كتكوت من ساللة الهابرد و نفس العدد من ساللة االربوراكرز وتم توزعهم 256تقسة حرارة ) تعرض 2نظام بروتن غذائ 2معامالت ) 8عشوائا عل ساعة عند 24 لمدة 77م ورطوبة ordm 373لكتاكت لدرجة حرارة مجموعة من ا
م ورطوبة نسبة 33أام ثم العودة ال درجة الحرارة والرطوبة الطبعة ) 3عمر وكان نظام من كل ساللة ( 45م ورطوبة نسبة ordm 33( وأخري كنترول )45
( أو قاس 24عال )وم 21عمر البروتن المتبع ف عالئق البادئ حتى(22)
أام إل انخفاض معدل 3تعرض الكتاكت ال التقسة الحرارة عند عمر أدى وم من العمر( 4-3النمو وكذلك سوء الكفاءة الغذائة خالل فترة التقسة الحرارة )
وم كان هناك تشابه ف 21-1مقارنة بمجموعة الكنترول أما خالل الفترة من عمر كما أظهرت النتائج انخفاض مستوي هرمون الثروكسن لكفاءة الغذائةمعدل النمو وا
وم للمجامع المعرضه للتقسة الحرارة مقارنة 21ف بالزما الدم عند عمر بالكنترول
4-3أدى نظام البروتن الغذائ المرتفع ال زادة معدل النمو فقط خالل فترة من ة مستوي االلبومن والجلوكوز والمالونالدهد وم من العمروكذلك زاد 21-1اام و
والكرات الدم القاعدة والدلل المناع ف بالزما الدم ولكن انخفضت النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن ف بالزما الدم أما بالنسبة لتأثر التركب الوراث فكانت هناك
ة والفسولوجة حث تفوقت ساللة العدد من التأثرات الواضحة ف اإلستجابة اإلنتاجوم وعدد كرات الدم البضاء 21-1االربوركرز ف الصفات االنتاجة ف الفترة من
وكرات الدم الحامضة عن ساللة الهابرد الت كانت متفوقة ف النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن وكرات الدم القاعدة والخلطة
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
ن الساللة والتقسة الحرارة ونظام البروتن الغذائ وقد ظهر تداخل معنوي بوم من العمر وكذلك معدل 21-1اام والفترة من 4-3عل معدل النمو خالل الفترة وم من العمر وكذلك النشاط البلعم 21-1التحول الغذائ ف الفترة من
قاس عتبران أداة مما سبق تضح أن التقسة الحرارة و نظام البروتن الغذائ المناسبة لمعاملة دجاج اللحم ف المناطق المرتفعة ف درجات الحرارة والمماثلة لظروف
تلك المنطقة الت أجرت بها
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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09
Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
98
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
99
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
chicks high PR resulted in the best FCR with later strain produced
significantly better FCR than the Hub one These results indicated that
the response of productive performance of broilers chicks to PR
depends on TC and broiler genotype
Biochemical constituents of blood plasma
Total plasma protein albumen globulin glucose alkaline
phosphatase cholesterol and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) at day
21 of age were not significantly affected (Table 4) However MDA at
day 21 of age was significantly higher of TC groups than that of C
These results are similar to those reported by Yahav and McMurtry
(2001) and Requena et al (2010) who indicated that the effect of TC
depends on the severity and length of heat exposure (Attia et al
2011) In addition TC lowered significantly plasma T3 and plasma
globulin-albumin ratio than the C group
Protein regimen significantly affected only plasma albumin
globulin and globulinndashalbumin ratio glucose and MDA at day 21 of
age where high PR resulted in higher plasma albumin glucose and
MDA than the corresponding values obtained of the standard PR
Meanwhile the contrary was shown in the globulin and globulin-
albumin ratio
Genotype had only a significant impact on plasma globulin-
albumin ratio where AA chicks exhibited lower value than the Hub
one There was no significant interaction between strain of broilers
thermal conditioning and CP regimen on biochemical constituents of
blood plasma mentioned before (Table 5)
Blood hematological constituents
Thermal conditioning had a significant negative effect only on
lymphocyte and esinophil (Table 6) Meanwhile the contrary was
shown in the basophil Dietary PR had no significant effect on most of
blood hematological constituents except for basophil and PI at day 21
of age Feeding high PR resulted in higher basophils and PI than
those of standard regimen The relationship between disease control
and nutritional regimen was recently reviewed (Lister 2010) In
agreement with the present results chicks fed high PR resulted in
higher persistency in antibody production at days 10 and 15 after
inoculation with sheep red blood cells than those fed the 19 CP
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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group (Praharaj et al 1998 Melo et al 1998) and supplementation
with methionine and choline significantly improved cellular and
humoral immune response (Swain and Johri 2000) Arbor acres
strain had significantly higher WBCs lymphocytes and esinophil than
Hub strain Meanwhile the contrary was shown in basophil and
heterophil
There was no significant interaction between strains of
broilers TC and PR on most of blood hematological at day 21 of age
(Table 7) expect for phagocytes activity Hub chicks exposed to C
and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain exposed to TC and fed the same diet The AA chicks exposed to
TC and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain kept on C and fed high and standard PR Meanwhile Hub
chicks exposed to TC and fed high PR had significantly lower PA than
that of AA chicks on the same treatments However Hub chicks
exposed to C and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of
AA chicks on the same treatments These findings indicated different
genetic potential between the two strains under investigation which
may be ascribed to variations in genetic makeup (Rosa et al 2007
Benyi et al 2009 Abdullah et al 2010 Yakubu et al 2010)
It could be concluded that broilers exposed to TC and fed
standard PR exhibited compensatory growth suggesting that TC and
standard PR may be suitable management tool to improve chickens
tolerance to heat stress late in life particularly in high temperature
regions
REFERENCES
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and M A A Ishmais 2010 Growth performance carcass and
meat quality characteristics of different commercial crosses of
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Arjona A D Denbow and W Weaver 1990 Neonatally-induced
thermotolerance Physiological responses Comp Bio-chem
Physiol 95A393ndash399
Association Of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990 Official
Methods of Analysis Association of Analytical Chemists 15th
Ed Washington DC USA
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Attia Y A S A Abd El-Rahman and E M A Qota 2001 Effects of microbial phytase with or without cell-wall splitting
enzymes on the performance of broilers fed suboptimum levels
of dietary protein and metaboilzable energy Egyptian Poult Sci
J 21 521-547
Attia Y A M Barbara Dora Bohmer and A Roth-Maier 2006 Responded of broiler chicks raised under constant relatively
high ambient temperature to enzymes amino acid
supplementations or a high-nutrient diet Archive fur
Geflugelkunde 70 80-91
Attia Y A R A Hassan A E Tag El-Din and B M Abou-
Shehema 2011 Effect of ascorbic acid or increasing
metabolizable energy level with or without supplementation of
some essential amino acids on productive and physiological
traits of slow-growing chicks exposed to chronic heat stress J
Anim Phys Anim Nutr in press early view
Attia Y A Mona Osman El-Samra Abou-Egla and A A
Eldeek 1995 Response of growth feed conversion and
carcass characteristics of broiler chicks to feed restriction
methods time and diet quality Mansoura J Agri Sci
203261-3282
Benyi K OAcheampong-Boateng DNorris MMathoho and
MSMikasi 2009 The response of Ross 308 and Hybro broiler
chickens to early and late skip-a-day feed restriction Tropical
Anim Health and Prod 41 1707-1713
Cahaner A YPinchasov INir and ZNitsan 1995 Effects of
dietary protein under high ambient temperature on body weight
breast meat yield and abdominal fat deposition of broiler stocks
differing in growth rate and fatness Poult Sci 74 968 ndash 975
Coles E H 1974 Veterinary clinical pathology pp 211-213 W B
Saunder Company Philadelphia London Toronto
Combination of vaccination and competitive exclusion to
prevent Salmonella colonization in chickens experimental
studies Inter J Food Microbial 4935-42
Daghir N2008 Nutrient requirements of poultry at high temperature
In Poultry production in hot climates (Daghir N J editor) 2nd
edition CAB International UK
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Dale N M and H LFuller 1979 Effects of diet composition on
feed intake and growth of chicks under heat stress 1 Dietary fat
levels Poult Sci 581529 -1534
Deaton JW FN Reece SL Branton and JD May 1986 High
environmental temperature and broiler livability Poult Sci
651268-1269
De BasilioV MVilarino S Yahav and M Picard 2001 Early-
age thermal conditioning and a dual feeding program for male
broilers challenged by heat stress Poult Sci 8029-36
Doumas B T D Watson and H G Biggs 1977 Albumin
standards and the measurement of blood albumin with
bromocisol green Clin Chem Acta 3187-96
Eilers R J 1967 Notification of final adoption of an international
method and standard olution for hemoglobinometry
specifications for preparation of a standard solution Amer J
Clin Path 47 212-214
Hepler O E 1966 Manual of clinical laboratory methods Thomas
sparing field Illinois USA
Kawahara E T Ueda and S Nomura 1991 In vitro phagocytic
activity of white spotted shark cells after injection with
Aeromonas salmonicida extracelluar products Gyobyo
Kenkyu Japan 26 213-214
Koracevic D G Koracevic V Djordjevic S Andrejevic and V
Cosic 2001 Method for the measurement of antioxidant
activity in human fluids J Clin Pathol 54356-361
Lin H H C Jiao J Buyse and E Decuypere 2006 Strategies for
preventing heat stress in poultry Worlds Poult Sci J 62 71-
85
Lister S A 2010 Poultry diseases ndash their control and effects on
nutritional requirements Worlds Poult Sci J 66 633-638
Lucas A M and C Jamroz 1961 Atlas of Avian Hematology
Agriculture Monograph 25 USDA Washington DC USA
Melo J G Mallo C Campelletti E Villar M C Miquel and F
Hoffman 1998 Influence of two different protein content diets
and two broiler strains on antibody production Revista de
Medicina Veterinaria (Buenos Aires) 79169minus171
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Musharaf NA and J D Latshaw 1999 Heat increment as
affected by protein and amino acid nutrition Worldrsquos PoultSci
J 55 233-239
National Research Council (NRC) 1994 Nutrient requirement of
poultry 9th
revised Edn National Academy Press Washington
DC USA
Praharaj N K S V Ramarao M R Reddy G Shyam-Sunder
and B L N Reddy 1998 Sire by protein interactions for
growth feed efficiency and immunoresponsiveness in coloured
broilers Indian J Anim Sci 681065-1067
Requena F V De Basilio Y Oliveros E Saume A Mendez D
Fung J Marquina and D Bastianelli 2010 Tuning
environmental parameters to maximize efficiency of early
thermal conditioning in broilers XIIIth European Poultry
Conference 2704-2708
Richard M J B Portal J Meo C Coudray A Hadjian and A
Favier 1992 Malondialdehyde kit evaluated for determining
plasma and lipoprotein fractions that react with thiobarbituric
acid Clin Chem 38 704-709
Rosa P S D E Faria Filho F Dahlke B S Vieira M Macari
and R L Fulan 2007 Effect of Energy Intake on performance
and carcass composition of broiler chickens from two different
genetic groups BrazJ PoultSci 9117-122
Saleh K Y A Attia and H Younis 1996 Effect of feed restriction
and breed on compensatory growth abdominal fat and some
production traits of broiler chicks Archiv Fuumlr Gefluumlgelkunde
60 (4)153-159
SAS Institute (1996) SASreg
Userrsquos Guide Statistics Version 6 Edn
SAS Institute Inc Cary NC USA
Swain B K and T S Johri 2000 Effect of supplemental
methionine choline and their combinations on the performance
and immune of broilers Br Poult Sci 4183-88
Teeter R G 1994Optimizing production of heat stressed broilers
Poult Dig 2610ndash24
Teeter RG MO Smith FN Owens and SC Arp 1985
Chronic Heat Stress and Respiratory Alkalosis Occurrence and
treatment in broiler chicks Poult Sci 64 1060-1064
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Temim S A M Chagneau S Guillaumein J Mitchel R
Peresson and S Tesseraud 2000 Does excess dietary Protein
improve growth performance and characteristics in heat exposed
chickens Poult Sci 79 312 ndash 317
Trinder P 1969 Determination of glucose in blood using glucose
oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor Annals of Clin
Biochem 6 24-26
US National Climatic Data Center 2008 Global warming frequently
asked questions 2008
httpwwwncdcnoaagovoaclimateglobalwarminghtml
Watson D 1960 A simple method for determination of serum
cholesterol Clin Chem Acta 5 637-643
Weichselbaum TE 1946 An accurate and rapid methode for
determination of proteins in small amount of blood serum and
plasma Am J Clin Pathol 16 40ndash48
Widyaratne G P and M D Drew 2011 Effects of protein level
and digestibility on the growth and carcass characteristics of
broiler chickens Poult Sci 90595-603
Yahav S 2000 Domestic fowl-Strategies to confront environmental
conditions Avian and Poult Biol Rev 1181-95
Yahav S and JP McMurtry 2001 Thermotolerance acquisition
in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life-the
effect of timing and ambient temperature Poult Sci 12 1662-
1666
Yahav S and I Plavnik 1999 Effect of early ndash age thermal
conditioning and food restriction on performance and thermo-
tolerance of male broiler chickens Br Poult Sci 40 120 ndash
126
Yakubu A J A Ayoade and Y M Dahiru 2010 Effects of
genotype and population density on growth performance
carcass characteristics and cost-benefits of broiler chickens in
north central Nigeria Trop Anim Health and Prod 42 719-
727
Yan F JH Kersey CA Fritts PW Waldroup H L Stilborn
RC Jr Crumm and DW Rice (DGKC) 1972 Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuumlr Klinische
Chemie Z Klin Chimerical und Klinical Biochemsirty
10182
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Young DS CL Pestaner and U Gilberman 1975 Effects of
drugs on clinical laboratory tests Clin Chem 21 3660
الملخص العربي
للتقسة الحرارة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد التعرض وم 12حتى عمر ونظام البروتن الغذائ
2ولد شعبان حبش ndash 1ريسام اجا - 2وسف عبد الوهاب عطة-2ولد الطحاوي
جامعة دمنهور ndashكلة الزراعة ndash قسم االنتاج الحوان والداجن 1 اثنا-جامعة جورجا ndashقسم علوم الدواجن 2
أجرت هذه التجربة بهدف دراسة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد
األقتصادة وهرمون البروتن الغذائ عل الصفاتالتعرض للتقسة الحرارة ونظام تم استخدام ومكونات الدم البوكماوة والهماتولوجة الثروكسن ف بالزما الدم
كتكوت من ساللة الهابرد و نفس العدد من ساللة االربوراكرز وتم توزعهم 256تقسة حرارة ) تعرض 2نظام بروتن غذائ 2معامالت ) 8عشوائا عل ساعة عند 24 لمدة 77م ورطوبة ordm 373لكتاكت لدرجة حرارة مجموعة من ا
م ورطوبة نسبة 33أام ثم العودة ال درجة الحرارة والرطوبة الطبعة ) 3عمر وكان نظام من كل ساللة ( 45م ورطوبة نسبة ordm 33( وأخري كنترول )45
( أو قاس 24عال )وم 21عمر البروتن المتبع ف عالئق البادئ حتى(22)
أام إل انخفاض معدل 3تعرض الكتاكت ال التقسة الحرارة عند عمر أدى وم من العمر( 4-3النمو وكذلك سوء الكفاءة الغذائة خالل فترة التقسة الحرارة )
وم كان هناك تشابه ف 21-1مقارنة بمجموعة الكنترول أما خالل الفترة من عمر كما أظهرت النتائج انخفاض مستوي هرمون الثروكسن لكفاءة الغذائةمعدل النمو وا
وم للمجامع المعرضه للتقسة الحرارة مقارنة 21ف بالزما الدم عند عمر بالكنترول
4-3أدى نظام البروتن الغذائ المرتفع ال زادة معدل النمو فقط خالل فترة من ة مستوي االلبومن والجلوكوز والمالونالدهد وم من العمروكذلك زاد 21-1اام و
والكرات الدم القاعدة والدلل المناع ف بالزما الدم ولكن انخفضت النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن ف بالزما الدم أما بالنسبة لتأثر التركب الوراث فكانت هناك
ة والفسولوجة حث تفوقت ساللة العدد من التأثرات الواضحة ف اإلستجابة اإلنتاجوم وعدد كرات الدم البضاء 21-1االربوركرز ف الصفات االنتاجة ف الفترة من
وكرات الدم الحامضة عن ساللة الهابرد الت كانت متفوقة ف النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن وكرات الدم القاعدة والخلطة
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
ن الساللة والتقسة الحرارة ونظام البروتن الغذائ وقد ظهر تداخل معنوي بوم من العمر وكذلك معدل 21-1اام والفترة من 4-3عل معدل النمو خالل الفترة وم من العمر وكذلك النشاط البلعم 21-1التحول الغذائ ف الفترة من
قاس عتبران أداة مما سبق تضح أن التقسة الحرارة و نظام البروتن الغذائ المناسبة لمعاملة دجاج اللحم ف المناطق المرتفعة ف درجات الحرارة والمماثلة لظروف
تلك المنطقة الت أجرت بها
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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09
Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
99
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
chicks high PR resulted in the best FCR with later strain produced
significantly better FCR than the Hub one These results indicated that
the response of productive performance of broilers chicks to PR
depends on TC and broiler genotype
Biochemical constituents of blood plasma
Total plasma protein albumen globulin glucose alkaline
phosphatase cholesterol and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) at day
21 of age were not significantly affected (Table 4) However MDA at
day 21 of age was significantly higher of TC groups than that of C
These results are similar to those reported by Yahav and McMurtry
(2001) and Requena et al (2010) who indicated that the effect of TC
depends on the severity and length of heat exposure (Attia et al
2011) In addition TC lowered significantly plasma T3 and plasma
globulin-albumin ratio than the C group
Protein regimen significantly affected only plasma albumin
globulin and globulinndashalbumin ratio glucose and MDA at day 21 of
age where high PR resulted in higher plasma albumin glucose and
MDA than the corresponding values obtained of the standard PR
Meanwhile the contrary was shown in the globulin and globulin-
albumin ratio
Genotype had only a significant impact on plasma globulin-
albumin ratio where AA chicks exhibited lower value than the Hub
one There was no significant interaction between strain of broilers
thermal conditioning and CP regimen on biochemical constituents of
blood plasma mentioned before (Table 5)
Blood hematological constituents
Thermal conditioning had a significant negative effect only on
lymphocyte and esinophil (Table 6) Meanwhile the contrary was
shown in the basophil Dietary PR had no significant effect on most of
blood hematological constituents except for basophil and PI at day 21
of age Feeding high PR resulted in higher basophils and PI than
those of standard regimen The relationship between disease control
and nutritional regimen was recently reviewed (Lister 2010) In
agreement with the present results chicks fed high PR resulted in
higher persistency in antibody production at days 10 and 15 after
inoculation with sheep red blood cells than those fed the 19 CP
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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group (Praharaj et al 1998 Melo et al 1998) and supplementation
with methionine and choline significantly improved cellular and
humoral immune response (Swain and Johri 2000) Arbor acres
strain had significantly higher WBCs lymphocytes and esinophil than
Hub strain Meanwhile the contrary was shown in basophil and
heterophil
There was no significant interaction between strains of
broilers TC and PR on most of blood hematological at day 21 of age
(Table 7) expect for phagocytes activity Hub chicks exposed to C
and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain exposed to TC and fed the same diet The AA chicks exposed to
TC and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain kept on C and fed high and standard PR Meanwhile Hub
chicks exposed to TC and fed high PR had significantly lower PA than
that of AA chicks on the same treatments However Hub chicks
exposed to C and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of
AA chicks on the same treatments These findings indicated different
genetic potential between the two strains under investigation which
may be ascribed to variations in genetic makeup (Rosa et al 2007
Benyi et al 2009 Abdullah et al 2010 Yakubu et al 2010)
It could be concluded that broilers exposed to TC and fed
standard PR exhibited compensatory growth suggesting that TC and
standard PR may be suitable management tool to improve chickens
tolerance to heat stress late in life particularly in high temperature
regions
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Abdullah Y A N AAl-Beitawi M M SRjoup R I Qudsieh
and M A A Ishmais 2010 Growth performance carcass and
meat quality characteristics of different commercial crosses of
broiler strains of chicken J Poul Sci 4713-21
Arjona A D Denbow and W Weaver 1990 Neonatally-induced
thermotolerance Physiological responses Comp Bio-chem
Physiol 95A393ndash399
Association Of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990 Official
Methods of Analysis Association of Analytical Chemists 15th
Ed Washington DC USA
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Attia Y A S A Abd El-Rahman and E M A Qota 2001 Effects of microbial phytase with or without cell-wall splitting
enzymes on the performance of broilers fed suboptimum levels
of dietary protein and metaboilzable energy Egyptian Poult Sci
J 21 521-547
Attia Y A M Barbara Dora Bohmer and A Roth-Maier 2006 Responded of broiler chicks raised under constant relatively
high ambient temperature to enzymes amino acid
supplementations or a high-nutrient diet Archive fur
Geflugelkunde 70 80-91
Attia Y A R A Hassan A E Tag El-Din and B M Abou-
Shehema 2011 Effect of ascorbic acid or increasing
metabolizable energy level with or without supplementation of
some essential amino acids on productive and physiological
traits of slow-growing chicks exposed to chronic heat stress J
Anim Phys Anim Nutr in press early view
Attia Y A Mona Osman El-Samra Abou-Egla and A A
Eldeek 1995 Response of growth feed conversion and
carcass characteristics of broiler chicks to feed restriction
methods time and diet quality Mansoura J Agri Sci
203261-3282
Benyi K OAcheampong-Boateng DNorris MMathoho and
MSMikasi 2009 The response of Ross 308 and Hybro broiler
chickens to early and late skip-a-day feed restriction Tropical
Anim Health and Prod 41 1707-1713
Cahaner A YPinchasov INir and ZNitsan 1995 Effects of
dietary protein under high ambient temperature on body weight
breast meat yield and abdominal fat deposition of broiler stocks
differing in growth rate and fatness Poult Sci 74 968 ndash 975
Coles E H 1974 Veterinary clinical pathology pp 211-213 W B
Saunder Company Philadelphia London Toronto
Combination of vaccination and competitive exclusion to
prevent Salmonella colonization in chickens experimental
studies Inter J Food Microbial 4935-42
Daghir N2008 Nutrient requirements of poultry at high temperature
In Poultry production in hot climates (Daghir N J editor) 2nd
edition CAB International UK
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Dale N M and H LFuller 1979 Effects of diet composition on
feed intake and growth of chicks under heat stress 1 Dietary fat
levels Poult Sci 581529 -1534
Deaton JW FN Reece SL Branton and JD May 1986 High
environmental temperature and broiler livability Poult Sci
651268-1269
De BasilioV MVilarino S Yahav and M Picard 2001 Early-
age thermal conditioning and a dual feeding program for male
broilers challenged by heat stress Poult Sci 8029-36
Doumas B T D Watson and H G Biggs 1977 Albumin
standards and the measurement of blood albumin with
bromocisol green Clin Chem Acta 3187-96
Eilers R J 1967 Notification of final adoption of an international
method and standard olution for hemoglobinometry
specifications for preparation of a standard solution Amer J
Clin Path 47 212-214
Hepler O E 1966 Manual of clinical laboratory methods Thomas
sparing field Illinois USA
Kawahara E T Ueda and S Nomura 1991 In vitro phagocytic
activity of white spotted shark cells after injection with
Aeromonas salmonicida extracelluar products Gyobyo
Kenkyu Japan 26 213-214
Koracevic D G Koracevic V Djordjevic S Andrejevic and V
Cosic 2001 Method for the measurement of antioxidant
activity in human fluids J Clin Pathol 54356-361
Lin H H C Jiao J Buyse and E Decuypere 2006 Strategies for
preventing heat stress in poultry Worlds Poult Sci J 62 71-
85
Lister S A 2010 Poultry diseases ndash their control and effects on
nutritional requirements Worlds Poult Sci J 66 633-638
Lucas A M and C Jamroz 1961 Atlas of Avian Hematology
Agriculture Monograph 25 USDA Washington DC USA
Melo J G Mallo C Campelletti E Villar M C Miquel and F
Hoffman 1998 Influence of two different protein content diets
and two broiler strains on antibody production Revista de
Medicina Veterinaria (Buenos Aires) 79169minus171
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Musharaf NA and J D Latshaw 1999 Heat increment as
affected by protein and amino acid nutrition Worldrsquos PoultSci
J 55 233-239
National Research Council (NRC) 1994 Nutrient requirement of
poultry 9th
revised Edn National Academy Press Washington
DC USA
Praharaj N K S V Ramarao M R Reddy G Shyam-Sunder
and B L N Reddy 1998 Sire by protein interactions for
growth feed efficiency and immunoresponsiveness in coloured
broilers Indian J Anim Sci 681065-1067
Requena F V De Basilio Y Oliveros E Saume A Mendez D
Fung J Marquina and D Bastianelli 2010 Tuning
environmental parameters to maximize efficiency of early
thermal conditioning in broilers XIIIth European Poultry
Conference 2704-2708
Richard M J B Portal J Meo C Coudray A Hadjian and A
Favier 1992 Malondialdehyde kit evaluated for determining
plasma and lipoprotein fractions that react with thiobarbituric
acid Clin Chem 38 704-709
Rosa P S D E Faria Filho F Dahlke B S Vieira M Macari
and R L Fulan 2007 Effect of Energy Intake on performance
and carcass composition of broiler chickens from two different
genetic groups BrazJ PoultSci 9117-122
Saleh K Y A Attia and H Younis 1996 Effect of feed restriction
and breed on compensatory growth abdominal fat and some
production traits of broiler chicks Archiv Fuumlr Gefluumlgelkunde
60 (4)153-159
SAS Institute (1996) SASreg
Userrsquos Guide Statistics Version 6 Edn
SAS Institute Inc Cary NC USA
Swain B K and T S Johri 2000 Effect of supplemental
methionine choline and their combinations on the performance
and immune of broilers Br Poult Sci 4183-88
Teeter R G 1994Optimizing production of heat stressed broilers
Poult Dig 2610ndash24
Teeter RG MO Smith FN Owens and SC Arp 1985
Chronic Heat Stress and Respiratory Alkalosis Occurrence and
treatment in broiler chicks Poult Sci 64 1060-1064
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Temim S A M Chagneau S Guillaumein J Mitchel R
Peresson and S Tesseraud 2000 Does excess dietary Protein
improve growth performance and characteristics in heat exposed
chickens Poult Sci 79 312 ndash 317
Trinder P 1969 Determination of glucose in blood using glucose
oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor Annals of Clin
Biochem 6 24-26
US National Climatic Data Center 2008 Global warming frequently
asked questions 2008
httpwwwncdcnoaagovoaclimateglobalwarminghtml
Watson D 1960 A simple method for determination of serum
cholesterol Clin Chem Acta 5 637-643
Weichselbaum TE 1946 An accurate and rapid methode for
determination of proteins in small amount of blood serum and
plasma Am J Clin Pathol 16 40ndash48
Widyaratne G P and M D Drew 2011 Effects of protein level
and digestibility on the growth and carcass characteristics of
broiler chickens Poult Sci 90595-603
Yahav S 2000 Domestic fowl-Strategies to confront environmental
conditions Avian and Poult Biol Rev 1181-95
Yahav S and JP McMurtry 2001 Thermotolerance acquisition
in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life-the
effect of timing and ambient temperature Poult Sci 12 1662-
1666
Yahav S and I Plavnik 1999 Effect of early ndash age thermal
conditioning and food restriction on performance and thermo-
tolerance of male broiler chickens Br Poult Sci 40 120 ndash
126
Yakubu A J A Ayoade and Y M Dahiru 2010 Effects of
genotype and population density on growth performance
carcass characteristics and cost-benefits of broiler chickens in
north central Nigeria Trop Anim Health and Prod 42 719-
727
Yan F JH Kersey CA Fritts PW Waldroup H L Stilborn
RC Jr Crumm and DW Rice (DGKC) 1972 Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuumlr Klinische
Chemie Z Klin Chimerical und Klinical Biochemsirty
10182
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Young DS CL Pestaner and U Gilberman 1975 Effects of
drugs on clinical laboratory tests Clin Chem 21 3660
الملخص العربي
للتقسة الحرارة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد التعرض وم 12حتى عمر ونظام البروتن الغذائ
2ولد شعبان حبش ndash 1ريسام اجا - 2وسف عبد الوهاب عطة-2ولد الطحاوي
جامعة دمنهور ndashكلة الزراعة ndash قسم االنتاج الحوان والداجن 1 اثنا-جامعة جورجا ndashقسم علوم الدواجن 2
أجرت هذه التجربة بهدف دراسة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد
األقتصادة وهرمون البروتن الغذائ عل الصفاتالتعرض للتقسة الحرارة ونظام تم استخدام ومكونات الدم البوكماوة والهماتولوجة الثروكسن ف بالزما الدم
كتكوت من ساللة الهابرد و نفس العدد من ساللة االربوراكرز وتم توزعهم 256تقسة حرارة ) تعرض 2نظام بروتن غذائ 2معامالت ) 8عشوائا عل ساعة عند 24 لمدة 77م ورطوبة ordm 373لكتاكت لدرجة حرارة مجموعة من ا
م ورطوبة نسبة 33أام ثم العودة ال درجة الحرارة والرطوبة الطبعة ) 3عمر وكان نظام من كل ساللة ( 45م ورطوبة نسبة ordm 33( وأخري كنترول )45
( أو قاس 24عال )وم 21عمر البروتن المتبع ف عالئق البادئ حتى(22)
أام إل انخفاض معدل 3تعرض الكتاكت ال التقسة الحرارة عند عمر أدى وم من العمر( 4-3النمو وكذلك سوء الكفاءة الغذائة خالل فترة التقسة الحرارة )
وم كان هناك تشابه ف 21-1مقارنة بمجموعة الكنترول أما خالل الفترة من عمر كما أظهرت النتائج انخفاض مستوي هرمون الثروكسن لكفاءة الغذائةمعدل النمو وا
وم للمجامع المعرضه للتقسة الحرارة مقارنة 21ف بالزما الدم عند عمر بالكنترول
4-3أدى نظام البروتن الغذائ المرتفع ال زادة معدل النمو فقط خالل فترة من ة مستوي االلبومن والجلوكوز والمالونالدهد وم من العمروكذلك زاد 21-1اام و
والكرات الدم القاعدة والدلل المناع ف بالزما الدم ولكن انخفضت النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن ف بالزما الدم أما بالنسبة لتأثر التركب الوراث فكانت هناك
ة والفسولوجة حث تفوقت ساللة العدد من التأثرات الواضحة ف اإلستجابة اإلنتاجوم وعدد كرات الدم البضاء 21-1االربوركرز ف الصفات االنتاجة ف الفترة من
وكرات الدم الحامضة عن ساللة الهابرد الت كانت متفوقة ف النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن وكرات الدم القاعدة والخلطة
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
ن الساللة والتقسة الحرارة ونظام البروتن الغذائ وقد ظهر تداخل معنوي بوم من العمر وكذلك معدل 21-1اام والفترة من 4-3عل معدل النمو خالل الفترة وم من العمر وكذلك النشاط البلعم 21-1التحول الغذائ ف الفترة من
قاس عتبران أداة مما سبق تضح أن التقسة الحرارة و نظام البروتن الغذائ المناسبة لمعاملة دجاج اللحم ف المناطق المرتفعة ف درجات الحرارة والمماثلة لظروف
تلك المنطقة الت أجرت بها
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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09
Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
7
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group (Praharaj et al 1998 Melo et al 1998) and supplementation
with methionine and choline significantly improved cellular and
humoral immune response (Swain and Johri 2000) Arbor acres
strain had significantly higher WBCs lymphocytes and esinophil than
Hub strain Meanwhile the contrary was shown in basophil and
heterophil
There was no significant interaction between strains of
broilers TC and PR on most of blood hematological at day 21 of age
(Table 7) expect for phagocytes activity Hub chicks exposed to C
and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain exposed to TC and fed the same diet The AA chicks exposed to
TC and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain kept on C and fed high and standard PR Meanwhile Hub
chicks exposed to TC and fed high PR had significantly lower PA than
that of AA chicks on the same treatments However Hub chicks
exposed to C and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of
AA chicks on the same treatments These findings indicated different
genetic potential between the two strains under investigation which
may be ascribed to variations in genetic makeup (Rosa et al 2007
Benyi et al 2009 Abdullah et al 2010 Yakubu et al 2010)
It could be concluded that broilers exposed to TC and fed
standard PR exhibited compensatory growth suggesting that TC and
standard PR may be suitable management tool to improve chickens
tolerance to heat stress late in life particularly in high temperature
regions
REFERENCES
Abdullah Y A N AAl-Beitawi M M SRjoup R I Qudsieh
and M A A Ishmais 2010 Growth performance carcass and
meat quality characteristics of different commercial crosses of
broiler strains of chicken J Poul Sci 4713-21
Arjona A D Denbow and W Weaver 1990 Neonatally-induced
thermotolerance Physiological responses Comp Bio-chem
Physiol 95A393ndash399
Association Of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990 Official
Methods of Analysis Association of Analytical Chemists 15th
Ed Washington DC USA
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Attia Y A S A Abd El-Rahman and E M A Qota 2001 Effects of microbial phytase with or without cell-wall splitting
enzymes on the performance of broilers fed suboptimum levels
of dietary protein and metaboilzable energy Egyptian Poult Sci
J 21 521-547
Attia Y A M Barbara Dora Bohmer and A Roth-Maier 2006 Responded of broiler chicks raised under constant relatively
high ambient temperature to enzymes amino acid
supplementations or a high-nutrient diet Archive fur
Geflugelkunde 70 80-91
Attia Y A R A Hassan A E Tag El-Din and B M Abou-
Shehema 2011 Effect of ascorbic acid or increasing
metabolizable energy level with or without supplementation of
some essential amino acids on productive and physiological
traits of slow-growing chicks exposed to chronic heat stress J
Anim Phys Anim Nutr in press early view
Attia Y A Mona Osman El-Samra Abou-Egla and A A
Eldeek 1995 Response of growth feed conversion and
carcass characteristics of broiler chicks to feed restriction
methods time and diet quality Mansoura J Agri Sci
203261-3282
Benyi K OAcheampong-Boateng DNorris MMathoho and
MSMikasi 2009 The response of Ross 308 and Hybro broiler
chickens to early and late skip-a-day feed restriction Tropical
Anim Health and Prod 41 1707-1713
Cahaner A YPinchasov INir and ZNitsan 1995 Effects of
dietary protein under high ambient temperature on body weight
breast meat yield and abdominal fat deposition of broiler stocks
differing in growth rate and fatness Poult Sci 74 968 ndash 975
Coles E H 1974 Veterinary clinical pathology pp 211-213 W B
Saunder Company Philadelphia London Toronto
Combination of vaccination and competitive exclusion to
prevent Salmonella colonization in chickens experimental
studies Inter J Food Microbial 4935-42
Daghir N2008 Nutrient requirements of poultry at high temperature
In Poultry production in hot climates (Daghir N J editor) 2nd
edition CAB International UK
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Dale N M and H LFuller 1979 Effects of diet composition on
feed intake and growth of chicks under heat stress 1 Dietary fat
levels Poult Sci 581529 -1534
Deaton JW FN Reece SL Branton and JD May 1986 High
environmental temperature and broiler livability Poult Sci
651268-1269
De BasilioV MVilarino S Yahav and M Picard 2001 Early-
age thermal conditioning and a dual feeding program for male
broilers challenged by heat stress Poult Sci 8029-36
Doumas B T D Watson and H G Biggs 1977 Albumin
standards and the measurement of blood albumin with
bromocisol green Clin Chem Acta 3187-96
Eilers R J 1967 Notification of final adoption of an international
method and standard olution for hemoglobinometry
specifications for preparation of a standard solution Amer J
Clin Path 47 212-214
Hepler O E 1966 Manual of clinical laboratory methods Thomas
sparing field Illinois USA
Kawahara E T Ueda and S Nomura 1991 In vitro phagocytic
activity of white spotted shark cells after injection with
Aeromonas salmonicida extracelluar products Gyobyo
Kenkyu Japan 26 213-214
Koracevic D G Koracevic V Djordjevic S Andrejevic and V
Cosic 2001 Method for the measurement of antioxidant
activity in human fluids J Clin Pathol 54356-361
Lin H H C Jiao J Buyse and E Decuypere 2006 Strategies for
preventing heat stress in poultry Worlds Poult Sci J 62 71-
85
Lister S A 2010 Poultry diseases ndash their control and effects on
nutritional requirements Worlds Poult Sci J 66 633-638
Lucas A M and C Jamroz 1961 Atlas of Avian Hematology
Agriculture Monograph 25 USDA Washington DC USA
Melo J G Mallo C Campelletti E Villar M C Miquel and F
Hoffman 1998 Influence of two different protein content diets
and two broiler strains on antibody production Revista de
Medicina Veterinaria (Buenos Aires) 79169minus171
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Musharaf NA and J D Latshaw 1999 Heat increment as
affected by protein and amino acid nutrition Worldrsquos PoultSci
J 55 233-239
National Research Council (NRC) 1994 Nutrient requirement of
poultry 9th
revised Edn National Academy Press Washington
DC USA
Praharaj N K S V Ramarao M R Reddy G Shyam-Sunder
and B L N Reddy 1998 Sire by protein interactions for
growth feed efficiency and immunoresponsiveness in coloured
broilers Indian J Anim Sci 681065-1067
Requena F V De Basilio Y Oliveros E Saume A Mendez D
Fung J Marquina and D Bastianelli 2010 Tuning
environmental parameters to maximize efficiency of early
thermal conditioning in broilers XIIIth European Poultry
Conference 2704-2708
Richard M J B Portal J Meo C Coudray A Hadjian and A
Favier 1992 Malondialdehyde kit evaluated for determining
plasma and lipoprotein fractions that react with thiobarbituric
acid Clin Chem 38 704-709
Rosa P S D E Faria Filho F Dahlke B S Vieira M Macari
and R L Fulan 2007 Effect of Energy Intake on performance
and carcass composition of broiler chickens from two different
genetic groups BrazJ PoultSci 9117-122
Saleh K Y A Attia and H Younis 1996 Effect of feed restriction
and breed on compensatory growth abdominal fat and some
production traits of broiler chicks Archiv Fuumlr Gefluumlgelkunde
60 (4)153-159
SAS Institute (1996) SASreg
Userrsquos Guide Statistics Version 6 Edn
SAS Institute Inc Cary NC USA
Swain B K and T S Johri 2000 Effect of supplemental
methionine choline and their combinations on the performance
and immune of broilers Br Poult Sci 4183-88
Teeter R G 1994Optimizing production of heat stressed broilers
Poult Dig 2610ndash24
Teeter RG MO Smith FN Owens and SC Arp 1985
Chronic Heat Stress and Respiratory Alkalosis Occurrence and
treatment in broiler chicks Poult Sci 64 1060-1064
8
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Temim S A M Chagneau S Guillaumein J Mitchel R
Peresson and S Tesseraud 2000 Does excess dietary Protein
improve growth performance and characteristics in heat exposed
chickens Poult Sci 79 312 ndash 317
Trinder P 1969 Determination of glucose in blood using glucose
oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor Annals of Clin
Biochem 6 24-26
US National Climatic Data Center 2008 Global warming frequently
asked questions 2008
httpwwwncdcnoaagovoaclimateglobalwarminghtml
Watson D 1960 A simple method for determination of serum
cholesterol Clin Chem Acta 5 637-643
Weichselbaum TE 1946 An accurate and rapid methode for
determination of proteins in small amount of blood serum and
plasma Am J Clin Pathol 16 40ndash48
Widyaratne G P and M D Drew 2011 Effects of protein level
and digestibility on the growth and carcass characteristics of
broiler chickens Poult Sci 90595-603
Yahav S 2000 Domestic fowl-Strategies to confront environmental
conditions Avian and Poult Biol Rev 1181-95
Yahav S and JP McMurtry 2001 Thermotolerance acquisition
in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life-the
effect of timing and ambient temperature Poult Sci 12 1662-
1666
Yahav S and I Plavnik 1999 Effect of early ndash age thermal
conditioning and food restriction on performance and thermo-
tolerance of male broiler chickens Br Poult Sci 40 120 ndash
126
Yakubu A J A Ayoade and Y M Dahiru 2010 Effects of
genotype and population density on growth performance
carcass characteristics and cost-benefits of broiler chickens in
north central Nigeria Trop Anim Health and Prod 42 719-
727
Yan F JH Kersey CA Fritts PW Waldroup H L Stilborn
RC Jr Crumm and DW Rice (DGKC) 1972 Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuumlr Klinische
Chemie Z Klin Chimerical und Klinical Biochemsirty
10182
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Young DS CL Pestaner and U Gilberman 1975 Effects of
drugs on clinical laboratory tests Clin Chem 21 3660
الملخص العربي
للتقسة الحرارة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد التعرض وم 12حتى عمر ونظام البروتن الغذائ
2ولد شعبان حبش ndash 1ريسام اجا - 2وسف عبد الوهاب عطة-2ولد الطحاوي
جامعة دمنهور ndashكلة الزراعة ndash قسم االنتاج الحوان والداجن 1 اثنا-جامعة جورجا ndashقسم علوم الدواجن 2
أجرت هذه التجربة بهدف دراسة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد
األقتصادة وهرمون البروتن الغذائ عل الصفاتالتعرض للتقسة الحرارة ونظام تم استخدام ومكونات الدم البوكماوة والهماتولوجة الثروكسن ف بالزما الدم
كتكوت من ساللة الهابرد و نفس العدد من ساللة االربوراكرز وتم توزعهم 256تقسة حرارة ) تعرض 2نظام بروتن غذائ 2معامالت ) 8عشوائا عل ساعة عند 24 لمدة 77م ورطوبة ordm 373لكتاكت لدرجة حرارة مجموعة من ا
م ورطوبة نسبة 33أام ثم العودة ال درجة الحرارة والرطوبة الطبعة ) 3عمر وكان نظام من كل ساللة ( 45م ورطوبة نسبة ordm 33( وأخري كنترول )45
( أو قاس 24عال )وم 21عمر البروتن المتبع ف عالئق البادئ حتى(22)
أام إل انخفاض معدل 3تعرض الكتاكت ال التقسة الحرارة عند عمر أدى وم من العمر( 4-3النمو وكذلك سوء الكفاءة الغذائة خالل فترة التقسة الحرارة )
وم كان هناك تشابه ف 21-1مقارنة بمجموعة الكنترول أما خالل الفترة من عمر كما أظهرت النتائج انخفاض مستوي هرمون الثروكسن لكفاءة الغذائةمعدل النمو وا
وم للمجامع المعرضه للتقسة الحرارة مقارنة 21ف بالزما الدم عند عمر بالكنترول
4-3أدى نظام البروتن الغذائ المرتفع ال زادة معدل النمو فقط خالل فترة من ة مستوي االلبومن والجلوكوز والمالونالدهد وم من العمروكذلك زاد 21-1اام و
والكرات الدم القاعدة والدلل المناع ف بالزما الدم ولكن انخفضت النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن ف بالزما الدم أما بالنسبة لتأثر التركب الوراث فكانت هناك
ة والفسولوجة حث تفوقت ساللة العدد من التأثرات الواضحة ف اإلستجابة اإلنتاجوم وعدد كرات الدم البضاء 21-1االربوركرز ف الصفات االنتاجة ف الفترة من
وكرات الدم الحامضة عن ساللة الهابرد الت كانت متفوقة ف النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن وكرات الدم القاعدة والخلطة
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
ن الساللة والتقسة الحرارة ونظام البروتن الغذائ وقد ظهر تداخل معنوي بوم من العمر وكذلك معدل 21-1اام والفترة من 4-3عل معدل النمو خالل الفترة وم من العمر وكذلك النشاط البلعم 21-1التحول الغذائ ف الفترة من
قاس عتبران أداة مما سبق تضح أن التقسة الحرارة و نظام البروتن الغذائ المناسبة لمعاملة دجاج اللحم ف المناطق المرتفعة ف درجات الحرارة والمماثلة لظروف
تلك المنطقة الت أجرت بها
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
group (Praharaj et al 1998 Melo et al 1998) and supplementation
with methionine and choline significantly improved cellular and
humoral immune response (Swain and Johri 2000) Arbor acres
strain had significantly higher WBCs lymphocytes and esinophil than
Hub strain Meanwhile the contrary was shown in basophil and
heterophil
There was no significant interaction between strains of
broilers TC and PR on most of blood hematological at day 21 of age
(Table 7) expect for phagocytes activity Hub chicks exposed to C
and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain exposed to TC and fed the same diet The AA chicks exposed to
TC and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain kept on C and fed high and standard PR Meanwhile Hub
chicks exposed to TC and fed high PR had significantly lower PA than
that of AA chicks on the same treatments However Hub chicks
exposed to C and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of
AA chicks on the same treatments These findings indicated different
genetic potential between the two strains under investigation which
may be ascribed to variations in genetic makeup (Rosa et al 2007
Benyi et al 2009 Abdullah et al 2010 Yakubu et al 2010)
It could be concluded that broilers exposed to TC and fed
standard PR exhibited compensatory growth suggesting that TC and
standard PR may be suitable management tool to improve chickens
tolerance to heat stress late in life particularly in high temperature
regions
REFERENCES
Abdullah Y A N AAl-Beitawi M M SRjoup R I Qudsieh
and M A A Ishmais 2010 Growth performance carcass and
meat quality characteristics of different commercial crosses of
broiler strains of chicken J Poul Sci 4713-21
Arjona A D Denbow and W Weaver 1990 Neonatally-induced
thermotolerance Physiological responses Comp Bio-chem
Physiol 95A393ndash399
Association Of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990 Official
Methods of Analysis Association of Analytical Chemists 15th
Ed Washington DC USA
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Attia Y A S A Abd El-Rahman and E M A Qota 2001 Effects of microbial phytase with or without cell-wall splitting
enzymes on the performance of broilers fed suboptimum levels
of dietary protein and metaboilzable energy Egyptian Poult Sci
J 21 521-547
Attia Y A M Barbara Dora Bohmer and A Roth-Maier 2006 Responded of broiler chicks raised under constant relatively
high ambient temperature to enzymes amino acid
supplementations or a high-nutrient diet Archive fur
Geflugelkunde 70 80-91
Attia Y A R A Hassan A E Tag El-Din and B M Abou-
Shehema 2011 Effect of ascorbic acid or increasing
metabolizable energy level with or without supplementation of
some essential amino acids on productive and physiological
traits of slow-growing chicks exposed to chronic heat stress J
Anim Phys Anim Nutr in press early view
Attia Y A Mona Osman El-Samra Abou-Egla and A A
Eldeek 1995 Response of growth feed conversion and
carcass characteristics of broiler chicks to feed restriction
methods time and diet quality Mansoura J Agri Sci
203261-3282
Benyi K OAcheampong-Boateng DNorris MMathoho and
MSMikasi 2009 The response of Ross 308 and Hybro broiler
chickens to early and late skip-a-day feed restriction Tropical
Anim Health and Prod 41 1707-1713
Cahaner A YPinchasov INir and ZNitsan 1995 Effects of
dietary protein under high ambient temperature on body weight
breast meat yield and abdominal fat deposition of broiler stocks
differing in growth rate and fatness Poult Sci 74 968 ndash 975
Coles E H 1974 Veterinary clinical pathology pp 211-213 W B
Saunder Company Philadelphia London Toronto
Combination of vaccination and competitive exclusion to
prevent Salmonella colonization in chickens experimental
studies Inter J Food Microbial 4935-42
Daghir N2008 Nutrient requirements of poultry at high temperature
In Poultry production in hot climates (Daghir N J editor) 2nd
edition CAB International UK
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Dale N M and H LFuller 1979 Effects of diet composition on
feed intake and growth of chicks under heat stress 1 Dietary fat
levels Poult Sci 581529 -1534
Deaton JW FN Reece SL Branton and JD May 1986 High
environmental temperature and broiler livability Poult Sci
651268-1269
De BasilioV MVilarino S Yahav and M Picard 2001 Early-
age thermal conditioning and a dual feeding program for male
broilers challenged by heat stress Poult Sci 8029-36
Doumas B T D Watson and H G Biggs 1977 Albumin
standards and the measurement of blood albumin with
bromocisol green Clin Chem Acta 3187-96
Eilers R J 1967 Notification of final adoption of an international
method and standard olution for hemoglobinometry
specifications for preparation of a standard solution Amer J
Clin Path 47 212-214
Hepler O E 1966 Manual of clinical laboratory methods Thomas
sparing field Illinois USA
Kawahara E T Ueda and S Nomura 1991 In vitro phagocytic
activity of white spotted shark cells after injection with
Aeromonas salmonicida extracelluar products Gyobyo
Kenkyu Japan 26 213-214
Koracevic D G Koracevic V Djordjevic S Andrejevic and V
Cosic 2001 Method for the measurement of antioxidant
activity in human fluids J Clin Pathol 54356-361
Lin H H C Jiao J Buyse and E Decuypere 2006 Strategies for
preventing heat stress in poultry Worlds Poult Sci J 62 71-
85
Lister S A 2010 Poultry diseases ndash their control and effects on
nutritional requirements Worlds Poult Sci J 66 633-638
Lucas A M and C Jamroz 1961 Atlas of Avian Hematology
Agriculture Monograph 25 USDA Washington DC USA
Melo J G Mallo C Campelletti E Villar M C Miquel and F
Hoffman 1998 Influence of two different protein content diets
and two broiler strains on antibody production Revista de
Medicina Veterinaria (Buenos Aires) 79169minus171
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Musharaf NA and J D Latshaw 1999 Heat increment as
affected by protein and amino acid nutrition Worldrsquos PoultSci
J 55 233-239
National Research Council (NRC) 1994 Nutrient requirement of
poultry 9th
revised Edn National Academy Press Washington
DC USA
Praharaj N K S V Ramarao M R Reddy G Shyam-Sunder
and B L N Reddy 1998 Sire by protein interactions for
growth feed efficiency and immunoresponsiveness in coloured
broilers Indian J Anim Sci 681065-1067
Requena F V De Basilio Y Oliveros E Saume A Mendez D
Fung J Marquina and D Bastianelli 2010 Tuning
environmental parameters to maximize efficiency of early
thermal conditioning in broilers XIIIth European Poultry
Conference 2704-2708
Richard M J B Portal J Meo C Coudray A Hadjian and A
Favier 1992 Malondialdehyde kit evaluated for determining
plasma and lipoprotein fractions that react with thiobarbituric
acid Clin Chem 38 704-709
Rosa P S D E Faria Filho F Dahlke B S Vieira M Macari
and R L Fulan 2007 Effect of Energy Intake on performance
and carcass composition of broiler chickens from two different
genetic groups BrazJ PoultSci 9117-122
Saleh K Y A Attia and H Younis 1996 Effect of feed restriction
and breed on compensatory growth abdominal fat and some
production traits of broiler chicks Archiv Fuumlr Gefluumlgelkunde
60 (4)153-159
SAS Institute (1996) SASreg
Userrsquos Guide Statistics Version 6 Edn
SAS Institute Inc Cary NC USA
Swain B K and T S Johri 2000 Effect of supplemental
methionine choline and their combinations on the performance
and immune of broilers Br Poult Sci 4183-88
Teeter R G 1994Optimizing production of heat stressed broilers
Poult Dig 2610ndash24
Teeter RG MO Smith FN Owens and SC Arp 1985
Chronic Heat Stress and Respiratory Alkalosis Occurrence and
treatment in broiler chicks Poult Sci 64 1060-1064
8
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Temim S A M Chagneau S Guillaumein J Mitchel R
Peresson and S Tesseraud 2000 Does excess dietary Protein
improve growth performance and characteristics in heat exposed
chickens Poult Sci 79 312 ndash 317
Trinder P 1969 Determination of glucose in blood using glucose
oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor Annals of Clin
Biochem 6 24-26
US National Climatic Data Center 2008 Global warming frequently
asked questions 2008
httpwwwncdcnoaagovoaclimateglobalwarminghtml
Watson D 1960 A simple method for determination of serum
cholesterol Clin Chem Acta 5 637-643
Weichselbaum TE 1946 An accurate and rapid methode for
determination of proteins in small amount of blood serum and
plasma Am J Clin Pathol 16 40ndash48
Widyaratne G P and M D Drew 2011 Effects of protein level
and digestibility on the growth and carcass characteristics of
broiler chickens Poult Sci 90595-603
Yahav S 2000 Domestic fowl-Strategies to confront environmental
conditions Avian and Poult Biol Rev 1181-95
Yahav S and JP McMurtry 2001 Thermotolerance acquisition
in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life-the
effect of timing and ambient temperature Poult Sci 12 1662-
1666
Yahav S and I Plavnik 1999 Effect of early ndash age thermal
conditioning and food restriction on performance and thermo-
tolerance of male broiler chickens Br Poult Sci 40 120 ndash
126
Yakubu A J A Ayoade and Y M Dahiru 2010 Effects of
genotype and population density on growth performance
carcass characteristics and cost-benefits of broiler chickens in
north central Nigeria Trop Anim Health and Prod 42 719-
727
Yan F JH Kersey CA Fritts PW Waldroup H L Stilborn
RC Jr Crumm and DW Rice (DGKC) 1972 Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuumlr Klinische
Chemie Z Klin Chimerical und Klinical Biochemsirty
10182
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Young DS CL Pestaner and U Gilberman 1975 Effects of
drugs on clinical laboratory tests Clin Chem 21 3660
الملخص العربي
للتقسة الحرارة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد التعرض وم 12حتى عمر ونظام البروتن الغذائ
2ولد شعبان حبش ndash 1ريسام اجا - 2وسف عبد الوهاب عطة-2ولد الطحاوي
جامعة دمنهور ndashكلة الزراعة ndash قسم االنتاج الحوان والداجن 1 اثنا-جامعة جورجا ndashقسم علوم الدواجن 2
أجرت هذه التجربة بهدف دراسة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد
األقتصادة وهرمون البروتن الغذائ عل الصفاتالتعرض للتقسة الحرارة ونظام تم استخدام ومكونات الدم البوكماوة والهماتولوجة الثروكسن ف بالزما الدم
كتكوت من ساللة الهابرد و نفس العدد من ساللة االربوراكرز وتم توزعهم 256تقسة حرارة ) تعرض 2نظام بروتن غذائ 2معامالت ) 8عشوائا عل ساعة عند 24 لمدة 77م ورطوبة ordm 373لكتاكت لدرجة حرارة مجموعة من ا
م ورطوبة نسبة 33أام ثم العودة ال درجة الحرارة والرطوبة الطبعة ) 3عمر وكان نظام من كل ساللة ( 45م ورطوبة نسبة ordm 33( وأخري كنترول )45
( أو قاس 24عال )وم 21عمر البروتن المتبع ف عالئق البادئ حتى(22)
أام إل انخفاض معدل 3تعرض الكتاكت ال التقسة الحرارة عند عمر أدى وم من العمر( 4-3النمو وكذلك سوء الكفاءة الغذائة خالل فترة التقسة الحرارة )
وم كان هناك تشابه ف 21-1مقارنة بمجموعة الكنترول أما خالل الفترة من عمر كما أظهرت النتائج انخفاض مستوي هرمون الثروكسن لكفاءة الغذائةمعدل النمو وا
وم للمجامع المعرضه للتقسة الحرارة مقارنة 21ف بالزما الدم عند عمر بالكنترول
4-3أدى نظام البروتن الغذائ المرتفع ال زادة معدل النمو فقط خالل فترة من ة مستوي االلبومن والجلوكوز والمالونالدهد وم من العمروكذلك زاد 21-1اام و
والكرات الدم القاعدة والدلل المناع ف بالزما الدم ولكن انخفضت النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن ف بالزما الدم أما بالنسبة لتأثر التركب الوراث فكانت هناك
ة والفسولوجة حث تفوقت ساللة العدد من التأثرات الواضحة ف اإلستجابة اإلنتاجوم وعدد كرات الدم البضاء 21-1االربوركرز ف الصفات االنتاجة ف الفترة من
وكرات الدم الحامضة عن ساللة الهابرد الت كانت متفوقة ف النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن وكرات الدم القاعدة والخلطة
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
ن الساللة والتقسة الحرارة ونظام البروتن الغذائ وقد ظهر تداخل معنوي بوم من العمر وكذلك معدل 21-1اام والفترة من 4-3عل معدل النمو خالل الفترة وم من العمر وكذلك النشاط البلعم 21-1التحول الغذائ ف الفترة من
قاس عتبران أداة مما سبق تضح أن التقسة الحرارة و نظام البروتن الغذائ المناسبة لمعاملة دجاج اللحم ف المناطق المرتفعة ف درجات الحرارة والمماثلة لظروف
تلك المنطقة الت أجرت بها
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
group (Praharaj et al 1998 Melo et al 1998) and supplementation
with methionine and choline significantly improved cellular and
humoral immune response (Swain and Johri 2000) Arbor acres
strain had significantly higher WBCs lymphocytes and esinophil than
Hub strain Meanwhile the contrary was shown in basophil and
heterophil
There was no significant interaction between strains of
broilers TC and PR on most of blood hematological at day 21 of age
(Table 7) expect for phagocytes activity Hub chicks exposed to C
and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain exposed to TC and fed the same diet The AA chicks exposed to
TC and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain kept on C and fed high and standard PR Meanwhile Hub
chicks exposed to TC and fed high PR had significantly lower PA than
that of AA chicks on the same treatments However Hub chicks
exposed to C and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of
AA chicks on the same treatments These findings indicated different
genetic potential between the two strains under investigation which
may be ascribed to variations in genetic makeup (Rosa et al 2007
Benyi et al 2009 Abdullah et al 2010 Yakubu et al 2010)
It could be concluded that broilers exposed to TC and fed
standard PR exhibited compensatory growth suggesting that TC and
standard PR may be suitable management tool to improve chickens
tolerance to heat stress late in life particularly in high temperature
regions
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Abdullah Y A N AAl-Beitawi M M SRjoup R I Qudsieh
and M A A Ishmais 2010 Growth performance carcass and
meat quality characteristics of different commercial crosses of
broiler strains of chicken J Poul Sci 4713-21
Arjona A D Denbow and W Weaver 1990 Neonatally-induced
thermotolerance Physiological responses Comp Bio-chem
Physiol 95A393ndash399
Association Of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990 Official
Methods of Analysis Association of Analytical Chemists 15th
Ed Washington DC USA
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Attia Y A S A Abd El-Rahman and E M A Qota 2001 Effects of microbial phytase with or without cell-wall splitting
enzymes on the performance of broilers fed suboptimum levels
of dietary protein and metaboilzable energy Egyptian Poult Sci
J 21 521-547
Attia Y A M Barbara Dora Bohmer and A Roth-Maier 2006 Responded of broiler chicks raised under constant relatively
high ambient temperature to enzymes amino acid
supplementations or a high-nutrient diet Archive fur
Geflugelkunde 70 80-91
Attia Y A R A Hassan A E Tag El-Din and B M Abou-
Shehema 2011 Effect of ascorbic acid or increasing
metabolizable energy level with or without supplementation of
some essential amino acids on productive and physiological
traits of slow-growing chicks exposed to chronic heat stress J
Anim Phys Anim Nutr in press early view
Attia Y A Mona Osman El-Samra Abou-Egla and A A
Eldeek 1995 Response of growth feed conversion and
carcass characteristics of broiler chicks to feed restriction
methods time and diet quality Mansoura J Agri Sci
203261-3282
Benyi K OAcheampong-Boateng DNorris MMathoho and
MSMikasi 2009 The response of Ross 308 and Hybro broiler
chickens to early and late skip-a-day feed restriction Tropical
Anim Health and Prod 41 1707-1713
Cahaner A YPinchasov INir and ZNitsan 1995 Effects of
dietary protein under high ambient temperature on body weight
breast meat yield and abdominal fat deposition of broiler stocks
differing in growth rate and fatness Poult Sci 74 968 ndash 975
Coles E H 1974 Veterinary clinical pathology pp 211-213 W B
Saunder Company Philadelphia London Toronto
Combination of vaccination and competitive exclusion to
prevent Salmonella colonization in chickens experimental
studies Inter J Food Microbial 4935-42
Daghir N2008 Nutrient requirements of poultry at high temperature
In Poultry production in hot climates (Daghir N J editor) 2nd
edition CAB International UK
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Dale N M and H LFuller 1979 Effects of diet composition on
feed intake and growth of chicks under heat stress 1 Dietary fat
levels Poult Sci 581529 -1534
Deaton JW FN Reece SL Branton and JD May 1986 High
environmental temperature and broiler livability Poult Sci
651268-1269
De BasilioV MVilarino S Yahav and M Picard 2001 Early-
age thermal conditioning and a dual feeding program for male
broilers challenged by heat stress Poult Sci 8029-36
Doumas B T D Watson and H G Biggs 1977 Albumin
standards and the measurement of blood albumin with
bromocisol green Clin Chem Acta 3187-96
Eilers R J 1967 Notification of final adoption of an international
method and standard olution for hemoglobinometry
specifications for preparation of a standard solution Amer J
Clin Path 47 212-214
Hepler O E 1966 Manual of clinical laboratory methods Thomas
sparing field Illinois USA
Kawahara E T Ueda and S Nomura 1991 In vitro phagocytic
activity of white spotted shark cells after injection with
Aeromonas salmonicida extracelluar products Gyobyo
Kenkyu Japan 26 213-214
Koracevic D G Koracevic V Djordjevic S Andrejevic and V
Cosic 2001 Method for the measurement of antioxidant
activity in human fluids J Clin Pathol 54356-361
Lin H H C Jiao J Buyse and E Decuypere 2006 Strategies for
preventing heat stress in poultry Worlds Poult Sci J 62 71-
85
Lister S A 2010 Poultry diseases ndash their control and effects on
nutritional requirements Worlds Poult Sci J 66 633-638
Lucas A M and C Jamroz 1961 Atlas of Avian Hematology
Agriculture Monograph 25 USDA Washington DC USA
Melo J G Mallo C Campelletti E Villar M C Miquel and F
Hoffman 1998 Influence of two different protein content diets
and two broiler strains on antibody production Revista de
Medicina Veterinaria (Buenos Aires) 79169minus171
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Musharaf NA and J D Latshaw 1999 Heat increment as
affected by protein and amino acid nutrition Worldrsquos PoultSci
J 55 233-239
National Research Council (NRC) 1994 Nutrient requirement of
poultry 9th
revised Edn National Academy Press Washington
DC USA
Praharaj N K S V Ramarao M R Reddy G Shyam-Sunder
and B L N Reddy 1998 Sire by protein interactions for
growth feed efficiency and immunoresponsiveness in coloured
broilers Indian J Anim Sci 681065-1067
Requena F V De Basilio Y Oliveros E Saume A Mendez D
Fung J Marquina and D Bastianelli 2010 Tuning
environmental parameters to maximize efficiency of early
thermal conditioning in broilers XIIIth European Poultry
Conference 2704-2708
Richard M J B Portal J Meo C Coudray A Hadjian and A
Favier 1992 Malondialdehyde kit evaluated for determining
plasma and lipoprotein fractions that react with thiobarbituric
acid Clin Chem 38 704-709
Rosa P S D E Faria Filho F Dahlke B S Vieira M Macari
and R L Fulan 2007 Effect of Energy Intake on performance
and carcass composition of broiler chickens from two different
genetic groups BrazJ PoultSci 9117-122
Saleh K Y A Attia and H Younis 1996 Effect of feed restriction
and breed on compensatory growth abdominal fat and some
production traits of broiler chicks Archiv Fuumlr Gefluumlgelkunde
60 (4)153-159
SAS Institute (1996) SASreg
Userrsquos Guide Statistics Version 6 Edn
SAS Institute Inc Cary NC USA
Swain B K and T S Johri 2000 Effect of supplemental
methionine choline and their combinations on the performance
and immune of broilers Br Poult Sci 4183-88
Teeter R G 1994Optimizing production of heat stressed broilers
Poult Dig 2610ndash24
Teeter RG MO Smith FN Owens and SC Arp 1985
Chronic Heat Stress and Respiratory Alkalosis Occurrence and
treatment in broiler chicks Poult Sci 64 1060-1064
8
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Temim S A M Chagneau S Guillaumein J Mitchel R
Peresson and S Tesseraud 2000 Does excess dietary Protein
improve growth performance and characteristics in heat exposed
chickens Poult Sci 79 312 ndash 317
Trinder P 1969 Determination of glucose in blood using glucose
oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor Annals of Clin
Biochem 6 24-26
US National Climatic Data Center 2008 Global warming frequently
asked questions 2008
httpwwwncdcnoaagovoaclimateglobalwarminghtml
Watson D 1960 A simple method for determination of serum
cholesterol Clin Chem Acta 5 637-643
Weichselbaum TE 1946 An accurate and rapid methode for
determination of proteins in small amount of blood serum and
plasma Am J Clin Pathol 16 40ndash48
Widyaratne G P and M D Drew 2011 Effects of protein level
and digestibility on the growth and carcass characteristics of
broiler chickens Poult Sci 90595-603
Yahav S 2000 Domestic fowl-Strategies to confront environmental
conditions Avian and Poult Biol Rev 1181-95
Yahav S and JP McMurtry 2001 Thermotolerance acquisition
in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life-the
effect of timing and ambient temperature Poult Sci 12 1662-
1666
Yahav S and I Plavnik 1999 Effect of early ndash age thermal
conditioning and food restriction on performance and thermo-
tolerance of male broiler chickens Br Poult Sci 40 120 ndash
126
Yakubu A J A Ayoade and Y M Dahiru 2010 Effects of
genotype and population density on growth performance
carcass characteristics and cost-benefits of broiler chickens in
north central Nigeria Trop Anim Health and Prod 42 719-
727
Yan F JH Kersey CA Fritts PW Waldroup H L Stilborn
RC Jr Crumm and DW Rice (DGKC) 1972 Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuumlr Klinische
Chemie Z Klin Chimerical und Klinical Biochemsirty
10182
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Young DS CL Pestaner and U Gilberman 1975 Effects of
drugs on clinical laboratory tests Clin Chem 21 3660
الملخص العربي
للتقسة الحرارة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد التعرض وم 12حتى عمر ونظام البروتن الغذائ
2ولد شعبان حبش ndash 1ريسام اجا - 2وسف عبد الوهاب عطة-2ولد الطحاوي
جامعة دمنهور ndashكلة الزراعة ndash قسم االنتاج الحوان والداجن 1 اثنا-جامعة جورجا ndashقسم علوم الدواجن 2
أجرت هذه التجربة بهدف دراسة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد
األقتصادة وهرمون البروتن الغذائ عل الصفاتالتعرض للتقسة الحرارة ونظام تم استخدام ومكونات الدم البوكماوة والهماتولوجة الثروكسن ف بالزما الدم
كتكوت من ساللة الهابرد و نفس العدد من ساللة االربوراكرز وتم توزعهم 256تقسة حرارة ) تعرض 2نظام بروتن غذائ 2معامالت ) 8عشوائا عل ساعة عند 24 لمدة 77م ورطوبة ordm 373لكتاكت لدرجة حرارة مجموعة من ا
م ورطوبة نسبة 33أام ثم العودة ال درجة الحرارة والرطوبة الطبعة ) 3عمر وكان نظام من كل ساللة ( 45م ورطوبة نسبة ordm 33( وأخري كنترول )45
( أو قاس 24عال )وم 21عمر البروتن المتبع ف عالئق البادئ حتى(22)
أام إل انخفاض معدل 3تعرض الكتاكت ال التقسة الحرارة عند عمر أدى وم من العمر( 4-3النمو وكذلك سوء الكفاءة الغذائة خالل فترة التقسة الحرارة )
وم كان هناك تشابه ف 21-1مقارنة بمجموعة الكنترول أما خالل الفترة من عمر كما أظهرت النتائج انخفاض مستوي هرمون الثروكسن لكفاءة الغذائةمعدل النمو وا
وم للمجامع المعرضه للتقسة الحرارة مقارنة 21ف بالزما الدم عند عمر بالكنترول
4-3أدى نظام البروتن الغذائ المرتفع ال زادة معدل النمو فقط خالل فترة من ة مستوي االلبومن والجلوكوز والمالونالدهد وم من العمروكذلك زاد 21-1اام و
والكرات الدم القاعدة والدلل المناع ف بالزما الدم ولكن انخفضت النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن ف بالزما الدم أما بالنسبة لتأثر التركب الوراث فكانت هناك
ة والفسولوجة حث تفوقت ساللة العدد من التأثرات الواضحة ف اإلستجابة اإلنتاجوم وعدد كرات الدم البضاء 21-1االربوركرز ف الصفات االنتاجة ف الفترة من
وكرات الدم الحامضة عن ساللة الهابرد الت كانت متفوقة ف النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن وكرات الدم القاعدة والخلطة
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
ن الساللة والتقسة الحرارة ونظام البروتن الغذائ وقد ظهر تداخل معنوي بوم من العمر وكذلك معدل 21-1اام والفترة من 4-3عل معدل النمو خالل الفترة وم من العمر وكذلك النشاط البلعم 21-1التحول الغذائ ف الفترة من
قاس عتبران أداة مما سبق تضح أن التقسة الحرارة و نظام البروتن الغذائ المناسبة لمعاملة دجاج اللحم ف المناطق المرتفعة ف درجات الحرارة والمماثلة لظروف
تلك المنطقة الت أجرت بها
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
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group (Praharaj et al 1998 Melo et al 1998) and supplementation
with methionine and choline significantly improved cellular and
humoral immune response (Swain and Johri 2000) Arbor acres
strain had significantly higher WBCs lymphocytes and esinophil than
Hub strain Meanwhile the contrary was shown in basophil and
heterophil
There was no significant interaction between strains of
broilers TC and PR on most of blood hematological at day 21 of age
(Table 7) expect for phagocytes activity Hub chicks exposed to C
and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain exposed to TC and fed the same diet The AA chicks exposed to
TC and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain kept on C and fed high and standard PR Meanwhile Hub
chicks exposed to TC and fed high PR had significantly lower PA than
that of AA chicks on the same treatments However Hub chicks
exposed to C and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of
AA chicks on the same treatments These findings indicated different
genetic potential between the two strains under investigation which
may be ascribed to variations in genetic makeup (Rosa et al 2007
Benyi et al 2009 Abdullah et al 2010 Yakubu et al 2010)
It could be concluded that broilers exposed to TC and fed
standard PR exhibited compensatory growth suggesting that TC and
standard PR may be suitable management tool to improve chickens
tolerance to heat stress late in life particularly in high temperature
regions
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Arjona A D Denbow and W Weaver 1990 Neonatally-induced
thermotolerance Physiological responses Comp Bio-chem
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Methods of Analysis Association of Analytical Chemists 15th
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7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Attia Y A S A Abd El-Rahman and E M A Qota 2001 Effects of microbial phytase with or without cell-wall splitting
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J 21 521-547
Attia Y A M Barbara Dora Bohmer and A Roth-Maier 2006 Responded of broiler chicks raised under constant relatively
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Attia Y A R A Hassan A E Tag El-Din and B M Abou-
Shehema 2011 Effect of ascorbic acid or increasing
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Attia Y A Mona Osman El-Samra Abou-Egla and A A
Eldeek 1995 Response of growth feed conversion and
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203261-3282
Benyi K OAcheampong-Boateng DNorris MMathoho and
MSMikasi 2009 The response of Ross 308 and Hybro broiler
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Anim Health and Prod 41 1707-1713
Cahaner A YPinchasov INir and ZNitsan 1995 Effects of
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breast meat yield and abdominal fat deposition of broiler stocks
differing in growth rate and fatness Poult Sci 74 968 ndash 975
Coles E H 1974 Veterinary clinical pathology pp 211-213 W B
Saunder Company Philadelphia London Toronto
Combination of vaccination and competitive exclusion to
prevent Salmonella colonization in chickens experimental
studies Inter J Food Microbial 4935-42
Daghir N2008 Nutrient requirements of poultry at high temperature
In Poultry production in hot climates (Daghir N J editor) 2nd
edition CAB International UK
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Dale N M and H LFuller 1979 Effects of diet composition on
feed intake and growth of chicks under heat stress 1 Dietary fat
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Deaton JW FN Reece SL Branton and JD May 1986 High
environmental temperature and broiler livability Poult Sci
651268-1269
De BasilioV MVilarino S Yahav and M Picard 2001 Early-
age thermal conditioning and a dual feeding program for male
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Doumas B T D Watson and H G Biggs 1977 Albumin
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Eilers R J 1967 Notification of final adoption of an international
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Clin Path 47 212-214
Hepler O E 1966 Manual of clinical laboratory methods Thomas
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Kawahara E T Ueda and S Nomura 1991 In vitro phagocytic
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Aeromonas salmonicida extracelluar products Gyobyo
Kenkyu Japan 26 213-214
Koracevic D G Koracevic V Djordjevic S Andrejevic and V
Cosic 2001 Method for the measurement of antioxidant
activity in human fluids J Clin Pathol 54356-361
Lin H H C Jiao J Buyse and E Decuypere 2006 Strategies for
preventing heat stress in poultry Worlds Poult Sci J 62 71-
85
Lister S A 2010 Poultry diseases ndash their control and effects on
nutritional requirements Worlds Poult Sci J 66 633-638
Lucas A M and C Jamroz 1961 Atlas of Avian Hematology
Agriculture Monograph 25 USDA Washington DC USA
Melo J G Mallo C Campelletti E Villar M C Miquel and F
Hoffman 1998 Influence of two different protein content diets
and two broiler strains on antibody production Revista de
Medicina Veterinaria (Buenos Aires) 79169minus171
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Musharaf NA and J D Latshaw 1999 Heat increment as
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National Research Council (NRC) 1994 Nutrient requirement of
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revised Edn National Academy Press Washington
DC USA
Praharaj N K S V Ramarao M R Reddy G Shyam-Sunder
and B L N Reddy 1998 Sire by protein interactions for
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Requena F V De Basilio Y Oliveros E Saume A Mendez D
Fung J Marquina and D Bastianelli 2010 Tuning
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Richard M J B Portal J Meo C Coudray A Hadjian and A
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Rosa P S D E Faria Filho F Dahlke B S Vieira M Macari
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Saleh K Y A Attia and H Younis 1996 Effect of feed restriction
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Swain B K and T S Johri 2000 Effect of supplemental
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Teeter R G 1994Optimizing production of heat stressed broilers
Poult Dig 2610ndash24
Teeter RG MO Smith FN Owens and SC Arp 1985
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Temim S A M Chagneau S Guillaumein J Mitchel R
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Watson D 1960 A simple method for determination of serum
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Weichselbaum TE 1946 An accurate and rapid methode for
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Widyaratne G P and M D Drew 2011 Effects of protein level
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Yahav S 2000 Domestic fowl-Strategies to confront environmental
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Yahav S and JP McMurtry 2001 Thermotolerance acquisition
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Yahav S and I Plavnik 1999 Effect of early ndash age thermal
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Yakubu A J A Ayoade and Y M Dahiru 2010 Effects of
genotype and population density on growth performance
carcass characteristics and cost-benefits of broiler chickens in
north central Nigeria Trop Anim Health and Prod 42 719-
727
Yan F JH Kersey CA Fritts PW Waldroup H L Stilborn
RC Jr Crumm and DW Rice (DGKC) 1972 Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuumlr Klinische
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10182
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Young DS CL Pestaner and U Gilberman 1975 Effects of
drugs on clinical laboratory tests Clin Chem 21 3660
الملخص العربي
للتقسة الحرارة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد التعرض وم 12حتى عمر ونظام البروتن الغذائ
2ولد شعبان حبش ndash 1ريسام اجا - 2وسف عبد الوهاب عطة-2ولد الطحاوي
جامعة دمنهور ndashكلة الزراعة ndash قسم االنتاج الحوان والداجن 1 اثنا-جامعة جورجا ndashقسم علوم الدواجن 2
أجرت هذه التجربة بهدف دراسة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد
األقتصادة وهرمون البروتن الغذائ عل الصفاتالتعرض للتقسة الحرارة ونظام تم استخدام ومكونات الدم البوكماوة والهماتولوجة الثروكسن ف بالزما الدم
كتكوت من ساللة الهابرد و نفس العدد من ساللة االربوراكرز وتم توزعهم 256تقسة حرارة ) تعرض 2نظام بروتن غذائ 2معامالت ) 8عشوائا عل ساعة عند 24 لمدة 77م ورطوبة ordm 373لكتاكت لدرجة حرارة مجموعة من ا
م ورطوبة نسبة 33أام ثم العودة ال درجة الحرارة والرطوبة الطبعة ) 3عمر وكان نظام من كل ساللة ( 45م ورطوبة نسبة ordm 33( وأخري كنترول )45
( أو قاس 24عال )وم 21عمر البروتن المتبع ف عالئق البادئ حتى(22)
أام إل انخفاض معدل 3تعرض الكتاكت ال التقسة الحرارة عند عمر أدى وم من العمر( 4-3النمو وكذلك سوء الكفاءة الغذائة خالل فترة التقسة الحرارة )
وم كان هناك تشابه ف 21-1مقارنة بمجموعة الكنترول أما خالل الفترة من عمر كما أظهرت النتائج انخفاض مستوي هرمون الثروكسن لكفاءة الغذائةمعدل النمو وا
وم للمجامع المعرضه للتقسة الحرارة مقارنة 21ف بالزما الدم عند عمر بالكنترول
4-3أدى نظام البروتن الغذائ المرتفع ال زادة معدل النمو فقط خالل فترة من ة مستوي االلبومن والجلوكوز والمالونالدهد وم من العمروكذلك زاد 21-1اام و
والكرات الدم القاعدة والدلل المناع ف بالزما الدم ولكن انخفضت النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن ف بالزما الدم أما بالنسبة لتأثر التركب الوراث فكانت هناك
ة والفسولوجة حث تفوقت ساللة العدد من التأثرات الواضحة ف اإلستجابة اإلنتاجوم وعدد كرات الدم البضاء 21-1االربوركرز ف الصفات االنتاجة ف الفترة من
وكرات الدم الحامضة عن ساللة الهابرد الت كانت متفوقة ف النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن وكرات الدم القاعدة والخلطة
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
ن الساللة والتقسة الحرارة ونظام البروتن الغذائ وقد ظهر تداخل معنوي بوم من العمر وكذلك معدل 21-1اام والفترة من 4-3عل معدل النمو خالل الفترة وم من العمر وكذلك النشاط البلعم 21-1التحول الغذائ ف الفترة من
قاس عتبران أداة مما سبق تضح أن التقسة الحرارة و نظام البروتن الغذائ المناسبة لمعاملة دجاج اللحم ف المناطق المرتفعة ف درجات الحرارة والمماثلة لظروف
تلك المنطقة الت أجرت بها
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
group (Praharaj et al 1998 Melo et al 1998) and supplementation
with methionine and choline significantly improved cellular and
humoral immune response (Swain and Johri 2000) Arbor acres
strain had significantly higher WBCs lymphocytes and esinophil than
Hub strain Meanwhile the contrary was shown in basophil and
heterophil
There was no significant interaction between strains of
broilers TC and PR on most of blood hematological at day 21 of age
(Table 7) expect for phagocytes activity Hub chicks exposed to C
and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain exposed to TC and fed the same diet The AA chicks exposed to
TC and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of the same
strain kept on C and fed high and standard PR Meanwhile Hub
chicks exposed to TC and fed high PR had significantly lower PA than
that of AA chicks on the same treatments However Hub chicks
exposed to C and fed high PR had significantly higher PA than that of
AA chicks on the same treatments These findings indicated different
genetic potential between the two strains under investigation which
may be ascribed to variations in genetic makeup (Rosa et al 2007
Benyi et al 2009 Abdullah et al 2010 Yakubu et al 2010)
It could be concluded that broilers exposed to TC and fed
standard PR exhibited compensatory growth suggesting that TC and
standard PR may be suitable management tool to improve chickens
tolerance to heat stress late in life particularly in high temperature
regions
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and M A A Ishmais 2010 Growth performance carcass and
meat quality characteristics of different commercial crosses of
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Arjona A D Denbow and W Weaver 1990 Neonatally-induced
thermotolerance Physiological responses Comp Bio-chem
Physiol 95A393ndash399
Association Of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990 Official
Methods of Analysis Association of Analytical Chemists 15th
Ed Washington DC USA
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Attia Y A S A Abd El-Rahman and E M A Qota 2001 Effects of microbial phytase with or without cell-wall splitting
enzymes on the performance of broilers fed suboptimum levels
of dietary protein and metaboilzable energy Egyptian Poult Sci
J 21 521-547
Attia Y A M Barbara Dora Bohmer and A Roth-Maier 2006 Responded of broiler chicks raised under constant relatively
high ambient temperature to enzymes amino acid
supplementations or a high-nutrient diet Archive fur
Geflugelkunde 70 80-91
Attia Y A R A Hassan A E Tag El-Din and B M Abou-
Shehema 2011 Effect of ascorbic acid or increasing
metabolizable energy level with or without supplementation of
some essential amino acids on productive and physiological
traits of slow-growing chicks exposed to chronic heat stress J
Anim Phys Anim Nutr in press early view
Attia Y A Mona Osman El-Samra Abou-Egla and A A
Eldeek 1995 Response of growth feed conversion and
carcass characteristics of broiler chicks to feed restriction
methods time and diet quality Mansoura J Agri Sci
203261-3282
Benyi K OAcheampong-Boateng DNorris MMathoho and
MSMikasi 2009 The response of Ross 308 and Hybro broiler
chickens to early and late skip-a-day feed restriction Tropical
Anim Health and Prod 41 1707-1713
Cahaner A YPinchasov INir and ZNitsan 1995 Effects of
dietary protein under high ambient temperature on body weight
breast meat yield and abdominal fat deposition of broiler stocks
differing in growth rate and fatness Poult Sci 74 968 ndash 975
Coles E H 1974 Veterinary clinical pathology pp 211-213 W B
Saunder Company Philadelphia London Toronto
Combination of vaccination and competitive exclusion to
prevent Salmonella colonization in chickens experimental
studies Inter J Food Microbial 4935-42
Daghir N2008 Nutrient requirements of poultry at high temperature
In Poultry production in hot climates (Daghir N J editor) 2nd
edition CAB International UK
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Dale N M and H LFuller 1979 Effects of diet composition on
feed intake and growth of chicks under heat stress 1 Dietary fat
levels Poult Sci 581529 -1534
Deaton JW FN Reece SL Branton and JD May 1986 High
environmental temperature and broiler livability Poult Sci
651268-1269
De BasilioV MVilarino S Yahav and M Picard 2001 Early-
age thermal conditioning and a dual feeding program for male
broilers challenged by heat stress Poult Sci 8029-36
Doumas B T D Watson and H G Biggs 1977 Albumin
standards and the measurement of blood albumin with
bromocisol green Clin Chem Acta 3187-96
Eilers R J 1967 Notification of final adoption of an international
method and standard olution for hemoglobinometry
specifications for preparation of a standard solution Amer J
Clin Path 47 212-214
Hepler O E 1966 Manual of clinical laboratory methods Thomas
sparing field Illinois USA
Kawahara E T Ueda and S Nomura 1991 In vitro phagocytic
activity of white spotted shark cells after injection with
Aeromonas salmonicida extracelluar products Gyobyo
Kenkyu Japan 26 213-214
Koracevic D G Koracevic V Djordjevic S Andrejevic and V
Cosic 2001 Method for the measurement of antioxidant
activity in human fluids J Clin Pathol 54356-361
Lin H H C Jiao J Buyse and E Decuypere 2006 Strategies for
preventing heat stress in poultry Worlds Poult Sci J 62 71-
85
Lister S A 2010 Poultry diseases ndash their control and effects on
nutritional requirements Worlds Poult Sci J 66 633-638
Lucas A M and C Jamroz 1961 Atlas of Avian Hematology
Agriculture Monograph 25 USDA Washington DC USA
Melo J G Mallo C Campelletti E Villar M C Miquel and F
Hoffman 1998 Influence of two different protein content diets
and two broiler strains on antibody production Revista de
Medicina Veterinaria (Buenos Aires) 79169minus171
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Musharaf NA and J D Latshaw 1999 Heat increment as
affected by protein and amino acid nutrition Worldrsquos PoultSci
J 55 233-239
National Research Council (NRC) 1994 Nutrient requirement of
poultry 9th
revised Edn National Academy Press Washington
DC USA
Praharaj N K S V Ramarao M R Reddy G Shyam-Sunder
and B L N Reddy 1998 Sire by protein interactions for
growth feed efficiency and immunoresponsiveness in coloured
broilers Indian J Anim Sci 681065-1067
Requena F V De Basilio Y Oliveros E Saume A Mendez D
Fung J Marquina and D Bastianelli 2010 Tuning
environmental parameters to maximize efficiency of early
thermal conditioning in broilers XIIIth European Poultry
Conference 2704-2708
Richard M J B Portal J Meo C Coudray A Hadjian and A
Favier 1992 Malondialdehyde kit evaluated for determining
plasma and lipoprotein fractions that react with thiobarbituric
acid Clin Chem 38 704-709
Rosa P S D E Faria Filho F Dahlke B S Vieira M Macari
and R L Fulan 2007 Effect of Energy Intake on performance
and carcass composition of broiler chickens from two different
genetic groups BrazJ PoultSci 9117-122
Saleh K Y A Attia and H Younis 1996 Effect of feed restriction
and breed on compensatory growth abdominal fat and some
production traits of broiler chicks Archiv Fuumlr Gefluumlgelkunde
60 (4)153-159
SAS Institute (1996) SASreg
Userrsquos Guide Statistics Version 6 Edn
SAS Institute Inc Cary NC USA
Swain B K and T S Johri 2000 Effect of supplemental
methionine choline and their combinations on the performance
and immune of broilers Br Poult Sci 4183-88
Teeter R G 1994Optimizing production of heat stressed broilers
Poult Dig 2610ndash24
Teeter RG MO Smith FN Owens and SC Arp 1985
Chronic Heat Stress and Respiratory Alkalosis Occurrence and
treatment in broiler chicks Poult Sci 64 1060-1064
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Temim S A M Chagneau S Guillaumein J Mitchel R
Peresson and S Tesseraud 2000 Does excess dietary Protein
improve growth performance and characteristics in heat exposed
chickens Poult Sci 79 312 ndash 317
Trinder P 1969 Determination of glucose in blood using glucose
oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor Annals of Clin
Biochem 6 24-26
US National Climatic Data Center 2008 Global warming frequently
asked questions 2008
httpwwwncdcnoaagovoaclimateglobalwarminghtml
Watson D 1960 A simple method for determination of serum
cholesterol Clin Chem Acta 5 637-643
Weichselbaum TE 1946 An accurate and rapid methode for
determination of proteins in small amount of blood serum and
plasma Am J Clin Pathol 16 40ndash48
Widyaratne G P and M D Drew 2011 Effects of protein level
and digestibility on the growth and carcass characteristics of
broiler chickens Poult Sci 90595-603
Yahav S 2000 Domestic fowl-Strategies to confront environmental
conditions Avian and Poult Biol Rev 1181-95
Yahav S and JP McMurtry 2001 Thermotolerance acquisition
in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life-the
effect of timing and ambient temperature Poult Sci 12 1662-
1666
Yahav S and I Plavnik 1999 Effect of early ndash age thermal
conditioning and food restriction on performance and thermo-
tolerance of male broiler chickens Br Poult Sci 40 120 ndash
126
Yakubu A J A Ayoade and Y M Dahiru 2010 Effects of
genotype and population density on growth performance
carcass characteristics and cost-benefits of broiler chickens in
north central Nigeria Trop Anim Health and Prod 42 719-
727
Yan F JH Kersey CA Fritts PW Waldroup H L Stilborn
RC Jr Crumm and DW Rice (DGKC) 1972 Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuumlr Klinische
Chemie Z Klin Chimerical und Klinical Biochemsirty
10182
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Young DS CL Pestaner and U Gilberman 1975 Effects of
drugs on clinical laboratory tests Clin Chem 21 3660
الملخص العربي
للتقسة الحرارة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد التعرض وم 12حتى عمر ونظام البروتن الغذائ
2ولد شعبان حبش ndash 1ريسام اجا - 2وسف عبد الوهاب عطة-2ولد الطحاوي
جامعة دمنهور ndashكلة الزراعة ndash قسم االنتاج الحوان والداجن 1 اثنا-جامعة جورجا ndashقسم علوم الدواجن 2
أجرت هذه التجربة بهدف دراسة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد
األقتصادة وهرمون البروتن الغذائ عل الصفاتالتعرض للتقسة الحرارة ونظام تم استخدام ومكونات الدم البوكماوة والهماتولوجة الثروكسن ف بالزما الدم
كتكوت من ساللة الهابرد و نفس العدد من ساللة االربوراكرز وتم توزعهم 256تقسة حرارة ) تعرض 2نظام بروتن غذائ 2معامالت ) 8عشوائا عل ساعة عند 24 لمدة 77م ورطوبة ordm 373لكتاكت لدرجة حرارة مجموعة من ا
م ورطوبة نسبة 33أام ثم العودة ال درجة الحرارة والرطوبة الطبعة ) 3عمر وكان نظام من كل ساللة ( 45م ورطوبة نسبة ordm 33( وأخري كنترول )45
( أو قاس 24عال )وم 21عمر البروتن المتبع ف عالئق البادئ حتى(22)
أام إل انخفاض معدل 3تعرض الكتاكت ال التقسة الحرارة عند عمر أدى وم من العمر( 4-3النمو وكذلك سوء الكفاءة الغذائة خالل فترة التقسة الحرارة )
وم كان هناك تشابه ف 21-1مقارنة بمجموعة الكنترول أما خالل الفترة من عمر كما أظهرت النتائج انخفاض مستوي هرمون الثروكسن لكفاءة الغذائةمعدل النمو وا
وم للمجامع المعرضه للتقسة الحرارة مقارنة 21ف بالزما الدم عند عمر بالكنترول
4-3أدى نظام البروتن الغذائ المرتفع ال زادة معدل النمو فقط خالل فترة من ة مستوي االلبومن والجلوكوز والمالونالدهد وم من العمروكذلك زاد 21-1اام و
والكرات الدم القاعدة والدلل المناع ف بالزما الدم ولكن انخفضت النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن ف بالزما الدم أما بالنسبة لتأثر التركب الوراث فكانت هناك
ة والفسولوجة حث تفوقت ساللة العدد من التأثرات الواضحة ف اإلستجابة اإلنتاجوم وعدد كرات الدم البضاء 21-1االربوركرز ف الصفات االنتاجة ف الفترة من
وكرات الدم الحامضة عن ساللة الهابرد الت كانت متفوقة ف النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن وكرات الدم القاعدة والخلطة
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
ن الساللة والتقسة الحرارة ونظام البروتن الغذائ وقد ظهر تداخل معنوي بوم من العمر وكذلك معدل 21-1اام والفترة من 4-3عل معدل النمو خالل الفترة وم من العمر وكذلك النشاط البلعم 21-1التحول الغذائ ف الفترة من
قاس عتبران أداة مما سبق تضح أن التقسة الحرارة و نظام البروتن الغذائ المناسبة لمعاملة دجاج اللحم ف المناطق المرتفعة ف درجات الحرارة والمماثلة لظروف
تلك المنطقة الت أجرت بها
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Attia Y A S A Abd El-Rahman and E M A Qota 2001 Effects of microbial phytase with or without cell-wall splitting
enzymes on the performance of broilers fed suboptimum levels
of dietary protein and metaboilzable energy Egyptian Poult Sci
J 21 521-547
Attia Y A M Barbara Dora Bohmer and A Roth-Maier 2006 Responded of broiler chicks raised under constant relatively
high ambient temperature to enzymes amino acid
supplementations or a high-nutrient diet Archive fur
Geflugelkunde 70 80-91
Attia Y A R A Hassan A E Tag El-Din and B M Abou-
Shehema 2011 Effect of ascorbic acid or increasing
metabolizable energy level with or without supplementation of
some essential amino acids on productive and physiological
traits of slow-growing chicks exposed to chronic heat stress J
Anim Phys Anim Nutr in press early view
Attia Y A Mona Osman El-Samra Abou-Egla and A A
Eldeek 1995 Response of growth feed conversion and
carcass characteristics of broiler chicks to feed restriction
methods time and diet quality Mansoura J Agri Sci
203261-3282
Benyi K OAcheampong-Boateng DNorris MMathoho and
MSMikasi 2009 The response of Ross 308 and Hybro broiler
chickens to early and late skip-a-day feed restriction Tropical
Anim Health and Prod 41 1707-1713
Cahaner A YPinchasov INir and ZNitsan 1995 Effects of
dietary protein under high ambient temperature on body weight
breast meat yield and abdominal fat deposition of broiler stocks
differing in growth rate and fatness Poult Sci 74 968 ndash 975
Coles E H 1974 Veterinary clinical pathology pp 211-213 W B
Saunder Company Philadelphia London Toronto
Combination of vaccination and competitive exclusion to
prevent Salmonella colonization in chickens experimental
studies Inter J Food Microbial 4935-42
Daghir N2008 Nutrient requirements of poultry at high temperature
In Poultry production in hot climates (Daghir N J editor) 2nd
edition CAB International UK
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Dale N M and H LFuller 1979 Effects of diet composition on
feed intake and growth of chicks under heat stress 1 Dietary fat
levels Poult Sci 581529 -1534
Deaton JW FN Reece SL Branton and JD May 1986 High
environmental temperature and broiler livability Poult Sci
651268-1269
De BasilioV MVilarino S Yahav and M Picard 2001 Early-
age thermal conditioning and a dual feeding program for male
broilers challenged by heat stress Poult Sci 8029-36
Doumas B T D Watson and H G Biggs 1977 Albumin
standards and the measurement of blood albumin with
bromocisol green Clin Chem Acta 3187-96
Eilers R J 1967 Notification of final adoption of an international
method and standard olution for hemoglobinometry
specifications for preparation of a standard solution Amer J
Clin Path 47 212-214
Hepler O E 1966 Manual of clinical laboratory methods Thomas
sparing field Illinois USA
Kawahara E T Ueda and S Nomura 1991 In vitro phagocytic
activity of white spotted shark cells after injection with
Aeromonas salmonicida extracelluar products Gyobyo
Kenkyu Japan 26 213-214
Koracevic D G Koracevic V Djordjevic S Andrejevic and V
Cosic 2001 Method for the measurement of antioxidant
activity in human fluids J Clin Pathol 54356-361
Lin H H C Jiao J Buyse and E Decuypere 2006 Strategies for
preventing heat stress in poultry Worlds Poult Sci J 62 71-
85
Lister S A 2010 Poultry diseases ndash their control and effects on
nutritional requirements Worlds Poult Sci J 66 633-638
Lucas A M and C Jamroz 1961 Atlas of Avian Hematology
Agriculture Monograph 25 USDA Washington DC USA
Melo J G Mallo C Campelletti E Villar M C Miquel and F
Hoffman 1998 Influence of two different protein content diets
and two broiler strains on antibody production Revista de
Medicina Veterinaria (Buenos Aires) 79169minus171
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Musharaf NA and J D Latshaw 1999 Heat increment as
affected by protein and amino acid nutrition Worldrsquos PoultSci
J 55 233-239
National Research Council (NRC) 1994 Nutrient requirement of
poultry 9th
revised Edn National Academy Press Washington
DC USA
Praharaj N K S V Ramarao M R Reddy G Shyam-Sunder
and B L N Reddy 1998 Sire by protein interactions for
growth feed efficiency and immunoresponsiveness in coloured
broilers Indian J Anim Sci 681065-1067
Requena F V De Basilio Y Oliveros E Saume A Mendez D
Fung J Marquina and D Bastianelli 2010 Tuning
environmental parameters to maximize efficiency of early
thermal conditioning in broilers XIIIth European Poultry
Conference 2704-2708
Richard M J B Portal J Meo C Coudray A Hadjian and A
Favier 1992 Malondialdehyde kit evaluated for determining
plasma and lipoprotein fractions that react with thiobarbituric
acid Clin Chem 38 704-709
Rosa P S D E Faria Filho F Dahlke B S Vieira M Macari
and R L Fulan 2007 Effect of Energy Intake on performance
and carcass composition of broiler chickens from two different
genetic groups BrazJ PoultSci 9117-122
Saleh K Y A Attia and H Younis 1996 Effect of feed restriction
and breed on compensatory growth abdominal fat and some
production traits of broiler chicks Archiv Fuumlr Gefluumlgelkunde
60 (4)153-159
SAS Institute (1996) SASreg
Userrsquos Guide Statistics Version 6 Edn
SAS Institute Inc Cary NC USA
Swain B K and T S Johri 2000 Effect of supplemental
methionine choline and their combinations on the performance
and immune of broilers Br Poult Sci 4183-88
Teeter R G 1994Optimizing production of heat stressed broilers
Poult Dig 2610ndash24
Teeter RG MO Smith FN Owens and SC Arp 1985
Chronic Heat Stress and Respiratory Alkalosis Occurrence and
treatment in broiler chicks Poult Sci 64 1060-1064
8
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Temim S A M Chagneau S Guillaumein J Mitchel R
Peresson and S Tesseraud 2000 Does excess dietary Protein
improve growth performance and characteristics in heat exposed
chickens Poult Sci 79 312 ndash 317
Trinder P 1969 Determination of glucose in blood using glucose
oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor Annals of Clin
Biochem 6 24-26
US National Climatic Data Center 2008 Global warming frequently
asked questions 2008
httpwwwncdcnoaagovoaclimateglobalwarminghtml
Watson D 1960 A simple method for determination of serum
cholesterol Clin Chem Acta 5 637-643
Weichselbaum TE 1946 An accurate and rapid methode for
determination of proteins in small amount of blood serum and
plasma Am J Clin Pathol 16 40ndash48
Widyaratne G P and M D Drew 2011 Effects of protein level
and digestibility on the growth and carcass characteristics of
broiler chickens Poult Sci 90595-603
Yahav S 2000 Domestic fowl-Strategies to confront environmental
conditions Avian and Poult Biol Rev 1181-95
Yahav S and JP McMurtry 2001 Thermotolerance acquisition
in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life-the
effect of timing and ambient temperature Poult Sci 12 1662-
1666
Yahav S and I Plavnik 1999 Effect of early ndash age thermal
conditioning and food restriction on performance and thermo-
tolerance of male broiler chickens Br Poult Sci 40 120 ndash
126
Yakubu A J A Ayoade and Y M Dahiru 2010 Effects of
genotype and population density on growth performance
carcass characteristics and cost-benefits of broiler chickens in
north central Nigeria Trop Anim Health and Prod 42 719-
727
Yan F JH Kersey CA Fritts PW Waldroup H L Stilborn
RC Jr Crumm and DW Rice (DGKC) 1972 Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuumlr Klinische
Chemie Z Klin Chimerical und Klinical Biochemsirty
10182
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Young DS CL Pestaner and U Gilberman 1975 Effects of
drugs on clinical laboratory tests Clin Chem 21 3660
الملخص العربي
للتقسة الحرارة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد التعرض وم 12حتى عمر ونظام البروتن الغذائ
2ولد شعبان حبش ndash 1ريسام اجا - 2وسف عبد الوهاب عطة-2ولد الطحاوي
جامعة دمنهور ndashكلة الزراعة ndash قسم االنتاج الحوان والداجن 1 اثنا-جامعة جورجا ndashقسم علوم الدواجن 2
أجرت هذه التجربة بهدف دراسة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد
األقتصادة وهرمون البروتن الغذائ عل الصفاتالتعرض للتقسة الحرارة ونظام تم استخدام ومكونات الدم البوكماوة والهماتولوجة الثروكسن ف بالزما الدم
كتكوت من ساللة الهابرد و نفس العدد من ساللة االربوراكرز وتم توزعهم 256تقسة حرارة ) تعرض 2نظام بروتن غذائ 2معامالت ) 8عشوائا عل ساعة عند 24 لمدة 77م ورطوبة ordm 373لكتاكت لدرجة حرارة مجموعة من ا
م ورطوبة نسبة 33أام ثم العودة ال درجة الحرارة والرطوبة الطبعة ) 3عمر وكان نظام من كل ساللة ( 45م ورطوبة نسبة ordm 33( وأخري كنترول )45
( أو قاس 24عال )وم 21عمر البروتن المتبع ف عالئق البادئ حتى(22)
أام إل انخفاض معدل 3تعرض الكتاكت ال التقسة الحرارة عند عمر أدى وم من العمر( 4-3النمو وكذلك سوء الكفاءة الغذائة خالل فترة التقسة الحرارة )
وم كان هناك تشابه ف 21-1مقارنة بمجموعة الكنترول أما خالل الفترة من عمر كما أظهرت النتائج انخفاض مستوي هرمون الثروكسن لكفاءة الغذائةمعدل النمو وا
وم للمجامع المعرضه للتقسة الحرارة مقارنة 21ف بالزما الدم عند عمر بالكنترول
4-3أدى نظام البروتن الغذائ المرتفع ال زادة معدل النمو فقط خالل فترة من ة مستوي االلبومن والجلوكوز والمالونالدهد وم من العمروكذلك زاد 21-1اام و
والكرات الدم القاعدة والدلل المناع ف بالزما الدم ولكن انخفضت النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن ف بالزما الدم أما بالنسبة لتأثر التركب الوراث فكانت هناك
ة والفسولوجة حث تفوقت ساللة العدد من التأثرات الواضحة ف اإلستجابة اإلنتاجوم وعدد كرات الدم البضاء 21-1االربوركرز ف الصفات االنتاجة ف الفترة من
وكرات الدم الحامضة عن ساللة الهابرد الت كانت متفوقة ف النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن وكرات الدم القاعدة والخلطة
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
ن الساللة والتقسة الحرارة ونظام البروتن الغذائ وقد ظهر تداخل معنوي بوم من العمر وكذلك معدل 21-1اام والفترة من 4-3عل معدل النمو خالل الفترة وم من العمر وكذلك النشاط البلعم 21-1التحول الغذائ ف الفترة من
قاس عتبران أداة مما سبق تضح أن التقسة الحرارة و نظام البروتن الغذائ المناسبة لمعاملة دجاج اللحم ف المناطق المرتفعة ف درجات الحرارة والمماثلة لظروف
تلك المنطقة الت أجرت بها
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Dale N M and H LFuller 1979 Effects of diet composition on
feed intake and growth of chicks under heat stress 1 Dietary fat
levels Poult Sci 581529 -1534
Deaton JW FN Reece SL Branton and JD May 1986 High
environmental temperature and broiler livability Poult Sci
651268-1269
De BasilioV MVilarino S Yahav and M Picard 2001 Early-
age thermal conditioning and a dual feeding program for male
broilers challenged by heat stress Poult Sci 8029-36
Doumas B T D Watson and H G Biggs 1977 Albumin
standards and the measurement of blood albumin with
bromocisol green Clin Chem Acta 3187-96
Eilers R J 1967 Notification of final adoption of an international
method and standard olution for hemoglobinometry
specifications for preparation of a standard solution Amer J
Clin Path 47 212-214
Hepler O E 1966 Manual of clinical laboratory methods Thomas
sparing field Illinois USA
Kawahara E T Ueda and S Nomura 1991 In vitro phagocytic
activity of white spotted shark cells after injection with
Aeromonas salmonicida extracelluar products Gyobyo
Kenkyu Japan 26 213-214
Koracevic D G Koracevic V Djordjevic S Andrejevic and V
Cosic 2001 Method for the measurement of antioxidant
activity in human fluids J Clin Pathol 54356-361
Lin H H C Jiao J Buyse and E Decuypere 2006 Strategies for
preventing heat stress in poultry Worlds Poult Sci J 62 71-
85
Lister S A 2010 Poultry diseases ndash their control and effects on
nutritional requirements Worlds Poult Sci J 66 633-638
Lucas A M and C Jamroz 1961 Atlas of Avian Hematology
Agriculture Monograph 25 USDA Washington DC USA
Melo J G Mallo C Campelletti E Villar M C Miquel and F
Hoffman 1998 Influence of two different protein content diets
and two broiler strains on antibody production Revista de
Medicina Veterinaria (Buenos Aires) 79169minus171
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Musharaf NA and J D Latshaw 1999 Heat increment as
affected by protein and amino acid nutrition Worldrsquos PoultSci
J 55 233-239
National Research Council (NRC) 1994 Nutrient requirement of
poultry 9th
revised Edn National Academy Press Washington
DC USA
Praharaj N K S V Ramarao M R Reddy G Shyam-Sunder
and B L N Reddy 1998 Sire by protein interactions for
growth feed efficiency and immunoresponsiveness in coloured
broilers Indian J Anim Sci 681065-1067
Requena F V De Basilio Y Oliveros E Saume A Mendez D
Fung J Marquina and D Bastianelli 2010 Tuning
environmental parameters to maximize efficiency of early
thermal conditioning in broilers XIIIth European Poultry
Conference 2704-2708
Richard M J B Portal J Meo C Coudray A Hadjian and A
Favier 1992 Malondialdehyde kit evaluated for determining
plasma and lipoprotein fractions that react with thiobarbituric
acid Clin Chem 38 704-709
Rosa P S D E Faria Filho F Dahlke B S Vieira M Macari
and R L Fulan 2007 Effect of Energy Intake on performance
and carcass composition of broiler chickens from two different
genetic groups BrazJ PoultSci 9117-122
Saleh K Y A Attia and H Younis 1996 Effect of feed restriction
and breed on compensatory growth abdominal fat and some
production traits of broiler chicks Archiv Fuumlr Gefluumlgelkunde
60 (4)153-159
SAS Institute (1996) SASreg
Userrsquos Guide Statistics Version 6 Edn
SAS Institute Inc Cary NC USA
Swain B K and T S Johri 2000 Effect of supplemental
methionine choline and their combinations on the performance
and immune of broilers Br Poult Sci 4183-88
Teeter R G 1994Optimizing production of heat stressed broilers
Poult Dig 2610ndash24
Teeter RG MO Smith FN Owens and SC Arp 1985
Chronic Heat Stress and Respiratory Alkalosis Occurrence and
treatment in broiler chicks Poult Sci 64 1060-1064
8
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Temim S A M Chagneau S Guillaumein J Mitchel R
Peresson and S Tesseraud 2000 Does excess dietary Protein
improve growth performance and characteristics in heat exposed
chickens Poult Sci 79 312 ndash 317
Trinder P 1969 Determination of glucose in blood using glucose
oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor Annals of Clin
Biochem 6 24-26
US National Climatic Data Center 2008 Global warming frequently
asked questions 2008
httpwwwncdcnoaagovoaclimateglobalwarminghtml
Watson D 1960 A simple method for determination of serum
cholesterol Clin Chem Acta 5 637-643
Weichselbaum TE 1946 An accurate and rapid methode for
determination of proteins in small amount of blood serum and
plasma Am J Clin Pathol 16 40ndash48
Widyaratne G P and M D Drew 2011 Effects of protein level
and digestibility on the growth and carcass characteristics of
broiler chickens Poult Sci 90595-603
Yahav S 2000 Domestic fowl-Strategies to confront environmental
conditions Avian and Poult Biol Rev 1181-95
Yahav S and JP McMurtry 2001 Thermotolerance acquisition
in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life-the
effect of timing and ambient temperature Poult Sci 12 1662-
1666
Yahav S and I Plavnik 1999 Effect of early ndash age thermal
conditioning and food restriction on performance and thermo-
tolerance of male broiler chickens Br Poult Sci 40 120 ndash
126
Yakubu A J A Ayoade and Y M Dahiru 2010 Effects of
genotype and population density on growth performance
carcass characteristics and cost-benefits of broiler chickens in
north central Nigeria Trop Anim Health and Prod 42 719-
727
Yan F JH Kersey CA Fritts PW Waldroup H L Stilborn
RC Jr Crumm and DW Rice (DGKC) 1972 Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuumlr Klinische
Chemie Z Klin Chimerical und Klinical Biochemsirty
10182
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Young DS CL Pestaner and U Gilberman 1975 Effects of
drugs on clinical laboratory tests Clin Chem 21 3660
الملخص العربي
للتقسة الحرارة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد التعرض وم 12حتى عمر ونظام البروتن الغذائ
2ولد شعبان حبش ndash 1ريسام اجا - 2وسف عبد الوهاب عطة-2ولد الطحاوي
جامعة دمنهور ndashكلة الزراعة ndash قسم االنتاج الحوان والداجن 1 اثنا-جامعة جورجا ndashقسم علوم الدواجن 2
أجرت هذه التجربة بهدف دراسة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد
األقتصادة وهرمون البروتن الغذائ عل الصفاتالتعرض للتقسة الحرارة ونظام تم استخدام ومكونات الدم البوكماوة والهماتولوجة الثروكسن ف بالزما الدم
كتكوت من ساللة الهابرد و نفس العدد من ساللة االربوراكرز وتم توزعهم 256تقسة حرارة ) تعرض 2نظام بروتن غذائ 2معامالت ) 8عشوائا عل ساعة عند 24 لمدة 77م ورطوبة ordm 373لكتاكت لدرجة حرارة مجموعة من ا
م ورطوبة نسبة 33أام ثم العودة ال درجة الحرارة والرطوبة الطبعة ) 3عمر وكان نظام من كل ساللة ( 45م ورطوبة نسبة ordm 33( وأخري كنترول )45
( أو قاس 24عال )وم 21عمر البروتن المتبع ف عالئق البادئ حتى(22)
أام إل انخفاض معدل 3تعرض الكتاكت ال التقسة الحرارة عند عمر أدى وم من العمر( 4-3النمو وكذلك سوء الكفاءة الغذائة خالل فترة التقسة الحرارة )
وم كان هناك تشابه ف 21-1مقارنة بمجموعة الكنترول أما خالل الفترة من عمر كما أظهرت النتائج انخفاض مستوي هرمون الثروكسن لكفاءة الغذائةمعدل النمو وا
وم للمجامع المعرضه للتقسة الحرارة مقارنة 21ف بالزما الدم عند عمر بالكنترول
4-3أدى نظام البروتن الغذائ المرتفع ال زادة معدل النمو فقط خالل فترة من ة مستوي االلبومن والجلوكوز والمالونالدهد وم من العمروكذلك زاد 21-1اام و
والكرات الدم القاعدة والدلل المناع ف بالزما الدم ولكن انخفضت النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن ف بالزما الدم أما بالنسبة لتأثر التركب الوراث فكانت هناك
ة والفسولوجة حث تفوقت ساللة العدد من التأثرات الواضحة ف اإلستجابة اإلنتاجوم وعدد كرات الدم البضاء 21-1االربوركرز ف الصفات االنتاجة ف الفترة من
وكرات الدم الحامضة عن ساللة الهابرد الت كانت متفوقة ف النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن وكرات الدم القاعدة والخلطة
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
ن الساللة والتقسة الحرارة ونظام البروتن الغذائ وقد ظهر تداخل معنوي بوم من العمر وكذلك معدل 21-1اام والفترة من 4-3عل معدل النمو خالل الفترة وم من العمر وكذلك النشاط البلعم 21-1التحول الغذائ ف الفترة من
قاس عتبران أداة مما سبق تضح أن التقسة الحرارة و نظام البروتن الغذائ المناسبة لمعاملة دجاج اللحم ف المناطق المرتفعة ف درجات الحرارة والمماثلة لظروف
تلك المنطقة الت أجرت بها
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Musharaf NA and J D Latshaw 1999 Heat increment as
affected by protein and amino acid nutrition Worldrsquos PoultSci
J 55 233-239
National Research Council (NRC) 1994 Nutrient requirement of
poultry 9th
revised Edn National Academy Press Washington
DC USA
Praharaj N K S V Ramarao M R Reddy G Shyam-Sunder
and B L N Reddy 1998 Sire by protein interactions for
growth feed efficiency and immunoresponsiveness in coloured
broilers Indian J Anim Sci 681065-1067
Requena F V De Basilio Y Oliveros E Saume A Mendez D
Fung J Marquina and D Bastianelli 2010 Tuning
environmental parameters to maximize efficiency of early
thermal conditioning in broilers XIIIth European Poultry
Conference 2704-2708
Richard M J B Portal J Meo C Coudray A Hadjian and A
Favier 1992 Malondialdehyde kit evaluated for determining
plasma and lipoprotein fractions that react with thiobarbituric
acid Clin Chem 38 704-709
Rosa P S D E Faria Filho F Dahlke B S Vieira M Macari
and R L Fulan 2007 Effect of Energy Intake on performance
and carcass composition of broiler chickens from two different
genetic groups BrazJ PoultSci 9117-122
Saleh K Y A Attia and H Younis 1996 Effect of feed restriction
and breed on compensatory growth abdominal fat and some
production traits of broiler chicks Archiv Fuumlr Gefluumlgelkunde
60 (4)153-159
SAS Institute (1996) SASreg
Userrsquos Guide Statistics Version 6 Edn
SAS Institute Inc Cary NC USA
Swain B K and T S Johri 2000 Effect of supplemental
methionine choline and their combinations on the performance
and immune of broilers Br Poult Sci 4183-88
Teeter R G 1994Optimizing production of heat stressed broilers
Poult Dig 2610ndash24
Teeter RG MO Smith FN Owens and SC Arp 1985
Chronic Heat Stress and Respiratory Alkalosis Occurrence and
treatment in broiler chicks Poult Sci 64 1060-1064
8
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Temim S A M Chagneau S Guillaumein J Mitchel R
Peresson and S Tesseraud 2000 Does excess dietary Protein
improve growth performance and characteristics in heat exposed
chickens Poult Sci 79 312 ndash 317
Trinder P 1969 Determination of glucose in blood using glucose
oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor Annals of Clin
Biochem 6 24-26
US National Climatic Data Center 2008 Global warming frequently
asked questions 2008
httpwwwncdcnoaagovoaclimateglobalwarminghtml
Watson D 1960 A simple method for determination of serum
cholesterol Clin Chem Acta 5 637-643
Weichselbaum TE 1946 An accurate and rapid methode for
determination of proteins in small amount of blood serum and
plasma Am J Clin Pathol 16 40ndash48
Widyaratne G P and M D Drew 2011 Effects of protein level
and digestibility on the growth and carcass characteristics of
broiler chickens Poult Sci 90595-603
Yahav S 2000 Domestic fowl-Strategies to confront environmental
conditions Avian and Poult Biol Rev 1181-95
Yahav S and JP McMurtry 2001 Thermotolerance acquisition
in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life-the
effect of timing and ambient temperature Poult Sci 12 1662-
1666
Yahav S and I Plavnik 1999 Effect of early ndash age thermal
conditioning and food restriction on performance and thermo-
tolerance of male broiler chickens Br Poult Sci 40 120 ndash
126
Yakubu A J A Ayoade and Y M Dahiru 2010 Effects of
genotype and population density on growth performance
carcass characteristics and cost-benefits of broiler chickens in
north central Nigeria Trop Anim Health and Prod 42 719-
727
Yan F JH Kersey CA Fritts PW Waldroup H L Stilborn
RC Jr Crumm and DW Rice (DGKC) 1972 Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuumlr Klinische
Chemie Z Klin Chimerical und Klinical Biochemsirty
10182
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Young DS CL Pestaner and U Gilberman 1975 Effects of
drugs on clinical laboratory tests Clin Chem 21 3660
الملخص العربي
للتقسة الحرارة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد التعرض وم 12حتى عمر ونظام البروتن الغذائ
2ولد شعبان حبش ndash 1ريسام اجا - 2وسف عبد الوهاب عطة-2ولد الطحاوي
جامعة دمنهور ndashكلة الزراعة ndash قسم االنتاج الحوان والداجن 1 اثنا-جامعة جورجا ndashقسم علوم الدواجن 2
أجرت هذه التجربة بهدف دراسة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد
األقتصادة وهرمون البروتن الغذائ عل الصفاتالتعرض للتقسة الحرارة ونظام تم استخدام ومكونات الدم البوكماوة والهماتولوجة الثروكسن ف بالزما الدم
كتكوت من ساللة الهابرد و نفس العدد من ساللة االربوراكرز وتم توزعهم 256تقسة حرارة ) تعرض 2نظام بروتن غذائ 2معامالت ) 8عشوائا عل ساعة عند 24 لمدة 77م ورطوبة ordm 373لكتاكت لدرجة حرارة مجموعة من ا
م ورطوبة نسبة 33أام ثم العودة ال درجة الحرارة والرطوبة الطبعة ) 3عمر وكان نظام من كل ساللة ( 45م ورطوبة نسبة ordm 33( وأخري كنترول )45
( أو قاس 24عال )وم 21عمر البروتن المتبع ف عالئق البادئ حتى(22)
أام إل انخفاض معدل 3تعرض الكتاكت ال التقسة الحرارة عند عمر أدى وم من العمر( 4-3النمو وكذلك سوء الكفاءة الغذائة خالل فترة التقسة الحرارة )
وم كان هناك تشابه ف 21-1مقارنة بمجموعة الكنترول أما خالل الفترة من عمر كما أظهرت النتائج انخفاض مستوي هرمون الثروكسن لكفاءة الغذائةمعدل النمو وا
وم للمجامع المعرضه للتقسة الحرارة مقارنة 21ف بالزما الدم عند عمر بالكنترول
4-3أدى نظام البروتن الغذائ المرتفع ال زادة معدل النمو فقط خالل فترة من ة مستوي االلبومن والجلوكوز والمالونالدهد وم من العمروكذلك زاد 21-1اام و
والكرات الدم القاعدة والدلل المناع ف بالزما الدم ولكن انخفضت النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن ف بالزما الدم أما بالنسبة لتأثر التركب الوراث فكانت هناك
ة والفسولوجة حث تفوقت ساللة العدد من التأثرات الواضحة ف اإلستجابة اإلنتاجوم وعدد كرات الدم البضاء 21-1االربوركرز ف الصفات االنتاجة ف الفترة من
وكرات الدم الحامضة عن ساللة الهابرد الت كانت متفوقة ف النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن وكرات الدم القاعدة والخلطة
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
ن الساللة والتقسة الحرارة ونظام البروتن الغذائ وقد ظهر تداخل معنوي بوم من العمر وكذلك معدل 21-1اام والفترة من 4-3عل معدل النمو خالل الفترة وم من العمر وكذلك النشاط البلعم 21-1التحول الغذائ ف الفترة من
قاس عتبران أداة مما سبق تضح أن التقسة الحرارة و نظام البروتن الغذائ المناسبة لمعاملة دجاج اللحم ف المناطق المرتفعة ف درجات الحرارة والمماثلة لظروف
تلك المنطقة الت أجرت بها
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
8
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Temim S A M Chagneau S Guillaumein J Mitchel R
Peresson and S Tesseraud 2000 Does excess dietary Protein
improve growth performance and characteristics in heat exposed
chickens Poult Sci 79 312 ndash 317
Trinder P 1969 Determination of glucose in blood using glucose
oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor Annals of Clin
Biochem 6 24-26
US National Climatic Data Center 2008 Global warming frequently
asked questions 2008
httpwwwncdcnoaagovoaclimateglobalwarminghtml
Watson D 1960 A simple method for determination of serum
cholesterol Clin Chem Acta 5 637-643
Weichselbaum TE 1946 An accurate and rapid methode for
determination of proteins in small amount of blood serum and
plasma Am J Clin Pathol 16 40ndash48
Widyaratne G P and M D Drew 2011 Effects of protein level
and digestibility on the growth and carcass characteristics of
broiler chickens Poult Sci 90595-603
Yahav S 2000 Domestic fowl-Strategies to confront environmental
conditions Avian and Poult Biol Rev 1181-95
Yahav S and JP McMurtry 2001 Thermotolerance acquisition
in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life-the
effect of timing and ambient temperature Poult Sci 12 1662-
1666
Yahav S and I Plavnik 1999 Effect of early ndash age thermal
conditioning and food restriction on performance and thermo-
tolerance of male broiler chickens Br Poult Sci 40 120 ndash
126
Yakubu A J A Ayoade and Y M Dahiru 2010 Effects of
genotype and population density on growth performance
carcass characteristics and cost-benefits of broiler chickens in
north central Nigeria Trop Anim Health and Prod 42 719-
727
Yan F JH Kersey CA Fritts PW Waldroup H L Stilborn
RC Jr Crumm and DW Rice (DGKC) 1972 Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuumlr Klinische
Chemie Z Klin Chimerical und Klinical Biochemsirty
10182
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Young DS CL Pestaner and U Gilberman 1975 Effects of
drugs on clinical laboratory tests Clin Chem 21 3660
الملخص العربي
للتقسة الحرارة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد التعرض وم 12حتى عمر ونظام البروتن الغذائ
2ولد شعبان حبش ndash 1ريسام اجا - 2وسف عبد الوهاب عطة-2ولد الطحاوي
جامعة دمنهور ndashكلة الزراعة ndash قسم االنتاج الحوان والداجن 1 اثنا-جامعة جورجا ndashقسم علوم الدواجن 2
أجرت هذه التجربة بهدف دراسة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد
األقتصادة وهرمون البروتن الغذائ عل الصفاتالتعرض للتقسة الحرارة ونظام تم استخدام ومكونات الدم البوكماوة والهماتولوجة الثروكسن ف بالزما الدم
كتكوت من ساللة الهابرد و نفس العدد من ساللة االربوراكرز وتم توزعهم 256تقسة حرارة ) تعرض 2نظام بروتن غذائ 2معامالت ) 8عشوائا عل ساعة عند 24 لمدة 77م ورطوبة ordm 373لكتاكت لدرجة حرارة مجموعة من ا
م ورطوبة نسبة 33أام ثم العودة ال درجة الحرارة والرطوبة الطبعة ) 3عمر وكان نظام من كل ساللة ( 45م ورطوبة نسبة ordm 33( وأخري كنترول )45
( أو قاس 24عال )وم 21عمر البروتن المتبع ف عالئق البادئ حتى(22)
أام إل انخفاض معدل 3تعرض الكتاكت ال التقسة الحرارة عند عمر أدى وم من العمر( 4-3النمو وكذلك سوء الكفاءة الغذائة خالل فترة التقسة الحرارة )
وم كان هناك تشابه ف 21-1مقارنة بمجموعة الكنترول أما خالل الفترة من عمر كما أظهرت النتائج انخفاض مستوي هرمون الثروكسن لكفاءة الغذائةمعدل النمو وا
وم للمجامع المعرضه للتقسة الحرارة مقارنة 21ف بالزما الدم عند عمر بالكنترول
4-3أدى نظام البروتن الغذائ المرتفع ال زادة معدل النمو فقط خالل فترة من ة مستوي االلبومن والجلوكوز والمالونالدهد وم من العمروكذلك زاد 21-1اام و
والكرات الدم القاعدة والدلل المناع ف بالزما الدم ولكن انخفضت النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن ف بالزما الدم أما بالنسبة لتأثر التركب الوراث فكانت هناك
ة والفسولوجة حث تفوقت ساللة العدد من التأثرات الواضحة ف اإلستجابة اإلنتاجوم وعدد كرات الدم البضاء 21-1االربوركرز ف الصفات االنتاجة ف الفترة من
وكرات الدم الحامضة عن ساللة الهابرد الت كانت متفوقة ف النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن وكرات الدم القاعدة والخلطة
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
ن الساللة والتقسة الحرارة ونظام البروتن الغذائ وقد ظهر تداخل معنوي بوم من العمر وكذلك معدل 21-1اام والفترة من 4-3عل معدل النمو خالل الفترة وم من العمر وكذلك النشاط البلعم 21-1التحول الغذائ ف الفترة من
قاس عتبران أداة مما سبق تضح أن التقسة الحرارة و نظام البروتن الغذائ المناسبة لمعاملة دجاج اللحم ف المناطق المرتفعة ف درجات الحرارة والمماثلة لظروف
تلك المنطقة الت أجرت بها
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
9
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
Young DS CL Pestaner and U Gilberman 1975 Effects of
drugs on clinical laboratory tests Clin Chem 21 3660
الملخص العربي
للتقسة الحرارة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد التعرض وم 12حتى عمر ونظام البروتن الغذائ
2ولد شعبان حبش ndash 1ريسام اجا - 2وسف عبد الوهاب عطة-2ولد الطحاوي
جامعة دمنهور ndashكلة الزراعة ndash قسم االنتاج الحوان والداجن 1 اثنا-جامعة جورجا ndashقسم علوم الدواجن 2
أجرت هذه التجربة بهدف دراسة النمو التعوض لساللتن من دجاج اللحم بعد
األقتصادة وهرمون البروتن الغذائ عل الصفاتالتعرض للتقسة الحرارة ونظام تم استخدام ومكونات الدم البوكماوة والهماتولوجة الثروكسن ف بالزما الدم
كتكوت من ساللة الهابرد و نفس العدد من ساللة االربوراكرز وتم توزعهم 256تقسة حرارة ) تعرض 2نظام بروتن غذائ 2معامالت ) 8عشوائا عل ساعة عند 24 لمدة 77م ورطوبة ordm 373لكتاكت لدرجة حرارة مجموعة من ا
م ورطوبة نسبة 33أام ثم العودة ال درجة الحرارة والرطوبة الطبعة ) 3عمر وكان نظام من كل ساللة ( 45م ورطوبة نسبة ordm 33( وأخري كنترول )45
( أو قاس 24عال )وم 21عمر البروتن المتبع ف عالئق البادئ حتى(22)
أام إل انخفاض معدل 3تعرض الكتاكت ال التقسة الحرارة عند عمر أدى وم من العمر( 4-3النمو وكذلك سوء الكفاءة الغذائة خالل فترة التقسة الحرارة )
وم كان هناك تشابه ف 21-1مقارنة بمجموعة الكنترول أما خالل الفترة من عمر كما أظهرت النتائج انخفاض مستوي هرمون الثروكسن لكفاءة الغذائةمعدل النمو وا
وم للمجامع المعرضه للتقسة الحرارة مقارنة 21ف بالزما الدم عند عمر بالكنترول
4-3أدى نظام البروتن الغذائ المرتفع ال زادة معدل النمو فقط خالل فترة من ة مستوي االلبومن والجلوكوز والمالونالدهد وم من العمروكذلك زاد 21-1اام و
والكرات الدم القاعدة والدلل المناع ف بالزما الدم ولكن انخفضت النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن ف بالزما الدم أما بالنسبة لتأثر التركب الوراث فكانت هناك
ة والفسولوجة حث تفوقت ساللة العدد من التأثرات الواضحة ف اإلستجابة اإلنتاجوم وعدد كرات الدم البضاء 21-1االربوركرز ف الصفات االنتاجة ف الفترة من
وكرات الدم الحامضة عن ساللة الهابرد الت كانت متفوقة ف النسبة مابن الجلوبولن وااللبومن وكرات الدم القاعدة والخلطة
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
ن الساللة والتقسة الحرارة ونظام البروتن الغذائ وقد ظهر تداخل معنوي بوم من العمر وكذلك معدل 21-1اام والفترة من 4-3عل معدل النمو خالل الفترة وم من العمر وكذلك النشاط البلعم 21-1التحول الغذائ ف الفترة من
قاس عتبران أداة مما سبق تضح أن التقسة الحرارة و نظام البروتن الغذائ المناسبة لمعاملة دجاج اللحم ف المناطق المرتفعة ف درجات الحرارة والمماثلة لظروف
تلك المنطقة الت أجرت بها
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
ن الساللة والتقسة الحرارة ونظام البروتن الغذائ وقد ظهر تداخل معنوي بوم من العمر وكذلك معدل 21-1اام والفترة من 4-3عل معدل النمو خالل الفترة وم من العمر وكذلك النشاط البلعم 21-1التحول الغذائ ف الفترة من
قاس عتبران أداة مما سبق تضح أن التقسة الحرارة و نظام البروتن الغذائ المناسبة لمعاملة دجاج اللحم ف المناطق المرتفعة ف درجات الحرارة والمماثلة لظروف
تلك المنطقة الت أجرت بها
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 3 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on growth performance of broiler
chicks during days 1-21 of age
SEM P value AA Hub Period
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
Body weight gain1
0630 004 768d
517e
125ab
141a
835d
104c
118bc
142a
Days 3-4
200 00003 546b
519c
517c
568a
509cd
512cd
497d
511cd
Day 1-21
Feed intake (gbirdperiod) 2
109 NS 179 171 238 205 190 219 216 206 Days 3-4
126 NS 664 661 707 702 659 671 663 690 Day 1-21
Feed conversion ratio (feedgain) 2
0143 NS 218 251 184 125 230 242 195 132 Days 3-4
0025 003 125e
127de
137 a
125e
128dce
131bc
129 dc
133b
Day 1-21
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment 2 = Number of observations were 8 replicates per treatment
a b c d e Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S= Not significant C= Control TC= Thermal condition
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 4 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood biochemical of broiler chicks at 21d of age
Treatment TToottaall pprrootteeiinn
(gdl) AAllbbuummiinn
(gdl) GGlloobbuulliinn
(gdl)
Globulin
albumin
ratio
GGlluuccoossee
(microgdl)
AAllkkaalliinnee
PPhhoosspphhaattaassee
((IUL)
CChhoolleesstteerrooll (mgdl)
T3 (ngml)
TAC ) micromoll(
MDA( micromolL)
Thermal conditioning1
TC 482 279 203 0753b 760 121 191 245b 549 158a
C 489 277 212 0782 a 741 117 191 280a 524 131b
P value NS NS NS 0030 NS NS NS 00001 NS 00005
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Protein regimen1
High 488 288a 200b 0713b 771a 121 191 268 551 153a
Standard 483 268b 215a 0822a 730b 117 191 257 522 134b
P value NS 005 005 001 0001 NS NS NS NS 002
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0031 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
Strain1
HUB 483 269 214 0821a 757 123 191 261 524 144
AA 488 287 201 0714b 744 115 191 264 549 144
P value NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS NS NS NS
SEM 0076 0070 0055 0030 0850 0405 0955 0058 112 0052
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment
a b Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total
antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
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JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 5 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and dietary protein regimen on blood biochemical1 of broiler
chicks at day 99 of age
SEM P
value
AA Hub
Criteria TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0153 NS 479 493 492 489 455 501 506 469
TToottaall pprrootteeiinn ggddll 0140 NS 284 296 279 289 236 299 271 269
AAllbbuummiinn gdl 0109 NS 195 196 214 200 219 203 235 200 GGlloobbuulliinn gdl 0060 NS 0701 0681 0776 0712 0933 0697 0891 0764 Globulin-Albumin ratio 0811 NS 121 112 110 117 124 125 114 129 AAllkkaalliinnee PPhhoosspphhaattaassee Ul
191 NS 193 189 191 192 192 190 189 192 CChhoolleesstteerrooll mgdl 0116 NS 246 282 294 296 253 257 285 279 T3 ngml 224 NS 531 591 512 563 531 544 514 508 TAC micromoll
0105 NS 158 153 114 154 158 165 114 141 MDA micromoll 170 NS 729 779 711 756 748 785 731 764 GGlluuccoossee microgdl
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
N S not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= ControlT3=Triiodothyronine TAC= Total antioxidant capacity MAD=malonaldeyde
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 6 Main effect of thermal conditioning dietary protein regimen and strain of broilers on blood hematology of broiler chicks at d 21 of age
PPCCVV()
HHggbb ((gL) RRBBCC`ss x10
6m
m3
PPhhaaggooccyytteess
iinnddeexx (()) PPhhaaggooccyytteess
aaccttiivviittyy (()) HHeetteerroopphhiill
(()) EEssiinnoopphhiill (())
BBaassoopphhiill
(())
MMoonnoopphhiill(()) LLyymmpphhooccyyttee
(()) WWBBCC`ss
((110033mmmm33) Treatment
Thermal condition1
273 886 171 153 178 496 767b 425a 155 369b 210 TC
279 909 168 158 176 487 814a 352b 166 380a 207 C
NS NS NS NS NS NS 003 0006 NS 003 NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Protein regimen1
275 891 170 159a
179 487 775 423a
153 378 207 High
278 905 170 152b
175 496 806 353b
167 371 210 Standard
NS NS NS 004 NS NS NS 001 NS NS NS P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
Strain1
274 883 167 154 177 499a 764b 425a 158 383a 204b Hub
279 912 173 158 177 484b 817a 352b 163 367b 213a AA
NS NS 005 NS NS 003 002 0006 NS 0001 0002 P value
0202 0171 0023 0024 0226 0467 0153 0190 0090 0352 0223 SEM
1= Number of observations were 32 chicks per treatment ab Means within a column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 N S = not significant TC=Thermal conditioning C= Control WBC`S= white blood cell RBC`S=Red
blood cell PCV=Packed cell volume Hgb= Hemoglobin
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09
Table 7 Effect of the interaction between strain of broilers thermal conditioning and protein regimes on blood hematology phagocytes activity
and phagocytes index1 of broiler chicks at day 21 of age
SEM P
value
Arbor Acers Hubbard Criteria
TC C TC C
Standard High Standard High Standard High Standard High
0223 NS 217 218 211 208 203 204 211 197 WWBBCC`ss x103mm
3
0705 NS 364 377 395 396 366 371 361 369 LLyymmpphhooccyytteess
0180 NS 163 150 175 163 163 144 167 156 MMoonnophil
0380 NS 325 437 275 369 462 475 350 412 BBaassophil
0306 NS 787 812 881 787 756 712 800 787 EEssiinnoopphhiill
0934 NS 509 483 472 472 496 496 507 496 HHeetteerroopphhiill
0045 NS 178 171 168 174 167 168 166 166 RRBBCC`ss x106mm
3
0343 NS 900 881 950 919 867 894 900 869 HHggbb gdL
0900 NS 277
271
286
283
271
274
277
272
PPCCVV
0452 002 178abc
189a
173c
169c
173c
171c
174bc
187ab
PPhhaaggooccyytteess aaccttiivviittyy
(())
0049 NS 151 162 157 161 146 156 156 159 PPhhaaggooccyytteess iinnddeexx (())
1= Number of observations were 8 chicks per treatment
a b c Means within a row not sharing a common superscript are significantly different Pgt 005 NS = not significant C=Control TC= Thermal condition WBCs= White blood cells RBCs=
Red blood cells Hgb= Hemoglobin PCV= Packed Cell Volume
7
JAgricampEnvSciDamUnivEgypt Vol9 (3) 2010
09