AP Biology Summer Assignment

Students must complete this assignment by the first week of school in September 2011. Students will receive a grade for the assignment and they may be able to use this assignment on the first exam.

You must use the textbook to complete the assignment. Be sure to explain concepts in your own words and the assignment must be handwritten.

The assignment is on my website, which can be accessed using the NHS High School homepage

You are expected to read chapters 6, and 26-34 and complete the attached assignment. Completion of this summer assignment allows us to cover more of the material covered on the AP Biology exam. You are responsible for any information from the assigned reading, now or during the school year.

Complete the Self quiz at the end of each chapter. After completing the questions, check your answers from the key in Appendix 1.

The assignment covers the Topic of Cells & Classification of Organisms (Chapters 6 & Units 5 & 6)

I have read and understand the details of the AP Biology summer assignment for the summer of 2011. I understand that the work must be

completed individually. I understand that I can contact Ms. Procaccino via email during the summer if I have questions. I understand that I will be tested on the summer assignment material during the first week of the 2011-2012 school year.

Student Name:________________________________________________________________________Summer Email:_________________________________________________ Grade for the 2011-2012 school year (circle one): Sophmore Junior Senior

Signature of Student:________________________________________________________________________Date:_________________

Parent Signature: ________________________________________________________________________Date:_________________

Please look forward to a fun and challenging year in AP Biology!

Sincerely,

Christine Procaccino

AP Biology Teacher cprocaccino@nhsd.org

Cells (Unit 2~ Chapter 6) ~ Comparing Cell Parts in Eukaryotic Cells vs Eukaryotic cells

Complete the table below

Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic Cell

Genetic Material

Types of organelles

(provide examples)

Size

Examples

Cells (Unit 2~ Chapter 6) ~ Comparing Cell Parts in Eukaryotic Cells vs Eukaryotic cells

Complete the table below

Plant Cell Animal Cell

Presence of a cell wall

Types of organelles

(provide examples)

Shape

Cells (Unit 2~ Chapter 6) ~ Cell Parts in Eukaryotic Cells

Complete the table below

Organelle Function

Found in Animal Cells (A)/Plant Cells (P) or Both

(A& P)

Nucleoid

Chromatin

Nucleolus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Gologi Apparatus

Mitochondria

Peroxisomes

Cytoskeleton

Microtubules

Microfilaments

Lysosomes

Centrioles

Flagella

Cilia

Biodiversity (Unit 5)~ Classification/Taxonomy/Systematics

The 3 Domains : Describe the 3 domains of life

Chapters 26-34

Domain Characteristics Examples

(provide 3 examples of each )

Eukarya

Eubacteria

Archaebacteria

Kingdoms: Describe the 6 kingdoms of life

Chapters 26-34

Kingdom Mode of Nutrition Cell Wall~ if yes, describe the

composition

Reproduction Examples

Protist

(Chapter 28)

Fungi

(Chapter 31)

Plants

(Chapter 29-30)

Kingdom Mode of Nutrition Cell Wall~ if yes, describe the

composition

Reproduction Examples

Animal

(Chapter 32-34)

Archaebacteria

(Chapter 27)

Eubacteria

(Chapter 27)

Animal groups: Describe the following groups of animals

Chapters 32-34

Animal Group Symmetry

(none, radial, or

bilaterial )

Coelom

(yes/no)

Segmentation (yes/no)

Body (soft body,

endoskeleton, or

exoskeleton)

# Gut

openings

Examples

Porifera

Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes

Animal Group Symmetry

(none, radial, or

bilaterial )

Coelom

(yes/no)

Segmentation (yes/no)

Body (soft body,

endoskeleton, or

exoskeleton)

# Gut

openings

Examples

Nematoda

Molluska

Annelida

Animal Group Symmetry

(none, radial, or

bilaterial )

Coelom

(yes/no)

Segmentation (yes/no)

Body (soft body,

endoskeleton, or

exoskeleton)

# Gut

openings

Examples

Arthropoda

Echinodermata

Chordata

Vertebrates: Describe the groups of vertebrates

Chapter 34

Vertebrate

Groups

Describe Body

(ie. Scales,

skin)

Gas

exchange

(ie. Lungs,

gills)

# of Heart Chambers

Ectoderm/

Endoderm

Fertilization

(internal or

external)

Development

(internal or

external)

Eggs/placental

Other Examples

Fish

Amphibian

Reptiles

Vertebrate

Groups

Describe Body

(ie. Scales,

skin)

Gas

exchange

(ie. Lungs,

gills)

# of Heart Chambers

Ectoderm/E

ndoderm

Fertilization

(internal or

external)

Development

(internal or

external)

Eggs/placental

Other Examples

Birds

Mammals

Mammals~Chapter 34

Describe the 3 groups of mammals

Mammal Subgroup Characteristics Examples

Monotremes

Marsupials

Placentals

Plant Groups: Describe the groups of plants

Chapters 29-30, 35-39

Plant Group Vascular System Dominant Gametophyte

or Sporophte

Reproduction Examples

Bryophytes

Pteridophytes

Gymnosperms

Angiosperms

Cell Parts Questions

Word Bank~ each letter may be used more than once.

1. ______ Site of protein synthesis

2. ______Stores, packages and secretes proteins

3. ______ Carries hereditary information

4. ______ The control centre of the cell

5. ______ Jelly-like fluid in the cell

6. ______ Rigid outer layer of plant cells

7. ______ Storage for food and water

8. ______ Powerhouse of the cell

9. ______ Site of photosynthesis

10. ______ Filled with digestive enzymes

Write T in the blank below if the statement is true. Write F in the blank if the statement is false.

_____11. The cytoplasm is the site of RNA production.

_____12. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of cells.

_____13. The cell membrane allows certain materials to pass through it.

_____14. The nucleolus contains the chromatin.

_____15. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of fat production.

_____16. Ribosomes are found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

_____17. Vacuoles are usually very tiny in both plant and animal cells.

_____18. Only plant cells have a cell wall

_____20. Chlorophyll makes plant cells rigid.

A. Nucleus B. Chromatin C. Ribosomes D. Golgi Body E. Chloroplast F. Mitochondrion G. Nucleolis H. Lysosome I. Vaculole J. Vesicle K. Cell Wall L. Cytoplasm

Classification Questions

Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Kingdoms Classification

Word Bank~ each letter may be used more than once.

1. ______ Contains peptidoglycan in the cell walls.

2. ______Examples include Paramecium and Amoebas.

3. ______Examples include mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.

4. ______Multi cellular; heterotrophic organisms without a cell wall.

5. ______Includes sponges, worms, mollusks.

6. ______ & ______ Unicellular prokaryotes.

7. ______Examples include Paramecium and Amoebas.

8. ______Heterotrophic, cell walls of chitin.

9. ______Autotrophic or heterotrophic; some have cell walls.

10. ______ & ______ Uses binary fission as its mode of reproduction.

11. ______Examples include yeast , mold, and mushrooms.

12. ______Autotrophic; cell wall composed of cellulose.

13. ______Uses an alternation of generation as its sexual reproductive mode.

A. Archaebacteria B. Eubacteria C. Protists D. Fungi E. Plants F. Animals

Plant Kingdoms Classification~ Plant Groups

Word Bank~ each letter may be used more than once.

1. ______ & ______Reproduction use of spores.

2. ______Includes fruits.

3. ______Contains no vascular system.

4. ______Examples include pines, spruce, and fir trees.

5. ______Uses pollen in male cones.

6. ______Examples include mosses and liverworts.

7. ______ Dominant sporophyte generation; examples include ferns

8. ______Flowers are the main reproductive organs.

9. ______ Dominant gametophyte generation; dependent on sporophytes.

A. Angiosperms B. Bryophytes C. Gymnosperms D. Pterodophytes

Animal Kingdoms Classification~ Animal Groups

Word Bank~ each letter may be used more than once.

1. ______ Soft body; no specialized tissues; no gut openings.

2. ______Contains jointed appendages; and an exoskeleton of chitin.

3. ______Has the ability to regenerate body parts and has an

endoskeleton on Calcium.

4. ______Examples include earthworms and leeches.

5. ______Includes insects, crabs, and spiders.

6. ______Contains a backbone; a notochord; and 2 gut openings.

7. ______Radial symmetry, stinging cells.

8. ______Examples include star fish, sea urchins, and sand dollars.

9. ______Includes snails, oysters, and octopus.

10. ______Examples include jellyfish.

11. ______Examples include many parasites such as tapeworms and

flatworms.

12. ______2 gut openings; many live in soil; examples include

roundworms and hookworms.

13. ______Soft bodies; many have shells; terrestrial and marine

habitats; open circulatory systems.

14. ______ Examples include sponges

A. Porifera B. Cnidaria C. Platyhelminthes D. Nematode E. Mollusk

F. Annelida G. Arthropods H. Echinoderm I. Chordata

Animal Kingdoms Classification~ Vertebrates

Word Bank~ each letter may be used more than once.

1. ______Contains scales, gills, and a 2 chambered heart.

2. ______Fertilization occurs outside the organism and development occurs within an aquatic egg.

3. ______Moist skin; use of lungs and skin for gas exchange.

4. ______Ectoderm; first land animals; first tetrapods.

5. ______Includes frogs and salamanders.

6. ______Contains dry skin; use of lungs for gas exchange; and a 3 chambered heart.

7. ______Examples include turtles, lizards, and alligators

8. ______Contains hollow bones, feathers, and a 4 chambered heart.

9. ______Uses lungs and air sacs to exchange gases and includes eagles and parrots.

10. ______Has hair; a 4 chambered heart.

11. ______Gives birth to live young.

A. Fish B. Amphibian C. Reptile D. Birds (Aves) E. Mammals

Summer Assignment Review Questions

Cells (Chapter 6)

1. Describe 2 differences between plant cells and animal cells.

2. Describe 2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

3. Describe the endosymbiotic theory.

4. Name 3 membrane-bound organelles.

Classification (Chapters 26 & 32-34)

5. What is a cladogram? Describe the cladogram below.

6. What is a phylogenetic tree? Describe the phylogenetic tree below.

7. The organisms traditionally assigned to the kingdom monera are now divided into two kingdoms. What are these kingdoms and why is this important distinction? What does it imply about the evolutionary relatedness of the three domains?

8. What is cephalization?

9. There are three main types of body cavities found in animals. Describe each and provide an example of each below .

Acoelomate Psuedocoelomate Coelomate

10. What is a gastrula? Draw a gastrula and label the blastopore and tissue layers.

11. Define the terms diploblastic and triplobastic and describe the significance s for the level of complexity in an organism below.

Diploblastic Triploblastic

12. Contrast protostomes and deuterostomes. List examples of each below.

Protostomes Deuterostomes

Plants (Chapters 29& 30; 35-39)

13. Give an example of an adaptation bryophytes have evolved.

14. Give the 4 main groups of land plants and an example of each.

15. Difference between a sporophyte and a gametophyte.

Sporophyte Gametophyte

16. What are tracheophytes? Provide 3 plant group examples.

17. Explain the difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms. Which are most common?

Angiosperm Gymnosperm

18. Explain the difference between primary and secondary growth in a plant.

Primary Growth Secondary Growth

19. List 2 functions of stems.

20. Define the term meristem

21. Explain what is meant by turgor pressure and how it helps to support the plant.

22. Compare and contrast Monocot and Dicots below.

MONOCOTS EUDICOTS (DICOTS) Leaf veination

# of cotyledons

Type of root

Vascular Tissue arrangement

Flower Part Multiples

Examples

23. Provide advantages and disadvantages of plants evolving to live on land below.

Advantages Disadvantages

24. Explain what is meant by vascular tissue, xylem, and phloem below.

Xylem Phloem Functions

25. Explain the difference between annuals, biennials, and perennials below.

Annuals Biennials Perennials

26. Discuss the differences in structure and function between collenchyma, parenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells below.

Paranchymal Cells Sclerenchma Collenchyma

Cell walls

Characteristics

Functions

Examples

27. Explain the role of the following plant hormones.

Hormone Function

Auxin

Cytokinins

Gibberellins

Abscisic Acid (ABA)

Ethylene

Animals ~(Chapters 26-34)

28. List major differences between an animal and a plant below

Animals Plants

29. Define the types of symmetry and provide a picture of an animal with each type: Radial, Bilateral, None.

Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry No Symmetry

30. Explain why a paramecium is not considered to be an animal?

31. Describe two ways in which sponges are the simplest animals.

32. Explain the difference between open and closed circulatory systems. Provide examples of organisms with each.

Open Circulatory System Closed Circulatory System

33. Explain the difference between an endoderm and an ectoderm. Provide 2 examples of each.

Endoderm Ectoderm

34. Describe how a sponge feeds.

35. Why are sponges classified as animals?

36. Cnidarians have a unique adaptation for acquiring their prey. Describe this adaptation.

37. Describe the two body forms of cnidarians.

38. Compare earthworms to roundworms and flatworms below.

Earthworms Roundworms Flat Worms

39. How are annelids important to soil ecosystems?

40. Describe the circulatory system of annelids.

41. Describe how a leech feeds?

42. Describe the two organs that are unique to the mollusk group.

43. Describe what is meant by external digestion in echinoderms

44. Which invertebrate groups have gastrovascular cavities?