Complex Infrastructure Systems - SMART Infrastructure …web/@smart/... · New Jersey Institute of Technology Complex Infrastructure Systems Interdisciplinary Research and Education

New Jersey Institute of Technology

Complex Infrastructure Systems

Interdisciplinary Research and EducationUniversity of Wollongong

SMART Infrastructure Facility WorkshopSeptember 2009

Dr. Priscilla P. NelsonNew Jersey Institute of Technology

Newark, NJ [email protected]

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyPhysical Scales and Examples inPhysical Scales and Examples inCivil and Mechanical SystemsCivil and Mechanical Systems

Materials Components/Machines ConstructedFacilities

InfrastructureSystems

nano micro meso macro system mega-system

(10 -9) m (10 -6) m (10 -3) m (10 +0) m (10 +3) m (10 +6) m

Molecular Scale Microns Millimeters Meters Kilometers Regions

• nano-mechanics • micro-mechanics

• meso-mechanics

• beams • bridges, dams,buildings

• transportnetworks

• self-assembly • micro-structures

• interfacialstructures

• columns • mechanicalsystems

• urbaninfrastructure

• nanoscalematerials designand engineering

• MEMS• smart

materials

• composites • foundations• nonstructural

components• pipes

• pavement, tunnelsand pipelines

• site remediation

• lifeline systems• information

highways

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyTrends in Infrastructure Systems and ServiceTrends in Infrastructure Systems and Service» increased control sophistication» greater variety and expectations for reliability» interconnection of aging systems into larger networks» high efficiency operation -> reduced redundancy ->

reduced reliability» poorly understood interdependencies» equity issues and differentiation based on IT

deployment» deregulation, mergers, consolidation of resources,

downsizing, reduced reserves and capacity» too few trained professionals for future needs» decentralization and new concepts of design and

control require recalibration of management judgment

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyInterdependency of InfrastructureInterdependency of InfrastructureSystemsSystems

Key is trustworthiness - suspicion of emergent behavior not currently understood - these are CAS - complex adaptive systemsCan affect critical and noncritical operationsMay introduce robustness or increase vulnerability - current models do not help to recognize either outcomeNeed tools to– anticipate performance and impacts of new technologies

and methodologies– investigate interdependencies and complex system

response

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyInterdependency of Infrastructure SystemsInterdependency of Infrastructure Systems

AndThe spatial and temporal characteristics of the system model prepared for analysis of interdependency

=> reflect the objective function chosen for decisions, and => affect what direct, indirect and collateral impacts are

considered In analyzing infrastructure performance, what is the goal?

- optimization -management of criticality- protection from attack - long- or short-term costs- quality of service - equity of access and supply

Different models have different stakeholders for different goals.

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State-of-practice design and operation from the past has led to robust systems– Experience has led to simplifying assumptions that enabled operation with

minimal monitoring. – There were sufficient reserves for acceptable service under known stress.

However, our system complexity has increased and many of the simplifications are no longer acceptable. Reductions in excess capacity and new stresses (e.g., interdependencies, attack) have led to a loss in robustness. Just-in-time management requires ICT for real-time decisions, and pricing and economics lead to additional constraints, and the need for more complex trade-off analyses for decisions about operation and forward investments.

Cyber-Physical Infrastructure

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Big questions for cyberphysical systems and networks– Do we really understand how our infrastructure systems

work, and system interdependencies well enough to model, validate, and trust them into the future?

How vulnerable, reliable and resilient are our systems, and what metrics (e.g., system-wide, distributed and local) should be developed for evaluation?How should we incorporate, deploy, and train for new technologies without increasing complexity and vulnerability in our systems?

– This involves reliable knowledge discovery about the condition and service delivery of our infrastructure under dynamically changing environments.


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We need a consistent framework and set of terms for study of interdependencies – terms that are meaningful and accepted across sectors, countries and cultures Types of Interdependencies:

– Geographic/spatial (e.g., co-location)– Economic– Technological– Cyber: Data, Middleware, Hardware, Applications – Social/human, including notification,

communications, and response– Political/policy/legal– Organizational/business– Resources, supply chain– Security


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CIS Research NeedsCIS research requires involvement of all disciplines. We need:

Tools for system simulation and visualization of interdependencies of physical and information systems.Tools and metrics for vulnerability assessment, consequence modeling, risk management.Sensors and sensor systems to acquire and represent real-time information, and to define system dynamic diagnostics.Testbeds - curated data repositories, qualified data needed to develop and validate tools, algorithms, models and metricsMathematics and models for inverse methods to enable analysis of copious amounts of distributed and complex sensed information. Research and training on information assurance, security and protection of shared information.New paradigms for scalable, self-monitored and learning systems.Extended and new models of physical systems that include economic and business concerns, static and dynamic coalition formation, public policy, legal and regulatory concerns, public health and safety, technical and security issues, social and political concerns.A new breed of decision-makers and researchers who are cultivated in complexity, uncertainty and risk assessment.

New Jersey Institute of TechnologyCyber-Physical Infrastructure

Physical Infrastructure

Systems

Humans and Organizations

Notification, Networks

SCADA and Mobile

Sensing and Computing

Visualization

Physical “Test Bed” Models

Cyber Resources (middle and hardware)

Information Resources

Computational Models with

System Context

Computational Models of Physical Systems

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologySCADA and Mobile Sensing and Computing What do we need to know?

– Need to know scale/boundaries of crisis impact, real-time monitoring– Need system measurements anywhere and anytime, integrated information from

many platforms and multimedia allowing redundancy and viewing a situation from different directions or perspectives – common awareness.

– Need self-repairing and self-directing, cost-effective SCADA sensors with new sensitivities and selectivities, providing redundancy of information.

– Need technologies and methodologies for damage assessment and scalable management for response and recovery.

– Need to fuse physical sensor data with other information to devise more effective control strategies following large disturbances.

– Need to develop anticipatory strategies to investigate events and threats. What should we be doing?

– Develop smart and mobile sensor and networks, cross-platform spatio-temporal sensing syntheses, adaptive and scalable architectures.

– Develop prototype deployments and synthesis efforts on real systems.– Improve sensor performance with power budgeting and increased survivability.– Develop algorithms for sensor placement, data fault diagnosis, and load

balancing for the sensor information network.– Develop pervasive computing and autonomous, dynamic, adaptive components,

self-organizing and compatible for information exchange.

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyComputational Models of Physical Systems What do we need to know?

– Need to know what models are best for what type of systems and events -depends on scale, severity, uncertainty, nonlinearity, tipping characteristics.

– Need to be able to migrate from one model to another as character of physical system response changes.

– Need to be able to model physical system deterioration, state changes, evaluate precursors.

– Need to validate simulations and performance predictions.– Need models that incorporate human and organizational effects.– Need to understand emergent behaviors; vulnerability/resiliency assessment in

real time before, during and after an event.– Need to identify measures of performance and at what scale to capture sector

and cross-sector system complexity and interdependency.What should we be doing?

– Establish multi-system physical test beds that can be stressed to extreme conditions for validation.

– Be prepared to deploy and study real systems that come under stress.– Develop computational control and feedback systems that can orchestrate

analysis/ synthesis among models.– Develop information resources rules to support agent-based modeling and

stochastic representation of infrastructure dependencies and failures.

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyPhysical Test Bed Models What do we need to know?– Need to develop cross-sector performance indicators that include interconnections

and interdependencies between systems.– Need to incorporate realistic uncertainties and complexities.– Need to know how to account for scale and boundary effects; need to understand

onset of tipping or nonlinear changes in state of a system.– Need to know how to introduce new effective sensing networks that are able to

detect changes in state or performance.– Need to learn how different kinds of interdependencies develop in space and time.– Need to understand multi-sector impacts from common cause and cascading.

What should we be doing?– Develop coupled (?tripled?) and holistic test beds to support study of connected

and interdependent systems.– Conduct experiments between real systems, computational and physical models.– Use models to better understand the resiliency in systems, and interdependencies

between systems that reduce or increase resiliency.– Commit to using real events as test beds for validation.– Validate protection, response, and recovery schema.

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyComputational Models with System ContextWhat do we need to know?– Need models that incorporate human and organizational effects.– Need models for new system concepts that involve macro and micro

distributed and local services, including scale and interface effects.– Need models to support crisis management planning including both speed of

impact/failure and time for recovery.– Need reliable and flexible decision models for virtual and real scenarios

extended into value and supply chains and service delivery.– Need to understand how JIT and economics drive new decisions, generating

different system responses.What should we be doing?– Extend models into recovery period with time and method to repair and costs,

incorporating risk-based approaches.– Link physical performance models with economic models and information

processes to support response, recovery, and business continuity.

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyVisualizationWhat do we need to know?– Need sophisticated visualization capability to enable rapid and meaningful

comprehension of complex and rapidly changing information as crises evolve.– Need flexibility to provide applications and service for rapidly assembled

conglomerates of portable and hand-held end user devices. – Need data integration tools and context-aware applications.– Need RFID, smart objects and animated space technology to bridge the gap

between physical and digital world in which real-world objects use mobile communication.

What should we be doing?– Support development of the science of visual informatics and analytics (NVAC,

2005, IEEE, http://nvac.pnl.gov/). – Develop enhanced visualization tools to present and understand real time data

flows under dynamic system changes.– Develop user-friendly tools that can scale and enable trust and comprehension.– Develop capability to sense the user's context to provide communication and

information in a useful way to a stressed user.– Develop applications that support rapid analysis of complex interactions.

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyInformation ResourcesWhat do we need to know?– Need to reliably and securely access distributed information resources as

needed from different sources and platforms.– Need to protect confidentiality and data integrity and security.– Need to search, register, and co-locate information across systems and modes.– Need to handle information faster for real time flows and dynamic systems. – Need to assess accuracy, timeliness, and reliability of information.– Need on-line information processing for JIT capacity and QoS.

What should we be doing?– Develop approaches to data extraction for validation of models and predictions. – Develop new concepts for dynamic and integrated information networks and

architecture and interoperable standards for multiple data types and formats.– Develop registered and relatable databases that include connectivity,

interdependences and support models for cross-sector impacts and failure propagation.

– Develop approaches to handle uncertainty, and incomplete and misleading information.

– Develop representations for data quality and reliability that are valid in sector and cross-sector.

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyCyber ResourcesWhat do we need to know?– Need reliable routing protocols for heterogeneous ad hoc mobile networks to

support information dissemination and discovery and operations. – Need to reliably connect local and remote command centers. – Need to provide morphable services – continuous self-modification and

adaptation to meet dynamically changing needs. – Need flexible and hardened software for reliable operations.

What should we be doing?– Develop technologies to reduce dependence of ICT on wired and cellular

wireless infrastructure – extending usability into less developed regions and increasing resilience.

– Improve software reliability and resilience – harden.– Design new architectures and flexible protocols to minimize coordination needed

among software modules.– Grid resources for reliable access and alternative options.

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNotification, NetworksWhat do we need to know?– Need to develop better strategies and architectures to use different ICT

components in a complementary and reinforcing way to reduce false alarms and improve interpretation of precursor events.

– Need smart notification system that can query ICT components to verify event or condition noted by another ICT element.

– Need redundant technologies including GPS, microwave networks, Internet, satellites.

– Need improved understanding of risk perception, communication and awareness that extends beyond the developed world and that includes consideration of cultural difference.

– Need protection against malicious notification of attacks. What should we be doing?– Leverage the field of artificial intelligence for notification systems that use

"intelligent agent" concepts.– Develop mobile computing and wired and wireless networks that are context

aware, interoperable. – Conduct studies of cultural influences on risk perception and communicability of

risks.

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyHumans and OrganizationsWhat do we need to know?

– Need tools to manage information, decisions and risks that can self-modify for any context with users and surrogate operators under stress.

– Need training in establishing trust for collaboration with people and organizations.– Need to anticipate and accommodate effects of absenteeism and volunteerism.– Need collaborative software infrastructure providing a virtual coordination capability.– Need to understand dynamic evolution of social networks, and how information

management needs to respond to changes in the social networks.– Need to understand how JIT drives new decisions, generating different system responses.– Need dynamic control protocols to model the influence of user decisions on system

performance.What should we be doing?

– Develop contextual or situation sensing and human-computer interfaces.– Develop interfaces that can dynamically adjust to users, location, environment and task.– Develop decision capability with multiple lines of deduction – to improve trust and provide

expert support to lead humans/organizations into real-time – Commit to rapid deployment for reconnaissance following emergencies.– Develop metrics for evolution of common situational awareness and ability to collaborate.– Develop resources and protocols that provide dynamic control for organizational needs for

control/security.

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyLikely Starter Foci for Likely Starter Foci for Critical Infrastructure ResearchCritical Infrastructure Research

economics/supply chainsrisk management and decision science, new situations and new feedback loops, uncertaintyextreme natural events/disaster responseenvironmental/sustainability applicationsmedical information systems/diagnosticsintelligent transport systemsinfluence of standardization on acceleration or retardation of rates of change, evolution of complexity, robustness vs. vulnerabilityhuman/information communication, cognition and interpretation, information architecture and access design - how to model information networks and flows through different organizational levels.

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyBarriers to Progress in Barriers to Progress in Complex SystemsComplex Systems

• University culture and curricula favor focused, reductionist, disciplinary research and education

• Too little intellectual diversity (students and teachers)• Differences in culture, modeling approaches for simulation and

prediction - static and dynamic; equilibrium and nonlinear; deterministic and stochastic - different cultures, state-of-art in different disciplines

• Lack of fundamental interdisciplinary theoretical knowledge about complex systems and extreme events

• Lack of complex databases needed for formulation and verification of models

• Lack of sustained research opportunity at sufficient funding levels

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Metric of Infrastructure Performance, Risk or Uncertainty

TimeExtreme Event

Area under curve – a measure of ??

• cost • resiliency depends on the metric

Time is of the essenceTime is of the essence

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyThe Concept of ResilienceA significant concept to many fields including psychology, materials science, economics, environmental, ecological, engineering or even governance systems. Characteristics of resilience according to the Resilience Alliance http://www.resalliance.org/576.php: “Ecosystem resilience is the capacity of an ecosystem to tolerate disturbance without collapsing into a qualitatively different state that is controlled by a different set of processes. A resilient ecosystem can withstand shocks and rebuild itself when necessary. Resilience in social systems has the added capacity of humans to anticipate and plan for the future. Humans are part of the natural world.”"Resilience" as applied to ecosystems, or to integrated systems of people and the natural environment, has three defining characteristics:– The amount of change the system can undergo and still retain the same controls

on function and structure – The degree to which the system is capable of self-organization – The ability to build and increase the capacity for learning and adaptation

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyMeasure of seismic resilience—conceptual definition – from MCEER

From: Bruneau et al., 2003, “A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance the Seismic Resiliency of Communities,” Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp 733-352.

Community earthquake loss of resilience, R, with respect to that specific earthquake can be measured by the size of expected degradation in quality (probability of failure), over time (that is, time to recovery). [Mathematically, it is defined by the indicated area.]

Obviously, community seismic resilience must be measured in light of the full set of earthquakes that threaten a community, and therefore must include probabilities of the occurrences of various earthquakes. Furthermore, return to 100% pre-event levels may not be sufficient in many instances, particularly in communities where the existing seismic resiliency is low, and post-event recovery to more than 100% pre-earthquake levels are often desirable. Yet, even in its simplest form, applying this general concept to the various specific physical and organizational systems that can be impacted by earthquakes presents significant conceptual and measurement challenges.

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From presentation by Adam Rose, Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events, University of Southern California at the Resilience Workshop in Boulder, CO, July 14, 2009 http://www.resilientus.org/publications/resilience_researchworkshop.html

Terrorism and Diffusion of Fear Resilience

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From presentation by Adam Rose, Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events, University of Southern California at the Resilience Workshop in Boulder, CO, July 14, 2009 http://www.resilientus.org/publications/resilience_researchworkshop.html

Static and Dynamic Economic Resilience

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In health care –resilience has been defined as“a process linking a set of adaptive capacities to a positive trajectory of functioning and adaptation after a disturbance.”

“Mental Health and Resilience,” Presentation by Fran H. Norris, Dartmouth Medical School and National Center for Disaster Mental Health Research, at the Resilience Workshop in Boulder, CO, July 14, 2009 http://www.resilientus.org/publications/resilience_researchworkshop.html

Mental Health and Resilience

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyEffects of decision-making on resilience

From McDaniels, Chang et al, forthcoming in Global Environmental Change

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyInfrastructure SystemsInterdependencies

Richard G. Little, National Research Council, USA, InternationalRichard G. Little, National Research Council, USA, International Workshop on Integrated LifeWorkshop on Integrated Life--Cycle Cycle Management of Infrastructures, December 9Management of Infrastructures, December 9--11, 2004 The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology11, 2004 The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyChallenges from the Hazards Community

The assessment of resilience is not widely recognized nor utilized by practitioners. And there is a major institutional gap between what scholars think is important and that valued by practitioners.Resilience is often framed as the length of time it takes to “recover”from a shock to the structure (i.e. hazard/disaster). Over emphasis on the speed of recovery versus the quality of recovery (Haas, Kates and Bowden 1977 / Olshansky 2008).Poor linkage between defined outcomes/metrics to accreditation standards or policy incentives.Planners and land use are noticeably absent from hazards management planning activities and the scholarly discussions of integrating dimensions of resilience Often disaster assistance policy creates dependence and remains largely top down following disasters –does not foster resilience and / or sustainable development.

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyEngineering Research Center Proposal from

The New Jersey Institute of TechnologyCarnegie Mellon University

Morgan State University University of Delaware

University of Wollongong

to establish the

Center for Complex Critical Infrastructure Systems under Stress (C2IS2)

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyC2IS2 VisionThe vision for the center is – to establish a new paradigm to make comprehensive,

efficient, socially conscious and effective decisions – that result in reliable service provision and

reinvestment in the nation’s complex interdependent infrastructure and lifeline networks of networks, and

– that provides the connectivity with the social and economic fabric of the Nation that influences those decisions.

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Cyber System Testbeds

Stress Simulation Testbeds

System Performance & Validation

Knowledge Discovery

Feedback‐ Needs & Requirements

What W

e Don

’t Kno

w Or Have

What We Discover or Develop, for Evaluation and Implementation

RequirementsValidated, Unified Performance Response Framework, Knowledge, Tools, Models

What We Know, Have, Or Can Get

System of Systems Integration

Industry Collaboration Technology Transfer, Students

Lack of Unifying Frameworks

Weak Cross‐sector Organization

Lack of Trust

Inadequate Funding, Too Much Politics

Integrated Performance Response

Whole Collaboratory Testbeds

Cross‐sector Stakeholder Fora

Decision Models

Cross‐sector Perf. Response Testbeds

Risk/Communication Testbeds

Routine System Operation Testbeds

Information Security

Few Validated Models

Low Bids Compromise Sustainable Design

Different Languages ‐Risk Communication

Information Architecture, Repository Construction

Cross‐sector Performance MetricsDevelop Performance

Response Functions

Collaboratory Development, User

RequirementsIntegrated Impact Assessment, Risk, Decision Models

Data Not Registered For Space and Time

Gaps In Model Capabilities

Lack Of Cross‐Sector Metrics

Little Knowledge on how Coupled Systems Fail

ERC STAKEHOLDERSIssues and Requirements for

Real‐world Problems

ERC STAKEHOLDERSProducts and Knowledge for Real‐world Solutions

ERC Stakeholder Resource Input: Data and Models

Input From Other Researchers

And Organizations

ERC Stakeholder Participation

in Research Projects

Collaboratory User Requirements





System Performance & ValidationSystem Performance & Validation

Knowledge DiscoveryKnowledge Discovery

Feedback‐ Needs & RequirementsFeedback‐ Needs & Requirements

What W

e Don

’t Kno

w Or Have

What W

e Don

’t Kno

w Or Have



RequirementsRequirementsValidated, Unified Performance Response Framework, Knowledge, Tools, Models

Validated, Unified Performance Response Framework, Knowledge, Tools, Models

What We Know, Have, Or Can GetWhat We Know, Have, Or Can Get

System of Systems IntegrationSystem of Systems Integration

Industry Collaboration Technology Transfer, Students

Lack of Unifying Frameworks

Weak Cross‐sector Organization

Lack of Trust

Inadequate Funding, Too Much Politics

Integrated Performance Response

Whole Collaboratory Testbeds

Cross‐sector Stakeholder Fora

Decision Models







Information Security

Few Validated Models

Low Bids Compromise Sustainable Design

Different Languages ‐Risk Communication

Information Architecture, Repository Construction

Cross‐sector Performance MetricsDevelop Performance

Response Functions

Collaboratory Development, User

RequirementsIntegrated Impact Assessment, Risk, Decision Models

Data Not Registered For Space and Time

Gaps In Model Capabilities

Lack Of Cross‐Sector Metrics

Little Knowledge on how Coupled Systems Fail










And Organizations


And Organizations







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Community/RegionInfrastructureFunctionalCapacity

Response Recovery

Cost Impact for a Less -Resilient

Community/Region

Economic Benefit-BasedPerformance

Metric

Time

Event

Capacity Increase During Recovery if the Community/Region has planned and is prepared to implement

Resilience Cost

Avoidance

Cost Impact for a M ore Resilient

Community/Region

Capacity Increase During Recovery if the Community/Region has Planned and is prepared to Implement)

Figure 1 PRA Function Schematic for Scenario Involving a Community/Region [after presentation materials by P. Nelson (1999), M. Hynes (2001) and CARRI (2008)]

Performance Response Metrics and Functions

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyC2IS2 ERC GoalsBuild a cybersystem of resources, including an integrated information repository and tools needed for analysis of the behavior of complex and interdependent infrastructure systems, and including a user-oriented collaboratory that provides a working environment for the broad critical infrastructure community.Develop the computational models and leverage existing models needed to investigate the behavior of complex adaptive and coupled infrastructure systems under conditions of routine operation, emergent behavior derived from complex system response, and under nonroutine internal or external stresses. Develop a science of performance response metrics and functions that can be effectively applied across sectors and systems. Enable holistic advances in decision science and engineering for design and management of our infrastructure, including development and assessment of new technologies, and of the limits and possibilities presented by economic, social and political factors.

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyC2IS2 will be transformative by:Focusing on an important region – the northeast corridor of the US.Involving the wide variety of regionally based infrastructure sectors and stakeholders to develop trust and a sustained and committed sense of engagement, community and ownership.Gaining insights by learning across sectors, breaking through stovepipes, and knitting together fragmented information resources.Developing effective and holistic outreach programs into communities - so that the interest and effort involved match the impact and scale.Assembling a unique information resource to serve as a foundation for describing the character and operation of complex and interdependent infrastructure systems of systems.Engaging the disciplinary and cross-disciplinary expertise that does not reside at one institution and developing a new science of complex system performance response analysis with a fundamental understanding of how spatial, temporal and intensity effects vary as a function of scale, and perhaps with its own algebra of combining performance response representations.Leading in the development of educational programs that will serve next generation of stewards of our critical infrastructure.

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyKey Characteristics of C2IS2 StudentsThe C2IS2 center produce students who:

Hold a systems view that engages complexity within and across sectors Approach issues from an interdisciplinary, integrative and holistic mindset Maintain a broad perspective, valuing the importance of diversity and multicultural perspectives, embracing diversity inall of its forms. Demonstrate effective leadership by seeking to address relevant and hard questions of importance to society.Value life-long learning where education is a vital matter of continuous career development Exhibit entrepreneurial behavior, able to act on innovation.Communicate effectively across a wide spectrum of venues and audiences.

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNew NJIT Degree Programs

MS and Certificate Programs in Emergency ManagementCore CoursesSpecialty Electives

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyMS in Critical Infrastructure SystemsMain Concentration Areas

emergency information systems, management, public health preparedness.integrated risk management models.enabling and protective technologies with applications to homeland security and critical infrastructure, population protection and operational response management.

Critical Infrastructure Security and Emergency Management

sector-based and cross-sector life-cycle asset management.maintainability and safety engineering, rehabilitation planning models.hazard/crisis impact analysis and mitigation, vulnerability analysis.infrastructure inter-dependencies, problem detection and process propagation, and program management.

Critical Infrastructure Life-cycle Management

New Jersey Institute of TechnologyInfrastructure Asset Management Educational Programs

Infrastructure Management

Business Track

Infrastructure Management Engineering

Track

Infrastructure Management

IT Track

Business/Public Mgt Major

Engineering Major

IT/MIS Major

IM Graduate Program Tracks and Career Approach

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNew NJIT Degree ProgramsCore courses – delivered by faculty from across campus, including Management, Chemistry and Environmental Science, Information Systems, and Civil Engineering– Risk Analysis– Training Methods and Technologies– Emergency Management Planning– Command and Control Systems– Design of Emergency Management Information

Systems– Improvisation in Emergency Management– Geographic Information Systems

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New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNew NJIT Degree Programs

Specialty Electives– Mitigation and Assessment of Damage to

Physical Infrastructure – Information Assurance– Hazardous Materials– Emergency Management Information

Systems– Public Administration, Law Enforcement,

and Public Health– Management– Satellites, Sensors, and Robotics– Bio Medical Technology and Systems

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On Complexity and ExplorationOn Complexity and Exploration

“The capacity to tolerate complexity and welcome contradiction, not the need for simplicity and certainty, is the attribute of an explorer.”

Heinz R. Pagels, Perfect Symmetry

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Complex Infrastructure Systems - SMART Infrastructure …web/@smart/... · New Jersey Institute of Technology Complex Infrastructure Systems Interdisciplinary Research and Education