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Complex Systems Engineering Strategies. Bob Marcus [email protected]. Complex Systems Properties. Emergent- Macroscopic dynamics and variables occur in the system, which is not easily predictable from local dynamics - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Complex Systems Properties
• Emergent - Macroscopic dynamics and variables occur in the system, which is not easily predictable from local dynamics
• Multiscale Interactive - The macroscopic and component-level behavior interact in a measurable way
• Non-equilibrium – Large changes in the behavior of the system are possible under small perturbations
• Metastable - Long-lived non-equilibrium states can arise and be maintained in interaction with the environment
• Evolutionary Adaption- The system exhibits altered behavior in response to environmental changes
• Self Organizing - Coordinated behavior can take place among components without centralized guidance
Behavior Structures in Complex Systems
• Component = Basic element of functionality in the system. Intrinsic behavior under environment influences.
• Collaboration = Interactions without macroscopic coordinators. Behavior influenced by peer-to-peer interactions.
• Coordination = Interaction possibly managed by coordinators to support group goals. Behavior influenced by group dynamics.
• Control = Interactions directed hierarchically to foster global goals. Behavior constrained by controller.
•
• All of these structures can be present in a system of systems and can be mixed and combined recursively
Aspects and Examples of Behavior
Components Collaboration Coordination Control
No coupling Loose coupling Cooperative processes
Tight Coupling
Have dynamics and/or goals
Individual dynamics and goals (Nash)
Shared dynamics and goals (Pareto)
Global dynamics and goals (Managed)
Adapt to environment
Individuals adapt to each other
Individuals and coordinators adapt
Controllers adapt
Nodes in network Random Networks Social Networks Regular Networks (e.g. lattice)
Molecules in Chemistry
Gas Liquid Solid
Computers in Network
Peer-to-peer and Internet
Extranet Intranet
Components
Behavior Structures are Recursive
Controller
Components
Collaboration
Components
Coordination
Coordinators Controllers
Coordinators Controllers
ControllersCoordinators
Complex Systems Engineering Strategies
• Top down - Traditional systems engineering, Pre-defined coordination and interactions
• Bottom up – Self-organizing, Emergent collaboration and coordination from interactions.
• Matchmaking – Coordination is based on matching and combining existing components to meet requirements
• Middle Out – Coordination combines existing components and collaborations but also drives new requirements, collaborations and components
Note: Alternate strategies can be used in different stages of engineering
Top Down Design (Control-based)
Existing, Enhanced, Composite and possible new services and/or systems
USERS
Capability specifications (with priorities)
Capability description
Set of Services Needed
Set of Requirements
Requirements Analysis
User Requirements and Derived Requirements
Bottom Up Design (Collaboration-based)
Existing, Enhanced, Composite and possible new services and/or systems
USERS
Capability specifications and possible new capabilities
Capability description (with cost of implementation) and possible new capabilities
Capabilities available
Set of Services Available
Advertising
User Interfaces
Matchmaking ( SOA Orchestration)
Existing, Enhanced, Composite and possible new services and/or systems
USERS
Capability specifications (with priorities)
Capability description (with cost of implementation)
Set of Services
Set of Requirements
Matchmaking
User Requirements and Derived Requirements
Middle Out Design (Coordination-based)
Existing, Enhanced, Composite and possible new services and/or systems
USERS
Capability specifications (with priorities) and possible new capabilities
Capability description (with cost of implementation) and possible new capabilities
New capabilities available
New capabilities needed
Set of Services
Set of Requirements
Mediating
User Requirements and Derived Requirements
Trial Run
JPMO
FDCE Vendors
Open SourceLibraries
StandardsBodies
Contractors
Consumers Producers
MikeHebert(JPMO) Bob
Marcus(NCOIC)
Needs
Offerings
(1) (2)
(3)
(4)
NECC ST&TMarketplace
(5)(6)
(7)
(8)
(3)
(7)
(9)
JMPO, FDCE groups solicited for ST&T needs
Needs consolidated, prioritized and binned
Needs sent to Bob Marcus
Clarify need
Matchneeds with offerings
Gain producers
interest
Develop list of offerings – use Industry Days as delivery mechanism
Scrub list of offerings and do final offering selections,
finalize schedules for Industry Day(s)
Ensure Industry Day(s) meet needs and
ensure participation
