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PONENCIA - INPROSUD
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“COMPONENTES DE VARIANZA Y DETERMINACIÓN DE LA MEJOR ZONA DE
MUESTREO EN VELLONES DE CAMELIDOS SUDAMERIDANOS”.
Edgar Quispe
Presentación y lanzamiento del INPROSUDConferencias magistrales sobre avanzas en la producción de camélidos sudamericanos
ASPECTOS A TRATAR
•Introducción•Características físicas y tecnológicas de vellones•Componentes de varianza de vellones•Mejor zona de muestreo•Materiales y Métodos•Resultados•Discusión
INTRODUCCION
Chincha, 02/Mayo/2011
Puno, Cusco, Arequipa, Ayacuchoand Huancavelica
Depending 2.9 millions of people (11% nacional popul.) 100,000 productores
• World: 7 800.000 SAC• Perú = 4 300.000 (First
world producer)
INTRODUCTION
SAC POPULATION IN SOUTH AMERICAN
Camélido Perú Bolivia Argentina Chile
Alpaca 3.041.598 269.285 pocos 28.551
Llama 1.462.730 2.237.170 161.402 50.132Vicuña 147.000 12.047 131.220 27.921Guanaco pocos pocos 636.477 27.150
CENAGRO, 2021, Quispe et al., 2009
3.685.500
746.269
LOCATED
Voluntary intake: 39.9 a 63.1 g/kg0.75 DM
36.5 a 57.1 g/kg0.75 OM
1. Footpad2. Tooth impeller
NATURAL PASTURE:Thermal variation
Intense solar radiationLow rainfall
1. Involves many people2. Main means of combating
poverty
IMPORTANCE OF THE ALPACA
CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA FIBRAREFERENCIAS:
EN ALPACAS:• LUPTON, - EEUU• WULIJI – NUEVA ZELANDA• MCGREGOR Y XUNGAI – AUSTRALIALLAMAS:• FRANK – ARGENTINA• RODRIGUEZ Y MARTINEZ – BOLIVIA• WURZINGER – AUSTRIAVICUÑAS:• BONACIC – CHILE• RIGALT, MUELLER Y SACHERO – ARGENTINA
CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA FIBRA
CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA FIBRA
Trait n Average SEFW 45 1713.74 265.59MFD 55 24.25 0.59CVMFD 55 22.48 0.54SL 55 11.74 0.46CF 55 84.64 2.27FC 55 32.59 1.88SF 55 23.98 0.64
ALPACA
LLAMA VICUÑA
VARIACION DE LAS CARACTERISTICAS DENTRO DE
LOS VELLONES
REGIONES DE VELLON DE CAMÉLIDOS
McGregor and Quispe et al., 2015
EN ALPACAS
Factor NAFC CVAFD SL CF FC SF
Average SD Average SD Average SD Average SD Average SD Average SDSIDE N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S.
Rigth 314 24.36a 3.82 22.52a 2.94 11.81a 2.83 84.04a 15.75 32.57a 8.64 24.11a 4.20
Left 310 24.14a 3.27 22.43a 2.82 11,65a 2.52 85.23a 12.94 32.61a 8.25 23.86a 3.55
Zone *** *** *** *** *** ***
BA 89 25.94a 4.03 23.41a 2.97 12.79a 2.84 77.59d 18.56 29.39c 8.63 25.88a 4.41CU 90 24.66b 4.10 23.00a 2.89 12.06b 3.33 83.9bc 15.34 32.96ab 6.98 24.51b 4.55MA 88 24.34bc 3.19 22.94ab 3.02 11.9bc 2.50 83.82bc 12.83 32.21b 8.57 24.17b 3.43MP 88 24.97b 3.70 22.02c 3.24 11.67bcd 2.76 82.5c 17.09 32.30b 9.18 24.62b 4.05VA 89 23.01d 2.75 22.34bc 2.58 11.37cd 2.16 88.84a 9.53 33.96a 8.12 22.72c 2.95VC 90 23.14d 3.04 21.84c 2.43 11.12d 2.20 88.49a 11.14 34.17a 8.73 22.74c 3.25VP 90 23.70cd 3.00 21.76c 2.63 11.24d 2.45 87.16ab 11.19 33.12ab 8.12 23.29c 3.37
Subzone ** *** *** ** ** **
1 208 24.70a 3.64 22.85a 3.01 12.06a 2.72 82.76b 15.1 31.85b 8.58 24.51a 3.972 209 27.13b 3.57 22.48ab 2.69 11.68ab 2.54 85.1a 14.76 32.5b 8.05 23.85b 3.843 207 23.93b 3.43 22.1b 2.90 11.47b 2.74 86.04a 13.20 33.44a 8.66 23.6c 3.83
Quispe et al., 2015
Averages and standard error (SD) by side, zone and subzone of six fiber characteristics (AFD, CVD, SL, CF, FC and SF) of Chaku llama fiber.
EN LLAMAS
Body Site AFD±ee
(μm)
CVD±ee
(%)
SF±ee
(μm)
CI±ee
(°/mm)
SL±ee
(mm)
Neck 13.92± 0.21bc 20.68±0.41cde 13.54±0.22bcd 82.05 ±1.94 ab 19.25±0.56a
Forelimb 14.00±0.18bc 20.07±0.39bcd 13.53±0.17bcd 83.58 ±1.59 abc 22.58±0.54b
Hindlimb 13.92±0.18bc 18.66±0.37a 13.28±0.16bc 87.89 ±1.75 c 24.00±0.58b
Anterior saddle 3 13.21±0.22a 19.64±0.36abc 12.71±0.20a 83.83 ±2.04 abc 28.00±0.82c
Anterior saddle 2 14.03±0.22bc 20.43±0.40bcde 13.60±0.21cd 84.41 ±1.90bc 28.08±0.81c
Anterior saddle 1 14.63±0.20d 21.49±0.39e 14.29±0.20e 81.37±1.48ab 27.67±0.67c
Central saddle 3 13.59±0.26ab 19.34±0.44ab 13.04±0.24abc 82.62±1.77abc 29.67±0.87cd
Central saddle 2 13.94±0.18bc 19.32±0.37ab 13.39±0.16bcd 81.35±2.15ab 27.83±0.85c
Central saddle 1 14.58±0.23d 20.54±0.44bcde 14.13±0.20e 80.48±1.79ab 24.75±0.82b
Back saddle 3 13.55±0.25ab 19.48±0.31abc 13.01±0.23ab 82.61±2.03abc 31.58±0.87de
Back saddle 2 14.02±0.21bc 19.40±0.39ab 13.46±0.18bcd 78.17±1.67a 32.92±1.23e
Back saddle 1 14.34±0.20cd 20.71±0.42de 13.91±0.18de 82.70±1.70abc 27.50±0.88c
A_Fl with neck 13.98±0.17 19.92±0.31 13.49±0.15 82.64±1.20 26.99±0.45
A_Fl without neck 13.98±0.18 19.92±0.31 13.49±0.15 82.64±1.20 27.69±0.48
Average and standard error (se) of average fibre diameter (AFD), fibre diameter coefficient of variation (CVD), spinning fineness (SF), fibre curvature (FC) and staple length (SL) of vicuña fibreat different body sites.
EN VICUÑAS
Quispe et al., 2014
The effect of site on fibre attributes of female white Huacaya alpaca in the High Andes, (a) mean fibre diameter (μm; LSD 5%, 1.66), (b) fibre diameter coefficient of variation (%; LSD 5%, 1.07), (c) fibre curvature (◦/mm after log10 backtransformation; LSD 5% notbacktransformed, 0.037), (d) staple length (mm; LSD 5%, 8.6).
Spectra for vicuña fleece showing top variations by body areas. (A) Darkest and lightest zones produce fines and thicker fibres, respectively, (B) Darkest and lightest zones have fibre with less and more CVD, (C) In darker zones are located fibres with the highest fibre curvature, contrary to the lighter zones, and (D) At darkest areas are located fibre with larger staple length.
COMPONENTES DE VARIANZA DE VELLONES
COMPONENTES DE VARIANZA DE VELLONES
COMPONENTES DE VARIANZA DE VELLONES DE CAMELIDOS
MODELO UTILIZADO PARA DETERMINAR COMPONENTES DE VARIANZA
Variables dependientes:MDF, CVMDF, LM, FIHI, FC, ICVariables independientes-FIJO : estrato etáreo, sexo-ALEATORIO: animal, lado, región, subregión, error
MODELO ADITIVO JERARQUICO
jklmnoklmnklmklkjiijklmno eiALRIALRALAESuy //////
METODOS DE ESTIMACION DE COMPONENTES DE VARIANZA
• ANOVA• METODOS DE HENDERSON• MINQUE• MIVQUE• MAXIMA VEROSIMILITUD (LM)• MAXIMA VEROSIMILITUD RESTRINGIDA (REML)• GIBBS SAMPLING
COMPONENTES DE VARIANZA DE VELLONES DE LLAMAS, ALPACAS Y VICUÑAS
Descomposición de la varianza del DMF y el CVD entre animales y dentro de animal, en alpacas Huacaya.
Carácter Varianza dentro del animal
Varianza entre animales
Varianza residual
DMF 14.38 14.19 6.53(%) (41.0%) (40.4%) (18.6%)
CVD 0.32 3.28 10.91(%) (2.2%) (22.6%) (75.2%)
Quispe et al., 2013
VariablesVariance component estimates of total variance
Totalanimal zone Sub zone residual
LLAMAS CHAKU
AFD (μm2)5.04(2.25)
{0.35}2.43(1.56)
{0.17}0.32(0.56)
{0.02}6.80(2.61)
{0.47}14.58
{1.00}
CVAFD (%2)4.44(2.11)
{0.50}1.41(1.19)
{0.16}0.10(0.31)
{0.01}2.95(1.72)
{0.33}8.90
{1.00}
SL (cm2)3.20(1.79)
{0.41}1.28(1.13)
{0.16}0.01(0.00)
{0.00}3.29(1.81)
{0.42}7.77
{1.00}
CF(%2)75.18(8.67)
{0.31}34.53(5.88)
{0.14}7.12(2.67)
{0.03}125.65(11.21)
{0.52}242.47{1.00}
FC(º/mm)252.08(7.22)
{0.68}5.30(2.30)
{0.07}3.53(1.88)
{0.05}15.63(3.95)
{0.20}76.54
{1.00}
SF(μm2)6.05(2.46)
{0.35}2.84(1.69)
{0.16}0.22(0.46)
{0.01}8.14(2.85)
{0.47}17.25
{1.00}
Variance component estimates of average fiber diameter (AFD), coefficient of variation of fiber diameter (CVAFD), staple length (SL), comfort factor (CF), fiber curvature (FC) and spinning fineness (SF), and their proportional contribution to total variance for each component, in Chaku llamas.
Quispe et al., 2014
Sources of
variation
AFD VCD SF CI SL
Value % Value % Value % Value % Value %
Between animals 0.34 28.31 0.94 19.92 0.26 20.34 14.55 16.74 1.91 3.67
Within animals 0.38 31.18 1.42 30.21 0.49 38.48 8.60 9.90 35.19 67.54
Residual 0.49 40.51 2.34 49.87 0.52 41.18 63.73 73.36 15.00 28.79
Total 1.22 100.00 4.70 100.00 1.27 100.00 86.88 100.00 32.68 100.00
Contribution of sources of variation or variance components of average fibrediameter (AFD), fibre diameter coefficient of variation (CVD), spinning fineness(SF), curvature index (CI) and staple length (SL), in vicuñas
Quispe et al., 2014
MEJOR ZONA DE MUESTREO
METODOLOGÍA
jiiij eXXbaY )(
21
)2,1(2,1 * ss
Covr
•CORRELACIÓN
•REGRESION
MEJOR ZONA DE MUESTREO
Correlación entre las regiones del vellón de alpacas Huacaya consideradas para diámetro medio de fibra (sobre la diagonal) y coeficiente de variación del diámetro (bajo la diagonal).
Ranking according to r-Pearson
AFD CVD SL CF FC SF
1st: SiterICp-value
CS2{0.93}
[0.81-0.98] 3.29E-07
B1 {0.95}
[0.85-0.98]8.50E-08
AS2 {0.93}
[0.80-0.98] 4.71E-07
CS2{0.90}
[0.73-0.97]3.86E-06
BS1 {0.97}
[0.91-0.99]1.84E-09
CS2{0.92}
[0.78-0.97]8.45E-07
2nd: SiterICp-value
CS3{0.93}
[0.81-0.98] 4.00E-07
AS2 {0.92}
[0.78-0.97]9.26E-07
CS2{0.89}
[0.68-0.96]1.13E-05
CS3{0.88}
[0.66-0.96]1.90E-05
CS3{0.97}
[0.91-0.99]3.01E-09
CS3{0.92}
[0.77-0.97]1.31E-06
3rd: SiterICp-value
AS2 {0.89}
[0.69-0.96] 9.11E-08
CS3{0.89}
[0.71-0.96] 6.62E-06
CS3{0.88}
[0.68-0.96]1.19E-05
AS3 {0.87}
[0.66-0.96]2.04E-05
CS2{0.96}
[0.89-0.99]8.13E-09
AS2 {0.90}
[0.72-0.97]5.18E-06
Appropriate site for sampling of six fiber characteristics (AFD, CVD, SL, CF, FC and SF) of Chaku llama fiber with the ranking of sampling sites according to those with the highest correlation coefficient
MEJOR ZONA DE MUESTREO
Appropriate site for sampling of five technological characteristics (AFD, CVD, FF, CI and SL) of vicuña fiber with the ranking of sampling sites according to those with the higestcorrelation coefficiente (r-Pearson in brackets)
CONCLUSIONESY
RECOMENDACIONES