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Organisers:
Comprehensive Certificate Course for
BEAM Plus on Energy Use (EU) 2016
1st Honorable Speaker – Mr MK Leung
Ronald Lu & Partners
2nd Honorable Speaker – Ms Gigi Kam
ARUP
21 November 2016
Session 3 – Passive Design and Embodied Energy in Building Structural Elements
Comprehensive Certificate Course for BEAM Plus on Energy Use (EU) 2016
Supporting organisations:
Organisers:
Organisers:
Page 2Comprehensive Certificate Course for BEAM Plus on Energy Use (EU) 2016
Comprehensive Certificate Course for
BEAM Plus on Energy Use (EU) 2016
Session 3 – Passive Design and Embodied Energy in Building Structural Elements
19:00 – 20:20
Mr MK Leung, Ronald Lu & Partners‘Highlights of Practice Notes: APP-130 & APP-152’
‘Applications of Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) and Residential Thermal Transfer Value (RTTV) in
buildings’
‘Cases sharing on passive design for energy reduction and energy efficient building layout’
20:20 – 20:25 Q & A
20:25 – 20:35 Break
20:35 – 21:25Ms Gigi Kam, ARUP
‘Evaluation of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of building elements with ISO 14040 and ASTM
E1991’
21:25 – 21:30 Q & A
Organisers:
Comprehensive Certificate Course for
BEAM Plus on Energy Use (EU) 2016
1st Honorable Speaker – Mr MK Leung
Ronald Lu & Partners
‘Highlights of Practice Notes: APP-130 & APP-152’
‘Applications of OTTV and RTTV in buildings’
‘Cases sharing on passive design for energy reduction and energy efficient building layout’
21 November 2016
Session 3 – Passive Design and Embodied Energy in Building Structural Elements
Comprehensive Certificate Course for BEAM Plus on Energy Use (EU) 2016
Organisers:
Supporting organisations:
Organisers:
Comprehensive Certificate Course for
BEAM Plus on Energy Use (EU) 2016
2nd Honorable Speaker – Ir Gigi Kam
ARUP
‘Evaluation of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of building elements with ISO 14040 and ASTM E1991’
21 November 2016
Session 3 – Passive Design and Embodied Energy in Building Structural Elements
Comprehensive Certificate Course for BEAM Plus on Energy Use (EU) 2016
Organisers:
Supporting organisations:
Organisers:
Page 5
Life Cycle of Building Elements
figures extracted from
https://www.saint-gobain.com
Organisers:
Page 6
• An objective method
• To evaluate environmental
burdens associated with a
product, process or activity
• To evaluate and implement
opportunities to influence
environmental improvements
• ISO 14040 Standard provides an
internationally accepted framework
for LCA
• Inventory Analysis
• Impact Assessment
• Interpretation
Background
Organisers:
Page 7
Background
Function of LCA
• For quantitative analysis on
environmental and cost impacts;
• For decision making among
various options of alternative
building designs and construction
methods
Organisers:
Page 8
Background
Athena, Sustainable Material
Institute, N. AmericaImpact, BRE, UK
SimaPro, BDA, Netherland
Are these applicable
to Hong Kong?
Organisers:
Page 9
International Guideline of LCAISO 14040:2006:
Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment – Principles and Framework
ISO 14044:2006:
Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment – Requirements and Guidelines
Figures extracted from
ISO 14040:2006 & ISO 14044:2006
Organisers:
Page 10
Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)
• Energy inputs;
• Raw material inputs;
• Ancillary inputs;
• Other physical inputs;
• Products;
• Co-products;
• Waste;
• Release to air, water and soil;
• Other environmental aspects
Figure extracted from ISO 14044:2006
Organisers:
Page 11
Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)Example of Data Collection Sheet for Unit Process
Table extracted from ISO 14044:2006
Organisers:
Page 12
Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)
Example of Data Collection Sheet for Upstream Transport
Example of Data Collection Sheet for Internal Transport
Table extracted from ISO 14044:2006
Organisers:
Page 13
Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA)
Optional Elements of LCIA:
• Normalization
• Grouping
• Weighting
• Data Quality Analysis
Figures extracted from ISO 14044:2006
Organisers:
Page 14
Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA)
Commonly used Life Cycle
Impact Category
Organisers:
Page 15
Essential Information for Life Cycle Assessment
(LCA) in Building
• Material components
• Raw Material Manufacturing Process
• Material Country of Origin
• Transportation Method
• Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)
• Cost Data
• Building Material Quantity
• Impact Category Normalization Factor
• Impact Category Local Weighting Factor
• Operational Profile
• Local Fuel Mix for Electricity Generation
• Material Dismantling & Disposing Process
Not Necessary for BEAM
Plus NB EU3
© Arup
Organisers:
Page 16
LCA for Buildings
Step 1:
List of breakdown of
building materials© Arup
Organisers:
Page 17
LCA for Buildings
Step 2:
Consider reference emission data for computing
LCA impacts for building materials
© Arup
Organisers:
Page 18
LCA for Buildings
Step 3:
Collect fuel mix composition of different countries
© Arup
Organisers:
Page 19
LCA for Buildings
Step 4:
Calculate the transportation
distance between Hong Kong
and material country of origin© Arup
Organisers:
Page 20
LCA for Buildings
Step 5:
Survey on the country of origin of building materials
© Arup
Organisers:
Page 21
LCA for Buildings
Step 6:
Assume life expectance of building materials
© Arup
Organisers:
Page 22
LCA for Buildings
Step 7:
Resources consumption and construction waste analysis
Cumulative energy, water, diesel consumption and waste generation of construction site
© Arup
Organisers:
Page 23
LCA for Buildings
Step 8:
Develop localized weighting factor on impact category© Arup
Organisers:
Page 24
LCA for Buildings
Step 9:
Compilation of localized LCIA profiles for electricity use
LCIA profile for generating 1TJ of electricity in Hong Kong
(reference to CML Baseline 2000 LCIA method)
© Arup
© Arup
Organisers:
Page 25
LCA for Buildings
Step 10:
Compilation of localized LCIA profiles for building materials
© Arup
Organisers:
Page 26
LCA for Buildings
Step 11:
Summarize structural material
quantities© Arup
Organisers:
Page 27
LCA for Buildings
Step 12:
Conduct LCA calculation
M+
EU 3 Embodied Energy in Building Structural Elements
Building
Structural
Elements Component
Weight (kg)/
Volume (m3) Units
Density
(kg/m3) Weight (kg) Material
abiotic depletion global warmingozone layer
depletion human toxicity
fresh water aquatic
ecotoxicity
marine aquatic
ecotoxicity
terrestrial
ecotoxicity
photochemical
oxidation acidification eutrophication
embodied energy
(MJ/kg)Unit Cost ($)
Assumptions
sub structure – piles 19,400 m3 2450 47,530,000 Concrete 53708.9 13,688,640 2.00E+00 2081814 167305.6 2091320000 15779.96 2552.361 61789 9220.82 115,973,200 14,259,000$ 45D
sub structure – piles 7,581,000
kg - 7,581,000 Steel 107,650.20 13,569,990 3.62E-01 282771300 215300.4 2448663000 7452.123 6125.448 64514.31 5230.89 224,397,600 40,179,300$
Steel Hot Rolled
(rebar)
sub structure – piles -
m2 - Formwork - - 0.00E+00 - - - - - - - - -$
Temporary steel
casings are used
super structure ‐ beams 15,600
m3 2450 38,220,000 Concrete 43188.6 11,007,360 1.61E+00 1674036 134534.4 1681680000 12689.04 2052.414 49686 7414.68 89,434,800 11,466,000$ 45D
super structure ‐ beams 3,276,000
kg - 3,276,000 Steel 46519.2 5,864,040 1.57E-01 122194800 93038.4 1058148000 3220.308 2647.008 27878.76 2260.44 96,969,600 17,362,800$
Steel Hot Rolled
(rebar)
super structure ‐ beams 58,000
m2 560 812,000 Formwork 5,773 1,404,760 6.48E-01 200,564 14,210 155,092,000 2,014 794 8,932 1,372 11,936,400 8,769,600$
Board plywood
spruce
super structure ‐ slabs 31,400 m3 2450 76,930,000 Concrete 86930.9 22,155,840 3.24E+00 3369534 270793.6 3384920000 25540.76 4131.141 100009 14924.42 187,709,200 23,079,000$ 45D
super structure ‐ slabs 4,631,500
kg - 4,631,500 Steel 65767.3 8,290,385 2.21E-01 172754950 131534.6 1495974500 4552.7645 3742.252 39414.065 3195.735 137,092,400 24,546,950$
Majority Steel Hot
Rolled (rebar)
super structure ‐ slabs 109,000
m2 560 1,526,000 Formwork 10,850 2,639,980 1.22E+00 376,922 26,705 291,466,000 3,784 1,492 16,786 2,579 22,432,200 16,480,800$
Board plywood
spruce
super structure ‐ columns 4,000 m3 2450 9,800,000 Concrete 11858 3,243,800 4.77E-01 462560 36848 462560000 3400.6 582.12 13818 2067.8 24,598,000 4,312,000$ 60D
super structure ‐ columns 13,315,000
kg - 13,315,000 Steel 189073 23,833,850 6.36E-01 496649500 378146 4300745000 13088.645 10758.52 113310.65 9187.35 394,124,000 70,569,500$
Steel Hot Rolled
(rebar)
super structure ‐ columns 238,979
m2 560 5,974 Formwork 42 10,336 4.77E-03 1,476 105 1,141,125 15 6 66 10 87,825 64,524$
board plywood
spruce
structural partitions 18,200 m3 2450 44,590,000 Concrete 50386.7 12,841,920 1.88E+00 1953042 156956.8 1961960000 14803.88 2394.483 57967 8650.46 104,340,600 13,377,000$ 45D
structural partitions 1,274,000
kg - 1,274,000 Steel 18090.8 2,280,460 6.09E-02 47520200 36181.6 411502000 1252.342 1029.392 10841.74 879.06 37,710,400 6,752,200$
Steel Hot Rolled
(rebar)
structural partitions 70,000
m2 560 980,000 Formwork 6,968 1,695,400 7.82E-01 242,060 17,150 187,180,000 2,430 958 10,780 1,656 14,406,000 10,584,000$
board plywood
spruce
Trusses 2,462 m3 2450 6,031,900 Concrete 7298.599 1,996,559 2.94E-01 284705.68 22679.944 284705680 2093.0693 358.29486 8504.979 1272.7309 15,140,069 2,654,036$ 60D
Trusses 3,137,000 kg - 3,137,000 Steel 44,232 5,803,450 0.15 110,422,400 97,247 1,160,690,000 3,294 2,547 29,205 2,346 91,600,400 62,740,000$ structural steel
Trusses 5,105
m2 560 71,470 Formwork 508 123,643 5.70E-02 17,653 1,251 13,650,770 177 70 786 121 1,050,609 771,876$
board plywood
spruce
M+ Tower 2,825 m3 2450 6,921,250 Concrete 7821.0125 1,993,320 2.91E-01 303150.75 24362.8 304535000 2297.855 371.671125 8997.625 1342.7225 16,195,725 2,076,375$ 45D
M+ Podium 1,853 m3 2450 4,539,850 Concrete 5130.0305 1,307,477 1.91E-01 198845.43 15980.272 199753400 1507.2302 243.789945 5901.805 880.7309 10,623,249 1,361,955$ 45D
M+ Ground floor 194 m3 2450 475,300 Concrete 537.089 136,886 2.00E-02 20818.14 1673.056 20913200 157.7996 25.52361 617.89 92.2082 1,112,202 142,590$ 45D
CSF pre-cast concrete louvres
on 2nd floor 20
m3 2450 49,000 Concrete 55.37 14,112 2.06E-03 2146.2 172.48 2156000 16.268 2.6313 63.7 9.506 114,660 14,700$ 45D
CSF external wall and roof 1,851 m3 2450 4,534,950 Concrete 5124.4935 1,306,066 1.91E-01 198630.81 15963.024 199537800 1505.6034 243.526815 5895.435 879.7803 10,611,783 1,360,485$ 45D
CSF roof waved concrete
facade 302
m3 2450 739,900 Concrete 836.087 213,091 3.11E-02 32407.62 2604.448 32555600 245.6468 39.73263 961.87 143.5406 1,731,366 221,970$ 45D
M+ Tower Glass 14,319 m2 45 kg/m2 644,355 Glass 142402.455 25,000,974 3.47E+00 15657826.5 824774.4 34666299000 27127.3455 7410.0825 194595.21 18364.1175 322,177,500 1,159,839,000$ double glazed glass
M+ Podium Glass 417 m2 45 kg/m2 18,765 Glass 4147.065 728,082 1.01E-01 455989.5 24019.2 1009557000 790.0065 215.7975 5667.03 534.8025 9,382,500 33,777,000$ double glazed glass
M+ Ground floor façade glass 2,441 m2 45 kg/m2 109,845 Glass 24275.745 4,261,986 5.92E-01 2669233.5 140601.6 5909661000 4624.4745 1263.2175 33173.19 3130.5825 54,922,500 197,721,000$ double glazed glass
Dry wall 6,555 m3 6.5kg/m2 426,051 Calcium silicate 1,180 158,917 0.26 43,883 2,991 36,512,566 452 50 1,103 160 2,454,053 2,130,255$ gypsum
Non-structural concrete 13,051 m3 2450 31,975,857 Concrete 36132.71785 9,209,047 1.35E+00 1400542.515 112555.0149 1406937686 10615.98436 1717.103494 41568.61345 6203.316161 74,823,504 9,592,757$ 45D
976488 174,780,371 20 1263960991 2965684 65179816327 164928 53824 912835 104130 2073152345 1,736,206,673$
11.86147128 10
Global warming
(kgco2) Embodied Energy (MJ)
Foundation 27,258,630 Foundation 340,370,800
Superstructure 103,191,783 Superstructure 1,228,632,503
Facade 34,961,994 Facade 426,871,485
Non-structural walls 9,367,964 Non-structural walls 77,277,558
Whole building 174,780,371 Whole building 2,073,152,345
Structure
Facade
Walls
0
20,000,000
40,000,000
60,000,000
80,000,000
100,000,000
120,000,000
140,000,000
160,000,000
180,000,000
Foundation Superstructure Facade Non-structuralwalls
Whole building
Global warming (kg CO2)
0
500,000,000
1,000,000,000
1,500,000,000
2,000,000,000
2,500,000,000
Foundation Superstructure Facade Non-structural walls Whole building
Embodied Energy (MJ)
0
10,000,000,000
20,000,000,000
30,000,000,000
40,000,000,000
50,000,000,000
60,000,000,000
70,000,000,000
Life Cycle Impact
© Arup
Organisers:
Page 28
LCA for Buildings
Step 13:
LCA results analysis © Arup
© Arup
© Arup