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Compressors
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COMPRESSORSINTRODUCTION TOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTEngineering for the Petroleum and Process Industries
WHAT ARE COMPRESSORS ?Compressors are machines used to increase the total energy level of a compressible fluid (either gas or vapor).
Molecular weight of compressed gas vary from 2 (Hydrogen) ~ 352 (uranium hexafluoride)
WHAT ARE COMPRESSORS APPLICATIONS ?Compressors applications vary from home refrigerator to large complex petrochemical plantsCompressors can be used for:Gas transmission through pipelinesStorage and transmission of energy (e.g. shop air compression)Volume reduction for storage or transportation (e.g. LPG, LNG) Process requirements (e.g. chemical reactions)Energy conversion (e.g. Ref. system, heat pumps)
SELECTION OF COMPRESSORS
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSORSRECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSORSPositive Displacement Compressors, are machines in which successive volumes of gas are confined within a closed space where the pressure is increased as volume of the closed space is decreased.
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORSReciprocating compressors are positive displacement machines that compress and move gases by using a combination of Rotational and Linear (Reciprocating) motion
HOW RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS WORK ?Reciprocating compressors are positive displacement machines that compress and move gases by using a combination of Rotational and Linear (Reciprocating) motion Ideal Reciprocating Compressor cycle as following:
SuctionCompressionDischarge Expansion
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS CLASSIFICATIONReciprocating compressors are available in:-CrankPiston RodCross HeadTrunk PistonPistonConnecting RodCylinder VolumeRod PackingHead-End Cylinder VolumeCrank-End Cylinder VolumeSingle Acting (Trunk or automotive piston Type)Double acting (Cross Head Type)
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS CONSTRUCTIONCRANK SHAFT
Small BorePiston & Step LinerMedium Bore Piston & LinerVariable VolumeHead Common To 3 DiametersCylinder Body &Piston Rod CommonTo 3 DiametersLarge Bore Piston & Stub Liner
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS VALVES CONSTRUCTIONPlate valve
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS VALVES CONSTRUCTION
Frame & Cylinder LubricationPre-lube PumpLubricatorOil-level Controller (option)Oil Filter MountDigital No-Flow TimerDivider BlockOil Pressure GaugesPlate-type Oil Cooler
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS CONSTRUCTIONPISTON ROD PACKING
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS CONSTRUCTIONCROSS HEAD
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS CONSTRUCTIONCONNECTING ROD
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS CONSTRUCTIONCRANK SHAFT
Locking CollarVariable Volume Clearance Pockets
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS PULSATION DAMPENER
RECIP. COMPRESSORS GAUGE BOARD
RECIP. COMPRESSORS DRIVE METHODSElectric Motor
RECIP. COMPRESSORS DRIVE METHODSInternal Combustion Gas Engine
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS
HOW CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS WORK?1- GAS INITIAL CONDITION AT INLET2- GAS AFTER ACCELERATION3- GAS AFTER DECELERATIONFROM BENOLLI EQUATION:P3+RV3/2+RGZ3 = P2+RV2/2+RGZ2
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS IMPELLER TYPES
HORIZONTALLY SPLIT COMPRESSORS TOP NOZZLES
HORIZONTALLY SPLIT BACK TO BACK ARRANGEMENT COMPRESSORS
HORIZONTALLY SPLIT HIGH FLOW COMPRESSORS
VERTICALLY SPLIT COMPRESSORSTOP NOZZLES
VERTICALLY SPLIT VERY HIGH PRESSURE COMPRESSORS
VERTICALLY SPLIT PIPELINE COMPRESSORS
HIGH SPEED INTEGRALLY GEARED CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS